CN109655748B - Method for determining thermal runaway temperature of battery and method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of battery - Google Patents
Method for determining thermal runaway temperature of battery and method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655748B CN109655748B CN201811640975.5A CN201811640975A CN109655748B CN 109655748 B CN109655748 B CN 109655748B CN 201811640975 A CN201811640975 A CN 201811640975A CN 109655748 B CN109655748 B CN 109655748B
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/003—Environmental or reliability tests
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
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Abstract
The application relates to a method for determining thermal runaway temperature performance of a lithium ion battery, a method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery and a method for evaluating a thermal management system. The method for determining the thermal runaway temperature performance of the lithium ion battery comprises the steps of heating a test battery to a preset heating temperature, and detecting the temperature change condition of the test battery after heating is stopped. Further, the numerical range of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is determined by judging whether the temperature of the test battery continuously rises or not. By the evaluation method for the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, the numerical value of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery in the real working state of the lithium ion battery can be accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for determining thermal runaway temperature of a battery and a method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of the battery.
Background
A lithium ion battery is a rechargeable battery that operates by primarily relying on the movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. During charging, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode of the battery and are inserted into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; the opposite is true at discharge. In recent years, pure electric vehicles become an important development direction of electric vehicles by realizing 'zero emission' in deed, and lithium ion batteries become an ideal power source of a new generation of electric vehicles by virtue of excellent performance of the lithium ion batteries.
However, during the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, combustible mixed gas such as H2, CO or CH4 and the like is generated and accumulated inside the battery. After the lithium ion battery reaches a certain pressure limit, the safety valve is flushed by the combustible mixed gas and released to the external environment along with the burst of the battery. In the process of battery eruption, the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery can reach about 1000 ℃ at most, the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery cell is higher, and the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery cell is about 600-1200 ℃ along with sparks. Since the high temperature surface and spark temperature of the lithium ion battery are much higher than the ignition temperature of the gaseous propellant, once the gaseous propellant is sprayed in the air and contacts with oxygen, the ignition phenomenon is very easy to occur and a fire disaster is caused. In addition, even if the gaseous eruption generated after the lithium ion battery erupts does not catch fire, if a certain amount of the gaseous eruption is accumulated gradually, the explosion phenomenon may occur, and the harmfulness is greater. Therefore, the burst of the lithium ion battery is one of the potential safety hazards of causing the lithium ion battery to be in a fire or even an explosion accident. Fire and explosion accidents caused by thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery are frequently reported, and the safety problem of the use of the lithium ion battery becomes one of the main factors for preventing the large-scale commercial application of the lithium ion battery in the power supply industry. In order to effectively treat the thermal runaway reaction phenomenon, the starting point temperature of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway needs to be determined, namely the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
In the traditional scheme, a lithium ion battery monomer thermal insulation thermal runaway test is mainly carried out in an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter, a corresponding thermal runaway temperature curve is obtained, and a thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery is analyzed by taking the thermal runaway temperature curve as a basis to obtain the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. However, in practical applications, the lithium ion battery is not in an adiabatic environment, and heat dissipation exists. Therefore, the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery obtained by the traditional scheme is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, a method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, and a method for evaluating a thermal management system, aiming at the problem that the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery obtained by the conventional scheme is inaccurate.
The application provides a method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a lithium ion battery as a first test battery, and heating the first test battery to a preset heating temperature;
stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the first test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the first test battery continuously rises or not;
if the temperature of the first test battery continues to rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is greater than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
selecting a lithium ion battery as a second test battery, reducing the preset heating temperature, and heating the second test battery to the reduced preset heating temperature; the model of the second test battery is the same as that of the first test battery;
stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the second test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the second test battery continues to rise or not;
if the temperature of the second test battery continues to rise, taking the reduced preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
selecting a lithium ion battery as an Nth test battery, repeating the steps until the temperature of the Nth test battery does not continuously rise after heating is stopped, and taking the heating temperature of the Nth test battery as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery; the model of the Nth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and N is a positive integer; and
and obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery includes:
and calculating the average value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature, and taking the average value as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
In one embodiment, after the steps of stopping heating, detecting a temperature change condition of the first test battery, and determining whether the temperature of the first test battery continues to rise further include:
if the temperature of the first test battery does not continuously rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
selecting a lithium ion battery as a third test battery, raising the preset heating temperature, and heating the third test battery to the raised preset heating temperature; the model of the third test battery is the same as that of the first test battery;
stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the third test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the third test battery continues to rise or not;
if the temperature of the third test battery does not continuously rise, taking the raised preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
selecting a lithium ion battery as an Mth test battery, repeating the step S100 to the step S324 until the temperature of the Mth test battery continues to rise after heating is stopped, and taking the temperature heated by the Mth test battery as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery; the model of the Mth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and M is a positive integer; and
and S326, obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
In one embodiment, the value of each increase or decrease in the preset heating temperature is in the range of 1 ℃ to 2 ℃.
