CN103205662B - Method of acquiring tri-modal microstructure in near-alpha titanium alloy through furnace cooling - Google Patents
Method of acquiring tri-modal microstructure in near-alpha titanium alloy through furnace cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN103205662B CN103205662B CN201310014508.2A CN201310014508A CN103205662B CN 103205662 B CN103205662 B CN 103205662B CN 201310014508 A CN201310014508 A CN 201310014508A CN 103205662 B CN103205662 B CN 103205662B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of acquiring a tri-modal microstructure in a near-alpha titanium alloy through furnace cooling. According to the method, near-beta temperature heat-insulating water cooling and two-phase region temperature heat-insulating furnace cooling and air cooling are carried out so as to obtain the near-alpha titanium alloy with the tri-modal microstructure; 10 to 20% of an equiaxial primary alpha phase can be retained in a titanium alloy microstructure through the near-beta temperature heat-insulating water cooling, with the balance being martensite; and a tri-modal microstructure titanium alloy consisting of equiaxial alpha, sliver alpha and a beta transformation microstructure is finally formed through the two-phase region temperature heat-insulating furnace cooling and air cooling. The method provided in the invention needs no near-beta thermal deformation and does not generate non-uniform deformation heat effects, temperature can be easily controlled, and special pretreatment does not need to be carried out on the equiaxed-structure near-alpha titanium alloy so as to acquire a duplex microstructure. The thickness value of secondary flake alpha in the invention is in a great adjustable range; the method is simple and easy to implement, has a wide application scope and is applicable to heat treatment of near-alpha titanium alloy parts manufactured by using methods like rolling, extrusion and machining molding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to titanium alloy technical field of hot working, specifically a kind of heat treating method using the cold acquisition tri-state tissue of stove in the near αtitanium alloy of equiaxed structure or bifurcation tissue.
Background technology
Near αtitanium alloy has than the better thermostability of alpha+beta class titanium alloy and weldability, and pressure machining characteristics more better than alpha titanium alloy is applied to crucial load bearing structure part usually in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics.These component Service Environment are severe, not only require high precision, more require high-performance and high reliability, that is, not only the room temperature strength plasticity, fracture toughness property, fatigue property, resistance to crack extension ability and but also the high-temperature behavior required that require.Titanium alloy microtexture determines military service performance.Equiaxed structure and lamellar structure are the Liang Zhong typical organizations of near αtitanium alloy, and these two kinds are organized in plasticity, thermostability, high-temperature behavior, fatigue crack extended capability and fracture toughness property and respectively have relative merits, and the rational Match of each performance does not solve all the time very well.The people such as Zhou Yigang propose and change by 20% α such as axle such as grade, 50% ~ 60% strip α and β the tri-state tissue that matrix forms in " near-beta forging overthrows outmoded theoretical developments tri-state tissue ".Tri-state tissue combines the advantage of above-mentioned two kinds of tissues, and the plasticity not only had, has high heat resistance and fracture toughness property simultaneously, and over-all properties is better than the tissue of other type.Therefore, obtaining near αtitanium alloy zero component with tri-state tissue is usually the target pursued in producing.
