CN103245029B - Breathing zone air supply and forced draft combined tunnel fire escape system - Google Patents
Breathing zone air supply and forced draft combined tunnel fire escape system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breathing zone air supply and forced draft combined tunnel fire escape system comprising a plenum chamber, an air supply flue pipe and a smoke barrier. The plenum chamber is arranged in the wall of one side of the tunnel and is connected with the air supply flue pipe, the air supply flue pipe is connected with a fan, a first nozzle and a second nozzle are arranged at the lower end of the plenum chamber, the second nozzle is a gradual-expanding-type nozzle, a fourth nozzle is arranged horizontally towards the tunnel, the air supply direction of the first nozzle directs towards a down inclined direction, the mouth of the second nozzle is arranged above the mouth of the first nozzle, the smoke barrier is horizontally arranged at the upper edge of the mouth of the second nozzle, the air supply speed of the first nozzle is 0.3m/s, and the air supply rate of the second nozzle is 0.7m/s. With the breathing zone air supply and forced draft combined tunnel fire escape system, effective escape ways can be guaranteed to form in the tunnel, the plenum chamber is only needed to place at the corner of the tunnel, and tunnel excavated volume is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel fire hazard escape system, particularly blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in a kind of respiratory region.
Background technology
Tunnel is the product of modern city high speed development.Since the second half in 20th century, the urban area of countries in the world expands gradually, urbanization process is accelerated gradually, and the quickening of this urbanization process result in urban transportation aspect needs that a kind of freight volume is large, speed is fast, energy consumption is little, it is low to pollute, floor space is little Urban Traffic Modes.And river, tunnel copper has just arisen in this period.Tunnel is as the vehicles of a kind of advanced person, and compared with traditional mode of transportation, it has unrivaled advantage.But while tunnel traffic development, the serious accident of tunnel fire hazard and so on happens occasionally, and usually causes serious casualties and property loss.Fire smoke is the main cause that the personnel that cause injure.Particularly important for the properties of fire smoke flow of underground fire hazard and conservative control method, technical measures.
Because fire smoke can produce significant damage to subway tunnel personnel escape, Chinese scholars controls to have carried out large quantifier elimination for tunnel fire disaster fume, thus proposes 5 kinds of Tunnel Ventilation Systems of popular.They are gravity-flow ventilation respectively, longitudinal ventilation, full transversal ventilation, blast type transversal ventilation, and air-exhaust type transversal ventilation.Gravity-flow ventilation is driven by two kinds of driving forces, and a kind of buoyancy lift being flue gas itself and having, flue gas can go out tunnel at the flows by action of buoyancy lift itself.Another kind is that railcar moves the Piston Action Wind caused.When fire occurs, the first active force takes effect as the leading factor, and the second active force then can be ignored.Longitudinal ventilation is similar to gravity-flow ventilation, but adds longitudinal jet blower.Under the effect of longitudinal jet blower, air-flow can form Piston Action Wind and flow to tunnel exit from tunnel portal, takes fire smoke out of tunnel.Transversal ventilation is also utilize mechanical fan that air is flowed, but it and longitudinal ventilation unlike, in the tunnel of application longitudinal ventilation, air-flow flows in the horizontal direction.And air-flow vertically moves when applying transversal ventilation.The relative longitudinal exhausting system of transversal ventilation system, its system is more complicated, needs above tunnel or a set of independent plenum chamber or pipe-line system are added in below, and corresponding air-supply and air draft air port.Fresh air is entered by bottom, tunnel supply air system, from the exhaust system of tunnel top discharges tunnel together with after mixing with flue gas.If transversal ventilation system had both comprised supply air system and also comprised exhaust system, then this horizontal system had been called as full horizontal system.If it comprises supply air system, air draft by two ends, tunnel natural exhaust, then claims this transversal ventilation system to be blowing-type transversal ventilation system.If it comprises exhaust system, mend wind and rely on two ends, tunnel to carry out nature benefit wind, be then called air draft type transversal ventilation system.The structure of 5 kinds of Tunnel Ventilation Systems is see Fig. 1.