According to the evaluation method for the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, the test battery is heated to the preset heating temperature, and the temperature change condition of the test battery is detected after heating is stopped. Further, the numerical range of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is determined by judging whether the temperature of the test battery continuously rises or not. By the evaluation method for the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, the numerical value of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery in the real working state of the lithium ion battery can be accurately obtained.
The application also provides a method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a lithium ion battery as a battery to be tested, and heating the battery to be tested to a first temperature;
stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the battery to be detected, and judging whether the temperature of the battery to be detected continuously rises;
if the temperature of the battery to be tested does not continuously rise, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance;
if the temperature of the battery to be tested continues to rise, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with poor thermal runaway performance; according to
Selecting X batteries to be tested with different types, executing the steps for X times, and dividing the X batteries to be tested into the lithium ion batteries with excellent thermal runaway performance and the lithium ion batteries with poor thermal runaway performance according to the temperature change condition of the X batteries to be tested after heating is stopped, wherein X is a positive integer.
In one embodiment, the method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery further includes:
acquiring the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature of each lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance;
comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries from high to low; and
and generating a lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the comparison result of the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures.
In one embodiment, the step of generating the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries includes:
generating a lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures; each lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponds to a lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade, and the higher the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is, the larger the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade corresponding to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is; and
and generating a lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades and the plurality of battery models to be tested.
In one embodiment, in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table, each model of the battery to be tested corresponds to one lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature, and meanwhile, each model of the battery to be tested also corresponds to one lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade.
The application provides a lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance's evaluation method, through heating different batteries that await measuring to same heating temperature under same heating environment, detect the difference the temperature variation situation of the battery that awaits measuring, and then it is a plurality of the battery that awaits measuring carries out battery thermal runaway performance's evaluation and classification, has adopted the method of control variable, can audio-visually show the lithium ion battery's of different models battery thermal runaway performance.
The application also provides an evaluation method of the thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a lithium ion battery with one model as a sample battery, placing the sample battery into a thermal management system, and heating the sample battery to a second temperature;
stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the sample battery, and judging whether the temperature of the sample battery continuously rises or not;
if the temperature of the sample battery does not continuously rise, marking the thermal management system as a thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance;
if the temperature of the sample battery continues to rise, marking the sample battery as a thermal management system with poor heat dissipation performance; and
y different thermal management systems and Y sample batteries of the same type are selected, the steps are executed, and according to the temperature change condition of the Y sample batteries after heating is stopped, the Y thermal management systems are divided into the thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance and the thermal management system with poor thermal runaway performance, wherein Y is a positive integer.
In one embodiment, the method for evaluating the thermal management system further includes:
acquiring the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature of the sample battery in each thermal management system with excellent thermal runaway performance;
comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries from high to low; and
and generating a thermal management system evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
According to the evaluation method of the thermal management system, the same sample battery is heated to the same heating temperature in different thermal management systems, the temperature change condition of the sample battery is detected, then the thermal management systems are evaluated and classified in the heat dissipation performance, and the heat dissipation performance of different thermal management systems can be visually displayed by adopting a variable control method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an evaluation method of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an evaluation method of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The application provides a method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery. As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, the method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery includes the following steps S100 to S400:
s100, selecting a lithium ion battery as a first test battery, and heating the first test battery to a preset heating temperature.
Specifically, the first test battery is heated to the preset heating temperature with preset heating power. The heating environment of the first test battery can simulate the temperature change state of the first test battery when the first test battery is in thermal runaway.
