CN103207128A - Determination method for ablation residue ratio of heat-insulating material - Google Patents
Determination method for ablation residue ratio of heat-insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103207128A CN103207128A CN2012103835390A CN201210383539A CN103207128A CN 103207128 A CN103207128 A CN 103207128A CN 2012103835390 A CN2012103835390 A CN 2012103835390A CN 201210383539 A CN201210383539 A CN 201210383539A CN 103207128 A CN103207128 A CN 103207128A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detection method for thermal insulation performance of a rubber heat-insulating material used in the fields of guided missiles and spaceflight, i.e., a determination method for an ablation residue ratio of the heat-insulating material. The determination method comprises the following four steps: making and pretreatment of a to-be-tested member and marking of initial mass; determination and marking of a carbon residue ratio of a film; formation of a to-be-tested ablation member and marking of mass after ablation; and determination of an ablation residue ratio. Through the four steps, determination of the ablation residue ratio of the rubber heat-insulating material is realized; the method can reliably evaluate a residue amount consumed in scouring and exfoliation corrosion by high-temperature high-speed gas flow during the ablation process of the ablation member, greatly guarantees validity, safety and reliability of the heat-insulating material and has the advantages of easiness, accurate detection data, high control stability and good test repeatability.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rubber heat-insulating material for guided missile and space industry the come off detection method of residue, specifically a kind of assay method of thermal insulation material ablation residue rate.
Background technology
The ablation property of estimating thermal insulation material mainly adopts oxy-acetylene ablation test method to measure at present, by measuring variation in thickness, mass change and the test specimen back wall temperature of test specimen ablation front and back, can obtain the parameters such as linear ablative rate, mass ablative rate and adiabatic exponent of test specimen.But, this method can not reflect that thermal insulation material or heat insulation layer degrade level of residue in ablation process, the part of namely ablating is washed away, degrades the level of residue that falls by high temperature, high-speed fuel gas stream in ablation process, in the prior art, does not also have other assay method to estimate this index.
Yet, for the thermal insulation material on the power sources such as the missile servo system that is used in guided missile and space industry, attitude and control system, require it in the course of the work, can not produce bulk, the graininess residue that comes off that might stop up filter screen or spray larynx, to avoid causing the pressure curve fluctuation of guided missile firing chamber, influence the mobility of guided missile.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of assay method of thermal insulation material ablation residue rate, it can detect the ablation residue rate of thermal insulation material or heat insulation layer effectively, estimate the ablation part reliably and in ablation process, washed away, degrade the level of residue that falls by high temperature, high-speed fuel gas stream, greatly guaranteed validity, security and the reliability of thermal insulation material.
Technical solution of the present invention is: design a kind of assay method of thermal insulation material ablation residue rate, it adopts the following step that detects.
Step 1, initial mass mark before the making of test block, pre-service and the ablation: get thermal insulation material respectively mold pressing be made into film and ablation part, room temperature left standstill one day, be contained in the clean enamel tray, in 50-80 ℃ baking oven, remove volatile matter and moisture, initial mass before weighing ablation part is ablated, and be labeled as the preceding initial mass M that ablates
1
Step 2, mensuration and the mark of film carbon residue rate: adopt the carbon residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach to measure and mark, test film is placed thermogravimetric analyzer TGA, under the test environment of oxygen atmosphere, heating rate with 10-20 ℃/min is warming up to 900 ℃, measure its carbon residue rate, be labeled as thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGAPerhaps adopt the carbon residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method to measure and mark, get the test film that weight is 6.0000 ± 0.2000g, and be labeled as the preceding quality m of calcination
1, placing temperature is 900 ℃ muffle furnace calcination 1 hour, weighs after the cooling, is labeled as quality m after the calcination
2, its carbon residue rate is labeled as muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1Test film is a fritter that cuts from the heat insulation layer film.
