CN103228877A - Internal combustion engine valve actuation and adjustable lift and timing - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine valve actuation and adjustable lift and timing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103228877A
CN103228877A CN2011800558845A CN201180055884A CN103228877A CN 103228877 A CN103228877 A CN 103228877A CN 2011800558845 A CN2011800558845 A CN 2011800558845A CN 201180055884 A CN201180055884 A CN 201180055884A CN 103228877 A CN103228877 A CN 103228877A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
valve
cam
rocking arm
pivotally connected
point
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Pending
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CN2011800558845A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
詹姆斯·M·克利维斯
迈克尔·霍克斯
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Pinnacle Engines Inc
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Pinnacle Engines Inc
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Publication of CN103228877A publication Critical patent/CN103228877A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
    • F01B7/04—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/30—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of positively opened and closed valves, i.e. desmodromic valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L13/0042—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams being profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L5/00—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements
    • F01L5/04—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F01L5/06—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F02B75/282—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders the pistons having equal strokes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A cam can rotate on a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. A rocker arm that actuates a valve of the internal combustion engine can include a rocker pivot connection point located on a distal side of a valve component from a proximate end of the rocker arm that is deflected by action of the cam. The rocker arm can include a contact point located between the rocker pivot point and the proximate end. The contact point can act on the valve component to actuate the valve. The rocker pivot connection point can be translated such that the rocker pivot connection point is closer to or further from the cam. This translation can be used to vary valve lift and/or valve timing. The cam can have a three-dimensional profile to provide different actuation distance of the rocker arm. Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture consistent with one or more of these features are described.

Description

Internal combustion engine valve drives and adjustable lift and timing
To quoting alternately of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application case 61/391 submitted on October 8th, 2010 according to 35U.S.C. § 119 (e), 476, patent name is the preference of " Internal Combustion Engine Valve Actuation and Adjustable Lift and Timing ".The application relates to total U. S. Patent 7,559,298, total and co-pending name is called the International Application PCT/US2011/055457 of " Single Piston Sleeve Valve with Optional Variable Compression Ratio Capability ", and total and co-pending name is called the International Application PCT/US2011/055485 of " Positive Control (Desmodromic) Valve Systems for Internal Combustion Engines ".The disclosure and the accompanying drawing of this section listed each application or patent are incorporated in this in the reference mode.
Technical field
Theme described herein relates generally to internal-combustion engine, the especially operation of the valve of control air inlet and/or relief opening in this motor.
Background technique
Internal-combustion engine generally includes one or more pistons, in its each cylinder in one or more cylinders that defined by engine cylinder-body or other engine structures, moves in reciprocating mode.Air and/or fuel are passed to firing chamber in each cylinder by one or more air inlet ports, and waste gas is by being discharged from the firing chamber of one or more relief openings in each cylinder.The control of the opening and closing of suction port and relief opening is normally provided by one or more valves, and it can be reciprocating type lift valve, telescoping valve or analog.
The lift valve comprises cone-shaped valve head, and it inserts from the hole that valve head extends and valve rod with guiding and/or activate the valve head motion that is used to open and close valve.In internal-combustion engine with single piston of each cylinder, be set at two or more lift valves in the cylinder head with respect to piston head, be normally used for controlling the opening and closing of suction port and relief opening.The configuration of some each cylinder engine list pistons, for example those that describe in the total and common generation International Application PCT/US2011/055457 that determines comprise telescoping valve, as the U. S. Patent 7 that is having, those that describe in 559,298 are as opposed piston type engine.
Telescoping valve forms part or all of cylinder wall usually.In some changed, telescoping valve was along its axis front-rear reciprocation movement, thereby suction port and relief opening are introduced air or fuel/air mixture enters the firing chamber to open and close at reasonable time, and discharged products of combustion from the firing chamber.In other changed, telescoping valve can be around its axis rotation to open and close suction port and relief opening.
Summary of the invention
In one aspect, system comprises cam and rocking arm, and cam rotates on the camshaft of internal-combustion engine, and rocking arm drives the valve of internal-combustion engine.Rocking arm comprises the rocker pivot tie point on the distal side of the valve assembly that is positioned at the rocking arm near-end, and its action by cam is deflected.Rocking arm comprises the point of contact between rocker pivot point and near-end.Point of contact acts on valve assembly with actuating valve.
