CN103234838B - Experimental method and apparatus for shearing of structural surface of columnar jointing - Google Patents
Experimental method and apparatus for shearing of structural surface of columnar jointing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103234838B CN103234838B CN201310124587.2A CN201310124587A CN103234838B CN 103234838 B CN103234838 B CN 103234838B CN 201310124587 A CN201310124587 A CN 201310124587A CN 103234838 B CN103234838 B CN 103234838B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method for shearing of a structural surface of a columnar jointing. The method comprises adjusting a rock structural surface to be located in a shearing seam of upper and lower shearing boxes; sleeving screw sleeves to five internally-inserted vertical screws, using plastic films to separate and wrap; vertically moving the internally-inserted vertical screws through adjusting rods, so that the structural surface of the columnar jointing rock is located between the shearing seam; selecting proportional epoxy resin mortar to form epoxy resin mortar; and pouring the epoxy resin mortar into the upper and lower shearing boxes for cooling and solidification. The invention further discloses an experimental apparatus comprises the upper and lower shearing boxes, the internally-inserted vertical screws and the adjusting rods, wherein a bottom of the lower shearing box is provided with vertical screw holes, walls of the lower shearing box are provided with horizontal screw holes, and contacted parts of the adjusting rods and the internally-inserted vertical screws form worm structures. According to the invention, fine adjustment of the rock position can be realized, a surface of the epoxy resin mortar can be always maintain as a plain, a molding is relatively good, problems of rock sinking in cement mortar can be solved, and thus the structural surface of the rock can be easily positioned.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics field, the experimental technique that especially a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, also relate to the experimental provision that a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, be applicable to shearing experiment occasion when irregular rock comprises irregular joint plane.
Background technology
There is a large amount of structural planes in rock mass, cause rock mass very easily to deform destruction, the therefore mechanical property of structural plane, the especially determination of shearing strength along these structural planes, be one of emphasis of Mechanical property research always.And the upper and lower shear box of traditional boxshear apparatus mainly designs for the feature of soil, for rock, such as prismatic jointing, irregular block occupies the majority, and is difficult to carry out direct shear test, if will shearing experiment be carried out, just must by means of shear box.But adopt traditional shear box, when needs are sheared along structural plane, structural plane and shear stitch between the bad control in position, and this also relates to the success or failure of experiment, simultaneously traditional sand-cement slurry cooling velocity is slow, and sillar very easily sinks in sand-cement slurry, and the structural plane position of having good positioning very easily is misplaced, cause the failure of an experiment, therefore design a kind of structural plane shearing experiment device for irregular rock imperative.
The vertical screw of interpolation of different length is added in shear box, tentatively control the position of sillar, simultaneously by rotating built-in adjuster bar, make the rotation between screw thread with vertical screw on adjuster bar, thus realizing the fine setting of sillar position, the adjuster bar of diverse location can regulate simultaneously also can regulate respectively; Adopt epoxy resin mortar to replace sand-cement slurry, epoxy resin mortar not only cooling velocity is fast, and as the liquid flowed, surface can remain plane, better shaping; Adjuster bar is combined with epoxy resin, the problem that sillar sinks in sand-cement slurry can be solved, make the structural plane of sillar be easy to location.Based on above thought, devise experimental technique and device that this kind carries out prismatic jointing shear test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problems referred to above being to exist for prior art, the experimental provision that a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared is provided, additionally provide the experimental technique that a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, to solve in prior art irregular joint plane in irregular rock and be difficult to the problem of locating.
The experimental technique that prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared,
Step 1, the red pen of the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar to be marked, be placed in down cut box, according to the size of sillar and the position of shear surface, select the vertical screw of interpolation of appropriate length, regulate the height of the vertical screw of interpolation in down cut box, be sillar structural plane is positioned at shear seam simultaneously;
Step 2, take off sillar, turnbuckle is inserted in five vertical screws of interpolation, with plastic sheeting by upper shear box and down cut box inwall parcel, then sillar is put into down cut box again;
Step 3, to be inserted in horizontal screw-socket by adjuster bar, and contact with the vertical screw of interpolation, rotation adjusting lever, the vertical screw of interpolation is moved up and down, makes red line on sillar, namely the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar is between shearing seam; After adjustment completes, adjuster bar is taken out in horizontal screw-socket;
The mass ratio of step 4, epoxy resin mortar component is, epoxy resin: cement: fine sand: ethylenediamine: dibutyl ester=1:3.5 ~ 4:3 ~ 4:0.05 ~ 0.1:0.1, first take cement, fine sand in proportion, bank up after stirring for subsequent use, stir after taking epoxy resin, dibutyl ester, ethylenediamine successively in proportion formation epoxy base fluid, the even thing of cement and fine sand is poured into, uniform stirring again, form epoxy resin mortar;
The lower edge of step 5, fixing upper shear box with on down cut box along parallel, form to shear between the lower edge of fixing upper shear box and the upper edge of down cut box and stitch, epoxy resin mortar is poured in down cut box, when epoxy resin sand Starch Level arrive down cut box on along time can stop, cooling 20 ~ 30 hours;
Step 6, to be filled into by paraffin and to shear in seam, make paraffin and prismatic jointing sillar be positioned at the part shearing seam place simultaneously and fit, up shear box pours epoxy resin mortar into, in arrival on shear box along time stopping, cooling 20 ~ 30 hours;
Step 7, this sample to be placed on testing machine, and to apply corresponding normal stress and can carry out shearing experiment.
