CN103218502A - Monte-Carlo-simulation-based method for predicting qualified rate of release voltage of contactor - Google Patents
Monte-Carlo-simulation-based method for predicting qualified rate of release voltage of contactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Monte-Carlo-simulation-based method for predicting the qualified rate of the release voltage of a contactor and belongs to the technical field of contactor detecting. The method disclosed by the invention is used for solving the problems that in the design process of conventional contactors, in methods for detecting parameters of the release voltage, samples are required to be processed, the design and test costs are high and the design cycle is long. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of: confirming three parameter design values capable of influencing the release voltage and upper and lower limitations of the three parameter design values according to a contactor designing document, generating N parameter combinations by adopting the independent identically-distributed central-limit theorem and by utilizing a matrix laboratory (MATLAB), obtaining N characteristic parameters of the release voltage according to the N parameter combinations, obtaining the distribution character of the parameters of the release voltage, and finally obtaining the qualified rate of the release voltage of the contactor by utilizing the Simpson rule according to the distribution character and the design parameters of the release voltage of the contactor. The method disclosed by the invention is suitable for predicting and analyzing the qualified rate of the release voltage of the contactor at a design link of the contactor and providing the basis of correcting the design parameters for contactor designers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the contactor field, relate to a kind of release voltage qualification rate computing method, just be based on the contactor release voltage yield analysis method of Monte Carlo simulation specifically.
Background technology
Whether release voltage is the most important basic parameter of contactor, is the key factor of decision contactor electric current of make-and-break ability, can directly qualified according to this parameter decision contactor." TB/T2767-2010 used for rolling stock D.C. contactor " 7.2.5 bar stipulates that clearly " release of contactor and the voltage that disconnects fully should be less than 5% of specified control supply voltages; for guaranteeing that the not release phenomenon that cuts off the power supply does not appear in contactor, recommend the minimum value of release voltage to be not less than 10% of specified control supply voltage.When being used for the diesel engine of diesel locomotive starting, the contactor of working in control circuit should guarantee that maximum release voltage is no more than 30% of specified control supply voltage." but in the product development of reality; because the complicacy of real mechanism; various parameters comprise that dimensional parameters, design parameter and adjustment parameter all can produce certain influence to release voltage; therefore need determine influence the principal element of this parameter; and can be by certain methods qualification rate with regard to its release voltage of analog computation before actual product is produced in the design phase; thus the qualification rate of the range of tolerable variance sustained release voltage of change part factor passed through, make the productivity effect of contactor reach maximum.
In the design process of existing contactor, be after the design drawing of contactor is handled, go out a plurality of samples according to the design drawing processing and fabricating, adopt testing apparatus to carry out the test of release voltage to a plurality of samples of making then, and then whether the parameter that can verify design is reasonable, if unreasonable, just needs revisions on drawings, then again the processing and fabricating sample, do experiment again, this has just caused design cycle prolongation and design and testing cost than higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve in the design process of existing contactor, need come out to exist the method that the parameter of release voltage is tested design cycle length and processing and fabricating sample to cause designing the problem high sample making according to design drawing, the invention provides the contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology of a kind of release voltage qualification rate based on Monte Carlo simulation with testing cost.
The step of the contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1: obtain the influential dimensional parameters design load of the release voltage of contactor, design parameter design load and adjust the range of tolerable variance of parameter designing value and each parameter according to design document and art work sheet, utilize MATLAB to produce the N group changes and meet normal distribution in range of tolerable variance dimensional parameters, design parameter and adjustment parameter three class parameter combinations according to independent identically distributed central limit theorem, parameter N is the integer more than or equal to 1000;
Step 2: above N is organized three class parameter combinations successively as the input parameter of contactor release voltage acquisition module, obtain N group release voltage characterisitic parameter;
Step 3: the N group release voltage parameter that obtains is analyzed, calculated and obtain probability density function, parameter expectation and mean square deviation, and then obtain N group release voltage parameter distributions characteristic;
Step 4: require to determine release voltage differentiation boundary according to the performance index in the design parameter of contactor, the N group release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate of utilizing the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3.
