CN103225510B - A kind of construction method of rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction map - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction method of rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction map, analyze venture influence factor by Data acquisition,, in conjunction with the analysis of cases of combined type TBM risk, according to influence factor, combined type TBM engineering is carried out to sort research, study combined type TBM engineering risk grade under different combined factors effects, combined type TBM risk analysis of cases incorporation engineering empirical analysis combined type TBM engineering risk event type and factor, form combined type TBM Engineering Risk Assessment standard in conjunction with combined type TBM engineering risk grade and risk class correction mechanism. The present invention takes method effectively and reasonably to analyze and identify affecting the factor of TBM construction risk, set up the TBM risk map based on taking into full account the major effects such as geological environment, hydrological environment, surrounding enviroment and engineering characteristics, effectively evaded the construction risk with reply TBM.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunnel construction technology field, particularly a kind of structure of rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction mapConstruction method.
Background technology
Along with the development of the causes such as China's traffic, national defence, electric power, water conservancy, mining, the south water to north, transferring electricity from the west to the east, western gas eastPlanning, design and the construction of the Important Project such as defeated, Qinghai-Tibet Railway and nuclear power, China has welcome the new upsurge period of tunnel construction.And in long tunnel, rock tunnel(ling) machine (TBM, TunnelBoringMachine) obtains more in the worldCarry out more application, the tunnel approximately 50% of annual excavation is completed by TBM in the world at present, and has becoming of increasing graduallyGesture.
TBM is an advanced person, huge and complicated system, is limited by many extraneous factors, and this has just determined that tunnel TBM executesWork process is a complicated system engineering, the different and influence degree difference separately of its influence factor One's name is legion, kind, spyNot that TBM will be faced with severe tests, if can not estimate exactly its institute when in the face of unfavorable factors such as complex geological conditionsThe numerous risks that face, take counter-measure in time, effectively, will cause the shutdown of TBM card machine, progress hysteresis, structure accident etc.,And produce thus serious economic loss, its fast and efficiently advantage be just difficult to embody.
At present, TBM is almost applied in the constructing tunnel on all stratum, the fitting for stratum, environment etc. for TBM constructionAlso obtained great achievement with Journal of Sex Research, but above-mentioned achievement emphasizes particularly on different fields, fail to reflect the complexity of TBM construction comprehensively; And largeMost research rests on theory stage, can not effectively instruct engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, exactly in order to provide one to take into full account geological environment, hydrological environment, surrounding enviroment and engineeringThe TBM construction risk map of the major effects such as feature, further strengthens engineering construction and Consulting Company risk management ability and waterFlat.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that a kind of construction method of rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction map, passes through dataCollection analysis venture influence factor, in conjunction with the analysis of cases of combined type TBM risk, enters combined type TBM engineering according to influence factorRow sort research, studies combined type TBM engineering risk grade under different combined factors effects,
Combined type TBM risk analysis of cases incorporation engineering empirical analysis combined type TBM engineering risk event type and factor,Form combined type TBM Engineering Risk Assessment standard in conjunction with combined type TBM engineering risk grade and risk class correction mechanism.
The present invention takes method effectively and reasonably to analyze and identify affecting the factor of TBM construction risk, has set upBased on the TBM risk map that takes into full account the major effects such as geological environment, hydrological environment, surrounding enviroment and engineering characteristics, be beneficial toEffectively evade the construction risk with reply TBM, have a very important role.
Brief description of the drawings
Major project risk type proportion schematic diagram in the TBM construction that Fig. 1 the present invention relates to
Country rock large deformation fault tree in Fig. 2 TBM construction
The fault tree of caving in Fig. 3 TBM construction
Rock burst fault tree in Fig. 4 TBM construction
Segment damage fault tree in Fig. 5 TBM construction
In Fig. 6 TBM construction, toxic and harmful is revealed fault tree
Prominent water burst fault tree in Fig. 7 TBM construction
Tunnel axis deviation fault tree in Fig. 8 TBM construction
The construction method flow chart of Fig. 9 risk map of the present invention
Detailed description of the invention
Because combined type TBM constructing tunnel is a complicated system, analyzing must be to engineering entirety and group before identifyingOne-tenth has enough knowledge, and can be clear, clear and definite set up risk structure.