The experimental provision that a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, comprise shear box and down cut box, also comprise the vertical screw of interpolation and adjuster bar, described down cut box is upper shed, the bottom of down cut box is provided with vertical screw-socket, the box wall of down cut box is provided with horizontal screw-socket, the vertical screw of interpolation passes vertical screw-socket and vertically places, the external thread of the vertical screw of interpolation is adaptive with the internal thread of vertical screw-socket, adjuster bar contacts with the vertical screw of interpolation through horizontal screw-socket, the part that adjuster bar contacts with the vertical screw of interpolation forms worm structure, the vertical screw of interpolation can be driven to be elevated vertically by the rotation of adjuster bar, upper shear box is under shed, upper shear box places the top of 10 centimetres, distance down cut box.
The number of the vertical screw of interpolation as above is 5, is evenly distributed in down cut box, and the number screw vertical with interpolation of adjuster bar is adaptive.
Long 150 millimeters of upper shear box as above, wide 150 millimeters, the degree of depth 75 millimeters; Long 150 millimeters of described down cut box, wide 150 millimeters, the degree of depth 75 millimeters; The length of the vertical screw of described interpolation is 2 centimetres-8 centimetres.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages: the present invention adds the vertical screw of different length in shear box, tentatively control the position of sillar, simultaneously by rotating built-in adjuster bar, make the rotation between screw thread with vertical screw on adjuster bar, thus realizing the fine setting of sillar position, the adjuster bar of diverse location can regulate simultaneously also can regulate respectively; Adopt epoxy resin mortar to replace sand-cement slurry, epoxy resin mortar not only cooling velocity is fast, and as the liquid flowed, surface can remain plane, better shaping; Adjuster bar is combined with epoxy resin, the problem that sillar sinks in sand-cement slurry can be solved, make the structural plane of sillar be easy to location.Based on above thought, devise experimental provision and method that this kind carries out prismatic jointing shear test.The shearing sample that its structure is simple, easy to operate, can obtain prismatic jointing structural plane efficiently and effectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of shear box in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is down cut box of the present invention and inner structure schematic diagram.
In figure: the upper shear box of 1-; 2-down cut box; The vertical screw-socket of 3-; The vertical screw of 4-interpolation; 5-horizontal screw-socket; 6-adjuster bar; 8-plastic sheeting; 9-turnbuckle.
Embodiment
The experimental provision that a kind of prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, comprise shear box 1(150mm × 150mm × 75mm) and down cut box 2(150mm × 150mm × 75mm), five vertical screw-sockets 3 are evenly distributed bottom down cut box 2, can the vertical screw 4 of interpolation, the preliminary adjustment of different size prismatic jointings sillar is realized by the screw of different length (2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 8cm); Down cut box two ends distribute five horizontal screw-sockets 5, can interpolation adjuster bar 6, horizontal screw-socket 5 diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of adjuster bar 6, adjuster bar 6 can be pulled down after adjustment completes, by rotation adjusting lever 6, realize the rotation between screw thread with vertical screw 4 on adjuster bar 6, realize the fine setting of sillar position, make its structural plane and be positioned to shear to stitch (shear and stitch high 10cm, be positioned in the middle part of shear box and down cut box), and be parallel to shearing seam;
The coagulating agent put inside upper shear box 1 and down cut box 2 is epoxy resin mortar;
Epoxy resin is flexible glue, and it is a kind of liquid type, two component, soft self-drying type flexible glue, colourless, transparent, have elasticity, and namely slight scratching surface resiles voluntarily;
Epoxy resin mortar mortar is solution epoxy resin and sand-cement slurry mixed according to a certain percentage, and during simple cement condensation, its structural stability depends primarily on hydrated particle spacing and interparticle interaction force.And after adding epoxy resin, due to the effect of the hydrophilic group such as hydroxyl, ester group, polymkeric substance produces absorption at a solid liquid interface, enhance the adhesion of solution to solid.According to research, the each material mixture ratio of epoxy resin mortar (mass ratio) is, epoxy resin: cement: fine sand: ethylenediamine: dibutyl ester=1:(3.5 ~ 4): (3 ~ 4): (0.05 ~ 0.1): 0.1, wherein epoxy resin model is E-44, cement used is Portland cement (model: PO 52.5), and ethylenediamine is hardening agent (model: NG26-99), and dibutyl ester is thinning agent (model: NG26-99), fine sand used must adopt anhydrous dry sand, and with the sieved sieve of 5mm.
