CN103229636A - Method for storing stylosanthes guianensis seeds in ultra-dry method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed storing in an ultra-dry mode and provides a method for storing stylosanthes guianensis seeds in the ultra-dry mode. The method includes: placing silica gel and seeds with the weight ratio of 6:1 into a dryer, drying and dehydrating the seeds under room temperature, replacing the silica gel performed with drying and cooling at the temperature of 120 DEG C every day, taking the ultra-dry seeds out after 6 days, and sealing the seeds in a double-layer aluminum foil bag for storing at the room temperature; and performing rewetting treatment on the seeds before imbibition and germination of the stylosanthes guianensis seeds stored after the ultra-dry treatment so as to ensure vigor of the ultra-dry seeds, placing the seeds into a dryer with saturated CaCl2 solution at the bottom to rewet for 8+/-0.5 hours during ultra-dry rewetting of the seeds, then placing the seeds into a dryer with saturated NH4Cl solution at the bottom to rewet for 8+/- 0.5 hours, and taking the seeds out and placing the seeds at the room temperature. The method for storing the stylosanthes guianensis seeds in the ultra-dry mode is easy and convenient to implement, less in investment, low in operation cost throughout the year and strong in practical applicability and has strong promotion and application values.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the super dried preservation technical field of seed, relate in particular to a kind of method of super dried preservation khuskhus seed.
Background technology
Khuskhus is the good tropical leguminous forage of a class, originates in Central and South America.This genus has kind or 44 of subspecies, accounts for 1/3rd of the torrid zone, the world, south subtropics area sown pasture herbage variety, in the torrid zone, China south China, the establishing in large scale utilization of south subtropics area.It has the characteristics of drought-enduring, acidproof infertile soil, high yield, high-quality, the suitable torrid zone and the plantation of south subtropics area.Be mainly used in herding, green fodder, processing hay meal, green manure, orchard, rubber plantation cover crop and water and soil conservation etc.This herbage all has plantation in Australia, South America, Southeast Asia and African country as tropical pasture, and it also is China torrid zone, the most important tropical pasture in south subtropics area, has broad application prospects.Khuskhus is the part of tropical pasture germ plasm resource mainly with seminal propagation, and its seed is the indispensable material base of the good tropical pasture kind of seed selection, is the important materials of carrying out physiologic theory research.Prolong the seed storage life-span to greatest extent, significant for the long preservation of germ plasm resource and high price seed.But, also do not set up the khuskhus seed bank at present in the torrid areas, and khuskhus is preserved with live body mainly, will more plant once again in per 2~3 years, preserves the khuskhus germplasm by this way and has some disadvantages.Carry out the super dried preservation research of tropical pasture seed, protection, breeding and the germ plasm resource of its bio-diversity are preserved with utilization have very important scientific meaning and application prospect.
Seed moisture content and reserve temperature are two most important factors that influence the seed storage life-span, suitably reduce seed moisture content and reserve temperature and all can effectively prolong seed longevity.But be subjected to the restriction of dry technology and dewatering for a long time, generally believe that stored seeds should not be too dried, classical theory is decided to be seed safety water content lower limit with 5%~7% water content, thinks and breaks through the generation that this lower limit will speed up seed vitality decline and blastation.The condition of the long preservation seed germplasm that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) and IBPGR (IBPGR) formulate is that the water content of 5%-7% and-18 ℃~-25 ℃ reserve temperature are the general accepted standard in various countries, the world today (IBPGR, 1976).But, the low temperature storage plant germplasm is costly, this is to be difficult to realize for economically less developed region and single breeding units, seed operating unit, and the seed storage technology that develop energy-conservation, economical and convenient and safety is the great practical problem that the preservation plant germplasm resource need solve.
The super dry-storage of seed is the research focus of phase late 1980s germplasm preservation aspect rise, being intended to explore seed moisture content, to be reduced to traditional lower limit following but still effectively keep the dry technology of seed vitality, to reach the purpose of long preservation germ plasm resource under normal temperature condition.Because this technology can reduce the expense of building the storehouse and keeping the storehouse running significantly, have huge economic benefit and application prospect in the germ plasm resource preservation.It preserves technology as energy-saving and environmental protection, economical and practical seed, is subjected to the favor of countries in the world.
