CN105088120B - Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with composite laminated structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with composite laminated structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002389 environmental scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with a composite laminated structure and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy comprehensive performance optimization. The preparation method comprises the following steps: choosing a Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy blank with a common laminated structure, subjecting the blank to a heat treatment, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 10 to 20 DEG C below the titanium alloy alpha/beta phase complete conversion point; maintaining the temperature for a while, and then cooling the blank to the room temperature in the air or by wind so as to obtain the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with a composite laminated structure. In the Widmannstatten structure, fine secondary alpha sheets are distributed between the large and coarse alpha sheets, the special structure can enhance the tensile property and fracture toughness of the Widmannstatten structure, and reduce the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) at the same time, and thus the mechanical property of the Widmannstatten structure is optimized. Furthermore, the limitation that exists in the conventional method utilizing a high-speed cooling technology to optimize Widmannstatten structure with a common laminated structure is broken through, and thus the application potential of Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by heat treatment optimize titanium alloy combination property technical field and in particular to one kind have compound
Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy of lamellar structure and preparation method thereof, this mechanical property obtains the titanium alloy optimizing in aerospace field
To there is broader range of application.
Background technology
Titanium alloy has higher specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance because of it, obtains in Aeronautics and Astronautics and ship domain
Obtained and be widely applied.The equiaxed structure of titanium alloy has excellent tensile property and high cycle fatigue performance, is current application
Widely titanium alloy microstructure's type.And the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with thick Original β grain has better than equiaxial or double
The damage tolerance performance of state tissue, i.e. relatively low fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and higher fracture toughness (KIC).Aviation
Structure design starts for the titanium alloy with Widmannstatten structure to be classified as selection range, to improve service life and the reliability of structure.
The Widmannstatten structure of existing titanium alloy has common lamellar structure, and it is in α/β mutually transition point T completely by alloyβWith
On obtained through Overheating Treatment, Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy tensile strength and the plasticity with common lamellar structure is relatively low, adopts
After improving solid solution, the mode of cooling velocity can improve tensile strength to a certain extent and reduce da/dN, but simultaneously with drawing
Stretch the loss of plasticity and fracture toughness, and there is certain limit for the reduction effect of da/dN.
It is desirable to material has lower da/dN, higher K in structure design selectionICAnd more excellent tensile property, because
This is it would be highly desirable to can carry out optimising and adjustment to the performance of material by heat treatment.
Content of the invention
For optimizing titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure further to improve the problem of its combination property, the present invention provides one kind to have
Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy of compound lamellar structure and preparation method thereof, Widmannstatten structure is reduced by suitable heat treatment simultaneously
Da/dN, raising KIC, and the tensile strength of material and plasticity all can obtain a certain degree of lifting.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of preparation method of the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure, the method choose first have general
The titanium alloy blank of the Widmannstatten structure of logical lamellar structure, is then heat-treated, and heat treatment temperature is this titanium alloy α/β phase
In the range of completely 10～20 DEG C below transition point；Titanium alloy blank insulation terminate after by air cooling or air-cooled in the way of be cooled to room
Temperature, obtains the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure.
Temperature retention time t (min)=η × δ that titanium alloy blank is heat-treatedmax, δmaxRepresented with millimeter (mm)
The maximum cross-section thickness of blank or diameter, η is heating coefficient, and the value of η refers to represent with minute for 0.4～0.9, t (min)
Time value.
The described Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure refers to be dispersed with β phase between α lamella, has common lamellar structure
Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy blank acquisition modes as follows：
By have the titanium alloy blank of equiaxial or bifurcation microscopic structure alloy α/β mutually 20 DEG C completely more than transition point～
A certain temperature in the range of 100 DEG C is heat-treated, and temperature retention time is t (min)=η × δmax, δmaxIt is to be represented with millimeter (mm)
The maximum cross-section thickness of blank or diameter, η is heating coefficient, and the value of η refers to represent with minute for 0.3～0.8, t (min)
Time value；Titanium alloy blank insulation terminates rear in the air and is cooled to room temperature, obtains the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure
Titanium alloy blank.
Using the titanium alloy of said method preparation, it has the Widmannstatten structure of compound lamellar structure, that is, in thick α piece
It is dispersed with tiny secondary α lamella, the volume ratio that described secondary α lamella accounts for is 60-80% between layer.
It is an advantage of the current invention that：
1st, the present invention passes through to be heat-treated Widmannstatten structure in alpha+beta two-phase section specific range of temperatures, and controls at heat
Cooling velocity after reason, is obtained in that a kind of compound lamellar structure, and this special construction can improve the stretching of Widmannstatten structure
Performance, fracture toughness simultaneously reduce its da/dN simultaneously, thus optimize the mechanical property of Widmannstatten structure further comprehensively, breach
The existing limitation Widmannstatten structure performance with common lamellar structure being optimized using raising cooling rate, is improve with Wei Shi group
Knit the application potential of titanium alloy.