First,, according to investigation and other related datas, determine the top event of combined type TBM the risk of tunnel construction: country rock is largeDistortion, rock burst, landslide, prominent water burst (gas), segment damage, misalignment of axe, toxic and harmful are revealed. As shown in Figure 1, wherein: 1Represent that country rock large deformation, 2 representative landslides, 3 represent that rock burst, 4 represents that section of jurisdiction infiltration, 5 represents segment damage, the prominent water burst of 6 representative(gas), 7 represents tunnel axis deviation.
Secondly the rule, disclosing according to investigation---the risk of tunnel construction factor is mainly reflected in engineering geology hydrology groundMatter, surrounding enviroment and engineering main body characteristic, set up the path relation of above-mentioned three aspect factor and each risk case.
(1) classification of tunnel surroun ding rock under TBM execution conditions
Geologic(al) factor is two broad aspect on the main manifestations that affects of TBM condition of work: first, determine the overall of tunnel surroundingWhether geological environment is suitable for adopting TBM to construct; Secondly, determine the main geologic parameter pair of surrounding rock stability and hardnessThe impact of TBM operating efficiency. Therefore first aspect is mainly continued to use Rock Stability Classification, for second aspect mainly from rock listThe hardness of axle compression strength, rock and wearability, rock mass discontinuity development degree (integrated degree) are studied.
A) rock uniaxiality strength (Rc)
Rc is lower, and TBM driving is faster; Rc is higher, and TBM driving speed is slower. But Rc is too low, after TBM driving, country rock certainlyWhen steady, compole is short, even can not be from steady. Only have Rc value (30～200MPa) within the specific limits, the driving of TBM can keep oneFixed speed, has and can make tunnel surrounding keep within a certain period of time from steady. As shown in table 1.
The corresponding relation of table 1 rock uniaxiality strength and hardness degree of rock
| Rc(MPa) | >200 | 200～60 | 60～30 | 30～15 | 15～5 | <5 |
| Hardness | Extremely hard rock | Hard rock | Harder rock | Compared with soft rock | Soft rock | Dead-soft rock |
B) the structural plane development degree of rock
Take a broad view of the index of each sign rock mass completeness, generally select Rock Mass Integrality COEFFICIENT K v, rock mass volume joint numberJv, joint average headway dp etc. Rock mass discontinuity is educated all the more, and density is larger, and spacing is less, and integrity factor is less, TBM drivingSpeed is just higher. But grow especially when rock mass discontinuity, structural plane density is very big, and Rock Mass Integrality coefficient is very little, and rock mass isCataclastic shape or loose shape, rock mass strength is extremely low, has not possessed self-stable ability, is unfavorable for TBM construction. As shown in table 2.
The corresponding relation of table 2Kv, Jv and Rock Mass Integrality
| Jv (bar/m3) | <1 | 1～3 | 3～10 | 10～20 | 20～35 | >35 |
| Kv | >0.85 | 0.85～0.75 | 0.75～0.55 | 0.55～0.45 | 0.45～0.25 | <0.25 |
| Integrated degree | Extremely complete | Complete | More complete | More broken | Broken | Smashed to pieces |
C) country rock wearability and flintiness
Adopt and the special draw point (CAI) of rock uniaxiality strength good relationship large with its syringe needle attrition value AbThe wearability of little sign tunnel surrounding, and be divided into five grades, as shown in table 3.
Table 3 rock abrasivity grade
| Ab | ≥6 | 6～5 | 5～4 | 4～3 | <3 |
| Wearability | Extra-heavy | By force | Medium | Low | Extremely low |
Adopt the broken flintiness of evaluating rock than merit a of cutter of being hit test determination by cutter, as shown in table 4.