And the people such as Zhou Yigang obtain tri-state tissue near-beta forging technology must below β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C carry out isothermal forging, forging stock during forging is because nonaffine deformation, different sites metal flow speed is different, cause uneven deformation heating, again because forging stock and mould, mould and the external world exist thermal conduction all the time, make forging temperature variation more complicated, so forging process is very difficult to the control of temperature, be easy to cause forging stock local temperature to exceed or lower than the scope of nearly β temperature.Therefore, it is narrower to there is forging temperature interval in this technology, is not easy to temperature controlled problem.Harbin Institute of Technology is propose a kind of heat treating method being obtained tri-state tissue by two steps in the patent of invention of CN101717904 at the notification number of having authorized: initial structure is water-cooled after the titanium alloy of bifurcation tissue is heated to lower than β transition point 10 ~ 30 DEG C temperature range inside holding certain hour by the first step, second step is heated to air cooling after the temperature range inside holding certain hour lower than β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C, obtains tri-state tissue.Require in this patent that initial structure is bifurcation tissue, but be generally equiaxed structure for the original bar of the near αtitanium alloy part that is shaped, sheet material or forging stock, organize also need to carry out special pre-treatment to equiaxed structure to obtain bifurcation.Northwestern Polytechnical University is propose a kind of method obtaining tri-state tissue in titanium alloy local loading and shaping in the application for a patent for invention of CN102212745A at publication number.In the method, titanium alloy obtains into shape Forging through local loading and shaping, finishing after thermal treatment, by the gain of parameter tri-state tissue of controls local loading and shaping.But in the invention, still need through the near-beta forging lower than β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C, and the temperature range of near-beta forging is narrower, is not easy to temperature and controls.Northwestern Polytechnical University is propose the heat treating method obtaining tri-state tissue in equiaxed structure titanium alloy in the application for a patent for invention of 201210273814.3 and 201210273312.0 at application number, do not need nearly β thermal distortion in the method, temperature is easy to control and can directly use equiaxed structure titanium alloy, but the flexibility ratio of these two patents to the adjustment of the thickness of the secondary sheet α in tri-state tissue is not high enough, its thickness obtaining the secondary sheet α in tri-state tissue is less than normal, those are needed to zero component of the secondary sheet α of more heavy thickness, may occur organizing problem not up to standard.Northwestern Polytechnical University is propose the forging of alpha+beta two-phase region in the application for a patent for invention of CN201210273255.6 and CN201210273254.1 to add that subsequent heat treatment obtains the method for tri-state tissue at application number, in the method, forging belongs to conventional forging, forging temperature is interval wider than near-beta forging scope, temperature is more easy to control, and Heating temperature is lower, avoid the problem that the many fire of high temperature load the easy alligatoring of crystal grain, but these two patents have been determined cannot to use zero component of redeformation for those shapes.
Summary of the invention
Narrower for overcoming the temperature range existed in prior art, be not easy to the problem of controlled forge process temperature, and be the deficiency of restriction of bifurcation tissue to initial structure, and obtain the thickness of secondary sheet α in tri-state tissue problem less than normal, the present invention proposes a kind of by the cold method obtaining tri-state tissue near αtitanium alloy of stove.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
Step one, nearly β temperature water-cooled.
Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of near αtitanium alloy, after the temperature of resistance furnace arrives the nearly β temperature of near αtitanium alloy, sample is put into resistance furnace.The nearly β temperature that resistance furnace is warming up to alpha titanium alloy starts insulation, and soaking time is every 1mm near αtitanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter insulation 0.6 ~ 4min.After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, makes sample tissue change into α
on axle+ martensite.The nearly β temperature of described near αtitanium alloy is the temperature range lower than β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C.
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling.
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of near αtitanium alloy.Start when resistance furnace is warming up to the two-phase region temperature of near αtitanium alloy insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min.Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make sample furnace cooling.When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, takes out sample air cooling to room temperature, obtain the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue.The two-phase region temperature of described near αtitanium alloy is the temperature range lower than β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C.