One be mutually related aspect, a kind of method comprises by causing rotation that cam is mounted camshaft thereon rotating the cam of internal-combustion engine, and the valve that drives internal-combustion engine by the motion of rocking arm.Rocking arm comprises the rocker pivot tie point on the distal side of the valve assembly that is positioned at the rocking arm near-end, and it is deflected by employing of cam.Rocking arm further comprises the point of contact between rocker pivot point and near-end.Point of contact acts on valve assembly with actuating valve.
In some change, one or more can randomly being included in any feasible combination in the following function.According to the input of the throttle that receives from accelerator control device, pivotally connected some conversion system can be included to randomly cause that pivotally connected point is drawn close or away from cam.Move the pivotally connected valve that causes alternatively reducing under the rocking arm drive controlling near cam and close the lift amount that valve seat experiences, and mobile causing alternatively pivotally connectedly closed the lift amount that valve seat is experienced away from cam with the valve that causes being increased under the rocking arm drive controlling.Mobile pivotally connected point causes the driving early of the valve under the rocking arm drive controlling alternatively near cam, and moves the pivotally connected delay driving that causes the valve under the rocking arm drive controlling away from cam alternatively.Cam comprises the threedimensional cam profile alternatively, and it can comprise at least two cam profiles that cause the different deflection distances of rocking arm near-end.The threedimensional cam profile further comprises the cam profile of continuous variable alternatively.The near-end of rocking arm comprises rotating follower alternatively, and it is in response to rotating relative to rocking arm with the interaction of at least two cam profiles.The near-end of rocking arm comprises alternatively with cam and carries out interactional follower.Valve comprises telescoping valve or lift valve alternatively.
The details of the one or more variations of the present invention is set forth in following appended accompanying drawing and specification.By specification, accompanying drawing and claim, other features and advantages of the present invention described herein will be apparent.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the part of book as an illustration, reflects some aspect of the present invention, helps to understand the principle that is associated with specific embodiment with specification.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the sectional drawing of part internal-combustion engine, wherein two opposed pistons to-and-fro motion in cylinder;
Fig. 2 shows the cross-sectional view of part internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 illustrates the cross-sectional view of part internal-combustion engine, the to-and-fro motion in each cylinder of wherein single piston;
Fig. 4 illustrates the schematic representation of setting forth the variation in the valve stroke that is attended by the variation of rocker pivot point;
Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic representation of setting forth the variation in the valve driving timing that is attended by the variation of rocker pivot point;
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C illustrate rocking arm respectively and open, close and connect the side view of controlling track configurations;
Fig. 7 illustrates and connects the plan view of controlling the rocking arm in the track configurations;
Fig. 8 illustrates the stereogram of threedimensional cam configuration;
Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B illustrate the side view with gentle flat follower that rotates freely;
Figure 10 illustrates the cross-sectional view of the threedimensional cam of series;
Figure 11 A, Figure 11 B illustrate the side view that rotating finger contacts follower with Figure 11 C;
Figure 12 illustrates the side view of crooked finger contact follower;
Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B illustrate rocking arm etc. axonometric drawing;
Figure 14 illustrates the viewgraph of cross-section of threedimensional cam;
Figure 15 illustrates the flow chart of the each side of setting forth the method with the corresponding to feature of realization one or more and of the present invention.
When feasible, similar reference number is represented similar structure, function or element.
Embodiment
The valve-type that no matter in internal-combustion engine, uses, and the type that is independent of motor equally to a great extent, some form of the reciprocable valve of moving between the opening and closing position in to-and-fro motion normally is used for opening and closing suction port and relief opening at reasonable time in the engine cycles process.Valve Drive System commonly used relies on the spring of opening the camshaft of valve and being used for valve closing usually.Yet other system utilizes the hydraulic pressure or the pneumatic system of valve driving.No matter what motor used is the Valve Drive System of what type, the intake ﹠ exhaust valves door has proposed a series of challenge to desired characteristics such as timing, lift, endurance, sealing, productibility, maintainability are provided.
