CN103225539A - Variable stroke engine - Google Patents
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- CN103225539A CN103225539A CN2013101132465A CN201310113246A CN103225539A CN 103225539 A CN103225539 A CN 103225539A CN 2013101132465 A CN2013101132465 A CN 2013101132465A CN 201310113246 A CN201310113246 A CN 201310113246A CN 103225539 A CN103225539 A CN 103225539A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a variable stroke engine which comprises an air cylinder head, an air cylinder body and an electronic control unit, wherein the upper part of the air cylinder body is connected with the air cylinder head; a cam shaft is fixed on the rear side of an inner wall of the air cylinder head; a cam is mounted on the cam shaft in a sleeving manner; a combustion chamber is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder head; the two sides of the combustion chamber are communicated with an overhead air inlet channel and an overhead air outlet channel respectively; the upper ends of overhead air inlet and outlet valves are connected with rocker arms respectively; the upper ends of the rocker arms are connected with a power switch device; a side air inlet channel and a side air outlet channel are formed on the left side and the right side of a piston; and the front side and the rear side of the piston are communicated with air sweeping channels respectively. According to the variable stroke engine, the available engine is not changed greatly; a contour line of the cam is not required to be changed; the transformation cost is low; the variable stroke engine has the advantages of four strokes and two strokes; the power performance and the emission performance of the engine are improved effectively; a stroke operation mode can be adjusted automatically according to different working conditions; and the variable stroke engine is wide in application scope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vehicle motor technical field, relate in particular to the motor of stroke changeable.
Background technique
The reciprocation cycle reciprocating engine can be according to the number of stroke classification of a work cycle, and modal is two-stroke and four-stroke two classes.Also occur three strokes, five strokes, six-stroke even eight strokes in recent years, but all only be in conceptual phase, also far away from practical application.Circulation of two stroke engine comprises two strokes, and piston stroking upward is scavenging ventilation and compression stroke, and descent of piston is acting and exhaust stroke.Circulation of four stroke engine comprises four strokes, piston descending air inlet for the first time, up compression, descending acting for the second time, up exhaust.
Two kinds of motors have good and bad separately.The two stroke engine compact structure is done merit one time for per 360 °, and the workmanship number of times has been Duoed one times than four stroke engine in the unit time, and power per liter is bigger, under discharge capacity, in actual cycle power per liter than the high 50%-70% of four-stroke, the high 30%-50% of moment of torsion; Comparing four-stroke does not have structures such as cam, valve, and simple in structure, cost is lower.But its shortcoming is also clearly: time of exchanging gas is short, also comprises for 80%～70% scavenging time, and ventilation effect is poor, remaining more waste gas, and have a large amount of fresh charges to run off; Under various working, gas exchange process alters a great deal, and makes working state depart from the matching status of optimization, so be difficult to adapt to various working; The overlapping time of scavenging is long, has a large amount of fresh combustion gases to overflow, and reduces fuel economy, has increased the discharging of HC.
The advantage of four stroke engine is that breathing action separates fully, scavenging efficiency height, abundant, and fuel economy is good, effectively reduces the not combustion HC content in the discharging; Longer than two-stroke because of average working stroke, the time of effective acting is more, and it is higher to cause combustion efficiency, and fuel consumption rate is low; Moment of torsion output is steady, and it is smooth-going to do work.But the shortcoming of four stroke engine is crankshaft rotating two circles, and piston is only done merit one time, only is two stroke 50% with the output of the power under the discharge capacity in theory.
To sum up, two-stroke and four-stroke respectively have excellent lacking, and two stroke engine usually is used on the motorcycle, and four stroke engine is normally used on the sedan-chair passenger vehicle.Therefore how the advantage of two stroke engine and four-stroke motor is integrated, how research realizes stroke changeable, makes that cost is lower and efficient is higher, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, raising engine power performance are had realistic meaning.
