CN103207136B - Waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient and measuring method - Google Patents
Waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103207136B CN103207136B CN201310088953.3A CN201310088953A CN103207136B CN 103207136 B CN103207136 B CN 103207136B CN 201310088953 A CN201310088953 A CN 201310088953A CN 103207136 B CN103207136 B CN 103207136B
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Abstract
A kind of waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient and measuring method, device comprises permeability vessel, direct supply, measuring tube, water system and fastening frame.Permeability vessel comprises container body, electrode network and permeable stone.Measuring tube comprises measuring tube A and measuring tube B, and measuring tube A is connected with drainpipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing, and measuring tube B is connected with water inlet pipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing.Container body adopts insulating material, container body is covered with cathode wire pipe and drainpipe.Its measuring method is the reverse hydraulic gradient making full use of electroosmotic flow generation, overcomes the shortcoming that traditional measurement method does not eliminate hydraulic permeability coefficient impact.Hydraulic permeability coefficient and the electro-osmosis coefficient of saturated soft clay can be measured successively.And device processing ease, accuracy are high, cost is low.Improve the accuracy of electro-osmosis coefficient, for the application of electro-osmosis method in Geotechnical Engineering provides reliable technical parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient and measuring method, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field in civil engineering work.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of national economy and the exploitation in coastal cities, soft soil foundation in need of immediate treatment also become become increasingly complex, various.Soft Clay Foundation has the feature such as high-moisture percentage, low-permeability, adopt traditional discharging consolidation method costly, the duration is longer.And electro-osmosis method has to low-permeability soft soil foundation that treatment effeciency is high, high treating effect, be subject to people in recent years gradually and pay close attention to.Along with the application of electro-osmosis method in Soft Clay Foundation process, hydraulic permeability coefficient and electro-osmosis coefficient become technical parameter indispensable in consolidation by electroosmosis engineering calculation gradually.
Hydraulic permeability coefficient is the basic parameter describing soil body permeability, very common in traditional concretion method engineering calculation, and being specifically designed to its device measured also has multiple.Electro-osmosis coefficient is the important indicator weighing soil body electric osmose permeability, refers to the water velocity in the soil body under unit electric-force gradient.20th century are early stage, and researchist derives the expression formula of electro-osmosis coefficient according to the concept of electric capacity between electrostatic double layer plate.This expression argument is more, and survey calculation is complicated, is not suitable for engineer applied.Common electro-osmosis coefficient measuring method directly to be calculated by seepage flow according to indoor electric osmose consolidation test to draw, the electro-osmosis coefficient that this method draws be one comprehensive with hydraulic permeability coefficient after numerical value, actual electro-osmosis coefficient can not be reacted merely; And be easily subject to the impact of the factor such as electrode corrosion, soil-body landslide, poor accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Device provided by the invention and measuring method can measure hydraulic permeability coefficient and the electro-osmosis coefficient of saturated soft clay successively.And device processing ease, accuracy are high, cost is low.It is characterized in that first utilizing this device to measure the hydraulic permeability coefficient k of saturated sample by variable water level method
h, then under DC electric field effect, forming reverse hydraulic gradient according to saturated sample fast, hydraulic gradient and potential gradient reach balance fast, record the potential gradient i under equilibrium state
ewith hydraulic gradient i
h, according to being coupled out stream k under equilibrium state
hi
h=k
ei
e, calculate electro-osmosis coefficient k
e.This method eliminates k in traditional measurement method
hto k
eimpact, improve the accuracy of electro-osmosis coefficient, for the application of electro-osmosis method in Geotechnical Engineering provides reliable technical parameter.
Waterpower of the present invention-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, comprises permeability vessel, direct supply, measuring tube, water system and fastening frame, it is characterized in that: described permeability vessel comprises container body, electrode network and permeable stone.Described measuring tube comprises measuring tube A and measuring tube B, and measuring tube A is connected with drainpipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing, and measuring tube B is connected with water inlet pipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing.
Described container body adopts insulating material, container body is covered with cathode wire pipe and drainpipe; Be provided with two electromotive forces in the middle part of described container body vertically and measure hole, electromotive force measures probe and inserts in saturated sample by potential measurement hole, and direction is axially vertical with container body; Described container body lower side is provided with positive wire pipe, water inlet pipe and gas outlet;
Described electrode network selects resistant material, is placed between the soil body to be measured and permeable stone; Diameter 1mm aperture is left at permeable stone center, facilitates wire to pass.