Cam is rotation or slider in mechanical linkage, and its will rotatablely move (for example, camshaft) converts straight line motion to, and vice versa.Cam generally is that (part of) a part or camshaft (for example, having erose cylinder) for example, eccentric wheel, it clashes into lever on the one or more points on its circular path for partial rotation wheel.It is to be designed to follow the roller of cam or the specific type of needle bearing that cam follower is also referred to as the track follower.In having the internal-combustion engine of piston, can use one or more camshafts operation intake ﹠ exhaust valves doors with guiding combustion of liquid (for example, air and/or fuel) and waste gas from the firing chamber or the chamber of motor enter and discharge.Cam is by pushing valve when the rotation of valve or some intermediary agencies or some intermediary agencies (for example, rocking bar or rocking arm) open valve.
Rocking bar or rocking arm generally are rocker arms, and the straight line motion that its radial motion transmission with nose of cam is a valve is to open and/or cut-off valve.The lug boss of one end of rocking arm by rotation lug boss or camshaft is raised and reduces (no matter be directly or by cam follower or lowering or hoisting gear and push rod) and its other end acts on valve.When the outside of nose of cam lift arm, inboard by being pressed on the valve, thus open valve.Because the rotation of camshaft when being allowed to return, the inboard rising allows valve spring to close this valve when the outside of arm.The effective lever of arm (thereby power that it can apply on valve) determined by the rocking arm ratio, the distance from the rotating center of rocking arm to the top divided by from the selection center to ratio by the distance of the point of camshaft or push rod effect.
Fig. 1 shows the part sectioned view of the internal-combustion engine 100 with a pair of opposed pistons, and it comprises the first piston 102 and second piston 104.First piston 102 operationally is coupled to first arbor 106 by first connecting rod 110, and second piston 104 is by second connecting rod 114, operationally to be coupled to second arbor 112.As shown in Figure 1, first arbor 106 operationally is coupled to second arbor 112 by gear synchronously a series of or that otherwise control the motion of the first piston 102 and second piston 104.During power operation, the first piston 102 and second piston 104 in the cylindrical hole of the arranged in co-axial alignment that forms by corresponding telescoping valve towards with to-and-fro motion away from each other.More specifically, first piston 102 is front-rear reciprocation movement in exhaust sleeve valve 116, and second piston 104 front-rear reciprocation movement in corresponding air inlet telescoping valve 120.Exhaust sleeve valve 116 and air inlet telescoping valve 120 also can open and close corresponding relief opening 122 and suction port 124 respectively with the reasonable time in the engine cycles process by front-rear reciprocation movement, thereby transmit air and/or fuel to the firing chamber 126, it is at least in part by exhaust and air inlet telescoping valve 116,120 and 102,104 definition of first and second pistons.
Fig. 2 illustrates cross section Figure 200 of the internal-combustion engine 100 of Fig. 1.As the further elaboration among Fig. 2, the first pivot rocking arm 230 (being also referred to as " rocking bar " 230) has proximal part that contacts with 232 operations of corresponding first nose of cam and the distal portions that operationally is coupled to exhaust sleeve valve 116.The first pivot rocking arm 230 is opened exhaust sleeve valve 116, and for example the sealing the margin by mobile exhaust sleeve valve 116 is away from its corresponding first valve seat 234.Similarly, pivot rocking arm 236 (being also referred to as " rocking bar " 240) has proximal part that contacts with 240 operations of second nose of cam and the distal portions that operationally is coupled to air inlet telescoping valve 120.Pivot rocking arm 236 is opened air inlet telescoping valve 120, and for example the sealing the margin by moving forward into gas telescoping valve 120 is away from its corresponding second valve seat 242.
First nose of cam 232 is configurable on the first suitable camshaft, and it can operationally be coupled to corresponding arbor by one or more gears.At exhaust side, for example, the rotation of first nose of cam 232 can be in a direction (for example, the proximal part of driving first rocking bar 230 from left to right), this distal portions that causes first rocking arm 230 conversely in opposite direction (for example, from right to left) drive exhaust sleeve valve 116, thereby open relief opening 122.Similarly action can occur in the air inlet side, wherein the rotation of second nose of cam 240 can be in a direction (for example, the proximal part of driving second rocking arm 236 from right to left), this distal portions that causes second rocking arm 236 conversely again in the opposite direction (for example, from left to right) drive air inlet telescoping valve 120, thereby open suction port 124.