The stroke changeable technology mainly contains two classes at present.The first kind is to change expansion ratio or compression ratio by changing piston inner structure or connecting rod, has only changed length of stroke, does not accomplish the combination of two kinds of circulation modes.Second class is to change circulation mode, can be with two, 4 two kind of stroke mode operation.It mainly is two kinds of implementations: a kind of implementation is for being the multi-cylinder cooperation, it is existing two stroke cylinder in the motor, four-stroke cylinder is arranged again, in the time of need doing the two-stroke motion, start two stroke cylinder, when needing the four-stroke motion, close two stroke cylinder, start four-stroke cylinder, such design is not high to the utilization ratio of cylinder body, and take up room, not only increased the weight of motor but also increased cost; Another kind of implementation is for utilizing one to overlap that gas distribution system realizes two simultaneously, four-stroke.Because two four-strokes all need the intake and exhaust of controlling by valve, except needs design two cover cammings, also need the system of a variable cam to realize switching, increased design and manufacturing cost greatly; Use Overhead valve under two-stroke mode, to be difficult to guarantee ventilation effect,, cause ventilation insufficient easily because time of exchanging gas is short; Need do bigger improvement to the layout and the intake duct of intake and exhaust port, increase design cost, the commercial exploitation prospect is not high; Supporting handover control system is very complicated, and stability is not high.
Therefore, at above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of motor of stroke changeable.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of motor of stroke changeable, can switch between two-stroke and four-stroke, make the power character of motor and Economy more adaptation condition the time, it is little to take volume, the handover control system operation is simple, and reforming cost is low.
(2) technological scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of motor of stroke changeable, it comprises cylinder head, cylinder block and electronic control unit, the top of described cylinder block connects cylinder head, the rear side of described cylinder head inwall is fixed with camshaft, be set with cam on the camshaft, the bottom of described cylinder head is provided with the firing chamber, the front end of described firing chamber is connected with spark plug, the both sides of described firing chamber are communicated with overhead intake duct and overhead air outlet flue respectively, the bottom of described overhead intake duct and overhead air outlet flue is respectively equipped with the overhead inlet and exhaust valve, and the upper end of described overhead inlet and exhaust valve is connected with rocking arm respectively, and the upper end of described rocking arm connects switchover apparatus;
Be provided with piston in the described cylinder block, the left side of piston is provided with the side intake duct, be provided with first solenoid valve in the side intake duct, the opposite side of described piston is communicated with the side air outlet flue, be provided with second solenoid valve in the side air outlet flue, described internal piston is provided with connecting rod, the lower end of connecting rod is connected with bent axle, described piston lower end is communicated with crankcase, described crankcase is communicated with the lower end of side intake duct, the front side of described piston and rear side are communicated with scavenging air belt respectively, are provided with the 3rd solenoid valve in the described scavenging air belt of lower end connection crankcase of described scavenging air belt.
Be respectively equipped with CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor and crankshaft position sensor on described camshaft and the bent axle.
Described overhead intake duct and side intake duct leading portion have common intake duct, are provided with closure in the described common intake duct, and described closure is provided with engine load sensor.
Described electronic control unit connects first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, the 3rd solenoid valve, CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor, crankshaft position sensor, engine load sensor and switchover apparatus respectively.
Be set with cam gear on the described bent axle, the other end of described cam gear is sleeved on the camshaft.
The speed ratio that described bent axle drives camshaft is 2:1.
Described piston is positioned at the below of firing chamber, and described piston inner wall is provided with wrist pin, and described connecting rod is fixedly connected on internal piston by wrist pin.