Described permeable stone is respectively 1cm apart from container body upper cover and bottom; Two permeable stone spacing 4cm;
Described electromotive force measures hole between two permeable stones, and spacing is 2cm, and the distance to nearest permeable stone is 1cm.Described electromotive force measure the degree of depth that probe inserts saturated sample with in the middle part of the sample that reaches capacity for the best.
The measuring method of described waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The first step, the cathode wire of direct supply to be connected with cathodic electricity polar net with the central small hole of upper strata permeable stone respectively by cathode guide spool, same positive wire is connected with anode electrode net with the central small hole of lower floor permeable stone respectively by positive wire pipe, then closes conduit with glass cement or rubber plug.
Second step, saturated sample to be measured is loaded permeability vessel, electromotive force measures probe and measures hole by electromotive force and insert in sample, and insertion depth take radius of specimen as the best, closes electromotive force measure hole with glass cement or rubber plug.Electrode network and permeable stone are positioned on saturated sample successively, and covered container upper cover.Be positioned over by permeability vessel in fastening frame, with nut, requirement is sealed to water-tight air tight.
3rd step, begin to rehearse water pipe clamp, and utilize the pure water in water supply bottle to fill water to water inlet pipe, and infiltrate permeability vessel, begin to rehearse air valve, gets rid of the air bottom permeability vessel, until overflow bubble-free in water, closes vent valve, set level permeability vessel, put water pipe clamp into.
4th step, to measuring tube B note pure water.Water is made to rise to predetermined altitude, head height is determined according to the porousness of sample structure, generally 2m should not be greater than, cut off the water supply after stable level, drive water pipe clamp into, make water by sample, start when water delivering orifice has water to overflow to survey initial head height and initial time in note measuring tube B, note head and the change of time are surveyed in interval on schedule, and survey the water temperature of note water delivering orifice.
5th step, by the water level conversion height in measuring tube B, treat that stable level carries out surveys again and remembers head and time variations, revision test 5 ~ 6 times.When difference starts the hydraulic permeability coefficient that measures under head when allowing in difference range, terminate waterpower osmosis test.
6th step, pass drain clip, note pure water to measuring tube B.Make water rise to predetermined altitude, leave standstill to measuring tube A concordant with measuring tube B head.
7th step, power supply are adjusted to predetermined voltage, connect circuit.Buret A middle water level to be measured is stablized, and surveys the voltage difference between note two measuring tube head and two electromotive forces measurement probe.
8th step, converting power source voltage, revision test 5 ~ 6 times.When the electro-osmosis coefficient measured under different voltage is when allowing in difference range, terminate electro-osmosis test.
Advantage of the present invention:
Electro-osmosis coefficient measuring device equipment of the present invention is simple, and processing ease, accuracy is high.Can as the special purpose device measuring soft clay hydraulic permeability coefficient and electro-osmosis coefficient.
Make full use of the reverse hydraulic gradient that electroosmotic flow produces, overcome the shortcoming that traditional measurement method does not eliminate hydraulic permeability coefficient impact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is permeability vessel schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is fastening frame schematic diagram;
In figure, 1, measuring tube A; 2, measuring tube B; 3, permeability vessel; 4, water supply bottle; 5, water receiving source capsule; 6, gas outlet; 7, drainpipe; 8, fastening frame; 9, water inlet pipe clamp; 10 (1), drain clip; 10 (2), exhaust pipe clamp; 11, container body; 12, upper cover; 13, water inlet pipe; 14, drainpipe; 15, gas outlet; 16, permeable stone; 17, electrode network; 18, soil sample; 19, potential probe; 20, rubber circle is closed; 21, cathode guide spool; 22, positive wire pipe; 23, fastening bolt; 24, support; 25, base plate.
Embodiment
Further illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, measurement mechanism main body is made up of permeability vessel 3, measuring tube 1 and 2, water system 4 and 5 and fastening frame 8.Measuring tube is made up of glass tube and rule.Gas outlet 6 and exhaust pipe clamp 10 (2) are for discharging the air in permeability vessel 3 in the infiltration starting stage.Drainpipe 7 and drain clip 10 (1) are for controlling the draining of permeability vessel 3 in process of osmosis.Water inlet pipe clamp 9 is for controlling to water filling in measuring tube 1 and permeability vessel 3.