Each exhaust sleeve valve 116 and air inlet telescoping valve 120 are pressed onto operating position by corresponding biasing element, for example first helical spring 244 of biasing element and second largest helical spring 246, wherein each is all at the flange on the bottom of corresponding telescoping valve be fixed between the counter surface of corresponding arbor and be compressed.Under the control of first nose of cam 232, first biasing element 244 orders about exhaust sleeve valve 116 from left to right to close relief opening 122, and under the control of second nose of cam 240, second biasing element 246 orders about air inlet telescoping valve 120 from right to left to close suction port 124.
In the process of operation motor 100, gas pressure directly acts on to the exhaust sleeve valve 116 of small part and the ring packing edge of air inlet telescoping valve 120, and by the piston side load that produces with respect to the piston rod angle of cylinder axis, can be tending towards tilting or otherwise raise respectively exhaust sleeve valve 116 and air inlet telescoping valve 120 to break away from their first valve seat 234 and second valve seats 242 separately.If 120 sealings of exhaust sleeve valve 116 and air inlet telescoping valve are insufficient, may cause some adverse consequencess, comprise that to burn valve, power loss, fuel economy poor, accelerated wear test etc.
The tilting force that is caused by the piston rod angle and from the opening force of combustion-gas pressure can be tending towards increasing in the cylinder-bore increasing diameter added-time.Therefore, bigger bore engine needs bigger biasing element (as spring) to offset the inclination/lift power in the operating process usually.Bigger spring is tending towards having lower free frequency, but its restriction operation velocity range is specific engine design.In addition, the other system of drive spool valve, as hydraulic system, for the manufacturing and the assembling of such motor, may implement relatively costlyly maybe may increase unwanted complexity.
As mentioned above, traditional piston engine (for example, those do not use the motor of the opposed pistons) suction port and the relief opening that can use the combination of lift valve, telescoping valve or lift valve and telescoping valve to serve the firing chamber with opening and closing.Fig. 3 show have two in the cylinder head 306 that is located at reciprocating piston 310 opposites lift valve 302 and an example of 304 motor 300.The opening and closing of the opening and closing of the first lift valve, 302 control suction ports 120 and the second lift valve, 304 control relief openings 124.First cam 312 of rotation makes 316 deflections of first rocking arm cause that to drive the first lift valve suction port 120 opens on first camshaft 314, and second cam 320 that rotates on second camshaft makes 324 deflections of second rocking arm cause opening of relief opening 122 to drive 322 first lift valves.
One or more embodiment of the present invention provides method, system or structure etc., can provide lift and/or feature regularly about the valve driving in internal-combustion engine in other possible advantages.These features that can be used in any feasible combination can be optimized the air inlet rate according to current engine operating status, for example by allowing valve and/or the dynamic change regularly from the one-period of internal-combustion engine to the next cycle of internal-combustion engine.
By from the pivoting point of cam orientation rocking arm on the cylinder distally, the power on the pivot of acting on can be reduced only about half of with respect to power on the valve, because be that cam force or pivotal force all act on the same direction, with respect to the power that produces by spring and valve inertia.Cam needs enough to move to produce identical valve greatly, but power is reduced.In certain embodiments, the minimizing of power can enough reduce or even the needs of eliminate roller follower.
According to one or more embodiments, punching press, that forge, casting or the like rocking arm can comprise socket on the end, to closely cooperate with the adjustable spheroid that is connected to engine cylinder-body.Hole in the middle of rocking arm can be provided to allow the valve rod of telescoping valve or lift valve to pass and contact cover plate with the driving flank on mesh sleeve valve or the valve rod.The other end of rocking arm can comprise roller follower, accurate slip surface with the contact cam, or the like.