The draft type that these ventilating systems adopt all have employed general ventilation mode without exception, and its primary goal is all reduce flue gas concentration when fire occurs in tunnel.But reality is only reduction of flue gas mean concentration when fire occurs in this tunnel.This can cause the problem of two aspects: one, although the mean concentration in overall tunnel reduces, because burning things which may cause a fire disaster is ceaselessly discharging flue gas, this part flue gas can not be got rid of completely, and this will cause the flue gas still having higher concentration in tunnel.Two, although the mean concentration in overall tunnel reduces, still have the fire smoke of higher concentration in local.This can cause tunnel to block, the harm such as visibility reduction.Above 2 fire smokes that result under conventional ventilating system work in tunnel still can cause high risks to evacuation personnel, very unfavorable to the personnel escape in tunnel.In fact, when fire occurs, personnel are the lower space in tunnel for the tunnel space of escaping in fact, instead of whole tunnel space.So only need to ensure tunnel lower space, or even a part for lower space is clean, and other segment spaces can allow Smoke component.
For above analysis, inventors herein propose following several national inventing patent applications: (application number: 201110415014.6), is shown in Fig. 2 to building element edge safe escape system for closed airflow channel; (application number: 201110415395.8), is shown in Fig. 3 to building element safe evacuation system for airflow closed channel in middle; A kind of L-type building element edge safe escape system for closed airflow channel (application number: 201110415394.3) see Fig. 4; A kind of L-type building element safe evacuation system for airflow closed channel in middle (application number: 201110415567.1) see Fig. 5; Smoke protection system for stairwell (application number: 201010580513.6) see Fig. 6; But these schemes all encounter following problem in the specific implementation: because these systems are all by up and down to the form of blowing, simultaneously to building gallery or the air-supply of tunnel lower space, all need to arrange top and two, bottom step-down case.Carry out reserved or secondary excavation to the top in tunnel and lower space when tunnelling with regard to needing like this, it takes up room greatly, and secondary excavation amount is excessive, causes performance difficulty simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existed in above-mentioned prior art or deficiency, the object of the invention is to, a kind of respiratory region is provided to blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft, this system is by being arranged on one group of plenum chamber at position, corner, tunnel respectively to two nozzle outlet air supplies, the jetting stream of these two spouts plays supply evacuation personnel respiratory region oxygen respectively and maintains the effect of malleation in passway for escaping, forms the fire drill through whole tunnel with this.This escape system, compared with existing escape system, not only can ensure to form effective passway for escaping in tunnel, and only needs to arrange plenum chamber at the edge in tunnel, significantly decreases tunnel excavation amount.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region, comprise plenum chamber, air-supply airduct and smoke barrier, wherein, described plenum chamber is arranged in the wall of side, tunnel, and plenum chamber is connected with air-supply airduct, and airduct of blowing is given a dinner for a visitor from afar machine; Plenum chamber lower end is provided with the first spout and the second spout; Described second spout is flaring type spout and the second spout is horizontally disposed with towards tunnel; The air-supply of the first spout is towards obliquely, and the outlet of the second spout is positioned at above the outlet of the first spout; Described smoke barrier is horizontally set on the upper edge of the outlet of the second spout; The air supply velocity of described first spout is 0.3m/s; The air-supply speed of the second spout is 0.7m/s.
The present invention also comprises following other technologies feature:
The air-supply of described first spout is towards being 10 ° ~ 50 ° with vertical direction angle.
The air-supply of described first spout is towards being 30 ° with vertical direction angle.
The outlet of described first spout and inlet area ratio are 3:1.
Highly 2m is chosen residing for described smoke barrier; The width of smoke barrier is 0.5m.
The exit width of described first spout is 0.3m; The exit width of the second spout is 0.5m.
Compared with prior art, the respiratory region of the present invention tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft of blowing has following advantage:
1, this escape system only needs one group of plenum chamber compared with aforementioned system, and two groups of scenery resource quality positions are more close simultaneously, so just significantly decreases tunnel excavation amount, decreases difficulty of construction.
2, clashed by the air circulation jet Zhi Chui human body respiration district of the second spout, guarantee the new wind demand of escape personnel, reduce the suffocating of causing because oxygen deficiency; By the first corner, spout tunnel air-supply, thus form zone of positive pressure, get rid of the fire smoke of the passway for escaping accidentally entered because of pulsating nature; Anti-buoyant jet is stopped by the combination of smoke-proof pendant wall and the second spout and the second nozzle outlet air supply.By stopping entering of this part smoke gas jet, can the air output of corresponding minimizing first spout and the second spout.Through as above process, thus finally form the passway for escaping that runs through a whole tunnel.Through test, the CO concentration in the escape region, tunnel that system of the present invention is built is significantly less than the CO concentration of other homogeneous system existing.
3, through test, this system is not by the restriction of fire location, and the time forming passway for escaping used in tunnel after startup is short.