(3) beneficial effect
Technique scheme of the present invention has following advantage: the change to available engine is little, need not to change the profile line of cam, reforming cost is low, have four-stroke and two stroke advantage concurrently, effectively improve the power character and the emission performance of motor, can adjust stroke operating mode, applied range (all kinds of cars or motorcycle) automatically according to different operating modes, traffic congestion or red light and the situation that stops to travel, variable stroke engine adopts the two stroke operation pattern when starting, can export bigger power and moment of torsion, starting capability is increased; When high speed or middle-low load operation, adopt the four-stroke mode of operation, the fuel efficiency height reduces the not combustion HC in the discharging; Be suitable for promoting on a large scale.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the elevational cross-sectional view of the motor of stroke changeable of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that sectional view is looked on the left side of the motor of stroke changeable of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the mode of operation reference drawing of the motor of stroke changeable of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1: cam; 2: the overhead intake duct; 3: the side intake duct; 4: the first solenoid valves; 5: the crankcase gas port; 6: camshaft; 7: rocking arm; 8: the overhead inlet and exhaust valve; 9: the overhead air outlet flue; 10: the firing chamber; 11: piston; 12: connecting rod; 13: the second outlet valves; 14: the side air outlet flue; 15: bent axle; 16: crankcase; 17: cylinder head; 18: the three solenoid valves; 19: scavenging air belt; 20: cylinder block; 21: front side scavenging air belt gas port end; 22: rear side scavenging air belt gas port end; 23: spark plug; 24: switchover apparatus.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, the motor of a kind of stroke changeable that present embodiment provides, it comprises cylinder head 17, cylinder block 20 and electronic control unit, the top of described cylinder block 20 connects cylinder head 17, the rear side of described cylinder head 17 inwalls is fixed with camshaft 6, be set with cam 1 on the camshaft 6, the bottom of described cylinder head 17 is provided with firing chamber 10, the front end of described firing chamber 10 is connected with spark plug 23, the top of described spark plug 23 in firing chamber 10, shown in the bottom of spark plug 23 be positioned at 10 outsides, firing chamber.
The top of described firing chamber 10 is communicated with overhead intake duct 2 and overhead air outlet flue 9 respectively, described overhead intake duct 2 and overhead air outlet flue 9 are provided with overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8 in the position that is connected with firing chamber 10 respectively, the upper end of described overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8 is connected with rocking arm 7 by axle respectively, described rocking arm 7 is an arcuate structure, left side and right side rocking arm 7 are respectively by with the folding that cooperates control overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8 of cam with close the upper end connection switchover apparatus 24 of described rocking arm 7.
Be provided with piston 11 in the described cylinder block 20, the left side of piston 11 is provided with side intake duct 3, the upper end of described side intake duct 3 connects outside, the lower end of side intake duct 3 is communicated with crankcase 16 by crankcase gas port 5, be provided with first solenoid valve 4 in the side intake duct 3, described first solenoid valve 4 is used to control the air inlet and the closure of side intake duct 3, the opposite side of described piston 11 is communicated with side air outlet flue 14, the other end of described side air outlet flue 14 is communicated with outside, be provided with second solenoid valve 13 in the described side air outlet flue 14, described second solenoid valve 13 is used to control the air inlet and the closure of side air outlet flue 14.
Described piston 11 is positioned at the below of firing chamber 10, described piston 11 inside are provided with connecting rod 12, described piston 11 has wrist pin, described connecting rod 12 is fixed on piston 11 inside by the wrist pin that is located on piston 11 inwalls, the lower end of connecting rod 12 is connected with bent axle 15, be set with cam gear on the described bent axle 15, the other end of described cam gear is sleeved on the camshaft 6.
Described piston 11 inside are communicated with crankcase 16, described crankcase 16 is communicated with the lower end of side intake duct 3, the front side of described piston 11 and rear side are communicated with scavenging air belt 19 respectively, described scavenging air belt 19 is an arc, the lower end of described front side and rear side scavenging air belt 19 is communicated with crankcase 16 by front side scavenging air belt gas port end 21 and rear side scavenging air belt gas port end 22 respectively, be provided with scavenging and closure that the 3rd solenoid valve 18, the three solenoid valves 18 are used for controlling front side and rear side scavenging air belt 19 in the described scavenging air belt 19.
