CN103242934A - Ionic liquid/vegetable oil microemulsion type biological lubricant base oil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ionic liquid/vegetable oil microemulsion type biological lubricant base oil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses ionic liquid/vegetable oil microemulsion type biological lubricant base oil and a preparation method thereof. The ionic liquid/vegetable oil microemulsion type biological lubricant base oil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of ionic liquid, 1-30 parts of vegetable oil and 1.5-68 parts of surfactant, wherein the amount of cosurfactant is 0-12 times more than that of the ionic liquid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: evenly mixing the surfactant and the cosurfactant; evenly mixing the obtained mixture and the vegetable oil; and dropwisely adding a certain amount of ionic liquid into the oil-containing mixture to obtain a transparent homogeneous reversed-phase ionic liquid microemulsion system. The microemulsion has high stability; the raw material sources are green and environment-friendly; and the obtained lubricant base oil has excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics, heat stability and nano additive compatibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological lubricating oil, particularly relate to biological lubricant base of a kind of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type and preparation method thereof, specifically refer to the vegetables oil to be nonpolar phase, be polar phase with the ionic liquid, adopt micro-emulsion technology to prepare a kind of new bio lubricant base.
Background technology
The reinforcement of development of high-tech and environmental regulation is had higher requirement to performance and the environment compatibility of lubricant.The tradition oil-based lubricant not only faces grave danger of scarcity of resources, simultaneously also be difficult to satisfy the environment compatibility requirement, therefore replace mineral oil with resourceful crude vegetal, developing high performance biological lubricant base has important role to new and high technology innovation and the strategy of sustainable development.Vegetables oil is the triglyceride that is formed by glycerine and lipid acid chemical combination, contains a large amount of unsaturated double-bonds in its structure and makes vegetables oil have good viscosity-temperature characteristic, thereby have outstanding lubricity.Yet thermo-oxidative stability is poor, the viscosity height but is to influence the unfavorable factor that vegetables oil directly is used as lubricant.
Ionic liquid receives increasing research and concern as a kind of novel medium and material with many excellent physical chemistry in the novel lubricant field.Advantages such as its fusing point is low, non-volatile, liquid temperature wide ranges, Heat stability is good, dissolving power is strong, character is adjustable make it possess the primary condition that becomes a kind of excellent property lubricant.At present, existing correlative study shows that different types of imidazole type ion liquid has excellent lubricating property.Yet, the drawbacks limit of the consistency difference of ionic liquid and multiple additives its development in field of lubricant.In addition, the intermiscibility of a lot of ionic liquids and non-polar solvent is extreme difference also, and this has also limited ionic liquid and has used more widely at other field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome shortcomings such as the vegetables oil thermo-oxidative stability is poor, viscosity height, propose that a kind of thermo-oxidative stability is good, viscosity-temperature index is high and biodegradable lubricant base and preparation method thereof.
Microemulsion is by spontaneous in the proper ratio transparent (or translucent), low-viscosity and isotropic thermodynamic stable systems that forms of component such as water, oil, tensio-active agent and cosurfactants.Since nineteen forty-three reported first microemulsion, about the research of microemulsion with use and receive much concern always.The prepared biological lubricant base of the present invention is become to be grouped into by vegetables oil, ionic liquid, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant etc., obtains evenly single reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system by reasonable modulation.Ionic liquid combined with tensio-active agent, non-polar solvent also can form thermodynamically stable, transparent microemulsion system.The range of application of ionic liquid has been widened in this discovery to a great extent, thereby develops into a research neck brand-new, that have application prospect.Be nonpolar phase with the vegetables oil, be polar phase with the ionic liquid, adopt the biological lubricant base of micro-emulsion technology preparation, can overcome that the vegetables oil thermo-oxidative stability is poor, viscosity height, facile hydrolysis but wait shortcoming, promote its viscosity-temperature characteristic, thereby have outstanding lubricity and biodegradability, and this system satisfies requirements of green environmental protection.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, its composition comprises 1 part of ionic liquid, vegetables oil 1-30 part, 1.5～68 parts in tensio-active agent; Described ionic liquid is one or more in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole bromine salt, 1-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate salt and the 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; Described vegetables oil is one or more in soybean oil, Viscotrol C, Cortex jatrophae oil, sunflower seed oil, Rice pollard oil and the plam oil; Described tensio-active agent is one or more in octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate, alkyl glycoside and the 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite;
When described tensio-active agent was octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7 and/or 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, described biological lubricant base also comprised 0～12 part of cosurfactant;
When described tensio-active agent is in cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate and the alkyl glycoside 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite one or more; Or when described tensio-active agent is one or more mixture in octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7 or 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate and the alkyl glycoside 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, in mass fraction, described biological lubricant base also comprises 1～12 part of cosurfactant;
The biological lubricant base of this ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type is transparent liquid, dissolves each other with nanometer copper, nano-graphite and lime borate nano lubricating oil additive at normal temperatures.