And S200, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the first test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the first test battery continuously rises.
Specifically, during the process of heating the first test cell to the preset heating temperature, the first test cell itself generates heat at a rate of self-heat generation of the first test cell. Meanwhile, the first test battery also dissipates heat at the rate of the first test battery. And when the self-heat-generation rate of the first test battery is equal to the heat dissipation rate of the first test battery, the preset heating temperature is the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery of the first test battery.
S311, if the temperature of the first test battery continues to rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is greater than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, if the temperature of the first test battery continues to rise, it indicates that the self-heat-generation rate of the first test battery is greater than the heat dissipation rate of the first test battery. It can be understood that the preset heating temperature is greater than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, the preset heating temperature is used as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature to indicate that the preset heating temperature is higher than the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
S312, selecting a lithium ion battery as a second test battery, reducing the preset heating temperature, and heating the second test battery to the reduced preset heating temperature. The model of the second test battery is the same as the model of the first test battery.
Specifically, as a control variable, the model of the second test battery is the same as the model of the first test battery. The heating environment of the second test cell is the same as the heating environment of the first test cell. It can be understood that, in order to find the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, the preset heating temperature needs to be reduced, and the second test battery needs to be heated to the reduced preset heating temperature.
And S313, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the second test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the second test battery continuously rises.
Specifically, in this step, heating is stopped, and the temperature change condition of the second test battery is observed to determine the magnitude relationship between the reduced preset heating temperature and the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery.
And S314, if the temperature of the second test battery continues to rise, taking the reduced preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, if the temperature of the second test battery continues to rise, it indicates that the self-heat-generation rate of the second test battery is still greater than the heat dissipation rate of the second test battery. It can be understood that the reduced preset heating temperature is still greater than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, the reduced preset heating temperature is used as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature, and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature in the step S311 is replaced, so that the update of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature is realized.
And if the temperature of the second test battery does not continuously rise, taking the reduced preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. Further, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is obtained according to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature. And if the temperature of the second test battery does not rise continuously, the self-heat-generation rate of the second test battery is smaller than the heat dissipation rate of the second test battery. At this time, the reduced preset heating temperature just exceeds the critical point of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is between the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
And S315, selecting a lithium ion battery as an Nth test battery, repeating the steps S100 to S314 until the temperature of the Nth test battery does not continuously rise after heating is stopped, and taking the heating temperature of the Nth test battery as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. The model of the Nth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and N is a positive integer.
Specifically, the step S314 is performed, and after the heating is stopped, the temperature of the second test cell continues to rise. Therefore, it is necessary to repeatedly perform the steps S100 to S314 until the temperature of the nth test cell does not continue to rise after the heating is stopped. And when the temperature of the Nth test battery does not rise continuously, the heating temperature of the Nth test battery just exceeds the critical point of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. And taking the heating temperature of the Nth test battery as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is between the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
And S400, obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, it can be understood that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature is greater than the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature is less than the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature can be obtained according to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
In this embodiment, the test battery is heated to a preset heating temperature, and the temperature change condition of the test battery is detected after the heating is stopped. Further, the numerical range of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is determined by judging whether the temperature of the test battery continuously rises or not. By the evaluation method for the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, the numerical value of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery in the real working state of the lithium ion battery can be accurately obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, the step S400 includes the following steps:
and S410, calculating the average value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature, and taking the average value as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
In this embodiment, by taking an average value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature, a value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature can be accurately estimated, a calculation process is simple, and a calculation result is reliable.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, after the step S200, the following steps S321 to S326 are further included:
s321, if the temperature of the first test battery does not continuously rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is smaller than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, the step S200 is carried out, and if the temperature of the first test battery continues not to rise after the heating is stopped, it indicates that the self-heat-generation rate of the first test battery is smaller than the heat dissipation rate of the first test battery. It can be understood that the preset heating temperature is less than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, the preset heating temperature is used as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature to indicate that the preset heating temperature is lower than the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature at the moment.
And S322, selecting a lithium ion battery as a third test battery, increasing the preset heating temperature, and heating the third test battery to the increased preset heating temperature. The model of the third test battery is the same as the model of the first test battery.