Super dry-storage energy significant prolongation seed longevity, storage effect is not second to low temperature storage.1986, the Ellis of Britain was reduced to 2% with the sesame seed moisture content from 5%, and discovery can make its shelf-life prolong more than 40 times, and this is equivalent to reserve temperature from 20 ℃ of effects (Ellis and Hong, 1986) that are reduced to-20 ℃.The imagination of super dry storage has been proposed on this basis.In recent years, both at home and abroad super the dried preservation research of seed has been obtained remarkable progress, not only in the physiology of seed field, and has all started no small upsurge in germ plasm resource preservation field, part Study result delivers (Zheng et al., 1998 at " Nature "; Ellis and Roberts, 1998; Demir and Ozcoban, 2007; Perez-Garcia et al., 2007).Compare with low temperature or ultralow temperature storage practice, although the problem that super dry storage exists some to solve technically, this technology is simple and easy to do relatively, small investment, and running expense is low throughout the year, and in environmental protection positive effect is arranged.
There are larger difference in the super dry-storage effect of different monoid seeds, anti-dried degree and super dried time wet condition, and at present, the seed of super dry-storage relates to about more than 50 species, mostly is the seed of vegetables, melon and fruit, beans, cereal, medicinal plant and trees greatly.Studies have shown that most seeds can be down to water content below 5%~7% safely by special dry technologies such as freezing vacuum drying, air blast silica dehydrator, desiccant room temperature dryings, seed storability at normal temperatures increases substantially, in conjunction with specific packing technique, can obtain better preservation effect (Wang Xiaofeng etc., 2001).
People such as Ellis are doing number of research projects aspect the super dry storage of seed, successively the seed of more than 20 kind of kinds such as paddy rice, barley, wheat is tested, the result shows, in certain water content ranges, all all meet seed moisture content and the storage temperature action rule to the seed storage life-span for planting experimentally son, but not of the same race suitable water content lower limit difference (Ellis, 1998; Leon-Lobos and Ellis, 2002; Ellis and Hong, 2006).
The research of the relevant super dry storage of China is started late with respect to Britain.Zheng Guanghua etc. at first carried out the super kept dry research of seed in China in 1989, and were obtaining certain progress (Zheng et al., 1998) aspect the physiology of super dry seed and the cytology.Zheng Guanghua, Cheng Hongyan, Wang Xiaofeng etc. to Chinese cabbage seeds research think, Chinese cabbage seeds through super dried technical finesse, its water content was down to 1.6% o'clock, its seed germination rate and vigor are without any obvious variation, and aspect vitality index and the germination rate burin-in process there is being more patience (Wang et al., 2003) than the contrast seed.People such as Sun Hongmei place 50,35,20 ℃ of storages respectively with the corn seed of different moisture content, and the result shows the optimum moisture content difference of corn seed storage under the different temperatures, presents with the reduction of reserve temperature trend of rising (Sun Hongmei etc., 2004).People's such as Zhou Xiangsheng research thinks that seeds such as the rape of high oil content, radish, Semen sesami nigrum are suitable for super kept dry, but suitable water content lower limit not of the same race variant (Zhou Xiangsheng and Bi Xinhua, 1993).In order to solve the imbibition damage problem after super dry handle of seed, people such as Zhang Yun orchid carried out different times wet methods to the super dry seeds of crops such as pea, millet in 1994 and have compared, think same variety seeds sometimes its high-moisture seed and low moisture seed adapt to return wet method different, should adopt the suitable wet method of returning according to its seed moisture content height is different.Poly-diethanol (PEG) is returned wet seed, and its concentration transfers influential effect very big to oozing, if improper use does not only have the repairing effect that the accent effect impairs cell membrane on the contrary of oozing.
Seed moisture content and reserve temperature are two most important factors that influence the seed storage life-span, suitably reduce seed moisture content and reserve temperature and can effectively prolong seed longevity, and the method for preserving seed at present mainly contains three kinds:
(1) low temperature or ultralow temperature storage practice, being about to the seed germplasm preserves under the condition of the reserve temperature of the water content of 5%-7% and-18 ℃~-25 ℃, the low temperature storage plant germplasm is costly, is difficult to realize for economically less developed region and single breeding units, seed operating unit.
(2) live body is preserved the khuskhus germplasm, will more plant once again in per 2~3 years, and it is time-consuming to take ground.
(3) super dry storage is energy-conservation, easy, an effective seed storage technology.Although the problem that exists some to solve technically, this technology is simple and easy to do relatively, small investment, and running expense is low throughout the year, and in environmental protection positive effect is arranged.