Below by way of the drawings and specific embodiments, further explanation is explained to the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing five kinds of Tunnel Ventilation Systems.Wherein, Fig. 1 (a) is natural ventilation system; Fig. 1 (b) is longitudinal exhausting system; Fig. 1 (c) is air-exhaust type transversal ventilation system; Fig. 1 (d) is blast type transversal ventilation system; Fig. 1 (e) is full transversal ventilation system.
Fig. 2 is building element edge safe escape system for closed airflow channel.
Fig. 3 is building element safe evacuation system for airflow closed channel in middle.
Fig. 4 is a kind of L-type building element edge safe escape system for closed airflow channel.
Fig. 5 is a kind of L-type building element safe evacuation system for airflow closed channel in middle.
Fig. 6 is smoke protection system for stairwell.
Fig. 7 blows the structural representation of the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region of the present invention.
Fig. 8 blows the profile of the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the optimization schematic diagram of the present invention first spout 3 and vertical direction angle.
Figure 10 blows the system speed field schematic diagram of the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that first and second nozzle outlet air supply wind speed is than optimizing schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is the first spout and the second nozzle outlet air supply air speed value optimised schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is that in the escape space built of system and the legacy system of the tunnel fire hazard escape system that respiratory region of the present invention air-supply combines with forced draft, CO concentration value size compares schematic diagram.
Figure 14 blows CO concentration field schematic diagram in escape space that the system of the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft and legacy system build in respiratory region of the present invention.Wherein, 14(a) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of system of the present invention; 14(b) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of longitudinal exhausting system; 14(c) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of gravity-flow ventilation blast type system; 14(d) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of blast type semi-transverse ventilation system; 14(e) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of air-exhaust type semi-transverse ventilation system; 14(f) be CO concentration field in the escape space built of full transversal ventilation system.Figure 15 be under different fire location respiratory region of the present invention blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft system build CO concentration schematic diagram in passway for escaping.
Figure 16 is the CO concentration schematic diagram that under different time of fire alarming, blow in passway for escaping that the tunnel fire hazard escape system that combines with forced draft formed in respiratory region of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region of the present invention, comprises plenum chamber 1, air-supply airduct 2 and smoke barrier 5, wherein, described plenum chamber 1 is arranged in the wall of side, tunnel, and plenum chamber 1 is connected with air-supply airduct 2, and airduct 2 of blowing is given a dinner for a visitor from afar machine; Plenum chamber 1 lower end is provided with the first spout 3 and the second spout 4; Described second spout 4 is flaring type spout and the second spout 4 is horizontally disposed with towards tunnel, and the area ratio of this flaring type spout outlet place and porch is 3:1; The air-supply of the first spout 3 is towards obliquely and be 10 ° ~ 50 ° with vertical direction angle, and the outlet of the second spout 4 is positioned at above the outlet of the first spout 3; Described smoke barrier 5 is horizontally set on the upper edge of the outlet of the second spout 4.
After deliberation, the air-supply of described first spout 3 affects very large towards the angle with vertical direction on the CO concentration in built passway for escaping, therefore, inventor has carried out lot of experiments for the CO concentration in passway for escaping under different angle, obtain angle as shown in Figure 9 to the influence curve of CO concentration, can see, when the first spout 3 is within the scope of 10 ° ~ 50 ° with vertical direction angle, CO concentration in passway for escaping is less, and 30 ° time, CO concentration is minimum.
Second spout 4 be used for just to human body respiration district also namely 1.5m to 2m scope blow, therefore the second spout 4 is horizontally disposed with, and is highly respectively 2m, 1.5m residing for the upper and lower edge of the outlet of the second spout 4.Through test, if the outlet of the first spout 4 and inlet area ratio too small (such as 1:1), the current-sharing effect of plenum chamber 5 can be affected, cause the air-supply wind-force in human body respiration district uneven; Ratio excessive (as 5:1) then can cause coefficient of partial resistance strengthen and produce noise.Therefore, the present invention consider choose outlet and inlet area than be 3:1, under this ratio, not only can not affect the current-sharing effect of plenum chamber but also coefficient of partial resistance can not be caused to strengthen, and produce noise.
Smoke barrier 5, for stopping the anti-buoyant jet that fire smoke is formed, considers the blocking effect of smoke barrier 5 and avoids affecting personnel and move in tunnel, residing for smoke barrier 5, highly choosing 2m; The width of smoke barrier 5 is selected: width too conference takies space in a large amount of tunnel, affects normal train passage, reduces the formation effect of fire escape simultaneously; Width is too little, forms escape way not.Therefore, it is 0.5m that the present invention chooses width, thus neither affects evacuation personnel and pass through, and can play again well gear cigarette effect, and personnel when not affecting evacuation passes through.