In fig. 2, permeability vessel is cylindrical, and container body 11 and upper cover 12 are made with insulating material.Upper cover 12 is provided with drainpipe 14 and cathode guide spool 21; Be provided with electromotive force in the middle part of container body 11 and measure hole 19, bottom is provided with water inlet pipe 13, gas outlet 15 and positive wire pipe 22.Permeable stone 16, electrode network 17 and test soil sample 18 load in permeability vessel successively.Close rubber circle 20 to be placed between container body 11 and upper cover 12, seal.
In figure 3, fastening frame comprises bolt 23, support 24 and base plate 25.Fastening frame metal material is made.
The measuring method of waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, comprises the steps:
The first step, the cathode wire of direct supply to be connected with electrode network 17 (1) with the central small hole of permeable stone 16 (1) respectively by cathode guide spool 21, same positive wire is connected with electrode network 17 (2) with the central small hole of permeable stone 16 (2) respectively by positive wire pipe 22, then closes conduit 21,22 with glass cement or rubber plug.
Second step, saturated sample 18 to be measured is loaded permeability vessel 3, electromotive force measures probe 19 and measures hole by electromotive force and insert in sample 18, and insertion depth take radius of specimen as the best, closes electromotive force measure hole with glass cement or rubber plug.Electrode network 17 (1) and permeable stone 16 (1) are positioned on saturated sample 18 with this, and covered container upper cover.Be positioned over by permeability vessel 3 in fastening frame 8, screw with nut 23, requirement is sealed to water-tight air tight.
3rd step, begin to rehearse water pipe clamp 10 (1), the pure water in water supply bottle 4 is utilized to fill water to water inlet pipe, and infiltrate permeability vessel 3, drive exhaust pipe clamp 10 (2), get rid of the air bottom permeability vessel 3, until overflow bubble-free in water, close exhaust pipe clamp 10 (2), set level permeability vessel, put water pipe clamp 9 (1) into.
4th step, to measuring tube 2 note pure water.Water is made to rise to predetermined altitude, head height is determined according to the porousness of sample structure, generally 2m should not be greater than, cut off the water supply after stable level, drive water pipe clamp 9 (1) into, make water by sample, start when water delivering orifice has water to overflow to survey initial head height and initial time in note measuring tube 2, note head and the change of time are surveyed in interval on schedule, and survey the water temperature of note water delivering orifice.
5th step, by the water level conversion height in measuring tube 2, treat that stable level carries out surveys again and remembers head and time variations, revision test 5 ~ 6 times.When difference starts the hydraulic permeability coefficient that measures under head when allowing in difference range, terminate waterpower osmosis test.
6th step, pass drain clip 10 (1), to measuring tube 1 note pure water.Make water rise to predetermined altitude, leave standstill to measuring tube 1 concordant with measuring tube 2 head.
7th step, power supply are adjusted to predetermined voltage, connect circuit.Buret 1 middle water level to be measured is stablized, and surveys the voltage difference between note two measuring tube head and two electromotive forces measurement probe 19.
8th step, converting power source voltage, revision test 5 ~ 6 times.When the electro-osmosis coefficient measured under different voltage is when allowing in difference range, terminate electro-osmosis test.
The present invention makes full use of the reverse hydraulic gradient that electroosmotic flow produces, and overcomes the shortcoming that traditional measurement method does not eliminate hydraulic permeability coefficient impact.Hydraulic permeability coefficient and the electro-osmosis coefficient of saturated soft clay can be measured successively.And device processing ease, accuracy are high, cost is low.Can as the special purpose device measuring saturated soft clay hydraulic permeability coefficient and electro-osmosis coefficient.
Claims (2)
1. waterpower-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, comprise permeability vessel, direct supply, measuring tube, water system and fastening frame, it is characterized in that: described permeability vessel comprises container body, electrode network and permeable stone, described measuring tube comprises measuring tube A and measuring tube B, measuring tube A is connected with drainpipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing, and measuring tube B is connected with water inlet pipe by corresponding flexible steel in flat section tubing; Described container body adopts insulating material, container body is covered with cathode wire pipe and drainpipe; Be provided with two electromotive forces in the middle part of container body vertically and measure hole, electromotive force is measured probe and is measured in hole insertion saturated sample by electromotive force, and direction is axially vertical with container body; Container body lower side is provided with positive wire pipe, water inlet pipe and gas outlet.