Described contactor release voltage acquisition module adopts software engineering to realize, the course of work of this module comprises and the following is step:
Steps A, contactor Model Calculation parameter initialization characterisitic parameter is set;
Step B, ask the current time magnetic linkage by previous moment coil voltage, electric current and magnetic linkage integration;
Step C, obtain coil current by coil flux linkage, armature displacement check table;
Step D, the coil current, the armature displacement check table that are obtained by step C obtain electromagnetic attraction;
Step e, calculate the mechanical spring counter-force by the armature displacement
f=k·x+c
d·v
K, c in the formula
dRepresent spring rate and spring damping respectively,
X, v represent the armature displacement and the armature speed of spring respectively;
Step F, employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are found the solution the mechanical motion differential equation group, and described mechanical motion differential equation group is:
Described Y represents armature displacement, speed column vector, expression formula be Y=(x, v)
TFollowing footnote n represents sampling instant; t
nExpression n is time corresponding constantly;
G represents armature speed, acceleration column vector, and expression formula is
F represents electromagnetic attraction; M represents the armature quality;
G (t
n, Y
n) middle t
nAnd Y
nIndependent variable for above-mentioned expression formula;
H represents step-length computing time;
The calculation result data of step G, preservation step F is also extracted the release voltage characterisitic parameter from described calculation result data, finish obtaining of release voltage characterisitic parameter.
The described table of comparisons is the bivariate table of the coil flux linkage of contactor about coil current and armature displacement, and this table of comparisons obtains by following step:
Step H, in UG software, set up the electromagnetic mechanism three-dimensional model according to the design drawing of the electromagnetic mechanism of contactor;
Step I, by software finite element software FLUX according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, calculate the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage that obtain many windings tentaculum;
Step J, the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage parameter that obtain many windings tentaculum according to step I make up the table of comparisons.
Step I1, employing finite element software FLUX set up geometric model according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, and this geometric model are divided finite element grid;
Step I2, the physical attribute of each finite element grid among the step I1 is set according to the real physical characteristics of electromagnetic mechanism;
Step I3, the geometric model that sets up physical attribute is carried out static characteristics emulation, the coil current values of the many groups of input and corresponding dimensional parameters during emulation, described current value is obtained divided by the coil resistance in the design parameter of contactor by voltage; Obtain armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage of every group of coil current value and dimensional parameters correspondence by emulation.
The process that the N that utilizes the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3 described in the step 4 organizes release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate is:
At first calculate the expectation and the variance of N group release voltage data, determine that according to existing release voltage acceptability limit the Simpson rule calculates required upper lower limit value then, adopt described rule to obtain contactor release voltage qualification rate at last in the upper lower limit value integrates.
Method of the present invention is applied to the design link of contactor, can just carry out quantitative assessment and judgement to the rationality of its parameter in the design link, when shortening trial-produce period, reducing testing cost, improves reliability of products.
Method of the present invention was applicable in the contactor design phase carries out forecast analysis to the qualification rate of contactor release voltage, and then the foundation of correction design parameter is provided for the deviser of contactor.
This method is based on Monte Carlo simulation and proposes, and Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) simulation is a kind of by setting stochastic process, rise time sequence repeatedly, and the calculating parameter estimator, and then study the method for its distribution characteristics.The principle of Monte Carlo simulation method is when problem or object itself have probability characteristics, can produce sampling results with the method for computer simulation, according to the value of sample calculation statistic or parameter; Along with increasing of simulation number of times, can be by asking average method to obtain stablizing conclusion to the estimated value of each time statistic or parameter.
When each parameter of contactor known, owing to relate to machine,, finding the solution of magnetic coupling equation, be difficult to directly set up the mathematical models of contactor batch products release voltage qualification rate according to the tolerance of each parameter, but can (comprise dimensional parameters at each parameter of contactor, design parameter, tuning parameter) produces N numerical value that in range of tolerable variance, changes and meet normal distribution at random, from these parameters, extract a numerical value then at every turn and be used to calculate release voltage, so carry out obtaining for N time the release voltage of N contactor, be equivalent to produce and assembled N contactor and recorded release voltage, then this N release voltage is carried out statistical study, obtain its regularity of distribution and parameter, calculate its release voltage qualification rate according to discrimination standard at last, N is big more, and its qualification rate that calculates is more approaching with actual conditions.This computation process has been used the thought of Monte Carlo simulation.