In one embodiment, its example is shown among Fig. 4, and the pivoting point of rocking bar can be repositioned on the side with respect to the valve of the action of cam point on the rocking bar, rather than between cam and valve.Thereby the load on cam and the pivot can be reduced to exchange for from the action in the longer path of cam.This position that dynamic adjustment rocking bar pivotal point can be provided of reorientating is to change the selection of valve stroke.Fig. 4 shows the system 400 of the position change valve stroke that is used for dynamically adjusting by this way rocker pivot point.The point of contact of the point of contact of the position 402 of rocker pivot point 404, rocking bar far-end and cam base circle 406 and rocking bar far-end and nose of cam 410 can define the triangle of expression rocking bar center line scope.Very little displacement occurs in leg-of-mutton pivot pin end and maximum displacement occurs in cam center line position 412.The position of valve center line 414 can be arranged on the revocable distance apart from camshaft location 412.By reducing the distance between valve position of center line 414 and the pivot location 402, triangle can be shortened near valves in mobile rocker pivot position 402, thereby causes than the lower valve stroke condition 416 of the neutrallty condition that occurs in rocker pivot position 402 with lift condition 420 in the middle of providing.On the contrary, leg-of-mutton to the maximum displacement end by the migration line towards cams/rocker, mobile pivot location 402 valve center line 414 further away from each other can increase valve stroke, thereby produces than occurring in the bigger valve stroke condition 422 of valve stroke condition neutral, the centre 420.
System 500 as shown in Figure 5, the current location 502 of mobile rocker pivot position 402 also can comprise the point of contact 504 that changes point of action or the cam on roller follower 506.The current location 502 of rocker pivot position 402 towards or when moving away from camshaft location 412, the point of contact 504 between cam and the roller follower 506 also can move.This motion can produce the effect that changes cam phase, just as the agency part (for example nose of cam 410) of cam profile take place morning 510, slower 512 or constant 514 according to the neutrallty condition in the cam rotation, this depends on the current location 502 of rocker pivot position 402.This Phasing is regulated to be used or to have enough scopes by utilization with aforesaid lift shown in Figure 4 alternatively and is avoided with the flat follower that the length via the adjustment of pivot point 402 contacts cam.
Phasing also can be implemented to reduce cost by follower rather than the roller follower that uses crooked punching press (perhaps alternatively).Use protruding servo-actuated contact profile can realize such structure, so that it is around cam base circle.With the geometrical shape of the corresponding to rocking bar of the present invention can be flat or crooked.In certain embodiments, if the displacement of rocker pivot position 402 is and by the straight line parallel of the point of contact between rocker pivot point 404 and cam base circle 406 and the cam follower 506 504 definition, flat geometrical shape can be simple, effectively.
In another embodiment, can use three-dimensional (3D) but or variable contour cam, wherein cam profile changes with axial position and position, angle.Because the high contact stress that the contact of the point between cam and the follower produces, the threedimensional cam profile can be unpractical in some motor.Yet, the favourable use of the structure as the lower driving force of above-mentioned opposed pivoting point can allow.
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C illustrate valve and open that the side view of rocking bar 600, valve are closed the side view of rocking bar 602 and the side view of company's control track rocking bar combination 700 of being used for being used in combination with the corresponding to telescoping valve of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 7 illustrates and connects the plan view of controlling track rocking bar combination 700.As shown in the figure, cam 604 can be set to be positioned on the sleeve driving flank 610 at middle lift place perpendicular to the travel axis of telescoping valve 606 and with its center line.The pivoting point 404 of each rocking bar can be positioned at opposite (for example, far-end) side of valve according to cam position.The nose of cam of opening 410 can deflect into the opposite side that a side of cylinder centerline and the nose of cam 612 of closing (for example, at Fig. 6 B and Fig. 6 C) can deflect to cylinder centerline.As shown in Figure 7, even control track rocking bar combination 700 and see that being formed fork-shaped closes rocking bar 702, it has two cam followers 704 that covered by the rocking bar of opening 706, and, the rocking bar of opening 706 only has a follower 710, and it is positioned in fork-shaped and closes in the fork of two cam followers 704 on the rocking bar 702.Connect control track rocking bar combination 700 can be on both direction actuating valve, it can provide the forward closing force of closing response and extra valve than spring faster in certain embodiments.