Step 3, the formation of test ablation part and the back quality status stamp of ablating: the ablation part is carried out the oxy-acetylene flame ablation test, ablation part after the ablation test becomes test ablation part, cooling test ablation part, peeling off the carburization zone of test ablation part, the carburization zone after peeling off is placed crucible together, is calcination 1 hour in 900 ℃ the muffle furnace in temperature, weigh after the cooling, be labeled as the Theoretical Mass M of the back residue carburization zone of ablating
2, the test ablation part that carburization zone is stripped from is labeled as the back residue heat insulation layer mass M of ablating
3
Step 4, the mensuration of ablation residue rate: according to following formula, can calculate the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach, perhaps calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
R
ec=
The ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach calculates: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P TGAAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that thermal insulation material should produce, M after the ablation carbonization
2Remaining carbon residue quality after the expression heat insulation layer is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2The remaining carbon that falls, the R that obtains are at last washed away, degraded to theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression the is ablated remaining carbon residue quality in back of ablating by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene ablation process that to be the ablation part record with thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach that obtains
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach.
Perhaps, calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P MufAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that thermal insulation material should produce, M after the ablation carbonization
2Residue carbon residue quality after the expression thermal insulation material is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2The remaining carbon that falls, the R that obtains are at last washed away, degraded to residue carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression is ablated is ablated by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene ablation process that to be the ablation part record with muffle furnace calcination method that obtains
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing in step 1, film and ablation part have been carried out initial mass mark before making, pre-service and the ablation, thereby be conducive to determine the ablation part ablate before initial mass M
1Simultaneously owing in step 2, film has been carried out mensuration and the mark of carbon residue rate, thereby can obtain thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGAPerhaps muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1In addition owing in step 3, carried out meticulous control to peeling off carburization zone, thereby be convenient to obtain to ablate the theoretical carbon residue mass M in back
2With the back residue thermal insulation material mass M of ablating
3, and then for the calculating of ablation residue rate provides actual parameter, satisfied the detection requirement of thermal insulation material.The present invention also has the advantage that experimental technique is simple, the detection data are accurate, control stability height and test good reproducibility.
Embodiment
The invention is further described below in conjunction with three concrete embodiment.Choose a case each test of carrying out ablation residue rate of nitrile rubber heat insulation layer, EPDM rubber insulation and silicon rubber heat insulation layer, concrete operation steps and test method are as follows.
First, the mensuration of the ablation residue rate of nitrile rubber heat insulation layer.
Step 1, initial mass mark before the making of test block, pre-service and the ablation: get the nitrile rubber thermal insulation material respectively mold pressing be made into film and ablation part, room temperature left standstill one day, be contained in the clean enamel tray, in 50-80 ℃ baking oven, remove volatile matter and moisture, initial mass before weighing ablation part is ablated is labeled as the preceding initial mass M that ablates
1
Step 2, mensuration and the mark of film carbon residue rate: adopt the carbon residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach to measure and mark, test film is placed thermogravimetric analyzer TGA, under the test environment of oxygen atmosphere, heating rate with 20 ℃/min is warming up to 900 ℃, measure its carbon residue rate in the time of 900 ℃, be labeled as thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGATest film is a fritter of clip from the nitrile rubber heat insulation layer film.
Perhaps adopt the carbon residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method to measure and mark, get the test film that weight is 6.0000 ± 0.2000g, and be labeled as the preceding quality m of calcination
1, placing temperature is 900 ℃ muffle furnace calcination 1 hour, weighs after the cooling, is labeled as quality m after the calcination
2, its carbon residue rate is labeled as muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1Test film is a fritter of clip from the nitrile rubber heat insulation layer film.
