CN103245637B - A kind of Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to method and the detector of mass concentration - Google Patents
A kind of Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to method and the detector of mass concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN103245637B CN103245637B CN201310131880.1A CN201310131880A CN103245637B CN 103245637 B CN103245637 B CN 103245637B CN 201310131880 A CN201310131880 A CN 201310131880A CN 103245637 B CN103245637 B CN 103245637B
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Abstract
The invention provides method and detector that a kind of Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to mass concentration.Wherein, described conversion method have employed two ginseng nonlinear transformation model more accurately, can along with Particle number concentration object difference, the difference of measurement environment, the difference of output quality concentration particular type and do corresponding change.Meanwhile, the invention provides a kind of portable particle detector using above-mentioned conversion method.Use method of the present invention and detector, conversion and the measurement of Particle number concentration and mass concentration can be completed exactly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concentration conversion method and detector, particularly relate to method and detector that a kind of Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to mass concentration.
Background technology
Light scattering particle thing measuring instrument measurement result be particulate pollutant particle number (number/minute, cpm), although unit is generally Particle number concentration amount can reaction particles pollution level to a certain extent, but because the mass discrepancy of different particle is very large, therefore the general status for describing particle contamination is not suitable for, the Dou Shi mass concentration unit (mg/m adopted in the relevant criterion of therefore Particulate Pollution thing (comprising PM10, PM2.5)
3).
In correlative study before, a lot of people attempts the mutual relationship of these two kinds of indexs of research, and find in certain fiducial interval range, two kinds of indexs can be changed mutually.
The Ministry of Public Health has promulgated relevant industries standard WS/T206-2001 " public place Inhalable Particulate (PM10) assay method light scattering method " in calendar year 2001, the method that the Particle number concentration wherein recorded for light scattering method is converted to mass concentration number gives guidance, and gives Particle number concentration and mass concentration conversion coefficient computing formula:
K=C/(R-B) (formula 1)
In formula:
K-mass concentration conversion coefficient, mg/m3cpm;
The mass concentration value that C-weight method records, mg/m3;
R-light scattering formula particle detection apparatus measuring value, counting/point (cpm);
B-light scattering formula particle detector substrate value, counting/point (cpm).
By the method, conversion coefficient K can be obtained.Be defined in same scene simultaneously, gather more than 12 effective samples and carry out data statistic analysis, confirming that mass concentration and relative mass concentration have linear regression relation, is K value using the geometrical mean of its conversion coefficient K as the conversion of this place pellet (PM10) concentration.
What also provide K value in a standard instructs scope simultaneously, and conversion coefficient K is 0.02 in public places.
This method has good directive significance, but all use a K mean value to calculate under the method suggestion all situations, and this mean value just obtains measured by four given chamber internal fields, this is obviously inadequate: first under variable grain pollution concentration, the difference of K value is obvious, is all unified into a value and calculates and will inevitably cause very large error.Secondly under different measuring environment, large-size particles (particle radii are between the 10-2.5 micron) difference of specific gravity in whole PM10 is also very large, so need to adjust according to measurement environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of described problem, the invention provides method and detector that a kind of Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to mass concentration, the method and detector consider the particle contamination of variable concentrations to the impact of conversion, and measurement environment is to transformer effect.
An aspect of of the present present invention, provide a kind of method that Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method is converted to mass concentration, it is characterized in that, this conversion method have employed nonlinear transformation model:
Subscript x, for identifying the type of mass concentration, comprises PM10 and PM2.5 etc.;
Subscript env, for identifying measurement environment, comprises outside atmosphere, mine etc.;
C
xfor aimed quality concentration, comprise PM10 mass concentration C
pM10and PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5etc. mass concentration;
C
0for Reference mass concentration, be from PM10 mass concentration C
pM10or PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5etc. one that chooses in mass concentration;
W
x, envfor under the measurement environment identified with subscript env, described aimed quality concentration C
xto described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion coefficient;
R is the air pellet Particle number concentration that light scattering particle thing detector is measured;
B is the substrate value of light scattering particle thing detector;
K
1, envand K
2, envfor Particle number concentration R described under the measurement environment identified with subscript env is to described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion parameter;
As follows according to the measuring process of described transformation model:
The Particle number concentration R of described air pellet is measured with light scattering particle thing detector;
Described conversion parameter K is chosen according to measurement environment
1, envand K
2, env;
Described conversion coefficient w is chosen according to aimed quality concentration and measurement environment
x, env;
Aimed quality concentration is calculated according to described transformation model.