In some changed, threedimensional cam can be made up of the layer of narrow two-dimensional silhouette 802, and it has continuously arranged equal basic circle on camshaft 804, shown in the system 800 of for example Fig. 8.Width is equal to or less than the single follower 506 of each narrow two-dimensional silhouette 802 can follow the tracks of cam.In such structure, rocking bar is formed stirrup 806 alternatively, thereby valve 810 thinks that by the center of stirrup 806 rocking bar provides two pivoting points 810 to stablize single follower 506.Therefore single follower 506 can be followed the tracks of one deck 802 of cam storehouse, axial position according to cam, the basic circle portion of the unloading of cam rotation transfer to from a 2D cam profile 802 another during, cam position can be adjusted to another from an indexing position.Thereby several different 2D cam profiles 80 can be obtained by relatively low driving force.According to the width of each cam layer 802, improved follower 506 can be used in to guarantee maintenance.Improved follower 506 like this comprises the follower of flange alternatively.This configuration may need to improve cam profile, just takes as follower during the base circle portion of cam on flange and is driving the core of phase transition to follower 506.
Follower 506 also can be narrow finger follower, and contact allows load.This configuration can reduce the needed width of each cam layer.As shown in Figure 8, each 2D profile layer 802 advantageously is wider than follower wheel 506 and is added support arm and some edges.The enforcement of finger follower can be adopted in some change and the follower 506 cam layer of width much at one.
Such stratiform cam can be included in the calibration feature in the cam switching mechanism, so that cam only is placed at specific cam 2D layer 802 and follower 506 places that are aligned.Such feature can adopt the form of series of grooves in camshaft 804, for example load the spring of barrier element.Alternatively, can use the calibration cylindrical form, with the appearance of the gear change system of internal combustion locomotive order, wherein the location of the groove in the surface of cylindrical elements reverse shift fork is to determine the position of cam.If the gear shift drum is deflected in a direction and by spring deflection by engine speed (for example, by centrifugal driving or oil pressure) or motor vacuum and returns, continuous then pressure balance can be converted into the step of determining of cam position.
For the continuous three-dimensional cam, have from one and be restricted to the continuous intermediate profile of other restriction, flat finger follower 902 on pivoting point 904, can be used to reduce contact load.If cam profile is designed such that the plane of gentle nonreentrant surface profile and is held the leap cam face, have the line that the gentle flat follower that rotates freely can be approximated to be on the narrow width in Fig. 9 A and the system 900 shown in Fig. 9 B and contact, rather than point contacts.
Figure 10 shows the system 1000 of the continuous three-dimensional cam example of setting forth the scope with pivoting finger vibration.Viewgraph of cross-section 1002,1004 and 1006 illustrates each displacement along the axle of the threedimensional cam feature 1010 of the continuous variable of rotation on camshaft 804 at three part A, B and C of effective nose of cam 410.
Figure 11 A, Figure 11 B and Figure 11 C illustrate system 1100, and system 1100 has set forth the interaction feature of the rotatable finger follower 1102 with position cam spacing variation.Figure 11 A shows along the side view of the axle of camshaft 804, wherein rotating finger follower 1102 links to each other with rocking arm 1104; rocking arm 1104 is fixing and interact with the flank feature 1106 of valve or valve assembly 1110 (for example, can be the valve body of sleeve or the valve rod of valve stroke valve) by pivoting point 404.Rotating finger follower 1102 can be freely relative to rocking arm 1104 about axle or other rotationally connection features 1112 rotate.Shown in Figure 11 B, when the base circle portion with cam interacted, rotating finger follower 1102 did not rotate around axle 1112.Yet, during mutual with variable threedimensional cam feature 810, in response to the different profile of the variable threedimensional cam feature 810 of rotation on camshaft 804, rotating finger follower 1102 in the plane of Figure 11 A around axle 1112 swings.
The top 1202 of finger follower 1102 can slight curvature, for example shown in the view 1200 of Figure 12.Thereby the top of the follower that flexes one's fingers can be near the surface of roller follower by shifting the phase shift of rocker pivot point permission cam, for example in mode as described above.