At present, the seed of super dry-storage relates to about more than 50 species, mostly is the seed of vegetables, melon and fruit, beans, cereal, medicinal plant and trees greatly.Studies have shown that most seeds can be down to water content below 5%~7% safely by special dry technologies such as freezing vacuum drying, air blast silica dehydrator, desiccant room temperature dryings, seed storability at normal temperatures increases substantially, in conjunction with specific packing technique, can obtain better preservation effect.But there are larger difference in the super dry-storage effect of different monoid seeds, anti-dried degree and super dried time wet condition.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of super dried preservation khuskhus seed, aim to provide simple and easy to do relatively, small investment, running expense is low and have a method of the preservation khuskhus seed of positive effect in environmental protection throughout the year.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of super dried preservation khuskhus seed, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is embedded in the khuskhus seed in the drier in the silica gel, at room temperature dehydrates;
Step 2, drier is changed through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry every day;
Step 3 is taken out the super dry seeds in the drier after 6 days, will surpass dry seeds and be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.
Further, in the drier the weight ratio of the silica gel of putting into and seed be 6: 1.
Further, the long term storage khuskhus kind period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the suitableeest super dried water content of super dry seeds is 3 ± 0.2%.
Further, before the khuskhus seed imbibition that super dry treatment is preserved was sprouted, returning wet process was the key factor that guarantees super dry seeds vigor.
Further, the super dried implementation method of returning wet process of khuskhus seed that super dry treatment is preserved is:
The khuskhus seed of super dry treatment preservation is put into the bottom fill saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours;
Put into the bottom again and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place.
Further, saturated CaCl
2Relative moisture is 40%RH in the solution.
Further, saturated NH
4Relative moisture is 80%RH in the Cl solution.
Further, when the khuskhus seed surpasses dry treatment, also can at room temperature dehydrate khuskhus seed and silica gel are placed in the seed packet.
The method of super dried preservation khuskhus seed provided by the invention, be that 6: 1 silica gel and seed is positioned in the drier with weight ratio, at room temperature dehydrate, change every day through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry, take out super dry seeds after 6 days, be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag; Before the khuskhus seed imbibition that super dry treatment is preserved is sprouted, return the vigor that wet process can guarantee super dry seeds effectively, super dried the returning when wetting of seed put into seed the bottom earlier and filled saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and put into the bottom then and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place; Should be super dried method of preserving the khuskhus seed, simple and easy to do, small investment, long-term running expense are low, practical, have stronger popularization and using value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the super dried realization flow figure that preserves the method for khuskhus seed that the embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the super dried realization flow figure that returns the method for wet process of the khuskhus seed to super dry treatment preservation that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described in detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the present invention, and be not used in and limit invention.
Fig. 1 shows the super dried realization flow of preserving the method for khuskhus seed that the embodiment of the invention provides.
This method may further comprise the steps:
In step S101, the khuskhus seed is embedded in the drier in the silica gel, at room temperature dehydrate;
In step S102, drier is changed through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry every day;
In step S103, take out the super dry seeds in the drier after 6 days, will surpass dry seeds and be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.
In embodiments of the present invention, in the drier the weight ratio of the silica gel of putting into and seed be 6: 1.
In embodiments of the present invention, the long term storage khuskhus kind period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the suitableeest super dried water content of super dry seeds is 3 ± 0.2%.
In embodiments of the present invention, before the khuskhus seed imbibition that super dry treatment is preserved was sprouted, returning wet process was the key factor that guarantees super dry seeds vigor.
As shown in Figure 2, in embodiments of the present invention, the super dried implementation method of returning wet process of khuskhus seed that super dry treatment is preserved is:
Step S201 puts into the bottom with the khuskhus seed of super dry treatment preservation and fills saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours;
Step S202 puts into the bottom and fills saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place.
In embodiments of the present invention, saturated CaCl
2Relative moisture is 40%RH in the solution.
In embodiments of the present invention, saturated NH
4Relative moisture is 80%RH in the Cl solution.
In embodiments of the present invention, when the khuskhus seed surpasses dry treatment, also can at room temperature dehydrate khuskhus seed and silica gel are placed in the seed packet.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments application principle of the present invention is further described.
