CN103234630B - Image despinning device for slit type grating spectrometer of solar telescope - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an image despinning device for a slit type grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, which comprises a solar telescope system (1), an optical fiber clamp slot (2), an area array optical fiber clamp end (3), a supporting disc (4), a rigid connecting body (5), an electric rotating platform (6), an optical fiber bundle (7), a linear array optical fiber clamp end (8), a slit type grating spectrometer (9), an imaging system (10), a computer data processing system (11) and a rotation angle controller (12). The invention has the advantages of small structure, light weight, simple use and flexible structure, can realize the separation of the telescope system and the spectrometer in space, and the position and the placement range of the spectrometer are not limited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an image despinning device of a slit type solar grating spectrometer of a solar telescope.
Background
The ground-based large-aperture solar telescope adopts a horizontal frame structure, so that the azimuth axis and the pitch axis of the rotating telescope are coordinated and linked when the sun is tracked for observation, and the azimuth axis and the pitch axis of the telescope are not parallel to the rotation axis of the earth, so that the sun image on the focal plane of the telescope has the problem of image rotation when the telescope tracks the sun for observation (the principles and the design of the astronomical telescope [ M ]. Beijing: Chinese science and technology publisher 2003: 95-96.). Image rotation poses serious problems for real-time target identification, image processing and the operation of back-end scientific instruments such as spectrometers, and therefore the image rotation problem of telescopes must be eliminated.
At present, the methods for eliminating the rotation of the image of the field of view mainly include optical racemization and mechanical racemization. The mechanical racemization method is realized by directly adopting a high-power motor to directly rotate the spectral tube, namely the whole spectrometer at the rear end rotates along with a view field, the realization difficulty is high, and the requirements on the electric control and the machinery of the system are strict. The current U.S. 4 meter ATST solar telescope uses this racemization method. Common optical despinning comprises a K mirror and a dove prism, and the K mirror and the dove prism can realize field image despinning. The dove prism is used for image despinning in a telescope field of view at the earliest time, and is limited by a working waveband, can only work in a visible light waveband and is not suitable for a rear-end spectrometer. At present, a K mirror is commonly used for telescope despinning, for example, a K mirror despinning device (SCOTT W. UnISIS fieldde-rator, 2000) is arranged in front of a Coude focus of a 100-inch telescope in Wilson astronomical platform in USA, a German solar telescope GREGOR with the length of 1.5 m is also optically despinning by using the K mirror (ManuelCollados et al, "A high-resolution spot for the solar telescope GREGOR", 2008), and a telescope with the length of 1.2 m in the domestic Yunnan astronomical platform is also despinning by using the K mirror (Juqinghua; 1.2 m in the horizontal telescope field rotation research and despinning [ D ]; institute of sciences in China (Yunnan astronomical platform); 2008). However, the requirement of the K mirror for assembly and calibration is extremely high, and the optical axis of the K mirror, the rotation axis of the K mirror and the optical axis of the telescope system are integrated in a three-axis mode.
Based on the background, the invention provides an image despinning device for a slit type solar grating spectrometer of a solar telescope. The telescope system and the slit type solar grating spectrometer are connected by adopting an optical fiber bundle, the area array optical fiber array on the supporting disc is driven to rotate by the electric rotating table, and the rotating speed and the direction of the area array optical fiber array are the same as those of a solar image on a focal plane, so that the despinning of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope is realized. By means of the characteristics of flexibility, light weight and easiness in bending of the optical fiber, the rigid connection mode of the traditional optical instrument is changed, and the flexibility of connection between the slit type solar spectrometer and the telescope is improved; the separation of the telescope system and the spectrometer in space can be realized, the position and space placing range of the telescope system is not limited, and the miniaturization of the spectrometer is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems that the traditional image despinning technologies such as optical despinning and mechanical despinning technologies are limited by optical debugging, electric control and mechanical control, and the like, a despinning device which is simpler in structure, smaller in size and easier to realize compared with the existing despinning technology is provided so as to avoid the problems encountered by the traditional image despinning technologies.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an image despinning device for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, comprising: the system comprises a solar telescope system, an optical fiber clamp slot, an area array optical fiber clamp end, a supporting disc, a rigid connector, an electric rotating platform, an optical fiber bundle, a linear array optical fiber clamp end, a slit type grating spectrometer, an imaging system, a computer data processing system and a rotation angle controller;
wherein: the solar telescope system is a foundation-based large-aperture solar telescope, a solar image is imaged on a focal plane of the solar telescope, the foundation-based large-aperture solar telescope adopts a horizontal frame structure, the horizontal meridian circle of the solar telescope is continuously changed relative to the solar running right ascension circle when the sun is tracked and observed, the solar image collected on the focal plane of the solar telescope rotates along with the azimuth axis and the height axis of the solar telescope, namely the image rotation is usually expressed by an azimuth angle p, and the position and the change speed of the azimuth angle are respectively expressed by an expression (1) and an expression (2), and the specific expression is as follows:
wherein, A and Z represent azimuth angle and zenith distance of celestial body respectively, azimuth angle A regards north as zero point, to east as positive, to west as negative, zenith distance Z regards zenith as zero point, its scope is 0-90 degrees, phi is the geographical latitude where the telescope is located, and t represents declination and time angle of the observed target respectively;
in order to eliminate the image rotation on the focal plane of the solar telescope, an image despinning device is introduced into the slit type grating spectrometer and the solar telescope, and the image despinning device is placed at the focal plane of the solar telescope to replace a slit of the spectrometer, so that the image despinning can be realized, and the specific despinning mode is as follows: inserting the area array optical fiber array into the supporting disk, realizing the connection between the supporting disk and the electric rotating platform by the rigid connector, driving the supporting disk to rotate by the electric rotating platform and rotate at the same speed and in the same direction as the solar image, and assuming that the star angle change speed of the solar image on the focal plane of the solar telescope is as follows in the process that the solar telescope tracks the sunThus, the rotation speed of the electric rotating table is determinedAnd rotateThe rotation direction is the same as the solar image, so that the solar image at the linear array optical fiber clamp end fixed at the slit of the solar grating spectrometer is fixed, the problem of solar image rotation is solved, the separation of the solar telescope and the spectrometer is realized, the rigid connection structure of the traditional spectrometer is changed, and the flexibility of the connection between the slit type solar spectrometer and the solar telescope is improved;
byPhi is the known quantity of the geographical latitude of the telescope, the azimuth angle A and the zenith distance Z are parameters provided during the tracking of the telescope, and the real-time rotation speed of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope can be obtainedSo that the rotation angle of the electric rotating table is controlled by A and Z provided by the rotation angle controller to the computer data systemNamely, the rotation of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope can be eliminated;
wherein,and t respectively represents declination and time angle of the observed target, phi is the geographical latitude of the telescope, p is the star angle at the beginning of the image rotation and is the initial star angle of the rotation angle controller, the despun image processed by the step can be converted with the images of the telescopes at other geographical latitudes in the world in a unified way, and the actual result is not influenced by the conversion.
The width of the slot of the supporting disc is adjustable, and the insertion of the area array optical fiber clamp end is met.
The supporting disc and the rigid connecting body are the most suitable supporting structure between the area array optical fiber array and the electric rotating platform.
The planar array optical fiber clamp end and the linear array clamp end can realize the arrangement of other planar array forms.
The load of the electric rotating platform is determined according to the supporting disc and the rigid connecting body; the rotation angle is rotated by 180 degrees and then is set to zero, and the image despinning process of the next period is continued.
The table top of the electric rotating table can rotate forward and backward at will, and reading and initial positioning are facilitated.
The area array optical fiber clamp end placed on the focal plane of the telescope couples the sun image on the focal plane of the telescope into the area array optical fiber clamp end through the optical fiber coupler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the image despinning device for the slit type grating spectrometer of the solar telescope changes the structural mode of rigid connection between the traditional spectrometer and the telescope and improves the flexibility of connection between the slit type solar spectrometer and the telescope;
(2) the invention provides an image despin device for a slit type grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, which is simpler in despin structure, smaller in volume and easier to realize compared with the existing despin device;
(3) the image despinning device for the slit grating spectrometer of the solar telescope can realize the spatial separation of the telescope system and the spectrometer, is not limited in position and spatial arrangement range, and is beneficial to the realization of the miniaturization of the spectrometer.
In a word, the image despinning device for the slit grating spectrometer of the solar telescope, which is provided by the invention, is characterized in that the slit grating spectrometer of the telescope focal plane and the rear end is connected through an optical fiber bundle, the optical fiber clamp ends arranged in an area array are driven by an electric rotating platform to determine that the optical fiber clamp ends of the area array rotate in the same direction and at the same speed as the sun image on the telescope focal plane, and the linear array optical fiber clamp ends are used as the incident ends of the slit grating spectrometer to replace slits; therefore, images at the fixed linear array optical fiber clamp end can be despuned in the sun observation process. The invention is based on the principle of optical fiber bundle flexible image transmission, and realizes the purpose of eliminating image rotation generated by the sun telescope tracking the sun through the rotation of the optical fiber bundle. Compared with the traditional optical despinning or mechanical despinning mode, the image despinning device provided by the invention is small in structure, light in weight, simple to use, flexible in structure, unlimited in position and placement range of the spectrometer, and obvious in practicability and innovation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an image despinning device that can be used in a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope.