Specifically, as a control variable, the model of the third test battery is the same as the model of the first test battery. The heating environment of the third test cell is the same as the heating environment of the first test cell. It can be understood that, in order to find the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, the preset heating temperature needs to be increased, and the third test battery needs to be heated to the increased preset heating temperature.
And S323, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the third test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the third test battery continuously rises.
Specifically, in this step, heating is stopped, and the temperature change condition of the third test battery is observed to determine the magnitude relationship between the increased preset heating temperature and the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery.
And S324, if the temperature of the third test battery does not rise continuously, taking the raised preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, similarly to the step S314, if the temperature of the third test battery does not continuously rise, it indicates that the self heat generation rate of the third test battery is still smaller than the heat dissipation rate of the third test battery. It can be understood that the increased preset heating temperature is still less than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, the increased preset heating temperature is used as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature, and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature in the step S321 is replaced, so that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature is updated. The numerical value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature is closer to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
And if the temperature of the third test battery continues to rise, taking the raised preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. Further, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is obtained according to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature. And if the temperature of the third test battery continues to rise, the self-heat-generation rate of the third test battery is larger than the heat dissipation rate of the third test battery. At this time, the preset heating temperature after the increase just exceeds the critical point of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is between the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
And S325, selecting a lithium ion battery as an Mth test battery, and repeating the steps S100 to S324 until the temperature of the Mth test battery continues to rise after heating is stopped. And taking the heating temperature of the Mth test battery as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. The model of the Mth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and M is a positive integer.
Specifically, the principle of step S325 is the same as that of step S315. The step S324 is continued, and after the heating is stopped, the temperature of the third test cell does not rise. Therefore, it is necessary to repeatedly perform the steps S100 to S324 until the temperature of the mth test cell continues to rise after the heating is stopped. When the temperature of the Mth test battery continues to rise, the heating temperature of the Mth test battery just exceeds the critical point of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery. And taking the heating temperature of the Mth test battery as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is between the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
S326, the step S400 is executed.
Specifically, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is obtained according to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature.
In this embodiment, the steps S321 to S325 are another trigger situation different from the steps S311 to S15 after the step S200 is executed. The steps S311 to S315 are a process of finding the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery by continuously decreasing the preset heating temperature after the first battery to be detected stops heating and the temperature of the first battery to be detected continues to rise. The steps S321 to S325 are just opposite, and the process is to find the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery by continuously increasing and decreasing the preset heating temperature.
In this embodiment, after the first battery to be detected stops heating and the temperature of the first battery to be detected does not continuously rise, the preset heating temperature is continuously raised, so that the upper limit temperature of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and the lower limit temperature of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery are determined. Finally, the determination of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is realized, the operation process is simple and easy to implement, and the obtained numerical reliability of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is high.
In an embodiment of the present application, the value of each increase or decrease of the preset heating temperature is in the range of 1 ℃ to 2 ℃.
Specifically, the value of each increase or decrease in the preset heating temperature may not be limited. The smaller the value of the preset heating temperature is increased or decreased each time, the more accurate the obtained lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature are in terms of the value, and the more accurate the finally obtained value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is.
In this embodiment, the preset heating temperature is increased or decreased each time by controlling the value, so that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature are numerically accurate, and the finally determined value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is accurate and has a small error.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application also provides a method for evaluating thermal runaway performance of a lithium ion battery.
In an embodiment of the present application, the method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery includes the following steps S540 to S550:
s510, selecting a lithium ion battery as a battery to be tested, and heating the battery to be tested to a first temperature.
Specifically, the first temperature is set manually by an evaluator. The battery to be tested is heated in a thermal management system.
S520, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the battery to be detected, and judging whether the temperature of the battery to be detected continuously rises.
Specifically, the principle of step S520 is the same as that of step S200, and is not described herein again.
S530, if the temperature of the battery to be tested does not rise continuously, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance.
Specifically, if the temperature of the battery to be tested does not rise continuously, it indicates that the first temperature is lower than the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the battery to be tested. The lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the battery to be tested is high, and the thermal runaway performance of the battery to be tested is excellent.
And S540, if the temperature of the battery to be tested continues to rise, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with poor thermal runaway performance.