The epoxy resin mortar of described proportioning, experimentally its cool time is 24 hours ~ 48 hours, and sand-cement slurry (proportioning is cement: sand: water=1:(2.5-3.5): (0.5-0.7)) generally need fortnight, cool time, shortening made the Preparatory work of experiment phase greatly shorten, and was beneficial to Experimental lots and carried out.
Owing to there is not constraint in sand-cement slurry upper surface, rough plane is very easily there is during condensation, it rises and falls even to exceed and shears seam height 1cm, make shearing experiment record parameter to be forbidden, even cause the failure of an experiment, and the epoxy resin mortar of described proportioning, its molding flat is smooth, the gradient is less than 0.5%, meets shearing experiment requirement.
Shear the paraffin that seam is placed, be shear seam to prevent epoxy resin mortar from entering, also can provide good cooling bottom surface for the epoxy resin mortar in down cut box, paraffin requires that adhesiveness is better, available No. 54 paraffin simultaneously;
Horizontal screw-socket 5 diameter, slightly larger than the diameter of adjuster bar 6, makes adjuster bar 6 can pull down after adjustment completes.
Plastic sheeting 8 is to prevent epoxy resin mortar from sticking on upper shear box inwall, down cut box inwall, vertical screw outer wall, requiring that pliability is better, can use bidirectional stretching polypropylene film.
The experimental technique that prismatic jointing structural plane is sheared, comprises the steps:
A. the red pen of the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar is marked, be placed in down cut box 2, according to the size of sillar and the position of shear surface, select the vertical screw 4 of interpolation of appropriate length, regulate the height of the vertical screw 4 of interpolation in down cut box 2, be sillar structural plane is positioned at shear seam simultaneously.
B. then sillar is taken off, turnbuckle 9 is inserted in five vertical screws 4 of interpolation, after being inserted in turnbuckle 9, interpolation vertical screw 4 outer wall can not adhere to epoxy resin mortar, be convenient to take out from mortar, secondary is facilitated to use, with plastic sheeting 8 by upper shear box 1 and down cut box 2 inwall parcel, make shear box 1 inwall, down cut box 2 inwall, the vertical screw 4 of interpolation and turnbuckle 9 outer wall to adhere to epoxy resin mortar, then sillar is put into down cut box 2 again.
C. adjuster bar 6 is inserted in horizontal screw-socket 5, and contact with vertical screw 4, rotation adjusting lever 6, vertical screw 4 is moved up and down, the object regulated sillar structural plane is not only positioned at shear seam 3, and make red line on sillar, namely the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar is between shearing seam 3, and five adjuster bars 6 can regulate simultaneously; After adjustment completes, adjuster bar 6 is taken out in horizontal screw-socket 5.
D. each material mixture ratio of epoxy resin mortar (mass ratio) is, epoxy resin: cement: fine sand: ethylenediamine: dibutyl ester=1:(3.5 ~ 4): (3 ~ 4): (0.05 ~ 0.1): 0.1 wherein ethylenediamine be hardening agent (model: NG26-99), dibutyl ester is thinning agent (model: NG26-99), take cement, fine sand in proportion, bank up after stirring for subsequent use, stir after taking epoxy resin, dibutyl ester, ethylenediamine successively in proportion formation epoxy base fluid, the even thing of cement and fine sand is poured into, uniform stirring again, forms epoxy resin mortar;
E. fixing upper shear box 1 lower edge with on down cut box 2 along parallel, epoxy resin mortar is poured in down cut box 2, when epoxy resin sand Starch Level arrive down cut box 2 on along time can stop, at 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, cool 20 ~ 30 hours;
F. paraffin is filled into shear seam in, make paraffin and prismatic jointing sillar be positioned at the part shearing seam place simultaneously and fit, up shear box 1 pours epoxy resin mortar into, in arrival on shear box 1 along time stopping, at 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, cool 20 ~ 30 hours;
G. open shear box 1 and down cut box 2, take out sample, owing to having turnbuckle 9 between sample and interpolation screw 4, when taking out sample, automatically can be separated with interpolation screw 4, so just can obtain shearing sample, with turnbuckle 9 in sample, because turnbuckle intensity is low, do not affect shearing experiment.