The present invention can retain the primary alpha phase such as axle such as grade of 10% ~ 20% by step one near αtitanium alloy tissue, and remaining is martensite.The insulating process of step 2 makes the axle primary alpha phase that waits obtained in step one substantially keep original content and form, and the martensite obtained in step one is decomposed into the alpha+beta tissue of faller gill shape, and a part of α faller gill there occurs certain alligatoring, and the quantity of α faller gill to a certain degree reduces.Stove is cold subsequently, makes the further alligatoring of α sheet, because inhibition is played in the growth of sheet α equity axle α, waits axle α obviously not grow up in the cold process of stove.When stove is as cold as the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, still a certain amount of high temperature β phase is there is between sheet α, air cooling is to room temperature afterwards, this part β phase main transition has become β to change tissue, finally defines by the tri-state tissue near αtitanium alloy waiting axle α, silver α and β to change organization formation.The present invention compared with prior art has following excellent effect: heat treating method of the present invention is without the need to nearly β thermal distortion, do not produce the uneven heat effect of distortion, temperature is easy to control, to equiaxed structure near αtitanium alloy without the need to carrying out special pre-treatment to obtain bifurcation tissue, and the thickness of secondary sheet α in the final tri-state tissue obtained is relatively large; Cold owing to employing stove in method of the present invention, therefore the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of secondary sheet α has very large regulation range; Heat treating method of the present invention is simple and easy to do and use range extensive, is applicable to rolling, extruding and the thermal treatment with the near αtitanium alloy part of the method manufactures such as mechanical workout shaping, so that obtain tri-state tissue.Particularly for titanium alloy complex member, local complex component or large-scale component, after the mode of mechanical workout just can be used to process the near net-shaped state of component, obtain tri-state tissue by the present invention.In addition, after obtaining tri-state tissue, the ageing treatment in 550 ~ 650 DEG C of temperature ranges can be carried out as required to titanium alloy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is schema of the present invention,
Accompanying drawing 2 to be β transition points the be original equiaxed structure figure of nearly α titanium titanium alloy of 990 DEG C,
Accompanying drawing 3 is through the near αtitanium alloy tri-state tissue figure after two step thermal treatment.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is a kind of method using the cold acquisition tri-state tissue of stove near αtitanium alloy, and sample used is TA15 titanium alloy, and the profile of sample is cylindrical, and the specification of this sample is Φ 10*15mm; Described TA15 titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V.The β transition point of TA15 titanium alloy is 990 DEG C, and initial structure is equiaxed structure.
The concrete implementation step of the present embodiment is:
Step one, nearly β temperature water-cooled.
Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of TA15 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 975 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 15 DEG C.After the temperature of resistance furnace arrives 975 DEG C, cylinder sample is put into resistance furnace.Resistance furnace is warming up to 975 DEG C and starts insulation, and soaking time is determined according to titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter; The every 1mm of described titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is incubated 0.6 ~ 4min.Determine that described soaking time is the standard of holding time shown in first three columns according to form 4 on HB/Z199-2005, and in the present embodiment, replace the thickness in HB/Z199-2005 with titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter.Describedly determine that cross section equivalent diameter is the appendix A according to GJB3763A-2004.In the present embodiment, titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is 10mm, and soaking time is 40min.After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, makes sample tissue change into α
on axle+ martensite.
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling.
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of TA15 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 940 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 50 C.After resistance furnace arrives 940 DEG C, be organized as α by what obtain through step one
on axleresistance furnace put into by+martensitic titanium alloy sample.When resistance furnace be warming up to 940 DEG C start insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min.In the present embodiment, the soaking time in step 1 is 40min, and increase 30min, soaking time is 70min.Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make sample furnace cooling.When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, in the present embodiment, that resistance furnace is cooled to 900 DEG C, namely, time lower than titanium alloy beta temperature 90 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, reach the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue.
In the present embodiment, can be retained the primary alpha phase such as axle such as grade of about 15% in titanium alloy tissue by step one, remaining is martensite.The insulating process of step 2 makes the axle primary alpha phase that waits obtained in step one substantially keep original content and form, and the martensite obtained in step one is decomposed into the alpha+beta tissue of faller gill shape, and a part of α faller gill there occurs certain alligatoring, and the quantity of α faller gill to a certain degree reduces.Stove is cold subsequently, makes the further alligatoring of α sheet, because inhibition is played in the growth of sheet α equity axle α, waits axle α obviously not grow up in the cold process of stove.When stove is as cold as 900 DEG C, still a certain amount of high temperature β phase is there is between sheet α, air cooling is to room temperature afterwards, and this part β phase main transition has become β to change tissue, finally defines by the tri-state tissue titanium alloy waiting axle α, silver α and β to change organization formation.Cold owing to employing stove in method of the present invention, therefore the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of secondary sheet α has very large regulation range.