Rocking bar forms by machining, punching press or other method for preparing engine components alternatively.Consistent with one or more embodiments of the present invention, rocking bar can comprise folded sides or flange, it is formed near the contact area of itself and valve the rocking bar.Should folding material or flange can provide extra rigidity for the structure of rocking bar, and can on one or two end, extend all outlets to the end of rocking bar so that the rigidity of desired level to be provided.Alternatively, folded sides can comprise the material at opposite sides of the axle of supporting the roller follower or the base that matches with the pommel.The pommel can be arbitrarily adjustable so that the valve clearance adjustment to be provided.Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B illustrate the top and bottom perspective views with the corresponding to rocking bar 1300 of this embodiment respectively.Rocking bar 1300 can comprise first or the close end 1302 that has and be configured to carry the U-shaped folder portion 1304 of cam follower 506 corresponding axles 1306.Rocking bar 1300 can also comprise second or the distal portion 1310 with first and second arms 1312,1314 that can extend around the opposite side of the valve rod of telescoping valve or lift valve.First and second arms 1312,1314 (for example: pivot pin) pivotally to support one or more slide blocks or other valve driving assemblies can comprise recess 1316,1318 (for example, columned recess) and/or other suitable feature.As shown in Figure 13 B, each first and second arm 1312,1314 can comprise corresponding flange 1320,1322, and it is formed and/or its size is suitably for rocking bar 1300 and provides extra rigidity to reduce in operating process or to minimize unnecessary deflection.Also illustrate in the view, the bottom surface of rocking bar 1300 can comprise the recess 1324 of the hemispherical or analogous shape that is configured to receive corresponding rocker pivot top.
Continuously threedimensional cam also provides the potential advantages of driving, for example eliminates the conventional throttle valve fully and controls direct drive cam position to change valve stroke with accelerator by allowing.The moment of torsion more or less of operator's demand can be converted into the roughly the same mode of conventional throttle valve and allow greater or lesser combustion charge (for example, the mixture of air and fuel) to enter motor.
The lower cam loads that opposed rocker pivot point provides also can allow simpler cam structure simple, particularly has the mini engine of low valve load.The polymer cam, or have the cam of the polymer projection portion of mold on tubular shafts, or have by the cam that is pressed in the sintering lug boss on solid or the tubular shafts, the cost that can be lower than conventional cam is in certain embodiments produced.Optionally manufacture process can be particularly useful for threedimensional cam, and its surface may more be difficult to grind or otherwise form according to conventional methods.In some changed, basic lug boss form can be injection molded into durable fluoropolymer resin, no matter was unprocessed or (for example, by sputtering method etc.) of using that hard conating uses, or used powder metallurgy and surface hardening to form.Chemical etching, media blast, polishing treatment or the like can be applied to surface smoothingization selectively, and it can have the benefit that the grinding of saving needs.Another kind of possible method prepares threedimensional cam and can comprise the outer surface punching press of lug boss or form powder, use the outer surface and the axle of the bonding lug boss of polymer adhesive then, for example as shown in figure 14, wherein polymer three-dimensional cam 1400 forms on camshaft 804, with as the light weight, the cheap core 1402 that are applied by hard, more durable outer surface 1404.
Process chart 1500 shown in Figure 15 shows the corresponding to method feature with one or more embodiments of the present invention.In 1502, the internal-combustion engine cam is by the camshaft that cam is installed on it is rotated.In 1504, the valve of internal-combustion engine is driven by the motion of rocking arm, comprises the rocker pivot tie point that is positioned at the valve assembly distal side from the rocking arm near-end, and it is by the deflection of cam action institute.Rocking arm also comprises the point of contact between rocker pivot point and near-end.Point of contact acts on the valve assembly with actuating valve.Alternatively, in 1506, for example pivotally connected by pivotally connected point converting system change with move pivotally connected point near or away from cam.Motion can be in response to the throttle valve input that receives from the throttle valve control equipment of internal-combustion engine.Equally alternatively, in 1510, the rocking arm near-end can use the cam with threedimensional cam profile to change.
Embodiment in the above-mentioned explanation does not represent all and the consistent embodiment of invention described here.On the contrary, they only are some and the more corresponding to examples of described invention related fields.Though some variations are described in detail at this, other modification or also augment to may.Especially, further feature and/or variation can be provided in except described example.For example, the foregoing description can be applied to the various combination of disclosed feature and/or combination and the sub-portfolio of sub-portfolio and above-mentioned discloseder further features.In addition, described here and logic flow that be described in the drawings does not necessarily require shown particular order or continuous order to obtain required result.Claims can comprise other concrete example or embodiment.