Specifically, if the temperature of the battery to be tested continues to rise, it indicates that the first temperature is greater than the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the battery to be tested. The lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the battery to be tested is low, and the thermal runaway performance of the battery to be tested is poor.
S550, selecting X batteries to be tested with different models, and executing the step S510 to the step S540 for X times. And dividing the X batteries to be tested into the lithium ion batteries with excellent thermal runaway performance and the lithium ion batteries with poor thermal runaway performance according to the temperature change conditions of the X batteries to be tested after the heating is stopped, wherein X is a positive integer.
In particular, a control variable. And the heating environment of the batteries to be tested with the X different models is the same as the thermal management system. Under the condition that the heating environment is consistent with the thermal management system, the temperature change condition of the X batteries to be tested can be used for judging the quality of the thermal runaway performance of the batteries to be tested, wherein the batteries to be tested are of different types X.
In this embodiment, it is a plurality of through control the heating environment and the thermal management system of the battery that awaits measuring are unchangeable, will a plurality of batteries that await measuring heat to same temperature, and acquire the temperature change condition of a plurality of batteries that await measuring can judge a plurality of different models the quality of the thermal runaway performance of the battery that awaits measuring to realize quick, simple and convenient evaluation to the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery of different models.
As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present application, the method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery further includes the following steps S560 to S580:
and S560, acquiring the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature of each lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance.
Specifically, the method for obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery of each lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance may be the method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery mentioned in the foregoing.
S570, comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries from high to low.
Specifically, the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures may be arranged in an arbitrary order.
And S580, generating a lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Specifically, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table at least comprises the model of the battery to be tested and the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature corresponding to the model.
In this embodiment, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table is generated according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries of a plurality of different batteries to be tested, so that the quality of the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion batteries of different types can be intuitively known through the table.
In an embodiment of the present application, the step S580 includes the following steps S581 to S582:
and S581, generating the thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries. And each lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponds to one lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade. The higher the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is, the higher the thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion battery corresponding to the thermal runaway temperature is.
Specifically, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade may be set by an evaluator. The thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion battery represents the quality of the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery. For example, if one of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades is grade I, and the other one of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades is grade IV, it indicates that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponding to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade of grade IV is higher.
And S582, generating the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades and the types of the plurality of batteries to be tested.
In an embodiment of the application, in the evaluation table of the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery, each model of the battery to be tested corresponds to one thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and simultaneously, each model of the battery to be tested also corresponds to one thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, please refer to table 1, where table 1 is a thermal runaway performance evaluation table of the lithium ion battery in this embodiment.
TABLE 1 evaluation chart for thermal runaway performance of lithium ion battery
| Model of battery to be tested | Thermal runaway temperature of lithium ion battery | Lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade |
| A | 120℃ | Class I |
| B | 300℃ | Class II |
| C | 450℃ | Class III |
| … | … | … |
In this embodiment, a lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade is generated according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades and the to-be-detected battery models are in one-to-one correspondence to generate the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table, so that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance can be visually evaluated.
The application also provides an evaluation method of the thermal management system.
As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present application, the method for evaluating the thermal management system includes the following steps S610 to S650:
s610, selecting a lithium ion battery of one model as a sample battery, placing the sample battery into a thermal management system, and heating the sample battery to a second temperature.
Specifically, the evaluation method of the thermal management system provided by the present embodiment is similar to the evaluation method of the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery mentioned in the foregoing. In this embodiment, the second temperature is set manually by an evaluator. The thermal management system has a heat dissipation function and can assist the sample battery in dissipating heat in the heating process of the sample battery.
And S620, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the sample battery, and judging whether the temperature of the sample battery continuously rises.
Specifically, the principle of step S620 is the same as that of step S520, and is not described herein again.
S630, if the temperature of the sample battery does not continuously rise, marking the thermal management system as a thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance.
Specifically, if the temperature of the battery to be tested does not rise continuously, it indicates that the second temperature is lower than the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the sample battery. The lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the sample battery is high, and the heat dissipation performance of the heat management system is excellent.
And S640, if the temperature of the sample battery continues to rise, marking the sample battery as a thermal management system with poor heat dissipation performance.