Another aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of method of demarcating conversion parameter in described conversion method, it is characterized in that, described conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envdetermine with single ginseng Return Law, comprise the steps:
Scatter-type particle measuring instrument and particle quality concentration measuring apparatus is used repeatedly to contrast measurement;
Utilize described contrast measurement result, and relation
return out parameter K
2, env, wherein, C
1, env, R
1, envand C
2, env, R
2, envit is the measurement of comparison result of twice mass concentration, Particle number concentration;
The parameter K returned out described in utilization
2, envand relation
return out parameter K
1, env;
Under different measurement environment, perform described step respectively, to obtain the conversion parameter K under different measuring environment
1, env, K
2, env.
Another aspect of the present invention, provides the method for conversion parameter in the conversion method described in another kind of demarcation, it is characterized in that, described conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envdetermine with two ginseng Return Law, comprise the steps:
Selected a kind of measurement environment is as reference measurement environment;
Under described reference measurement environment, scatter-type particle measuring instrument and particle quality concentration measuring apparatus is used repeatedly to contrast measurement;
By grain thing Particle number concentration R and Reference mass concentration C in measurement result will be contrasted
0(comprise C
pM10or C
pM2.5deng) result, directly carry out matching recurrence by described nonlinear model, Reference mass concentration C under reference measurement environment
0conversion parameter K
1, K
2;
By the measurement result of contrast in different measurement environment, by described conversion parameter K
1, env, K
2, envbe expressed as K
1, env=m
envk
1, K
2, env=n
envk
2, wherein
M
envunder the environment identified with env, described conversion parameter K
1, envwith the conversion parameter K under described reference measurement environment
1scale-up factor;
N
envunder the environment identified with env, described conversion parameter K
2, envwith the conversion parameter K under described reference measurement environment
2scale-up factor.
Another aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of particle detector using described concentration conversion method, comprising:
User's setup unit, for user's setting measurement environment, selects the mass concentration type that will measure;
Sensor unit, produces induced signal by light diffuse transmission type particulate matter sensors to the particle in measured air;
Collecting unit, for the signal that timing acquiring sensor produces;
CPU (central processing unit), carries out process by the signal collected and obtains Particle number concentration;
Concentration converting unit, by described user's setting measurement environment, is converted to the mass concentration that user selects by described Particle number concentration;
Display unit, is shown to screen by net result;
It is characterized in that, described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion.
Described detector, is characterized in that, when described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion, adopts the conversion parameter that described in claim 2, method is demarcated.
Described detector, is characterized in that, when described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion, adopts the conversion parameter that described in claim 3, method is demarcated.
Described concentration conversion method and detector pass through a nonlinear model, the difference changed under considering variable grain pollution concentration, and the difference changed in different measuring environment.Make the conversion of air pellet Particle number concentration and mass concentration and measurement more accurate and simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the conversion parameter calibration process according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of conversion parameter calibration process according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of concentration transfer process according to the third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of portable particle detector according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
First embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the conversion parameter calibration process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, in step S1010, by Particle number concentration R and mass concentration C
xtransformation model be defined as nonlinear transformation model
Wherein
Subscript x, for identifying the type of mass concentration, comprises PM10 and PM2.5 etc.;
Subscript env, for identifying measurement environment, comprises outside atmosphere, mine etc.;
C
xfor aimed quality concentration, comprise PM10 mass concentration C
pM10and PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5etc. mass concentration;
C
0for Reference mass concentration, be from PM10 mass concentration C
pM10or PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5etc. one that chooses in mass concentration;
W
x, envfor under the measurement environment identified with subscript env, described aimed quality concentration C
xto described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion coefficient;
R is the air pellet Particle number concentration that light scattering particle thing detector is measured;
B is the substrate value of light scattering particle thing detector;
K
1, envand K
2, envfor Particle number concentration R described under the measurement environment identified with subscript env is to described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion parameter.
In described transformation model, in order to the difference that the Particle number concentration that causes because of the separate sources of particle under different measuring environment and mass concentration are changed can be embodied, in different measurement environment, use different parameter K1
, env and K
2, env.Such as, in mine and in inhabitation residence of being in, obviously there is very big-difference in the source of particle, and thus the quality of identical Particle number concentration object pollutant has a great difference, and thus described model adopts different conversion parameter K
1, mine, K
2, minewith K
1, household house, K
2, household houseembody this species diversity.
In described transformation model, index parameters K
2, envwhen can be reflected in different Particle number concentration amounts, the change of the mass concentration caused because large-size particles is different from the ratio of small size particle.Such as, in a practical situation, when Particle number concentration is less, large-size particles quantitative proportion is relatively higher, and thus the average quality of each particle is large; And increase along with Particle number concentration, large-size particles quantitative proportion reduces gradually, and thus the average quality of each particle is little.Index parameters K
2, envthis characteristic can be reflected.