Claims (20)

1. system comprises:
Cam rotates on the camshaft of internal-combustion engine;
Rocking arm, drive the valve of described internal-combustion engine, described rocking arm comprises the rocker pivot tie point that is positioned at from the distal side of the valve assembly of the near-end of described rocking arm, the deflection of described rocker pivot tie point by the action of described cam, described rocking arm comprises the tie point between described rocker pivot point and described near-end, and described tie point acts on described valve assembly to drive described valve.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 further comprises pivotally connected point converting system, and described pivotally connected point converting system is according to the throttle valve input that receives from throttle valve control equipment, described pivotally connected point is moved and near or away from described cam.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, wherein move described pivotally connected point and cause described rocking arm to drive the minimizing of the lift amount that experienced of lifting off a seat of described valve down near described cam, and move described pivotally connected away from described cam cause described rocking arm drive under the lift off a seat increase of the lift amount that experienced of described valve.
4. system as claimed in claim 2, wherein move described pivotally connected point and cause drive the morning of described valve under the described rocking arm driving, and move the described pivotally connected delay driving that causes described valve under the described rocking arm driving away from described cam near described cam.
5. as the described system of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 4, wherein said cam comprises the threedimensional cam profile, and described threedimensional cam profile comprises the cam profile of the different deflection distances of at least two described near-ends that cause described rocking arm.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said threedimensional cam profile further comprises the cam profile of continuous variable.
7. system as claimed in claim 5, the described near-end of wherein said described rocking arm comprises rotatable follower, described rotatable follower is in response to rotating with respect to described rocking arm with the interaction of described at least two cam profiles.
8. as the described system of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 7, the described near-end of wherein said rocking arm comprises and the interactional follower of described cam.
9. as the described system of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 8, wherein said valve comprises telescoping valve.
10. as the described system of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 9, wherein said valve comprises the lift valve.
11. a method comprises:
By causing the rotation that is installed in described camshaft OHC, rotate the cam of internal-combustion engine;
Move by rocking arm, drive the valve of described internal-combustion engine, described rocking arm comprises the rocker pivot tie point that is positioned at from the distal side of the valve assembly of the near-end of described rocking arm, the deflection of described rocker pivot tie point by the action of described cam, described rocking arm comprises the tie point between described rocker pivot point and described near-end, and described tie point acts on described valve assembly to drive described valve.
12. method as claimed in claim 11 further comprises the described pivotally connected point of conversion so that described pivotally connectedly move and close or away from described cam according to the throttle valve input that receives from throttle valve control equipment.
13. method as claimed in claim 12, wherein move described pivotally connected point and cause described rocking arm to drive the lift off a seat minimizing of the lift amount that experienced of described valve down near described cam, and and move described pivotally connected away from described cam cause described rocking arm drive under the lift off a seat increase of the lift amount that experienced of described valve.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, wherein move described pivotally connected point and cause drive the morning of described valve under the described rocking arm driving, and move the described pivotally connected delay driving that causes described valve under the described rocking arm driving away from described cam near described cam.
15. as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 11 to 14, wherein said cam comprises the threedimensional cam profile, described threedimensional cam profile comprises the cam profile of the different deflection distances of at least two described near-ends that cause described rocking arm.
16. method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said threedimensional cam profile further comprises the cam profile of continuous variable.
17. method as claimed in claim 15, the described near-end of wherein said described rocking arm comprises rotatable follower, and described rotatable follower is in response to rotating with respect to described rocking arm with the interaction of described at least two cam profiles.
18. as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 11 to 17, the described near-end of wherein said rocking arm comprises and the interactional follower of described cam.
19. as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 11 to 18, wherein said valve comprises telescoping valve.
20. as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 11 to 19, wherein said valve comprises the lift valve.
CN2011800558845A 2010-10-08 2011-10-08 Internal combustion engine valve actuation and adjustable lift and timing Pending CN103228877A (en)

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