This sample is placed on testing machine, and applies corresponding normal stress and can carry out shearing experiment.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (4)
1. an experimental technique for prismatic jointing structural plane shearing, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the red pen of the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar to be marked, be placed in down cut box (2), according to the size of sillar and the position of shear surface, select the vertical screw of interpolation (4) of appropriate length, regulate the vertical screw of interpolation (4) height in down cut box (2) simultaneously, sillar structural plane is positioned at and shears seam;
Step 2, take off sillar, turnbuckle (9) is inserted in five vertical screws of interpolation (4), with plastic sheeting (8) by upper shear box (1) and down cut box (2) inwall parcel, then sillar is put into again down cut box (2);
Step 3, adjuster bar (6) to be inserted from horizontal screw-socket (5), and contact with the vertical screw of interpolation (4), rotation adjusting lever (6), the vertical screw of interpolation (4) is moved up and down, make red line on sillar, namely the structural plane of prismatic jointing sillar is positioned at and shears between seam (3); After adjustment completes, adjuster bar (6) is taken out in horizontal screw-socket (5);
The mass ratio of step 4, epoxy resin mortar component is, epoxy resin: cement: fine sand: ethylenediamine: dibutyl ester=1:3.5 ~ 4:3 ~ 4:0.05 ~ 0.1:0.1, first take cement, fine sand in proportion, bank up after stirring for subsequent use, stir after taking epoxy resin, dibutyl ester, ethylenediamine successively in proportion formation epoxy base fluid, the even thing of cement and fine sand is poured into, uniform stirring again, form epoxy resin mortar;
The lower edge of step 5, fixing upper shear box (1) with on down cut box (2) along parallel, form to shear between the lower edge of fixing upper shear box (1) and the upper edge of down cut box (2) and stitch, epoxy resin mortar is poured in down cut box (2), when epoxy resin sand Starch Level arrive down cut box (2) on along time can stop, cooling 20 ~ 30 hours;
Step 6, paraffin is filled into and shears in seam, make paraffin and prismatic jointing sillar be positioned at the part shearing seam place to fit simultaneously, up shear box (1) pours epoxy resin mortar into, in arrival on shear box (1) along time stop, cooling 20 ~ 30 hours;
Step 7, open shear box (1) and down cut box (2), take out sample;
Step 8, the sample obtained in step 7 to be placed on testing machine, and to apply corresponding normal stress and can carry out shearing experiment.
2. the experimental provision of a prismatic jointing structural plane shearing, comprise shear box (1) and down cut box (2), it is characterized in that, also comprise the vertical screw of interpolation (4) and adjuster bar (6), described down cut box (2) is upper shed, the bottom of down cut box (2) is provided with vertical screw-socket (3), the box wall of down cut box (2) is provided with horizontal screw-socket (5), the vertical screw of interpolation (4) is through vertical screw-socket (3) and vertically place, the external thread of the vertical screw of interpolation (4) is adaptive with the internal thread of vertical screw-socket (3), adjuster bar (6) contacts with the vertical screw of interpolation (4) through horizontal screw-socket (5), the part that adjuster bar (6) contacts with the vertical screw of interpolation (4) forms worm structure, the vertical screw of interpolation (4) can be driven to be elevated vertically by the rotation of adjuster bar (6), upper shear box (1) is under shed, upper shear box (1) places the top of (2) 10 centimetres, distance down cut box.
3. the experimental provision of a kind of prismatic jointing according to claim 2 structural plane shearing, the number of the vertical screw of described interpolation (4) is 5, be evenly distributed in down cut box (2), the number screw (4) vertical with interpolation of adjuster bar (6) is adaptive.
4. the experimental provision of a kind of prismatic jointing according to claim 2 structural plane shearing, long 150 millimeters of described upper shear box (1), wide 150 millimeters, the degree of depth 75 millimeters; Long 150 millimeters of described down cut box (2), wide 150 millimeters, the degree of depth 75 millimeters; The length of the vertical screw of described interpolation (4) is 2 centimetres-8 centimetres.
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| CN103487797B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-08-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The home position testing method of prismatic jointing rock mass cavity engineering country rock relaxation depth |
| CN104458444B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-04-12 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for testing mechanical parameters of joint surface of irregular rock mass |
| CN104865108B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2017-06-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Sample preparation device, sample preparation shear and sample preparation shearing test method suitable for jointed rock mass direct shear test |
| CN104568548B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-11-21 | 成都理工大学 | Rock hard structural plane cast material and its application method |
| CN107449666B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-06-23 | 山东省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Tensile test method of fiber reinforced composite material for anchoring |
| CN108414304A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-08-17 | 同济大学 | A kind of mold and method made for coupled shear-flow test joint samples |
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