The tunnel fire hazard escape system that combines with forced draft of being blown respiratory region of the present invention is applied to tunnel when escaping, perform according to air shaft segmentation original in tunnel, be a transit tunnel with the tunnel construction sections between adjacent two air shafts, at the side wall interiors of this transit tunnel, plenum chamber 1 is set, the second spout 4 arranged bottom plenum chamber 1 and the first spout 3 towards tunnel, and are horizontally disposed with smoke barrier 5 at the upper edge place of the opening of the second spout 4.Each transit tunnel in tunnel all does same setting.When fire occurs, in tunnel all transit tunnel air shaft in fresh air by blower fan suction air-supply airduct 2 and then send in the plenum chamber 1 of this transit tunnel, the first spout 4 that plenum chamber 1 is arranged and the wind outlet of the second spout 3 form one section of passway for escaping, thus form a passway for escaping through this tunnel (see Figure 11) in whole tunnel.
First spout 4, second spout 3 and smoke barrier 5 acting in conjunction when forming passway for escaping, the air circulation jet Zhi Chui human body respiration district of the second spout 4, guarantees the new wind demand of escape personnel, to reduce the suffocating of causing because oxygen deficiency; See Figure 10, the first spout 3 to corner, the tunnel air-supply below the second spout 4, thus forms zone of positive pressure, gets rid of the fire smoke of the passway for escaping accidentally entered because of pulsating nature.Two spouts are indispensable, lack the second spout 4 and cannot to ensure respiration the flue gas content in district, lack the first spout 3 and cannot get rid of flue gas stream because accidentalia enters.The combination of being blown by smoke-proof pendant wall 5 and the first spout 3 and the second spout 4 stops anti-buoyant jet, by stopping entering of this part smoke gas jet, and can the air output of corresponding minimizing first spout 3 and the second spout 4.
After deliberation, the first spout 3 and the second spout 4 are because its air supply direction is different and present position is different, and its air supply velocity ought to be different.In order to obtain the optimization data of the first spout and the second nozzle outlet air supply speed, test nine kinds of different air-supply ratios here.Through test, obtain air supply velocity as shown in figure 11 to CO concentration influence curve, can see, the air supply velocity of two spouts all changes to 1m/s from 0m/s.The air supply velocity of the first spout 3 that V1 represents in figure, the air supply velocity of what V2 represented is the second spout 4.Can find out, the CO maximum volume concentration in BTES passway for escaping is minimum when the air-supply ratio of first and second spout is 3:7.That is rate value 0.43 is optimal value.
When two areas of injection orifice are identical, air output is larger, and the rate of ventilation in tunnel is also larger, and the ability of corresponding out contaminants is stronger.But from the viewpoint of cost, the air supply velocity of first and second spout can not unconfinedly increase.So best situation blows speed enough greatly, in the passway for escaping that BTES can be made to build, CO value just meets the demands.So, here for maximum rate of heat release 35MW, have studied two minimum air supply velocities of spout that maximum volume CO concentration value in passway for escaping can be made up to standard.
When two areas of injection orifice are identical, we can show that CO concentration in the passway for escaping of blowing respiratory region the tunnel fire hazard escape system that combines with forced draft building increases along with the increase of the air supply velocity of the first spout and the second spout.Continue to use two nozzle outlet air supply ratios of above-mentioned discussion, when the air supply velocity of the first spout and the second spout reaches 0.3m/s and 0.7m/s respectively, the maximum CO concentration value in passway for escaping is that 9.88PPM(is shown in Figure 12).This concentration value is less than aforesaid standards setting 10PPM.So the present invention adopts the first nozzle outlet air supply speed to be 0.3m/s.Second nozzle outlet air supply speed is 0.7m/s.
Embodiment:
Below provide specific embodiments of the invention, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiment, all equivalents done on technical scheme basis all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Defer to technique scheme, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, the width of smoke barrier 5 is 0.5m; Plenum chamber 1 sectional dimension is 2m × 1m; Air-supply airduct 2 cross sectional dimensions 0.5m × 0.5m.First spout 3 and the second spout 4 air supply velocity are respectively 0.7m/s and 0.3m/s.The width of the outlet of the first spout 3 is 0.3m, is 30 ° with vertical direction angle; The width of the outlet of the second spout 4 is 0.5m, and the long-pending ratio of outlet and inlet face is 3:1.