The labels in the figure are: the system comprises a solar telescope system 1, an optical fiber clamp slot 2, an area array optical fiber clamp end 3, a supporting disc 4, a rigid connector 5, an electric rotating table 6, an optical fiber bundle 7, a linear array optical fiber clamp end 8, a slit grating spectrometer 9, an imaging system 10, a computer data processing system 11 and a rotation angle controller 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an image despinning device for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope comprises: the device comprises a solar telescope system 1, an optical fiber clamp slot 2, an area array optical fiber clamp end 3, a supporting disc 4, a rigid connector 5, an electric rotating platform 6, an optical fiber bundle 7, a linear array optical fiber clamp end 8, a slit type grating spectrometer 9, an imaging system 10, a computer data processing system 11 and a rotation angle controller 12. The solar telescope system 1 is a foundation type large-caliber solar telescope.
The ground-based large-aperture solar telescope images a solar image on a focal plane of the ground-based large-aperture solar telescope, but because the ground-based large-aperture solar telescope generally adopts a horizontal frame structure, when the ground-based large-aperture solar telescope tracks the sun and observes, a horizontal meridian circle where the telescope is located is continuously changed relative to a solar running right ascension circle, so that the solar image collected on the focal plane of the telescope rotates along with an azimuth axis and a height axis of the telescope, namely the rotation is generally expressed by an azimuth angle p, and the position and the change speed of the azimuth angle are respectively expressed by a formula (1) and a formula (2), specifically as follows:
wherein, A and Z respectively represent azimuth angle and zenith distance of celestial body, azimuth angle A takes north as zero point, east as positive, west as negative, zenith distance Z takes zenith as zero point, its scope is 0-90 deg., phi is geographical latitude where telescope is located, and t respectively represents declination and time angle of observed target.
The presence of the image rotation will cause serious problems for the real-time target recognition, image processing and the operation of back-end scientific instruments such as spectrometers. In order to eliminate image rotation on the focal plane of the telescope system, an image despinning device is introduced into the slit type grating spectrometer and the telescope system, and the image despinning device is placed at the focal plane of the telescope to replace a slit of a traditional spectrometer, so that image despinning can be realized. The specific racemization mode is as follows: inserting the area array optical fiber array 3 into the optical fiber clamp slot 2 of the supporting disk 4 and locking the optical fiber array by using a locking device; the rigid connecting body 5 is used for realizing the connection of the supporting disk 4 and the electric rotating platform 6, the supporting disk 4 is driven to rotate by the electric rotating platform 6 and rotates at the same speed with the sun image in the same direction, and the change speed of the star angle of the sun image on the focal plane of the telescope is assumed to be in the process of tracking the sun by the telescopeThus, the rotation speed of the electric rotating table is determinedAnd the rotation direction is the same as the solar image, the solar image at the linear array optical fiber clamp end fixed at the slit of the solar grating spectrometer is fixed, so that the problem of solar image rotation is eliminated, the separation of a telescope system and the spectrometer is realized, the traditional rigid connection structure of the spectrometer is changed, and the flexibility of connecting the slit type solar spectrometer and the telescope is improved. Thereby eliminating the problem of ground-based solar telescopic mirror rotation.
The width of the slot of the supporting disc 4 is adjustable, and the insertion of the area array optical fiber clamp end 3 is met.
The support disc 4 and the rigid connecting body 5 are the most suitable support structure between the area array optical fiber array 3 and the electric rotating table 6, and other support structures are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
The area array optical fiber clamp end 3 and the linear array clamp end 8 can realize the arrangement of other area array forms.
Wherein the load of the electric rotating platform 6 is determined according to the supporting disc 4 and the rigid connecting body 5; the rotation angle is rotated by 180 degrees and then is set to zero, and the image despinning process of the next period is continued.
The table top of the electric rotating table 6 can rotate forward and backward at will, so that reading and initial positioning are facilitated.
The area array optical fiber clamp end 3 placed on the focal plane of the telescope couples the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope into the area array optical fiber clamp end 3 through an optical fiber coupler.
Wherein, byPhi is the known quantity of the geographical latitude of the telescope, the azimuth angle A and the zenith distance Z are parameters provided during the tracking of the telescope, and the real-time rotation speed of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope can be obtainedSince the azimuth angle A and the zenith distance Z can be obtained by the computer data processing 11 and transmitted to the rotation angle controller 12, and the geographical latitude of the telescope is known, the rotation angle of the rotation angle controller 12 isThereby eliminating the problem of rotation of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope.
Wherein p is represented by formulaAnd determining that t represents declination and time angle of the observed target respectively, wherein p is the star angle at the beginning of the image rotation and the initial star angle of the rotation angle controller 12, and the despun image processed by the step can be converted with the images of telescopes at other geographic latitudes in the world in a unified way. No scaling does not affect the actual result.