Specifically, if the temperature of the battery to be tested continues to rise, it indicates that the second temperature is greater than the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature of the sample battery. The sample battery has a low lithium ion thermal runaway temperature, and the heat dissipation performance of the heat management system is poor.
S650, selecting Y different thermal management systems and Y sample batteries with the same model, and executing the step S610 to the step S640 for Y times. And dividing the Y thermal management systems into the thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance and the thermal management system with poor thermal runaway performance according to the temperature change condition of the Y sample batteries after heating is stopped, wherein X is a positive integer.
In particular, a control variable. The model numbers of the sample batteries of the Y different model numbers are the same. Under the condition that the models of the sample batteries are consistent, the heat dissipation performance of the Y different thermal management systems can be judged according to the temperature change condition of the Y sample batteries after heating is stopped.
In this embodiment, by controlling the types of the sample batteries to be unchanged, heating the sample batteries to the same temperature, and acquiring the temperature change conditions of the sample batteries, the advantages and disadvantages of the heat dissipation performance of the different heat management systems can be determined, so that the heat dissipation performance of the different heat management systems can be quickly and simply evaluated.
As shown in fig. 7, in an embodiment of the present application, the method for evaluating the thermal management system includes the following steps S660 to S680:
and S660, acquiring the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery of the sample battery in each thermal management system with excellent thermal runaway performance.
Specifically, the method for obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery of each lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance may be the method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery mentioned in the foregoing.
And S670, comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries from high to low.
Specifically, the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures may be arranged in an arbitrary order.
And S680, generating a thermal management system evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Specifically, the thermal management performance evaluation table at least includes the thermal management system number and the lithium ion thermal runaway temperature corresponding to the thermal management system number.
In this embodiment, the thermal management system evaluation table is generated according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries of the plurality of different sample batteries, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the heat dissipation performance of different types of thermal management can be intuitively known through the table.
In an embodiment of the present application, the step S680 includes the following steps S681 to S682:
and S681, generating a heat dissipation performance grade of the heat management system according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries. And each lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponds to one thermal management system thermal dissipation performance grade. And the higher the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is, the corresponding heat dissipation performance grade of the heat management system is. The larger.
Specifically, the thermal management system heat dissipation performance level may be set by an evaluator. The thermal management system heat dissipation performance grade represents the quality of the thermal management system heat dissipation performance. For example, if one of the thermal management systems has a thermal dissipation performance grade of 1 and the other thermal management system has a thermal dissipation performance grade of 2, it indicates that the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponding to the thermal management system with the thermal dissipation performance grade of 2 is higher.
And S582, generating the thermal management system evaluation table according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries, the thermal management system thermal dissipation performance grades and the serial numbers of the thermal management systems.
In an embodiment of the application, in the thermal management system evaluation table, each serial number of the thermal management system corresponds to one thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and each serial number of the thermal management system also corresponds to one thermal management system thermal dissipation performance grade.
Specifically, please refer to table 2, where table 2 is the evaluation table of the thermal management system in this embodiment.