The heat treating method flow process of the present embodiment is shown in Fig. 1, and TA15 titanium alloy prototype micro tissue is shown in Fig. 2, and the tri-state tissue of the titanium alloy obtained after two steps as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is a kind of method using the cold acquisition tri-state tissue of stove near αtitanium alloy, and sample used is TA15 titanium alloy, and the profile of sample is cylindrical, and the specification of this sample is Φ 210*300mm; Described TA15 titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V.The β transition point of TA15 titanium alloy is 990 DEG C, and initial structure is bifurcation tissue.
The concrete implementation step of the present embodiment is:
Step one, nearly β heat-treated.Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of TA15 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 970 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 20 DEG C.After the temperature of resistance furnace arrives 970 DEG C, cylinder sample is put into resistance furnace.Resistance furnace is warming up to 970 DEG C and starts insulation, and soaking time is determined according to titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter; The every 1mm of described titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is incubated 0.6 ~ 4min.Determine that described soaking time is the standard of holding time shown in first three columns according to form 4 on HB/Z199-2005, and in the present embodiment, replace the thickness in HB/Z199-2005 with titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter.The described appendix A according to GJB3763A-2004 determining cross section equivalent diameter.In the present embodiment, titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is 210mm, and soaking time is 126min.After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, the axle α+martensitic stucture such as sample tissue is changed into.
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling.
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of TA15 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 950 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 40 DEG C.After resistance furnace arrives 950 DEG C, be organized as α by what obtain through step one
on axleresistance furnace put into by+martensitic titanium alloy sample.When resistance furnace be warming up to 950 DEG C start insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min.In the present embodiment, the soaking time in step 1 is 126min, and increase 60min, soaking time is 186min.Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make assay furnace cold; When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, in the present embodiment, that resistance furnace is cooled to 890 DEG C, namely, time lower than titanium alloy beta temperature 100 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, reach the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment is a kind of method using the cold acquisition tri-state tissue of stove near αtitanium alloy, and sample used is TA11 titanium alloy, and the profile of sample is cylindrical, and the specification of this sample is Φ 15*25mm; Described TA11 titanium alloy is Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V.The β transition point of TA11 titanium alloy is 1040 DEG C, and initial structure is equiaxed structure.
The concrete implementation step of the present embodiment is:
Step one, nearly β heat-treated.Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of TA11 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 1020 DEG C, lower than TC4 titanium alloy beta temperature 20 DEG C.After the temperature of resistance furnace arrives 1020 DEG C, cylinder sample is put into resistance furnace.Resistance furnace is warming up to 1020 DEG C and starts insulation, and soaking time is determined according to titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter; The every 1mm of described titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is incubated 0.6 ~ 4min.Determine that described soaking time is the standard of holding time shown in first three columns according to form 4 on HB/Z199-2005, and in the present embodiment, replace the thickness in HB/Z199-2005 with titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter.Describedly determine that cross section equivalent diameter is the appendix A according to GJB3763A-2004.In the present embodiment, titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is 15mm, and soaking time is 25min.After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, makes sample tissue change into α
on axle+ martensite.
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling.
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of TA11 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 980 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 60 C.After resistance furnace arrives 980 DEG C, be organized as α by what obtain through step one
on axleresistance furnace put into by+martensitic titanium alloy sample.When resistance furnace be warming up to 980 DEG C start insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min.In the present embodiment, the soaking time in step 1 is 25min, and increase 60min, soaking time is 85min.Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make assay furnace cold; When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, in the present embodiment, that resistance furnace is cooled to 920 DEG C, namely, time lower than titanium alloy beta temperature 120 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, reach the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue.
Embodiment four
The present embodiment is a kind of method using the cold acquisition tri-state tissue of stove near αtitanium alloy, and sample used is TA11 titanium alloy, and the profile of sample is rectangular parallelepiped, and the specification of this sample is 48*48*100mm; Described TA11 titanium alloy is Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V.The β transition point of TA11 titanium alloy is 1040 DEG C, and initial structure is bifurcation tissue.