Step 3, the formation of test ablation part and the quality status stamp after the ablation: the manufactured size of ablation part is Φ 30mm x 10mm, the ablation part is carried out the oxy-acetylene flame ablation test, ablation part after the ablation test becomes test ablation part, and cooling test ablation part is peeled off the carburization zone of testing the ablation part, carburization zone after peeling off is placed crucible, be calcination 1 hour in 900 ℃ the muffle furnace in temperature, weigh after the cooling, being labeled as the back residue carburization zone Theoretical Mass M that ablates
2, the test ablation part after carburization zone is stripped from is labeled as the back residue heat insulation layer mass M of ablating
3The concrete grammar of oxy-acetylene ablation test is carried out according to the regulation of " GJB 323A-1996 ablator ablation test method ", and the airshed of oxy-acetylene ablation test is respectively: oxygen is 0.6m
3/ h, acetylene is 0.68m
3/ h; Ablation angle between flame and the ablation part is 90 °, and the ablation time is 20s.
Step 4, the mensuration of ablation residue rate: according to following formula, can calculate the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach, perhaps calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
R
ec=
The ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach calculates: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P TGAAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that thermal insulation material should produce, M after the ablation carbonization
2Residue carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression is ablated is ablated, what obtain is that the ablation part is with being washed away, degrade the remaining carbon that falls, the R that obtains at last by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process of thermogravimetric instrument assay
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach.The thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate that thermogravimetric analyzer is measured
P TGACarbon residue number percent when getting 900 ℃.
Perhaps, calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P MufAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that thermal insulation material should produce, M after ablation
2Residue carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after representing to ablate is ablated, what obtain is to be washed away, degrade the remaining carbon that falls, the R that obtains at last by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process of ablation part with muffle furnace calcination method mensuration
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.The muffle furnace carbon residue rate that muffle furnace calcination method is measured is
P Muf=m
2/ m
1
The ablation residue rate test data of table 1 nitrile rubber heat insulation layer
Annotate:
P TGA=29.34%,
P Muf=28.41%.
Second, the mensuration of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber thermal insulation material ablation residue rate.
Step 1, initial mass mark before the making of test block, pre-service and the ablation: get the ethylene-propylene-diene rubber thermal insulation material respectively mold pressing be made into film and ablation part, room temperature left standstill one day, be contained in the clean enamel tray, in 50-80 ℃ baking oven, remove volatile matter and moisture, initial mass before weighing ablation part is ablated, and be labeled as the preceding initial mass M that ablates
1
Step 2, mensuration and the mark of film carbon residue rate: adopt the carbon residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach to measure and mark, test film is placed thermogravimetric analyzer TGA, under the test environment of oxygen atmosphere, heating rate with 20 ℃/min is warming up to 900 ℃, measure its carbon residue rate in the time of 900 ℃, be labeled as thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGATest film is a fritter of clip from the EPDM rubber insulation film.
Perhaps adopt the carbon residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method to measure and mark, get the test film that weight is 6.0000 ± 0.2000g, and be labeled as the preceding quality m of calcination
1, placing temperature is 900 ℃ muffle furnace calcination 1 hour, weighs after the cooling, is labeled as quality m after the calcination
2, its carbon residue rate is labeled as muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1Test film is a fritter of clip from the EPDM rubber insulation film.
Step 3, the formation of test ablation part and the back quality status stamp of ablating: the ablation part of making is of a size of Φ 30mm x 10mm.The ablation part is carried out the oxy-acetylene flame ablation test, ablation part after the ablation test becomes test ablation part, cooling test ablation part, peel off the carburization zone of test ablation part, carburization zone after peeling off is placed crucible, be calcination 1 hour in 900 ℃ the muffle furnace in temperature, weigh after the cooling, being labeled as the Theoretical Mass M of the back residue carburization zone of ablating
2, the test ablation part that the weighing carburization zone is stripped from also is labeled as the back residue heat insulation layer mass M of ablating
3The concrete grammar of oxy-acetylene ablation test is carried out according to the regulation of " GJB 323A-1996 ablator ablation test method ", and the airshed of oxy-acetylene ablation test is respectively: oxygen is 0.6m
3/ h, acetylene is 0.68m
3/ h; Ablation angle between flame and the ablation part is 90 °, and the ablation time is 20s.