Compared with the existing scanning device, the image despinning device made by the invention reduces the difficulty of realization, has more flexible and simple system structure, is easier to realize, can realize the separation of the telescope system and the spectrometer in space, has unlimited position and space placement range, and is beneficial to the realization of the miniaturization of the spectrometer.
The above examples are intended only to assist the reader in understanding the general principles of the invention and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular examples described. While various other modifications and combinations may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and these modifications and combinations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An image despinning device for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, comprising: the device comprises a solar telescope system (1), an optical fiber clamp slot (2), an area array optical fiber clamp end (3), a supporting disc (4), a rigid connector (5), an electric rotating platform (6), an optical fiber bundle (7), a linear array optical fiber clamp end (8), a slit type solar grating spectrometer (9), an imaging system (10), a computer data processing system (11) and a rotation angle controller (12);
wherein: the solar telescope system (1) is a foundation-based large-aperture solar telescope, a solar image is imaged on a focal plane of the solar telescope, the foundation-based large-aperture solar telescope adopts a horizontal frame structure, when the ground-based large-aperture solar telescope tracks the sun and observes, a horizontal meridian circle of the solar telescope is continuously changed relative to a solar running right ascension circle, the solar image collected on the focal plane of the solar telescope rotates along with an azimuth axis and a height axis of the solar telescope, namely the image rotation is usually expressed by an azimuth angle p, and the position and the change speed of the azimuth angle are respectively expressed by expressions (1) and (2), and the concrete conditions are as follows:
wherein, A and Z represent azimuth angle and zenith distance of celestial body respectively, azimuth angle A regards north as zero point, to east as positive, to west as negative, zenith distance Z regards zenith as zero point, its scope is 0-90 degrees, phi is the geographical latitude where the telescope is located, and t represents declination and time angle of the observed target respectively;
in order to eliminate the image rotation on the focal plane of the solar telescope, in a slit type solar grating spectrometerAnd an image despin device is introduced into the solar telescope, and the image despin device is placed at the focal plane of the solar telescope to replace a slit of a slit type solar grating spectrometer, so that the image despin can be realized, and the specific despin mode is as follows: inserting an area array optical fiber clamp end (3) into a supporting disc (4), realizing the connection of the supporting disc (4) and an electric rotating table (6) by a rigid connecting body (5), driving the supporting disc (4) to rotate by the electric rotating table (6) and rotating at the same speed with the sun image in the same direction, and supposing that in the process of tracking the sun by the solar telescope, the star angle change speed of the sun image on the focal plane of the solar telescope is as followsThus, the rotation speed of the electric rotating table is determinedThe rotation direction is the same as the sun image, so that the sun image at the linear array optical fiber clamp end fixed at the slit of the slit type solar grating spectrometer is fixed, the problem of the rotation of the sun image is solved, the separation of the solar telescope and the slit type solar grating spectrometer is realized, the rigid connection structure of the traditional slit type solar grating spectrometer is changed, and the flexibility of the connection of the slit type solar grating spectrometer and the solar telescope is improved;
byPhi is the known quantity of the geographical latitude of the telescope, the azimuth angle A and the zenith distance Z are parameters provided during the tracking of the telescope, and the real-time rotation speed of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope can be obtainedSo that the rotation angular velocity of the electric rotating table (6) is controlled to be A and Z provided by the rotation angle controller (12) to the computer data processing system (11)Namely, the rotation of the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope can be eliminated;
wherein,and t respectively represents declination and time angle of the observed target, phi is the geographical latitude of the telescope, p is the star angle at the beginning of the image rotation and is the initial star angle of the rotation angle controller (12), the despun image processed by the step can be converted with the images of the telescopes at other geographical latitudes in the world in a unified way, and the conversion does not influence the actual result.
2. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the width of the slot of the supporting disc (4) is adjustable, and the insertion of the area array optical fiber clamp end (3) is met.
3. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the supporting disc (4) and the rigid connecting body (5) are the most suitable supporting structure between the area array optical fiber clamp end (3) and the electric rotating platform (6).
4. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the area array optical fiber clamp end (3) and the linear array optical fiber clamp end (8) can realize the arrangement of other area array forms.
5. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the load of the electric rotating platform (6) is determined according to the supporting disc (4) and the rigid connecting body (5); the rotation angle is rotated by 180 degrees and then is set to zero, and the image despinning process of the next period is continued.
6. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the table top of the electric rotating table (6) can rotate forward and backward at will, so that reading and initial positioning are facilitated.
7. The image despinning device of claim 1, wherein the image despinning device is used for a slit grating spectrometer of a solar telescope, and comprises: the area array optical fiber clamp end (3) placed on the focal plane of the solar telescope couples the solar image on the focal plane of the telescope into the area array optical fiber clamp end (3) through an optical fiber coupler.
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| CN107271037B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-06-18 | 天津大学 | Spectrum micro imaging method and system |
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