The corresponding relation of the broken ratio of table 4 rock drill and flintiness
| Cut a hole broken than merit a | ≥700 | 690～600 | 590～500 | 490～400 | 390～300 | 290～200 | <190 |
| Hardness | Extremely hard | Very hard | Harder | Firmly | Soft | Softer | Dead-soft |
D) classification of tunnel surroun ding rock under TBM execution conditions
Classification of tunnel surroun ding rock standard under table 5TBM execution conditions
Note: A represents " good "; B represents " generally "; C represents " poor ".
E) each risk case and engineering geology hydrogeology relation table
1) country rock large deformation: the reason that roughly can be divided into following several aspects: 1. meet crushed zone; 2. lithology weak; 3.Monitoring not in time; 4. supporting is improper; 5. excavation disturbance; 6. high-ground stress; 7. expand, wherein again with rock crushing and highlandStress is topmost risk factor.
2) landslide: to causing the various factors conclusion of caving in, analyze its main cause as follows:
I. geologic(al) factor
1. tunnel is through fault and broken zone, and after excavation, latent stress discharges and causes unstability landslide;
2., when tunnel is by various accumulation body, due to loosely organized, between particle, without cementing or cementing poor, after excavation, cause and collapseSide;
3. rock stratum is weak alternate or have weak intercalated layer, and under the effect of underground water, the intensity of weak face greatly reduces and causesLandslide;
4. underground water correction, immersion, erosion, dissolution, unstability and the landslide of aggravation rock mass;
5. country rock is poor, and tomography or joint plane are wedge shape state, forms Disadvantageous combination, at the work of internal stress or underground waterWith under, produce suddenly landslide.
Ii. construction method and improper measures
1. the improper or inter process of selection of construction method arranges unreasonablely, and it is longer that each operation is drawn, and exposes once excavation faceBetween excessively of a specified duration, cause wall rock loosening, weathering cause landslide;
2. spray anchor not in time or gunite concrete quality, thickness undesirable, anchor pole does not reach the number of designing requirementAmount and spacing, the pulling capacity of anchor pole does not meet design requirement;
3. while adopting steel to support, it is not good enough that quality is set up in support, is supported in country rock not closely connected, and space filling is between the two not closeReality or connect insecurely, can not meet pressure from surrounding rock necessary requirement;
4. bursting work is improper, and dosage is too much.
Iii. other reasons
1. process crag improper measures, cause that crag falls, affect rock stratum to cave in.
2. the loose range of tunnel crag is directly proportional to tunnel span, and tunnel span is larger, and the supporting of country rock is more difficult, collapsesSide's probability is larger.
3) rock burst: cause the principal element of tunnel generation rock burst to have:
I. geologic(al) factor: 1. large (high-ground stress), 2. tunnel surrounding rock mass hard, fragility, more complete of edpth of tunnel;
Ii. construction factor: 1. the leading pretreatment in rock burst district is not in place, 2. advance geologic prediction is forbidden or is not done.
4) segment damage: cause the main geologic of TBM tunnel duct piece breakage because have:
I. there are the unfavorable geologies such as solution cavity, goaf, elegance and talent capsule, air bag in Xian Yancheng branch in hole;
Ii. on hole axis, rock mass lithology differs greatly, soft or hard inequality;
Iii. other factors: 1. barbarous assembled, 2. not in time, 3. cork gasket comes off synchronous grouting, turning segment selectionImproper.
5) toxic and harmful leaks: in TBM constructing tunnel, common are harmful gas is CO, CH4Etc. inflammable, You HaiqiBody. Composition, concentration and the mode of gushing out etc. of underground toxic gas and mineralogical composition and the geology of residing formation rock row, rockStructures etc. are closely related. In the earth's crust, the abundant gas such as petroleum gas, coal-bed gas is contained on some stratum, the large portion of these gasesDividing is with methane (CH4) be main gas, simultaneously with CO2，H2，N2，H2S，SO2Deng; Therefore, generate the formation rock of these gasesProperty be research emphasis. According to the study, argillaceous rocks, carbonate horizon, ature of coal rock are the 3 large rock classes that produce these gases.