Step 4, the mensuration of ablation residue rate: according to following formula, can calculate the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach, perhaps calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
R
ec=
The ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach calculates: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P TGAAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that should produce after thermal insulation material is ablated, M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression is ablated is ablated, what obtain is that the ablation part is with being washed away, degrade the remaining carbon that falls by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process of thermogravimetric instrument assay, the R of last gained
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach.The thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate that thermogravimetric analyzer is measured
P TGACarbon residue number percent when getting 900 ℃.
Perhaps, calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P MufAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represent should to produce after thermal insulation material is ablated theoretical remaining carbon, M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Remaining carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after representing to ablate is ablated, what obtain is to be washed away, degrade the remaining carbon that falls by gas-flow in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process of ablation part with muffle furnace calcination method mensuration, the R of last gained
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.The muffle furnace carbon residue rate that muffle furnace calcination method is measured is
P Muf=m
2/ m
1
The ablation residue rate test data of table 2 EPDM rubber insulation
Annotate:
P TGA=19.53%,
P Muf=18.69%.
The 3rd, the mensuration of the ablation residue rate of silicon rubber heat insulation layer.
Step 1, initial mass mark before the making of test block, pre-service and the ablation: get the silicon rubber heat insulation layer respectively mold pressing be made into film and ablation part, room temperature left standstill one day, be contained in the clean enamel tray, in 50-80 ℃ baking oven, remove volatile matter and moisture, initial mass before weighing ablation part is ablated is labeled as the preceding initial mass M that ablates
1
Step 2, mensuration and the mark of film carbon residue rate: adopt the carbon residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach to measure and mark, test film is placed thermogravimetric analyzer TGA, under the test environment of oxygen atmosphere, heating rate with 20 ℃/min is warming up to 900 ℃, measure its carbon residue rate in the time of 900 ℃, and be labeled as thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGATest film is a fritter of clip from the silicon rubber heat insulation layer film.
Perhaps adopt the carbon residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method to measure and mark, get the test film that weight is 6.0000 ± 0.2000g, and be labeled as the preceding quality m of calcination
1, placing temperature is 900 ℃ muffle furnace calcination 1 hour, weighs after the cooling, is labeled as quality m after the calcination
2, its carbon residue rate is labeled as muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1Test film is a fritter of clip from the silicon rubber heat insulation layer.
Step 3, the formation of test ablation part and the back quality status stamp of ablating: the ablation part of making is of a size of Φ 30mm x 10mm.The ablation part is carried out the oxy-acetylene flame ablation test, ablation part after the ablation test becomes test ablation part, cooling test ablation part, peel off the carburization zone of test ablation part, carburization zone after peeling off is placed crucible, be calcination 1 hour in 900 ℃ the muffle furnace in temperature, weigh after the cooling, being labeled as the Theoretical Mass M of the back residue carburization zone of ablating
2, the test ablation part after the weighing carburization zone is stripped from also is labeled as the back residue heat insulation layer mass M of ablating
3The concrete grammar of oxy-acetylene ablation test is carried out according to the regulation of " GJB 323A-1996 ablator ablation test method ", and the airshed of oxy-acetylene ablation test is respectively: oxygen is 0.6m
3/ h, acetylene is 0.68m
3/ h; Ablation angle between flame and the ablation part is 90 °, and the ablation time is 20s.
Step 4, the mensuration of ablation residue rate: according to following formula, can calculate the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach, perhaps calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
R
ec=
The ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach calculates: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P TGAAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that should produce after thermal insulation material is ablated, M
2Residue carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Residue carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression is ablated is ablated, what obtain is that the ablation part is washed away, degrades the remaining carbon that fall, the R that at last obtain by gas-flow with what thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach recorded in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach.The thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate that thermogravimetric analyzer is measured
P TGACarbon residue number percent when getting 900 ℃.