Method of the present invention can be in the design phase of contactor, the dimensional parameters, design parameter and the adjustment parameter tolerances scope that provide according to art work sheet, utilize the approximate contactor release voltage qualification rate that obtains of thought of Monte Carlo Analogue Method, can allow manufacturing enterprise that the manufacturing of contactor is had the assurance of an overall situation, lay the foundation for further improving the contactor qualification rate simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the method for the invention; Fig. 2 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of described contactor release voltage acquisition module; Fig. 3 is certain model contactor construction synoptic diagram, and wherein 1 is shell, and 2 is connecting rod, and 3 is coil, and 4 is armature, and 5 is reaction spring, and 6 is iron core, and 7 is yoke, and 8 are the rebound spring, and 9 is moving contact, and 10 is static contact; Fig. 4 is certain model contactor moving contact release voltage distribution curve and differentiates boundary that wherein the vertical line perpendicular to horizontal ordinate is the differentiation boundary.Fig. 5 is that the present invention calculates the principle schematic that obtains the release voltage qualification rate.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 1.The described a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of present embodiment, this method comprises the steps:
Step 1: obtain the influential dimensional parameters design load of the release voltage of contactor, design parameter design load and adjust the range of tolerable variance of parameter designing value and each parameter according to design document and art work sheet, utilize MATLAB to produce the N group changes and meet normal distribution in range of tolerable variance dimensional parameters, design parameter and adjustment parameter three class parameter combinations according to independent identically distributed central limit theorem, parameter N is the integer more than or equal to 1000;
Step 2: above N is organized three class parameter combinations successively as the input parameter of contactor release voltage acquisition module, obtain N group release voltage characterisitic parameter;
Step 3: the N group release voltage parameter that obtains is analyzed, calculated and obtain probability density function, parameter expectation and mean square deviation, and then obtain N group release voltage parameter distributions characteristic;
Step 4: require to determine release voltage differentiation boundary according to the performance index in the design parameter of contactor, the N group release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate of utilizing the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3.
The described independent identically distributed central limit theorem of step 1, promptly row dimension one Edward Lindberg theorem is a kind of special shape of the central limit theorem in the statistics, has than widespread use in practice.
The specific implementation method of above-mentioned independent identically distributed central limit theorem in MATLAB is in MATLAB, by limiting the mode of expectation value and variance, adopt function of random variable Random to generate N group number, then this N group numerical value directly satisfies row dimension one Edward Lindberg theorem.Wherein, expectation value is the design centre value, and variance is then determined by the range of tolerable variance of design.
Embodiment two, present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 2.The difference of the described a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of present embodiment and embodiment one is, described contactor release voltage acquisition module adopts software engineering to realize, the course of work of this module comprises and the following is step:
Steps A, contactor Model Calculation parameter initialization characterisitic parameter is set;
Step B, ask the current time magnetic linkage by previous moment coil voltage, electric current and magnetic linkage integration;
Step C, obtain coil current by coil flux linkage, armature displacement check table;
Step D, the coil current, the armature displacement check table that are obtained by step C obtain electromagnetic attraction;
Step e, calculate the mechanical spring counter-force by the armature displacement
f=k·x+c
d·v
K, c in the formula
dRepresent spring rate and spring damping respectively,
X, v represent the armature displacement and the armature speed of spring respectively;
Step F, employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are found the solution the mechanical motion differential equation group, and described mechanical motion differential equation group is:
Described Y represents armature displacement, speed column vector, expression formula be Y=(x, v)
TFollowing footnote n represents sampling instant;
t
nExpression n is time corresponding constantly;
G represents armature speed, acceleration column vector, and expression formula is
F represents electromagnetic attraction; M represents the armature quality;
G (t
n, Y
n) middle t
nAnd Y
nIndependent variable for above-mentioned expression formula;
H represents step-length computing time;
The calculation result data of step G, preservation step F is also extracted the release voltage characterisitic parameter from described calculation result data, finish obtaining of release voltage characterisitic parameter.
The difference of the described a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of embodiment three, present embodiment and embodiment two is, the described table of comparisons is the bivariate table of the coil flux linkage of contactor about coil current and armature displacement, and this table of comparisons obtains by following step:
Step H, in UG software, set up the electromagnetic mechanism three-dimensional model according to the design drawing of the electromagnetic mechanism of contactor;
Step I, by software finite element software FLUX according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, calculate the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage that obtain many windings tentaculum;
Step J, the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage parameter that obtain many windings tentaculum according to step I make up the table of comparisons.