6) prominent water burst: the generation of water burst accident roughly can be divided into the reason of following several aspects: 1. rock crushing; 2.Lower underground river; 3. karst, wherein again taking rock crushing as topmost bring out because of.
7) tunnel axis deviation: cause the reason major embodiment of tunnel axis deviation to be:
I. in tunnel axis direction, geological conditions is changeable, causes the mechanically stressed variation of tunnel and TBM;
Ii. in hard-soft heterogeneous ground, tunnel;
Iii. there is the unfavorable geology such as goaf, solution cavity in hole week, causes local pressure inequality.
F) risk case and engineering geology relation are as table 6.
Table 6 risk case and engineering geology relation
(2) combined type TBM constructing tunnel and surrounding enviroment risk analysis
TBM tunnel is widely used in the fields such as railway, highway, subway, municipal pipe culvert at present, because TBM constructs for rockBody produces disturbance, and then can cause destruction to a certain degree to surrounding enviroment, meanwhile, and in order to protect surrounding enviroment to execute TBMWork proposes higher technical requirement, and therefore, it is the TBM another material risk facing of constructing that surrounding enviroment are destroyed. Main manifestations is:
The relation of table 7 risk case and surrounding enviroment
(3) combined type TBM constructing tunnel and engineering characteristics risk analysis
TBM the risk of tunnel construction, except having substantial connection with engineering geology hydrogeology and surrounding enviroment, is gone back and selfFeature is relevant.
The relation of table 8 risk case and engineering characteristics
Then, adopt Fault Tree Analysis in conjunction with the achievement in research of second to combined type TBM the risk of tunnel constructionEach top event is carried out reasoning from logic, forms risk tree. As Fig. 2 to Fig. 8.
The present invention relates generally to Risk Identification Method, and first the method, taking accident investigation as basis, uses fault tree analysis methodDetermine the 7 large top events of combined type TBM the risk of tunnel construction fault tree: country rock large deformation, landslide, rock burst, segment damage, poisonousPernicious gas leakage, prominent water burst, tunnel axis deviation; Analyzed risk case and engineering geology, risk case and surrounding enviroment,Relation between risk case and engineering characteristics; And, in conjunction with the cause of accident in investigation case, set up risk case and each windLogical relation between the factor of danger, finally forms combined type TBM the risk of tunnel construction fault tree. This Risk Identification Method has patrolsCollect the feature that property is strong, theoretical foundation sturdy, real case supports, can promote risk identification theoretical research.
Certain Tunnel Engineering stratum from top to bottom can be divided into Quaternary system Holocene series fill stratum successivelyEluvial layer and sieve dwarfSha Xi mausoleum group (J unites in system2S) sedimentary type formations. According to soil, digging property of stone grade scale, this section is soft rock～inferior hard stone, rock mass baseThis credit rating is III～IV level. . Place underground water watery is subject to topography and geomorphology, lithology and cranny development extent control, for greatlyGas precipitation and the supply of surface water body seepage, water yield size is in close relations with rain factor, and climate and seasonal variety are larger. RiseThe mileage section (YDK42+400～600) in some section adjacent reservoir section and close streams is subject to water body to infiltrate to affect and has potential water levelOutward. The maximum circuit longitudinal gradient 27 ‰ of this Tunnel Engineering, minimum longitudinal gradient is 2.0 ‰, vertical curve radius is 3000m and 5000m. Tunnel archTop buried depth is 5.9m～30.8m. Circuit minimum planes sweep is 500m, distance between centers of tracks 13m～19.2m. Tunnel is main along the lineFor prototectonics degrades hills area, without large skyscraper, under part, wear middle ring expressway and under while wearing beacon town onPortion builds short building. Pipeline distribution is less, on planning to build tunnel without impact.