Described overhead intake duct 2 and side intake duct 3 leading portions have common intake duct, be provided with closure in the described common intake duct, described closure is provided with engine load sensor, and described closure is arranged in here, can economize the cost of next closure, reduce by an input signal.
Described electronic control unit connects first solenoid valve 4, second solenoid valve 13, the 3rd solenoid valve 18, CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor, crankshaft position sensor, engine load sensor and switchover apparatus 24 respectively.
The speed ratio that described bent axle 15 drives camshaft 6 is 2:1.
As shown in Figure 3, the mode of operation of the motor of described stroke changeable needs by described electronic control unit the situation of operating mode to be judged the control of being correlated with that two different zones have been represented two-stroke and four-stoke mode respectively.Which kind of mode of operation the motor of described stroke changeable operates under, need judge according to two important parameters, and be respectively the load and the rotating speed of motor.Under the operating mode of middle low speed, high load, the motor of described stroke changeable moves with two-stroke mode; Under the operating mode of high speed or middle-low load, motor moves with four-stoke mode.Concrete switching point is judged according to input parameter and the motor operation policy map that writes inside by electronic control unit, is given an order and realize switching.
The signal that electronic control unit sends is by the load of motor and the judgement of rotating speed are determined.To using the motor of Carburetor or employing port fuel injection, the load of motor can be characterized by throttle opening, and the throttle opening data send to electronic control unit by described engine load sensor collection.In general, the more little load of throttle opening data is more little, and the big more load of throttle opening data is big more.For in-cylinder direct fuel-injection engine, can record the load of motor by fuel injection quantity.The rotating speed of motor is recorded by crankshaft position sensor.According to the data stream of engine load sensor and crankshaft position sensor, the electronic control unit of motor (ECU) finds corresponding coordinate in Fig. 3, judges whether to need to switch stroke.If need, then electronic control unit sends instruction to switchover apparatus 24 and respective electrical magnet valve, the mode of operation of switching engine.
During concrete enforcement, the motor of described stroke changeable has the function of two-stroke and four-stroke switching, at first entire work process is to judge engine operating condition by electronic control unit, automatically switch to corresponding stroke operating mode, CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor on the motor of described stroke changeable and crankshaft position sensor are real-time transmitted to electronic control unit with rotating speed and load data, electronic control unit judges according to the signal of passing back present motor is in to make corresponding reaction under which kind of operating mode: if the work at present pattern is fit to current operating mode, electronic control unit does not send signal; If the work at present pattern has been not suitable for current operating mode, electronic control unit sends a signal to the executive system switching working mode.
The engine operating condition of the middle big load of low speed, the situation when general corresponding engine start or climbing, the engine operation of described stroke changeable is under two stroke mode of operation:
First solenoid valve 4, second solenoid valve 13, the 3rd solenoid valve 18 receive the start signal of electronic control unit and open, and then the intake duct 3 of side, the air outlet flue 14 of side and the scavenging air belt 19 in the cylinder body carry out corresponding intake and exhaust and scavenging; Under the control of electronic control unit, switchover apparatus 24 becomes actuator, is responsible for cutting off the power of rocking arm 7, makes the inlet and exhaust valve 8 of overhead be in closed condition.At this moment, air-flow is is only come in and gone out from the intake duct 3 of cylinder body side and the air outlet flue 14 of side; After finishing said process, this engine working process and common scavenging type two-stroke motor are similar, the engine operating condition of the big load of low speed in satisfying.