The difference of the described a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of embodiment four, present embodiment and embodiment three is, step I is described by the three-dimensional model of software finite element software FLUX according to electromagnetic mechanism, and the process of calculating the coil flux linkage, coil current and the armature displacement that obtain many windings tentaculum is:
Step I1, employing finite element software FLUX set up geometric model according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, and this geometric model are divided finite element grid;
Step I2, the physical attribute of each finite element grid among the step I1 is set according to the real physical characteristics of electromagnetic mechanism;
Step I3, the geometric model that sets up physical attribute is carried out static characteristics emulation, the coil current values of the many groups of input and corresponding dimensional parameters during emulation, described current value is obtained divided by the coil resistance in the design parameter of contactor by voltage; Obtain armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage of every group of coil current value and dimensional parameters correspondence by emulation.
Embodiment five, the difference of the described a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of present embodiment and embodiment one is, the process that the N that utilizes the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3 described in the step 4 organizes release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate is: the expectation and the variance that at first calculate N group release voltage data, determine that according to existing release voltage acceptability limit the Simpson rule calculates required upper lower limit value then, adopt described rule to obtain contactor release voltage qualification rate at last in the upper lower limit value integrates.
Illustrate that referring to Fig. 5 present embodiment calculating obtains the principle of release voltage qualification rate, among Fig. 5, curve representation release voltage family curve, horizontal ordinate is represented release voltage, and ordinate is represented probability density, and vertical curve is represented boundary, then according to formula
Can obtain the probability of release voltage.
Embodiment six, present embodiment are concrete cases of a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation of the present invention, and in the present case, described step is as follows:
Step 1: the parameter ginseng that obtains dimensional parameters design load, the design parameter design load of contactor and adjust the range of tolerable variance of parameter designing value and each parameter according to the design document of certain model contactor construction shown in Figure 3 and art work sheet is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Code name | Meaning | Scope | Design load |
| x1 | Coil resistance (Ω) | 5.50±0.55 | 5.50 |
| x2 | Clearance between open contacts (mm) | 1.30±0.13 | 1.3 |
| x3 | Armature travel (mm) | 2.20±0.06 | 2.20 |
| x4 | Rebound amount of spring compression (mm) | 0.45±0.03 | 0.45 |
| x5 | Reaction spring decrement (mm) | 8.54±0.10 | 8.54 |
| x6 | Rebound spring rate (kN/m) | 16.27±0.30 | 16.27 |
| x7 | Reaction spring rigidity (kN/m) | 0.250±0.019 | 0.250 |
| x8 | Moving contact quality (g) | 7.74±0.74 | 7.74 |
| x9 | Armature quality (g) | 8.88±0.18 | 8.88 |
| x10 | Contact colliding stiffness (10 9N/m） | 4.20±0.84 | 4.20 |
| x11 | The contact collision punishment degree of depth (mm) | 0.10±0.01 | 0.10 |
| x12 | Contact collisional damping (10 4Ns/m） | 3.5±0.7 | 3.5 |
Utilize MATLAB to produce the N group changes and meet normal distribution in range of tolerable variance dimensional parameters, design parameter and adjustment parameter three class parameter combinations according to independent identically distributed central limit theorem, parameter N is the integer more than or equal to 1000;
Step 2: above N is organized three class parameter combinations successively as the input parameter of contactor release voltage acquisition module, obtain N group release voltage characterisitic parameter;
Step 3: the N group release voltage parameter that obtains is analyzed, calculated and obtain probability density function, parameter expectation and mean square deviation, and then obtain N group moving contact release voltage parameter distributions characteristic N (0.94829,0.01);
Step 4: require to determine that according to the performance index in the design parameter of contactor it is that little 1.1V is specification product that release voltage is differentiated boundary, the N group release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate of utilizing the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3, as shown in Figure 4, curve is a contact release voltage distribution curve among the figure, the vertical line vertical with horizontal ordinate is that voltage is the differentiation boundary of 1.1V, and utilizing the Simpson rule to calculate contactor release voltage qualification rate is 93.54%.