In step S1020, choose a kind of mass concentration, as PM10 or PM2.5 etc., as Reference mass concentration.Under different measuring environment, use and singly join the Return Law, the conversion parameter of Particle number concentration and this Reference mass concentration is demarcated.
Being described as follows of each quantitative relation wherein related to:
According to the determined conversion regime of step S1010, the Particle number concentration R recorded for twice in same measurement environment
1, env, R
2, envwith the contrast measured value C of its mass concentration
1, env, C
2, env, there is following relation:
Formula 3, formula 4 both sides are divided by simultaneously, so
Taken the logarithm in formula 5 both sides, then have
Thus, utilize formula 6 can return out parameter K by single ginseng by contrast measured value
2, env;
Utilize described non-linear conversion mode afterwards
known
According to formula 7, use and return out parameter K
2, env, parameter K can be returned out by single ginseng Return Law by contrast measured value
1, env.
Described in comprehensive, demarcate K
1, envand K
2, enthe one-parameter separate regression steps of v is as follows:
Scatter-type particle measuring instrument and particle quality concentration measuring apparatus is used repeatedly to contrast measurement;
Utilize described contrast measurement result, and relation
return out parameter K
2, env, wherein, C
1, env, R
1, envand C
2, env, R
2, envit is the measurement of comparison result of twice mass concentration, Particle number concentration;
The parameter K returned out described in utilization
2, envand relation
return out parameter K
1, env;
The conversion parameter K that described step obtains varying environment is performed under different measurement environment
1, env, K
2, env.
Afterwards, in step S1030, measuring by doing contrast to different mass concentrations and Reference mass concentration in different measuring environment, mass concentration C in different measuring environment can be calibrated
xwith Reference mass concentration C
0the conversion coefficient w of conversion
env, x;
Finally, comprehensive described result, can demarcate conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envand obtain the transformational relation of Particle number concentration and mass concentration:
Second embodiment:
Have employed the symbol identical with the first embodiment and subscript in the present embodiment, its meaning is identical with the first embodiment, is not thus repeated.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of conversion parameter calibration process according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, in step S2010, by Particle number concentration R and mass concentration C
xconversion regime be defined as nonlinear transformation model
Next, perform step S2020, in selected reference measurement environment (as outside atmosphere), for Reference mass concentration, as PM10 or PM2.5 etc., by measuring the control value of multiple Particle number concentration and mass concentration, two ginseng Return Law is directly used to return out conversion coefficient K
1and K
2.
Then, in step S2030, by the conversion coefficient K under contrast different measuring environment
1, envand K
2, envconversion coefficient K is returned out with the measurement environment of benchmark
1and K
2, under can calibrating different measuring environment, conversion coefficient corresponds to the correction factor m of the conversion coefficient under base case
env, n
env, make K
1, env=m
envk
1, K
2, env=n
envk
2.
Afterwards, in step S2040, measuring by doing contrast to different mass concentrations and Reference mass concentration in different measuring environment, can calibrate with mass concentration C in the measurement environment of subscript env mark
xwith Reference mass concentration C
0the conversion coefficient w of conversion
env, x;
Finally, comprehensive described result, can demarcate conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envand obtain the transformational relation of Particle number concentration and mass concentration:
3rd embodiment:
Have employed the symbol identical with the first embodiment and subscript in the present embodiment, its meaning is identical with the first embodiment, is not thus repeated.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of concentration transfer process according to the third embodiment of the invention.
With reference to figure 3, by the determined nonlinear transformation model of the present invention, wherein conversion parameter can be obtained by the mode described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and its transfer process can have been come by following step:
Step S3010: the Particle number concentration R measuring described air pellet with light scattering particle thing detector;
Step S3020: determine described conversion parameter K according to measurement environment
1, envand K
2, env;
Step S3030: determine described conversion coefficient w according to aimed quality concentration and measurement environment
x, env;
Step S3040: according to described transformation model
calculate aimed quality concentration.
4th embodiment:
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of portable particle detector according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
With reference to figure 4, portable particle detector 100 comprises: user's setup unit 110, sensor unit 120, collecting unit 130, CPU (central processing unit) 140, concentration converting unit 150 and display unit 160.
Wherein, sensor unit 120 is light scattering formula particulate matter sensors; Display unit 160 is LCDs; Concentration converting unit 150 uses the method described in the 3rd embodiment to carry out concentration conversion, and conversion parameter is determined by the method described in the first embodiment or determined by the method described in the second embodiment.