The concrete implementation step of the present embodiment is:
Step one, nearly β heat-treated.Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of TA11 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 1030 DEG C, lower than TA11 titanium alloy beta temperature 10 DEG C.After the temperature of resistance furnace arrives 1030 DEG C, sample is put into resistance furnace.Resistance furnace is warming up to 1030 DEG C and starts insulation, and soaking time is determined according to titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter; The every 1mm of described titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is incubated 0.6 ~ 4min.Determine that described soaking time is the standard of holding time shown in first three columns according to form 4 on HB/Z199-2005, and in the present embodiment, replace the thickness in HB/Z199-2005 with titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter.Describedly determine that cross section equivalent diameter is the appendix A according to GJB3763A-2004.In the present embodiment, titanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter is 60mm, and soaking time is 60min.After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, makes sample tissue change into α
on axle+ martensite.
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling.
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of TA11 titanium alloy, namely lower than the temperature range of β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C, in the present embodiment, resistance furnace temperature is 980 DEG C, lower than TA15 titanium alloy beta temperature 60 C.After resistance furnace arrives 980 DEG C, be organized as α by what obtain through step one
on axleresistance furnace put into by+martensitic titanium alloy sample.When resistance furnace be warming up to 980 DEG C start insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min.In the present embodiment, the soaking time in step 1 is 60min, and increase 50min, soaking time is 110min.Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make assay furnace cold; When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, in the present embodiment, that resistance furnace is cooled to 940 DEG C, namely, time lower than titanium alloy beta temperature 100 DEG C, take out sample air cooling to room temperature, reach the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue.
Claims (1)
1., by the cold method obtaining tri-state tissue near αtitanium alloy of stove, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
Step one, nearly β temperature water-cooled;
Resistance furnace is heated to the nearly β temperature of near αtitanium alloy, after the temperature of resistance furnace arrives the nearly β temperature of near αtitanium alloy, sample is put into resistance furnace; The nearly β temperature that resistance furnace is warming up to alpha titanium alloy starts insulation, and soaking time is every 1mm near αtitanium alloy specimen cross section equivalent diameter insulation 0.6 ~ 4min; After insulation terminates, in 0.2min, sample is submerged in water, by the mode of water-cooled, this sample is cooled to room temperature, makes sample tissue change into α
on axle+ martensite; The nearly β temperature of described near αtitanium alloy is the temperature range lower than β transition point 10 ~ 20 DEG C;
Step 2, two-phase region temperature stove is cold+air cooling;
Resistance furnace is heated to the two-phase region temperature of near αtitanium alloy; Start when resistance furnace is warming up to the two-phase region temperature of near αtitanium alloy insulation, soaking time be soaking time in step one basis on increase by 30 ~ 60min; Make resistance furnace stop heating after insulation terminates, make sample furnace cooling; When resistance furnace is cooled to the temperature range lower than β transition point 90 ~ 120 DEG C, takes out sample air cooling to room temperature, obtain the titanium alloy with tri-state tissue; The two-phase region temperature of described near αtitanium alloy is the temperature range lower than β transition point 40 ~ 60 DEG C.
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| CN104931315A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Method for testing nonuniformity of titanium alloy low power tissue |
| CN109371347A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-22 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of Ti-6242 titanium alloy tri-state tissue forging |
| CN113275600B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-06-07 | 北京科技大学 | Heat treatment method for obtaining tri-state structure in SLM forming titanium alloy |
| CN115161570A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-11 | 西北工业大学重庆科创中心 | Method for improving lasting mechanical property of near-alpha high-temperature titanium alloy by controlling phase proportion |
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| TA15钛合金的相变、组织与拉伸性能;张旺峰等;《中国有色金属学报》;20101031;第20卷;第524页左栏第2段至第525页左栏第2段，图1 * |
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