Claims (5)
1. the contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step 1: obtain the influential dimensional parameters design load of the release voltage of contactor, design parameter design load and adjust the range of tolerable variance of parameter designing value and each parameter according to design document and art work sheet, utilize MATLAB to produce the N group changes and meet normal distribution in range of tolerable variance dimensional parameters, design parameter and adjustment parameter three class parameter combinations according to independent identically distributed central limit theorem, parameter N is the integer more than or equal to 1000;
Step 2: above N is organized three class parameter combinations successively as the input parameter of contactor release voltage acquisition module, obtain N group release voltage characterisitic parameter;
Step 3: the N group release voltage parameter that obtains is analyzed, calculated and obtain probability density function, parameter expectation and mean square deviation, and then obtain N group release voltage parameter distributions characteristic;
Step 4: require to determine release voltage differentiation boundary according to the performance index in the design parameter of contactor, the N group release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate of utilizing the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3.
2. a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described contactor release voltage acquisition module adopts software engineering to realize, the course of work of this module comprises and the following is step:
Steps A, contactor Model Calculation parameter initialization characterisitic parameter is set;
Step B, ask the current time magnetic linkage by previous moment coil voltage, electric current and magnetic linkage integration;
Step C, obtain coil current by coil flux linkage, armature displacement check table;
Step D, the coil current, the armature displacement check table that are obtained by step C obtain electromagnetic attraction;
Step e, calculate the mechanical spring counter-force by the armature displacement
f=k·x+c
d·v
K, c in the formula
dRepresent spring rate and spring damping respectively, x, v represent the armature displacement and the armature speed of spring respectively;
Step F, employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are found the solution the mechanical motion differential equation group, and described mechanical motion differential equation group is:
Described Y represents armature displacement, speed column vector, expression formula be Y=(x, v)
TFollowing footnote n represents sampling instant; t
nExpression n is time corresponding constantly;
G represents armature speed, acceleration column vector, and expression formula is
F represents electromagnetic attraction; M represents the armature quality;
G (t
n, Y
n) middle t
nAnd Y
nIndependent variable for above-mentioned expression formula;
H represents step-length computing time;
The calculation result data of step G, preservation step F is also extracted the release voltage characterisitic parameter from described calculation result data, finish obtaining of release voltage characterisitic parameter.
3. a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology according to claim 2 based on Monte Carlo simulation, it is characterized in that, the described table of comparisons is the bivariate table of the coil flux linkage of contactor about coil current and armature displacement, and this table of comparisons obtains by following step:
Step H, in UG software, set up the electromagnetic mechanism three-dimensional model according to the design drawing of the electromagnetic mechanism of contactor;
Step I, by software finite element software FLUX according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, calculate the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage that obtain many windings tentaculum;
Step J, the coil current, armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage parameter that obtain many windings tentaculum according to step I make up the table of comparisons.
4. a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology according to claim 3 based on Monte Carlo simulation, it is characterized in that, step I is described by the three-dimensional model of software finite element software FLUX according to electromagnetic mechanism, and the process of calculating the coil flux linkage, coil current and the armature displacement that obtain many windings tentaculum is:
Step I1, employing finite element software FLUX set up geometric model according to the three-dimensional model of electromagnetic mechanism, and this geometric model are divided finite element grid;
Step I2, the physical attribute of each finite element grid among the step I1 is set according to the real physical characteristics of electromagnetic mechanism;
Step I3, the geometric model that sets up physical attribute is carried out static characteristics emulation, the coil current values of the many groups of input and corresponding dimensional parameters during emulation, described current value is obtained divided by the coil resistance in the design parameter of contactor by voltage; Obtain armature displacement, electromagnetic attraction and the magnetic linkage of every group of coil current value and dimensional parameters correspondence by emulation.
5. a kind of contactor release voltage qualification rate Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1 based on Monte Carlo simulation, it is characterized in that the process that the N that utilizes the Simpson rule to obtain according to step 3 described in the step 4 organizes release voltage parameter distributions property calculation contactor release voltage qualification rate is:
At first calculate the expectation and the variance of N group release voltage data, determine that according to existing release voltage acceptability limit the Simpson rule calculates required upper lower limit value then, adopt described rule to obtain contactor release voltage qualification rate at last in the upper lower limit value integrates.
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| CN102157936A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 清华大学 | Coordination control method |
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| CN106599356A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-26 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Reliability assessment method for spring separation device |
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Effective date of registration: 20131108 Address after: 150001 Harbin, Nangang, West District, large straight street, No. 92 Applicant after: Harbin Institute of Technology Applicant after: Guizhou Zhenhua Qunying Electrical Appliances Co.,Ltd. Address before: 150001 Harbin, Nangang, West District, large straight street, No. 92 Applicant before: Harbin Institute of Technology |
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