The present invention is directed to the super dry-storage effect of khuskhus seed, anti-dried degree and super dried time super dried technology such as wet condition and study, concrete research technical scheme is as follows:
Experiment material:
(1) vegetable material: heat is ground No. 7 khuskhus (Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.7), water content 8.50%, germination rate 97%;
(2) chemicals: silica gel, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride;
(3) instrument and equipment: illumination box; High constant temperature oven; Biochemical incubator; Aluminium foil bag; Drier; Cracker.
Test method:
(1) super dry seeds obtaining and preserving
Adopt the silica dehydrator method, the seed of super dry treatment places seed packet, is embedded in the interior silica gel of drier, and silica gel is 6: 1 with the seed weight ratio, at room temperature dehydrates.Change every day through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry.Regularly weigh every day, with the super dry seeds of preparation different moisture content.Super dry seeds is sealed in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.
(2) seed moisture content is measured
Measure (State Bureau of Technical Supervision, 2001) according to " grass seed inspection procedure ", adopt high constant temperature oven method, take by weighing seed sample 4.000~5.000g with the one thousandth analytical balance, repeat twice, dry 2h under 130~133 ℃ of conditions, be chilled to room temperature, weigh.
(3) percentage of seedgermination and vitality test
Percentage of seedgermination is measured with reference to " international seed testing rules ".With 80 ℃ of hot water seed soaking, 3~5min, to germinate at the two layers of filter paper bed, temperature is 25 ℃, 100 in every part of seed repeats four times.Record the chitting piece number every day, add up germination vigor behind the 4d, add up germination rate behind the 10d.
Vitality index (VI) is calculated as follows: VI=GI * Sx, germination index GI=∑ (Gt/Dt) wherein, the germinative number of Gt:t after day; Dt: germination number of days; Sx: the seedling of germination 4d long (get 10 strains and measure its mean value) (international seed testing association, 1993).
(4) the khuskhus seed returns wet process
For preventing that dry seed from producing the imbibition damage in germination process, before seed is carried out vitality and every physiological index determining, earlier seed is put into the bottom and filled saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8.5 hours, and put into the bottom then and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place.
The method step of test
The first step: measuring column flowers and plants seed moisture content, germination rate and germination index and record, seed is stored in room temperature;
Second step: seed is placed seed packet, and silica gel is 6: 1 with the seed weight ratio, is embedded in the interior silica gel of drier, at room temperature dehydrates.Change every day through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry.Take out super dry seeds (the suitableeest super dried water content is 3 ± 0.2%) after 6 days, be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.Measure seed moisture content, germination rate and germination index and record;
The 3rd step: take out an amount of super dry seeds, other seeds still are sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.To surpass dry seeds puts into the bottom and fills saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8.5 hours, taking-up is put into the bottom again and is filled saturated NH then
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place;
The 4th step: measure experimental data and records such as seed moisture content, germination rate and germination index.Use in order to other experiment.
Super dry treatment is to the influence of khuskhus seed vitality:
Result of the test shows that super dry treatment is not obvious to the influence of khuskhus percentage of seedgermination, when seed moisture content is not less than 3%, is returned wet process before imbibition is sprouted, and then can not have a negative impact.When seed moisture content was down to 4.24%, without returning wet process, seed vitality reduced with water content, and wherein vitality index descends particularly remarkable.If super dry seeds is through time wet process, when seed moisture content is not less than 3.06%, potentiality of seed reaches 83.8%, germination rate reaches 97.9%, germination index is 42.17, vitality index is 63.26, all is higher than contrast (table 1).The result shows that super dry treatment is harmless to the khuskhus seed, and returns the key factor that wet process is the super dry seeds vigor of assurance before the imbibition sprouting.
The super dry seeds vigor of table 1 khuskhus different moisture content changes
Annotate: N-RH represents to germinate preceding without returning wet process; Warp returned wet process before RH represented to germinate.
The optimum moisture content of room temperature storage khuskhus seed
Result of the test shows that khuskhus has stronger anti-drying capacity.Water content is down to 1.15% and is still had higher germination rate 85%, but activity level illustrates that because the seed overdrying descends super dry treatment damages seed itself.When seed moisture content is not less than 3%, before sprouting, imbibition returned wet process, can prevent seed imbibition damage effectively, keep good germination vigor.Through 50 ℃ of burin-in process 15d, water content is that about 3.06% seed still has stronger ageing resistance, and water content is at the seed more than 5%, and is more fast with its germinating capacity forfeiture of increase of water content, illustrates that ultralow water content seed can improve storability.The result shows that super dry treatment is harmless to the khuskhus seed, and returns the key factor that wet process is the super dry seeds vigor of assurance before the imbibition sprouting.Long term storage khuskhus seed, its optimum moisture content should be (3 ± 0.2) %.