When the rotating speed or the load of motor changes, be in the operating mode of higher rotation speed or middle-low load, electronic control unit by CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor, signal monitoring that engine load sensor and crankshaft position sensor sent to working conditions change, send a signal to the executive system switching working mode, switch to four-stroke for motor from two-stroke this moment, and detailed process is:
At first, after the electronic control unit judgement should be switched, the crankshaft position sensor data are analyzed; When piston 11 come downwards to close side intake duct 3 fully after bent axle turn over about 50 °, described electronic control unit controls first solenoid valve 4 cuts out, no longer air inlet of side intake duct 3, then, when piston 11 comes downwards to side air outlet flue 14 and scavenging air belt 19 and opens, the motor of described changeable stroke carries out the scavenging gas exchange process, and the air in the crankcase 16 enters in the firing chamber 10 by scavenging air belt 19, and the waste gas in the firing chamber 10 is discharged by the scavenging air belt 19 of side simultaneously; When piston stroking upward bent axle after with side air outlet flue 14 complete closed turns over about 300 °, scavenging process finishes, described electronic control unit controls the 3rd solenoid valve 18 and second solenoid valve 13 are closed, at last, piston 11 continues to rise, compressed mixed gas, to top dead center, this moment, crank position was 360 °, electronic control unit sends instruction, the control switchover apparatus makes cam 1 state of resuming work, and rocking arm 7 is devoted oneself to work again, described overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8 is by cam 1 control folding, simultaneously, the oil spout and the igniting of described electronic control unit switch to four-stoke mode, and promptly bent axle 15 takes two turns and sprays once oil, point is fire once; At this moment, motor has entered the aspirating stroke of four-stoke mode, overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8 no-float just when assembled engines at the beginning, because camshaft 6 still rotates when cutting off power, it only is the switching of no longer controlling overhead inlet and exhaust valve 8, but just guarantee when the timing of camshaft 6 and bent axle 15 is manufacturing and assembling, so timing is constant after recovering power.The benefit of recovering power in the time of 360 ° is to switch during at basic circle, does not have cam 1 is caused wearing and tearing.
When motor be in low-load or in high rotating speed operating mode following time, move with four-stoke mode; If operating mode changes, when having got back to middle low speed high load operating mode, then become two-stroke mode by four-stroke, concrete handoff procedure is as follows:
The data passed back according to CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor of electronic control unit are at first judged the corner of present camshaft 6.If piston 11 is in compression stroke, after the position of piston 11 process side intake duct 3, can judge according to the crankcase position transducer, electronic control unit sends signal, controlling first solenoid valve 4 makes side intake duct 3 open, can pass through 4 air inlets of side intake duct this moment, but because scavenging air belt 19 is obstructed, so gas can only enter in the crankcase 16, then, when piston during at compression top center, electronic control unit controls cam switching device 24 makes overhead intake duct 2 and overhead air outlet flue 9 be in closed condition rocking arm 7 power cuts always.Then, before side air outlet flue 14, open second solenoid valve 13 and the 3rd solenoid valve 18 at descent of piston, the motor of described changeable stroke can be taken a breath by side air outlet flue 14 and scavenging air belt 19, at last, electronic control unit switches to two-stroke mode with oil spout and igniting, be that bent axle 15 whenever turns around, carry out an oil spout and igniting.In like manner, when making and assemble, just guaranteed valve timing.So far, finished four-stroke to two stroke handoff procedure.
In sum, the two-stroke of two-stroke mode and four-stoke mode and existing reciprocating-piston engine and four-stroke similar process, difference is can automatically switch to different mode under the different operating modes; The process of switching to the response sensitivity of operating mode, switch rapidly and produce a desired effect.Show by practice, switching method as described above, can be in a work cycle by two four-stroke successful switch to four two-strokes, under the rotating speed more than the 1000rpm, consumed time is extremely short.
The motor of described stroke changeable is little to the change of available engine, need not to change the profile line of cam, reforming cost is low, absorb four-stroke and two stroke advantage, effectively improve the power character and the emission performance of motor, can adjust stroke operating mode, all kinds of cars of applied range or motorcycle automatically according to different operating modes, traffic congestion or red light and the situation that stops to travel, variable stroke engine adopts the two stroke operation pattern when starting, can export bigger power and moment of torsion, starting capability is increased; When high speed or middle-low load operation, adopt the four-stroke mode of operation, the fuel efficiency height reduces the not combustion HC in the discharging; Be suitable for promoting on a large scale.