During use, user is by user's setup unit 110 specified measurement environment, and the mass concentration type needed for selecting, start to measure, particulate pollutant enters light scattering formula particulate matter sensors unit 120 through the air inlet of housing afterwards, sensor unit 120 produces induced signal for particle, the signal that collecting unit 130 timing acquiring sensor unit 120 produces, by CPU (central processing unit) 140, signal is carried out process and obtain Particle number concentration, then in concentration converting unit 150, conversion method described in the 3rd embodiment is used, the measurement environment set by above-mentioned user and required mass concentration type, change out the mass concentration that user needs, the net result obtained is shown by display unit 160.
Although carried out as above describing to according to embodiments of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiment that described invention is proposed, various improvement can also have been made on the basis not departing from content of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the content of appending claims.
Claims (6)
1. the Particle number concentration that light scattering method records is converted to a method for mass concentration, it is characterized in that, this conversion method have employed nonlinear transformation model:
C
x=w
x, envc
0=w
x, envk
1, env(R-B)
k2, env, wherein
Subscript x, for identifying the type of mass concentration, is PM10 or PM2.5;
Subscript env, for identifying measurement environment, comprises outside atmosphere, mine and household house;
C
xfor aimed quality concentration, be PM10 mass concentration C
pM10or PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5mass concentration;
C
0for Reference mass concentration, be from PM10 mass concentration C
pM10or PM2.5 mass concentration C
pM2.5one that chooses in mass concentration;
W
x, envfor under the measurement environment identified with subscript env, described aimed quality concentration C
xto described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion coefficient;
R is the air pellet Particle number concentration that light scattering particle thing detector is measured;
B is the substrate value of light scattering particle thing detector;
K
1, envand K
2, envfor Particle number concentration R described under the measurement environment identified with subscript env is to described Reference mass concentration C
0conversion parameter;
As follows according to the measuring process of described transformation model:
The Particle number concentration R of described air pellet is measured with light scattering particle thing detector;
Described conversion parameter K is chosen according to measurement environment
1, envand K
2, env;
Described conversion coefficient w is chosen according to aimed quality concentration and measurement environment
x, env;
Aimed quality concentration is calculated according to described transformation model.
2. the Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method according to claim 1 is converted to the method for mass concentration, it is characterized in that, described conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envdetermine with single ginseng Return Law, comprise the steps:
Scatter-type particle measuring instrument and particle quality concentration measuring apparatus is used repeatedly to contrast measurement;
Utilize described contrast measurement result, and relation
return out parameter K
2, env, wherein, C
1, env, R
1, envand C
2, env, R
2, envit is the measurement of comparison result of twice mass concentration, Particle number concentration;
The parameter K returned out described in utilization
2, envand relation
return out parameter K
1, env;
Under different measurement environment, perform described step respectively, to obtain the conversion parameter K under different measuring environment
1, env, K
2, env.
3. the Particle number concentration recorded by light scattering method according to claim 1 is converted to the method for mass concentration, it is characterized in that, described conversion parameter K
1, envand K
2, envdetermine with following two ginseng Return Law, comprise the steps:
Selected a kind of measurement environment is as reference measurement environment;
Under described reference measurement environment, scatter-type particle measuring instrument and particle quality concentration measuring apparatus is used repeatedly to contrast measurement;
By grain thing Particle number concentration R and Reference mass concentration C in measurement result will be contrasted
0result, directly carry out matching recurrence by described nonlinear model, Reference mass concentration C under reference measurement environment
0conversion parameter K
1, K
2;
By the measurement result of contrast in different measurement environment, by described conversion parameter K
1, env, K
2, envbe expressed as
K
1,env＝m
env·K
1，
K
2, env=n
envk
2, wherein
M
envunder the environment identified with env, described conversion parameter K
1, envwith the conversion parameter K under described reference measurement environment
1scale-up factor;
N
envunder the environment identified with env, described conversion parameter K
2, envwith the conversion parameter K under described reference measurement environment
2scale-up factor.
4. use the particle detector described in claim 1, the Particle number concentration that light scattering method records being converted to the method for mass concentration, comprising:
User's setup unit, for user's setting measurement environment, selects the mass concentration type that will measure;
Sensor unit, produces induced signal by light diffuse transmission type particulate matter sensors to the particle in measured air;
Collecting unit, for the signal that timing acquiring sensor produces;
CPU (central processing unit), carries out process by the signal collected and obtains Particle number concentration;
Concentration converting unit, by described user's setting measurement environment, is converted to the mass concentration that user selects by described Particle number concentration;
Display unit, display net result;
It is characterized in that, described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion.
5. particle detector according to claim 4, is characterized in that, when described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion, adopts the conversion parameter that described in claim 2, method is demarcated.
6. particle detector according to claim 4, is characterized in that, when described concentration converting unit uses the method for claim 1 to carry out concentration conversion, adopts the conversion parameter that described in claim 3, method is demarcated.
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