The preparation method of the biological lubricant base of described ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type comprises the steps:
1) with tensio-active agent and cosurfactant after mixing under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature condition, obtain the mixture of clear;
2) mixture and the vegetables oil with the clear that obtains mixes under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature condition, is prepared into the oil mixture of clear;
3) under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature and agitation condition, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, mix,, obtain the biological lubricant base of the ionic liquid of transparent homogeneous phase/vegetables oil microemulsion type.
Be further to realize the object of the invention, step 1) is described to mix is to stir with 300～1200 rev/mins stirring velocity to realize in 5～10 minutes.Step 2) described mixing also is to stir with 300～1200 rev/mins stirring velocity to realize in 5～10 minutes.The rotating speed of the described stirring of step 3) is 300～1200 rev/mins, and the time is 20～40 minutes.
The relative prior art of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention utilizes the biological lubricant base of environmental type raw material substitution petroleum base feedstock production, raw material reagent aboundresources, and environmental pollution is little.The present invention not only can solve the nervous problem of present stage petroleum resources, satisfies environmental requirement simultaneously.
(2) the biological lubricant base of the prepared novel ion liquid micro-emulsion type of the present invention has excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics and thermostability, efficiently solves the shortcoming of vegetables oil viscosity-temperature characteristics and poor heat stability when using as lubricant separately.
(3) the prepared biological lubricant base of novel ion liquid micro-emulsion type of the present invention can dissolve each other with multiple additives, at the nanometer additive that can strengthen lubricant effect, has excellent mutual solubility.Efficiently solve the immiscible defective of ionic liquid and additive, also improved the lubricant effect of lubricant greatly.
(4) the prepared biological lubricant base of novel ion liquid micro-emulsion type of the present invention, the preparation method is simple, and is easy to operate, is easy to control, and production cost is low.
Embodiment
Be further described below in conjunction with the present invention of embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 30 parts of soybean oil, 68 parts of tensio-active agent octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7s, 12 parts of cosurfactant Virahols.
Under 20 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant are mixed, 300 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 5 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 300 rev/mins rotating speed agitation condition, the oil phase soybean oil is added in the mixture, stirred 5 minutes, be prepared into the oil mixture of clear.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, stirred 20 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
Embodiment 2
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole bromine salt, 1 part of Viscotrol C, 1.35 parts of tensio-active agent octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7s, 0.15 part of tensio-active agent cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 6 parts of cosurfactant propyl carbinols.
Under 100 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant are mixed, 750 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 8 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 750 rev/mins of agitation conditions, the oil phase Viscotrol C is added in the mixture, stirred 8 minutes, be prepared into oil mixture.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, stirred 40 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 15 parts of Rice pollard oils, 32.67 parts of tensio-active agent octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7s, 0.33 part of tensio-active agent 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, 1 part of cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol.
Under 60 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent is mixed, 1200 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 10 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 1200 rev/mins of agitation conditions, oil phase is added in the mixture, stirred 10 minutes, be prepared into oil mixture.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil-containing, drip ionic liquid, stirred 30 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.。Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1
Embodiment 4
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, 30 parts of plam oils, 10 parts of tensio-active agent cetyl trimethylammonium bromides, 10 parts of tensio-active agent 1-hexadecyls-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, 12 parts of cosurfactant nonylcarbinols.
Under 20 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant are mixed, 300 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 5 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 300 rev/mins rotating speed agitation condition, oil phase is added in the mixture, stirred 5 minutes, be prepared into the oil mixture of clear.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, stirred 20 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
Embodiment 5
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate salt, 30 parts of rapeseed oils, 20 parts of tensio-active agent 1-hexadecyls-3-Methylimidazole villaumite.
Under 100 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant are mixed, 750 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 8 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 750 rev/mins of agitation conditions, oil phase is added in the mixture, stirred 8 minutes, be prepared into oil mixture.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, stirred 40 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
Embodiment 6
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, 1 part of ionic liquid 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 30 parts of Cortex jatrophae oil, 32 parts of tensio-active agent 1-hexadecyls-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, 32 parts of two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonates of tensio-active agent 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole, 12 parts of cosurfactant Pentyl alcohols.
Under 60 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent is mixed, 1200 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 10 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 1200 rev/mins of agitation conditions, oil phase is added in the mixture, stirred 10 minutes, be prepared into oil mixture.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil-containing, drip ionic liquid, stirred 30 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
Embodiment 7
Component and the consumption thereof of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type: in mass fraction, 1 part of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 30 parts of epoxy soybean oils, 68 parts of tensio-active agent octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7s, 32 parts of tensio-active agent alkyl glycoside, 12 parts of cosurfactant n-Octanols.