The above only is a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the motor of a stroke changeable, it comprises cylinder head (17), cylinder block (20) and electronic control unit, it is characterized in that: the top of described cylinder block (20) connects cylinder head (17), the rear side of described cylinder head (17) inwall is fixed with camshaft (6), be set with cam (1) on the camshaft (6), the bottom of described cylinder head (17) is provided with firing chamber (10), the front end of described firing chamber (10) is connected with spark plug (23), the both sides of described firing chamber (10) are communicated with overhead intake duct (2) and overhead air outlet flue (9) respectively, the bottom of described overhead intake duct (2) and overhead air outlet flue (9) is respectively equipped with overhead inlet and exhaust valve (8), the upper end of described overhead inlet and exhaust valve (8) is connected with rocking arm (7) respectively, and the upper end of described rocking arm (7) connects switchover apparatus (24);
Be provided with piston (11) in the described cylinder block (20), the left side of piston (11) is provided with side intake duct (3), be provided with first solenoid valve (4) in the side intake duct (3), the opposite side of described piston (11) is communicated with side air outlet flue (14), be provided with second solenoid valve (13) in the side air outlet flue (14), described piston (11) inside is provided with connecting rod (12), the lower end of connecting rod (12) is connected with bent axle (15), described piston (11) lower end is communicated with crankcase (16), described crankcase (16) is communicated with the lower end of side intake duct (3), the front side of described piston (11) and rear side are communicated with scavenging air belt (19) respectively, are provided with the 3rd solenoid valve (18) in the lower end connection described scavenging air belt of crankcase (16) (19) of described scavenging air belt (19).
2. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be respectively equipped with CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor and crankshaft position sensor on described camshaft (6) and the bent axle (15).
3. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described overhead intake duct (2) and side intake duct (3) leading portion have common intake duct, be provided with closure in the described common intake duct, described closure is provided with engine load sensor.
4. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described electronic control unit connects first solenoid valve (4), second solenoid valve (13), the 3rd solenoid valve (18), CMPS Camshaft Position Sensor, crankshaft position sensor, engine load sensor and switchover apparatus (24) respectively.
5. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bent axle is set with cam gear on (15), and the other end of described cam gear is sleeved on the camshaft (6).
6. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the speed ratio that described bent axle (15) drives camshaft (6) is 2:1.
7. the motor of stroke changeable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described piston (11) is positioned at the below of firing chamber (10), described piston (11) inwall is provided with wrist pin, and described connecting rod (12) is fixedly connected on piston (11) inside by wrist pin.
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| CN201310113246.5A CN103225539B (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Variable stroke engine |
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| CN201310113246.5A CN103225539B (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Variable stroke engine |
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| CN104863724A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-26 | 曲严忠 | Extra-high compression ratio supercharging direct-injection gasoline engine and running state switching method thereof |
| CN106030072A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-10-12 | Hvd公司 | Reciprocating piston engine |
| CN106930830A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-07 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | The mode switching method of many stroke cycle engines, system and vehicle |
| CN107701305A (en) * | 2017-11-05 | 2018-02-16 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of free-piston engine of stroke changeable |
| CN108868943A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 苏州市申达汽车配件有限公司 | Using two or the four stroke switching method of engine of the full changeable air valve of electromagnetism |
| CN110513202A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-29 | 天津大学 | Based on valve control two, four, six-stroke compound cycle engine control method |
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| CN107701305A (en) * | 2017-11-05 | 2018-02-16 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of free-piston engine of stroke changeable |
| CN108868943A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 苏州市申达汽车配件有限公司 | Using two or the four stroke switching method of engine of the full changeable air valve of electromagnetism |
| CN110513202A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-29 | 天津大学 | Based on valve control two, four, six-stroke compound cycle engine control method |
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