Perhaps, calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P MufAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, in the formula, (M
1-M
3) P represents the theoretical remaining carbon that thermal insulation material should produce, M after ablation
2Residue carbon residue quality after expression ablation part is ablated, (M
1-M
3) P-M
2Residue carbon residue quality after theoretical remaining carbon deduction after expression is ablated is ablated, what obtain is that the ablation part is washed away, degrades the remaining carbon that fall, the R that at last obtain by gas-flow with what muffle furnace calcination method recorded in the oxy-acetylene flame ablation process
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.The muffle furnace carbon residue rate that muffle furnace calcination method is measured is
P Muf=m
2/ m
1
The ablation residue rate test data of table 3 silicon rubber heat insulation layer
Annotate:
P TGA=35.30%,
P Muf=34.95%
Ablation residue rate test data with reference to above table 1, table 2 and the listed nitrile rubber heat insulation layer of table 3, EPDM rubber insulation and silicon rubber heat insulation layer, as can be seen, the testing result of assay method of the present invention has good stable, reappearance, accuracy and reliability, can satisfy the detection needs of thermal insulation material ablation residue rate.
Claims (1)
1. the assay method of a thermal insulation material ablation residue rate is characterized in that being made up of following four operation stepss:
Step 1, the making of test block, pre-service and initial mass mark: get thermal insulation material respectively mold pressing be made into film and ablation part, room temperature left standstill one day, be contained in the clean enamel tray, in 50-80 ℃ baking oven, remove volatile matter and moisture, initial mass before weighing ablation part is ablated is labeled as the preceding initial mass M that ablates
1
Step 2, mensuration and the mark of film carbon residue rate: adopt the carbon residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach to measure and mark, test film is placed thermogravimetric analyzer TGA, under the test environment of oxygen atmosphere, heating rate with 10-20 ℃/min is warming up to 900 ℃, measure its carbon residue rate in the time of 900 ℃, be labeled as thermogravimetric instrument carbon residue rate
P TGAPerhaps adopt the carbon residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method to measure and mark, get the test film that weight is 6.0000 ± 0.2000g, and be labeled as the preceding quality m of calcination
1, placing temperature is 900 ℃ muffle furnace calcination 1 hour, weighs after the cooling, is labeled as quality m after the calcination
2, its carbon residue rate is labeled as muffle furnace carbon residue rate
P Muf=m
2/ m
1Test film is a fritter that cuts from the heat insulation layer film;
Step 3, the formation of test ablation part and the back quality status stamp of ablating: the ablation part is carried out the oxy-acetylene flame ablation test, ablation part after the ablation test becomes test ablation part, cooling test ablation part, peeling off the carburization zone of test ablation part, the carburization zone after peeling off is placed crucible together, is calcination 1 hour in 900 ℃ the muffle furnace in temperature, weigh after the cooling, be labeled as the Theoretical Mass M of the back residue carburization zone of ablating
2, the test ablation part that carburization zone is stripped from is labeled as the back residue heat insulation layer mass M of ablating
3
Step 4, the mensuration of ablation residue rate:
According to following formula, can calculate the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach, perhaps calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method;
R
ec=
The ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach calculates: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P TGAAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, the R that records
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of thermogravimetric instrument analytic approach;
Perhaps, calculate the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method: with in step 1, step 2, the step 3
P MufAs the P value, and M
1, M
2, M
3Deng difference substitution formula, the R that records
EcValue is the ablation residue rate of muffle furnace calcination method.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104330327A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring content of unburned combustible in flue dust of biomass in power plant |
| CN106932295A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-07 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Residual burnt assay method in a kind of phenolic resin |
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| US6969821B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-11-29 | General Electric Company | Airfoil qualification system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6969821B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-11-29 | General Electric Company | Airfoil qualification system and method |
| CN1915906A (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2007-02-21 | 中材高新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing super high temperature complex phase ceramic ZrB2-ZrC-SiC near to zero ablation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104330327A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring content of unburned combustible in flue dust of biomass in power plant |
| CN106932295A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-07 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Residual burnt assay method in a kind of phenolic resin |
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Application publication date: 20130717 |