2. the method utilizing the waterpower described in claim 1-electric power apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient to measure soil body waterpower-electric power infiltration coefficient, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step, the cathode wire of direct supply to be connected with cathodic electricity polar net with the central small hole of upper strata permeable stone respectively by cathode guide spool, same positive wire is connected with anode electrode net with the central small hole of lower floor permeable stone respectively by positive wire pipe, then closes conduit with glass cement or rubber plug;
Second step, saturated sample to be measured is loaded permeability vessel, electromotive force measures probe and measures in hole insertion sample by electromotive force, insertion depth take radius of specimen as the best, close electromotive force with glass cement or rubber plug and measure hole, electrode network and permeable stone are positioned on saturated sample successively, covered container upper cover, permeability vessel are positioned in fastening frame, with nut, requirement is sealed to water-tight air tight;
3rd step, begin to rehearse water pipe clamp, and utilize the pure water in water supply bottle to fill water to water inlet pipe, and infiltrate permeability vessel, begin to rehearse air valve, gets rid of the air bottom permeability vessel, until overflow bubble-free in water, closes vent valve, set level permeability vessel, put water pipe clamp into;
4th step, to measuring tube B note pure water, water is made to rise to predetermined altitude, head height is determined according to the porousness of sample structure, generally should not be greater than 2m, cut off the water supply after stable level, drive water pipe clamp into, water is made to pass through sample, start when water delivering orifice has water to overflow to survey initial head height and initial time in note measuring tube B, note head and the change of time are surveyed in interval on schedule, and survey the water temperature of note water delivering orifice;
5th step, by the water level conversion height in measuring tube B, treat that stable level carries out surveys note head and time variations again, revision test 5 ~ 6 times, the hydraulic permeability coefficient starting to measure under head when difference, when allowing in difference range, terminates waterpower osmosis and tests;
6th step, pass drain clip, note pure water to measuring tube B, make water rise to predetermined altitude, leave standstill to measuring tube A concordant with measuring tube B head;
7th step, power supply are adjusted to predetermined voltage, and connect circuit, buret A middle water level to be measured is stablized, and survey the voltage difference between note two measuring tube head and two electromotive forces measurement probe;
8th step, converting power source voltage, revision test 5 ~ 6 times, when the electro-osmosis coefficient measured under different voltage is when allowing in difference range, terminates electro-osmosis test.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103926179A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-07-16 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Asphalt concrete permeability detector |
| CN103792175B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A kind of unsaturation Rock And Soil determines head inverse osmosis method of testing |
| CN103808643B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Vertical seepage tests method under soil body one-dimensional consolidation condition |
| CN104677799A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-06-03 | 王军 | Electric-clogging testing device for geotextile |
| CN108051358B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-16 | 东南大学 | Device for accurately measuring permeability coefficient of soil body and working method thereof |
| CN110398516B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2024-03-26 | 南京林业大学 | Partitioned electroosmosis viscosity reduction test device and method for strain control between soil body and metal interface |
| CN111351742B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-07-01 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Ecological bag permeability parameter measuring device and method |
| CN113390771A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江工业大学 | Indoor high-water-content dredged mud permeability test system and permeability test method |
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| CN101430316A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-05-13 | 浙江大学 | Electroosmosis-load combined consolidometer |
| CN101813603A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-08-25 | 清华大学 | Soil body osmotic coefficient measurement method and device based on electroosmosis |
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| JP4871001B2 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社フジタ | Evaluation method of contaminated ground purification by electroosmosis method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3856646A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1974-12-24 | D Morarau | Methods and electrodes for the drying of damp buildings |
| CN101430316A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-05-13 | 浙江大学 | Electroosmosis-load combined consolidometer |
| CN101813603A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-08-25 | 清华大学 | Soil body osmotic coefficient measurement method and device based on electroosmosis |
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| 电渗法加固软土地基基本参数室内试验研究;庞宽等;《水运工程》;20110331(第3期);148-153 * |
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