Under 20 ℃ of conditions, tensio-active agent and cosurfactant are mixed, 300 rev/mins of stirring velocitys stirred 5 minutes, obtained the mixture of clear.Under 300 rev/mins rotating speed agitation condition, oil phase is added in the mixture, stirred 5 minutes, be prepared into the oil mixture of clear.Keep temperature and stirring velocity constant, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, stirred 20 minutes, obtain the reversed phase ion liquid microemulsion system of transparent homogeneous phase, namely can be used as biological lubricant base.Chemical reaction does not take place in preparation process of the present invention, and is easy to operate, and experimental installation is simple and energy consumption is low.Raw material for the preparation of lubricant base all has stronger biological degradability, has avoided environmental pollution damage.The lubricant base of gained microemulsified can make nanometer additive stable dispersion in system such as nanometer copper, nano-graphite, lime borate, has significantly improved antifriction, the abrasion resistance of lubricating oil.The performance perameter of this lubricant base sees Table 1.
The various performance parameters of table 1 gained lubricant base
As shown in Table 1, the lubricant base viscosity-temperature index of gained of the present invention is higher than the vegetables oil viscosity-temperature index that is used alone as lubricant base all more than 80.The oxidative stability test result shows, the gained base oil after oxidation, the viscosity velocity of variation is lower.
The detection method of various performance parameters is as follows in the table 1:
(1) microemulsion outward appearance: range estimation.
(2) microemulsion emulsifying stability: centrifuging.The microemulsion for preparing among the embodiment 1-3 placed 40 ℃ one week of biochemical incubator.Each takes out 6ml and places centrifuge tube, and centrifugal 15min under 3000 rev/mins of speed observes whether layering of sample.If no layering, interpret sample is stable microemulsion liquid.
(3) particle diameter: Ma Erwen laser particle analyzer test.
(4) viscosity: rotational viscosimeter NDJ-5S test.
(5) oxidative stability: viscosity velocity of variation method.Sample thief 10g is positioned in 200 ℃ of constant temperature oil baths, bubbling air 12h, and air flow quantity is 15L/h, 40 ℃ of viscosity numbers after the mensuration formation testing oxidation are weighed oxidation of lubricating oil stability with the viscosity velocity of variation before and after the oxidation.
Above-described embodiment is preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the examples; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type, it is characterized in that: in mass fraction, its composition comprises 1 part of ionic liquid, vegetables oil 1-30 part, 1.5～68 parts in tensio-active agent; Described ionic liquid is one or more in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole bromine salt, 1-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate salt and the 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; Described vegetables oil is one or more in soybean oil, Viscotrol C, Cortex jatrophae oil, sunflower seed oil, Rice pollard oil and the plam oil; Described tensio-active agent is one or more in octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate, alkyl glycoside and the 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite;
When described tensio-active agent was octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7 and/or 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, described biological lubricant base also comprised 0～12 part of cosurfactant;
When described tensio-active agent is in cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate and the alkyl glycoside 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite one or more; Or when described tensio-active agent is one or more mixture in octyl phenyl Soxylat A 25-7 or 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, two (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sodium sulfonate and the alkyl glycoside 1-hexadecyl-3-Methylimidazole villaumite, in mass fraction, described biological lubricant base also comprises 1～12 part of cosurfactant;
Described cosurfactant is one or more in Virahol, propyl carbinol, Pentyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, n-Octanol and the nonylcarbinol;
The biological lubricant base of this ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type is transparent liquid, dissolves each other with nanometer copper, nano-graphite and lime borate nano lubricating oil additive at normal temperatures.
2. the preparation method of the biological lubricant base of the described ionic liquid of claim 1/vegetables oil microemulsion type is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) with tensio-active agent and cosurfactant after mixing under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature condition, obtain the mixture of clear;
2) mixture and the vegetables oil with the clear that obtains mixes under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature condition, is prepared into the oil mixture of clear;
3) under 20 ℃～100 ℃ temperature and agitation condition, in oil mixture, drip ionic liquid, mix, obtain the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid/vegetables oil microemulsion type of transparent homogeneous phase.
3. the preparation method of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid according to claim 2/vegetables oil microemulsion type is characterized in that: step 1) is described to mix is to stir with 300～1200 rev/mins stirring velocity to realize in 5～10 minutes.
4. the preparation method of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid according to claim 2/vegetables oil microemulsion type is characterized in that: step 2) described mixing be to stir with 300～1200 rev/mins stirring velocity to realize in 5～10 minutes.
5. the preparation method of the biological lubricant base of ionic liquid according to claim 2/vegetables oil microemulsion type, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of the described stirring of step 3) is 300～1200 rev/mins, the time is 20～40 minutes.
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