The super dry-storage of khuskhus seed is to the influence of vigor:
The room temperature storage of khuskhus seed is after 2 years, and seed vitality descends very fast, and seed moisture content is down to 3.06%, then demonstrates stronger long keeping ability.As seen from Table 2, at room temperature preserve 2 years through the khuskhus of super dry treatment after, germination rate, seedling grow and index such as seed vitality on still keep higher level, compare with-20 ℃ of stored seedses and significant difference not occur with 5 ℃.The contrast seed is under similarity condition, and indexs such as its germination rate, germination index, seedling length and vitality index reduce significantly, compares with the low temperature storage seed with super dry seeds to present significant difference, and seed has produced serious bad change.
The comparison of table 2 storage khuskhus seed vitality after 2 years
Annotate: different letter representation significant differences (P<0.01).
Innovative technology scheme of the present invention:
Super dry seeds preparation method: silica gel is 6: 1 with the seed weight ratio, is embedded in the interior silica gel of drier, at room temperature dehydrates.Change every day through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry.Take out super dry seeds (the suitableeest super dried water content is 3 ± 0.2%) after 6 days, be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag.
The super dried wet method of returning of seed: earlier seed is put into the bottom and filled saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution (40%RH) wet 8.5 hours, and put into the bottom then and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution (80%RH) wet 8.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place.
The method of the super dried preservation khuskhus seed that the embodiment of the invention provides, be that 6: 1 silica gel and seed is positioned in the drier with weight ratio, at room temperature dehydrate, change every day through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry, take out super dry seeds after 6 days, be sealed in room temperature preservation in the double-layer aluminum-foil bag; Before the khuskhus seed imbibition that super dry treatment is preserved is sprouted, return the vigor that wet process can guarantee super dry seeds effectively, super dried the returning when wetting of seed put into seed the bottom earlier and filled saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and put into the bottom then and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place; Should be super dried method of preserving the khuskhus seed, simple and easy to do, small investment, long-term running expense are low, practical, have stronger popularization and using value.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a super dried preservation khuskhus seed is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is embedded in the khuskhus seed in the drier in the silica gel, at room temperature dehydrates;
Step 2, drier is changed through 120 ℃ of cooled silica gel of oven dry every day;
Step 3 is taken out the super dry seeds in the drier after 6 days, will surpass dry seeds and be sealed in double-layer aluminum-foil bag Shen room temperature preservation.
2. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the drier the weight ratio of the silica gel of putting into and seed be 6: 1.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the long term storage khuskhus kind period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, and the suitableeest super dried water content of super dry seeds is 3 ± 0.2%.
4. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, before the khuskhus seed imbibition that super dry treatment is preserved was sprouted, returning wet process was the key factor that guarantees super dry seeds vigor.
5. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the super dried implementation method of returning wet process of khuskhus seed that super dry treatment is preserved is:
The khuskhus seed of super dry treatment preservation is put into the bottom fill saturated CaCl
2Returned in the drier of solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours;
Put into the bottom again and fill saturated NH
4Returned in the drier of Cl solution wet 8 ± 0.5 hours, and be taken out to room temperature and place.
6. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that saturated CaCl
2Relative moisture is 40%RH in the solution.
7. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that saturated NH
4Relative moisture is 80%RH in the Cl solution.
8. the method for super dried preservation khuskhus seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when the khuskhus seed surpasses dry treatment, also can at room temperature dehydrate khuskhus seed and silica gel are placed in the seed packet.
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Citations (2)
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CN101965906A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-02-09 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Preparation method of stylosanthes guianensis biological feed |
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2013
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4166744A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1979-09-04 | Smith David F | Adhesive cements especially adapted to surgical use |
CN101965906A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-02-09 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Preparation method of stylosanthes guianensis biological feed |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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邹冬梅: "柱花草超干燥种子预先回湿方法研究", 《种子(SEED)》, vol. 23, no. 8, 31 August 2004 (2004-08-31) * |
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