Through test, as shown in FIG. 13 and 14, after the tunnel fire hazard escape system adopting the respiratory region of the present embodiment to blow to combine with forced draft, the CO concentration in escape region, tunnel is obviously little than adopting the CO concentration value of other legacy systems, respiratory region CO concentration in the tunnel after the tunnel fire hazard escape system that combines with forced draft of blowing is adopted to be only and to adopt after natural ventilation system 0.48% of CO in tunnel, for 0.54% of CO in tunnel after employing longitudinal exhausting system, for 0.58% of CO in tunnel after employing blowing-type semi-transverse ventilation system, for 0.76% of CO in tunnel after employing air draft type semi-transverse ventilation system, for adopting after full transversal ventilation system 0.80% of CO in tunnel.
As shown in figure 15, no matter blow in burning things which may cause a fire disaster distance employing respiratory region, how far the position of the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft has, and the CO concentration in passway for escaping changes hardly.This represents that the CO concentration in escape tunnel is insensitive to fire location.The personnel simultaneously showing to adopt respiratory region air-supply and the tunnel fire hazard escape system that forced draft combines to have the ability to evacuate fire under different fire location condition to occur in tunnel afterwards.
As shown in figure 16, the fire alarm time is that fire is from occurring to warning institute elapsed time.Time of fire alarming is a very important parameter, because which determine, when ventilating system brings into operation.Under the different fire alarm time, adopt respiratory region blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system that combines with forced draft form time needed for passway for escaping no longer than 10s.So can think that respiratory region air-supply can both normally work under different time of fire alarming from the tunnel fire hazard escape system that forced draft combines.Also after namely when fire occurs one section, open system also can form fire escape in time thus facilitate crowd evacuation again.
Claims (6)
1. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in a respiratory region, it is characterized in that, comprise plenum chamber (1), air-supply airduct (2) and smoke barrier (5), wherein, described plenum chamber (1) is arranged in the wall of side, tunnel, plenum chamber (1) is connected with air-supply airduct (2), and airduct (2) of blowing is given a dinner for a visitor from afar machine; Plenum chamber (1) lower end is provided with the first spout (3) and the second spout (4); Described second spout (4) for flaring type spout and the second spout (4) be horizontally disposed with towards tunnel; The air-supply of the first spout (3) is towards obliquely, and the outlet of the second spout (4) is positioned at above the outlet of the first spout (3); Described smoke barrier (5) is horizontally set on the upper edge of the outlet of the second spout (4); The air supply velocity of described first spout (3) is 0.3m/s; The air supply velocity of the second spout (4) is 0.7m/s.
2. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that, the air-supply of described first spout (3) is 10 ° ~ 50 ° towards the angle with vertical direction.
3. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and it is characterized in that, the air-supply of described first spout (3) is 30 ° towards the angle with vertical direction.
4. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that, outlet and the inlet area ratio of described second spout (4) are 3:1.
5. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that, described smoke barrier highly chooses 2m residing for (5); The width of smoke barrier (5) is 0.5m.
6. blow the tunnel fire hazard escape system combined with forced draft in respiratory region as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that, the exit width of described first spout (3) is 0.3m; The exit width of the second spout (4) is 0.5m.
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| CN201310150562.XA CN103245029B (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Breathing zone air supply and forced draft combined tunnel fire escape system |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101737076A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉大学 | Sectional type tunnel smoke exhaust system and method by water curtain separation |
| CN201982130U (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-09-21 | 浙江金盾风机风冷设备有限公司 | Automatic and intelligent smoke discharging system for air ports of subway |
| CN202560283U (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-11-28 | 耿秀 | Coal mine gas, explosion smoke and dust separation and ventilation device |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3695036B2 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 2005-09-14 | 株式会社間組 | Method of exhausting smoke by tunnel ventilation |
| JP3860784B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2006-12-20 | 独立行政法人土木研究所 | Ventilation device and method for widening construction of existing tunnel |
| JP4288119B2 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2009-07-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Tunnel ventilation control system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101737076A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉大学 | Sectional type tunnel smoke exhaust system and method by water curtain separation |
| CN201982130U (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-09-21 | 浙江金盾风机风冷设备有限公司 | Automatic and intelligent smoke discharging system for air ports of subway |
| CN202560283U (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-11-28 | 耿秀 | Coal mine gas, explosion smoke and dust separation and ventilation device |
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