TABLE 2 thermal management System evaluation Table
| Thermal management System numbering | Thermal runaway temperature of lithium ion battery | Thermal management system heat dissipation performance rating |
| α | 170℃ | Level 1 |
| β | 323℃ | Stage 2 |
| γ | 560℃ | Grade 3 |
| … | … | … |
In this embodiment, the heat management system heat dissipation performance grade is generated according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, the heat management system heat dissipation performance grade and the heat management system numbers are in one-to-one correspondence, and the heat management system evaluation table is generated, so that the heat management system heat dissipation performance can be visually evaluated.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, selecting a lithium ion battery as a first test battery, and heating the first test battery to a preset heating temperature;
s200, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the first test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the first test battery continuously rises or not;
s311, if the temperature of the first test battery continues to rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is greater than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
s312, selecting a lithium ion battery as a second test battery, reducing the preset heating temperature, and heating the second test battery to the reduced preset heating temperature; the model of the second test battery is the same as that of the first test battery;
s313, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the second test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the second test battery continuously rises;
s314, if the temperature of the second test battery continues to rise, taking the reduced preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
s315, continuously selecting a lithium ion battery as an Nth test battery, heating the Nth test battery at an Nth heating temperature, and taking the Nth heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery if the temperature of the Nth test battery does not continuously rise after the heating is stopped; the model of the Nth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and N is a positive integer; and
s400, obtaining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to the thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
after the step S200, the method further includes:
s321, if the temperature of the first test battery does not continuously rise, confirming that the preset heating temperature is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and taking the preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
s322, selecting a lithium ion battery as a third test battery, increasing the preset heating temperature, and heating the third test battery to the increased preset heating temperature; the model of the third test battery is the same as that of the first test battery;
s323, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the third test battery, and judging whether the temperature of the third test battery continuously rises;
s324, if the temperature of the third test battery does not rise continuously, taking the raised preset heating temperature as the thermal runaway lower limit temperature of the lithium ion battery;
s325, continuously selecting a lithium ion battery as an Mth test battery, heating the Mth test battery at an Mth heating temperature, and taking the Mth heating temperature as the thermal runaway upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery if the temperature of the Mth test battery continues to rise after heating is stopped; the model of the Mth test battery is the same as that of the first test battery, and M is a positive integer; and
s326, the step S400 is executed.
2. The method for determining the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the step S400 comprises:
and S410, calculating the average value of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway upper limit temperature and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway lower limit temperature, and taking the average value as the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preset heating temperature is increased or decreased at a value in a range of 1 ℃ to 2 ℃ each time.
4. A method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s510, selecting a lithium ion battery as a battery to be tested, and heating the battery to be tested to a first temperature;
s520, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the battery to be detected, and judging whether the temperature of the battery to be detected continuously rises;
s530, if the temperature of the battery to be tested does not rise continuously, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance;
s540, if the temperature of the battery to be tested continues to rise, marking the battery to be tested as a lithium ion battery with poor thermal runaway performance; and
s550, selecting X batteries to be tested with different types, executing the step S510 to the step S540 for X times, and dividing the X batteries to be tested into the lithium ion batteries with excellent thermal runaway performance and the lithium ion batteries with poor thermal runaway performance according to the temperature change condition of the X batteries to be tested after heating is stopped, wherein X is a positive integer.
5. The method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery according to claim 4, further comprising:
s560, obtaining the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature of each lithium ion battery with excellent thermal runaway performance;
s570, comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries from high to low; and
and S580, generating a lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
6. The method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of a lithium ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the step S580 comprises:
s581, generating a thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion batteries according to the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium ion batteries; each lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature corresponds to a lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade, and the higher the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is, the larger the lithium ion battery thermal runaway grade corresponding to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperature is; and
and S582, generating the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table according to the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway temperatures, the plurality of lithium ion battery thermal runaway grades and the plurality of to-be-tested battery models.
7. The method for evaluating the thermal runaway performance of the lithium ion battery according to claim 6, wherein in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway performance evaluation table, each model of the battery to be tested corresponds to one thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery, and each model of the battery to be tested also corresponds to one thermal runaway grade of the lithium ion battery.
8. A method for evaluating a thermal management system, comprising:
s610, selecting a lithium ion battery with one model as a sample battery, placing the sample battery into a thermal management system, and heating the sample battery to a second temperature;
s620, stopping heating, detecting the temperature change condition of the sample battery, and judging whether the temperature of the sample battery continuously rises;
s630, if the temperature of the sample battery does not rise continuously, marking the thermal management system as a thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance;
s640, if the temperature of the sample battery continues to rise, marking the sample battery as a thermal management system with poor heat dissipation performance; and
s650, selecting Y different thermal management systems and Y sample batteries of the same type, executing the step S610 to the step S640 for Y times, and dividing the Y thermal management systems into the thermal management system with excellent heat dissipation performance and the thermal management system with poor thermal runaway performance according to the temperature change condition of the Y sample batteries after heating is stopped, wherein Y is a positive integer.
9. The method of evaluating a thermal management system of claim 8, further comprising:
s660, acquiring the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery of the sample battery in each thermal management system with excellent thermal runaway performance;
s670, comparing the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and arranging the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries from high to low; and
and S680, generating a thermal management system evaluation table according to the comparison result of the thermal runaway temperatures of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
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