According to the classification of tunnel surroun ding rock (table 5) under TBM execution conditions, the country rock of this Tunnel Engineering is carried out to classification, as table9, shown in 10.
Table 9 tunnel geology risk list
Table 10 surrounding enviroment, engineering characteristics risk list
As seen from the above table, while driving in Sandy Silt location, combined type TBM construction adaptability is poor, and risk is larger; HarderWhen matter sandstone location is tunneled, combined type TBM good construction adaptability; While driving in soft sandstone location, the combined type TBM adaptation of constructingProperty is general, has certain risk. And the principal risk event under this project construction condition has: country rock large deformation, landslide, prominent gushingWater, tunnel axis deviation.
By the present invention, build the recognition methods of a kind of TBM construction risk, can realize quick and precisely risk for engineering projectRecognition function. Can be right early stage in engineering according to engineering project system engineering geology and hydrogeology, surrounding enviroment, engineering characteristics etc.The total project risk is identified, and is beneficial to and makes a policy.
Claims (1)
1. a construction method for rock tunnel(ling) machine the risk of tunnel construction map, is characterized in that, analyzes wind by Data acquisition,Danger influence factor, in conjunction with the analysis of cases of combined type TBM risk, carries out sort research according to influence factor to combined type TBM engineering,Study combined type TBM engineering risk grade under different combined factors effects,
Combined type TBM risk analysis of cases incorporation engineering empirical analysis combined type TBM engineering risk event type and factor, in conjunction withCombined type TBM engineering risk grade and risk class correction mechanism form combined type TBM Engineering Risk Assessment standard, further bagDraw together step:
Step 1, according to investigation and other related datas, determines the top event of combined type TBM the risk of tunnel construction: the large change of country rockShape, rock burst, landslide, prominent water burst gas, segment damage, misalignment of axe, toxic and harmful are revealed;
Step 2, according to investigation disclose rule---the risk of tunnel construction factor is mainly reflected in engineering geology hydrogeology, weekSurrounding environment and engineering main body characteristic, set up the path relation of this three aspect factor and each risk case, and concrete comprises:
(1) classification of tunnel surroun ding rock under TBM execution conditions: geologic(al) factor is two large on the main manifestations that affects of TBM condition of workAspect: first, determine whether the overall geological environment of tunnel surrounding is suitable for adopting TBM to construct; Secondly, determine adjoining rock stabilityThe impact of the main geologic parameter of property and hardness on TBM operating efficiency, therefore first aspect is mainly continued to use surrounding rock stabilityClassification, for second aspect mainly from the hardness of rock uniaxiality strength, rock and wearability, rock mass discontinuity development degreeStudy;
(2) combined type TBM constructing tunnel and surrounding enviroment risk analysis: TBM tunnel be widely used at present railway, highway,Iron, municipal pipe culvert field, because TBM construction produces disturbance for rock mass, and then can cause to a certain degree broken to surrounding enviromentBad, meanwhile, in order to protect surrounding enviroment to propose higher technical requirement to TBM construction, it is TBM construction surface that surrounding enviroment are destroyedThe another material risk facing, main manifestations is:
Table---the relation of risk case and surrounding enviroment
(3) combined type TBM constructing tunnel and engineering characteristics risk analysis: TBM the risk of tunnel construction except with the engineering geology hydrologyGeology and surrounding enviroment have outside substantial connection, also relevant to unique characteristics,
Table---the relation of risk case and engineering characteristics
Step 3, adopts Fault Tree Analysis to carry out reasoning from logic to each top event of combined type TBM the risk of tunnel construction,Form risk tree.
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| CN108035752A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal road based on roof stability pushes up by force wall supporting anchor rod support method |
| CN109281676B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-06-09 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Shield tunneling machine or TBM (tunnel boring machine) optimization system suitable for high altitude and low air pressure |
| CN112326925A (en) * | 2020-10-18 | 2021-02-05 | 西南科技大学 | Method for evaluating stability of tunnel surrounding rock based on matter element analysis |
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