2nd, the present invention passes through to be incubated the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure below α/β mutually complete transition point
And with certain speed cooling, in cooling procedure, the β phase in version of original coarse alpha piece interlayer is tiny secondary α lamella.Compound matrix
In layer tissue, the thick tiny secondary α lamella of interlayer has refined Widmannstatten structure microscopic structure size, and the stretching of lifting material is strong
Degree and plasticity, and fatigue crack is when extending to secondary α topsheet areas, and tiny secondary α lamella further increases crackle
The tortuous of extension, will further decrease da/dN.
3rd, the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure that the present invention obtains, compared to common lamellar structure
Widmannstatten structure, intensity, plasticity and the toughness with the Widmannstatten structure of compound lamellar structure have obtained optimizing simultaneously, wherein stretch
Plasticity lifting is more obvious, and about 30～40%.Material fatigue crack extended capability aspect, breaches only with raising cooling rate
For the limit of da/dN reduction effect, in the range of low Δ K, the da/dN of compound lamellar structure is only ordinary construction lamella
50% about, the service life of material can be greatly improved, increase the maintenance period of structural member, reduce cost.
Brief description：
Fig. 1 is typical titanium alloy equiaxed structure and the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure；Wherein：Equiaxial group of (a)
Knit；B () has the Widmannstatten structure of common lamellar structure.
Fig. 2 is the TC4 titanium alloy da/dN contrast (R=of equiaxed structure and the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure
0.1).
Fig. 3 is the thicker Widmannstatten structure microstructure of the lamella being obtained using the cold Slow cooling of stove.
Fig. 4 is da/dN pair of the Widmannstatten structure of the two kinds of lamellar spacings being obtained using stove cold (F.C.) and air cooling (A.C.)
Than (R=0.1).
Fig. 5 is the da/dN contrast of the Widmannstatten structure of the two kinds of α lamellar spacings being obtained using water-cooled (W.Q.) air cooling (A.C.)
(R=0.1).
Fig. 6 is the microstructure schematic diagram of the common lamellar structure of titanium alloy.
Fig. 7 is by being heat-treated the compound lamellar structure obtaining and its microstructure；Wherein：(a) compound lamella
Structural representation；The ESEM microstructure of (b) compound lamellar structure.
The compound lamellar structure that Fig. 8 obtains for different heat treatment temperature contrasts (R=with the da/dN of common lamellar structure
0.1).
Specific embodiment：
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.In following examples and comparative example, original titanium alloy blank is circle
Column, maximum cross-section diameter is all 120mm.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is that the TC4 titanium alloy for Ti-6Al-4V is heat-treated to nominal composition, and this alloy phase change point is
975±5℃.Heat treating regime is air cooling (A.C.) after 920 DEG C of insulations 1 hour, obtains and has the titanium alloy of equiaxed structure, such as schemes
Shown in 1 (a).Heat treating regime be 1020 DEG C insulation 1 hour after air cooling, obtain have common lamellar structure Widmannstatten structure titanium close
Gold, such as shown in Fig. 1 (b).Table 1 compares for the mechanical property of this titanium alloy equiaxed structure and Widmannstatten structure, and Fig. 2 is the da/ of the two
DN contrasts.As can be seen that compared with equiaxed structure, there is the tensile strength of the Widmannstatten structure of common lamellar structure and plasticity omited
Low, but there is excellent damage tolerance performance, i.e. relatively low da/dN and higher KIC.
Table 1Ti-6Al-4V alloy equiaxed structure and Widmannstatten structure tensile property and fracture toughness compare
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is that the TC4 titanium alloy for Ti-6Al-4V is fast by improving the cooling after solution treatment to nominal composition
Degree carries out optimising and adjustment to material property.After the heat treating regime of TC4 titanium alloy is incubated 1 hour for 1020 DEG C, stove is cold.Fig. 3 is to adopt
With the Widmannstatten structure microstructure that the lamella of the cold Slow cooling acquisition of stove is thicker, in this tissue, α lamellar spacing is about 5～10 μ
M, adopts the Widmannstatten structure pattern that air cooling obtains, in this tissue, α lamellar spacing is about 2 μm in Fig. 1 (b).It can be seen that, titanium alloy is existed
α/β mutually completely more than transition point carries out solid solution isothermal holding, is then cooled down with certain speed, cooling velocity obtains when different
The lamellar spacing obtaining also has difference.
Fig. 4 is the da/ of the Widmannstatten structure of the two kinds of different-thickness α lamellas being obtained using stove cold (F.C.) and air cooling (A.C.)
DN contrasts, and when cooling rate is very fast, da/dN is relatively low.But the water-cooled (W.Q.) using higher cooling rate is thinner to obtain lamella further
During little acicular martensite, significantly improve when the da/dN of material is but than air cooling, as shown in figure 5, acicular martensite have higher
Da/dN is relevant with its brittle deformation feature.
When fatigue crack extends in Widmannstatten structure, crackle tendency is in along the Directional Extension perpendicular or parallel to α lamella, shape
Become there is step-like crack propagation path, the numbers of steps being formed in crack propagation process is more, and crack path is more tortuous, splits
Line closure degree is higher, thus the da/dN of material is lower.Reducing α lamellar spacing then can increase formation in crack propagation process
Numbers of steps, and reduce da/dN.Da/dN can be reduced within the specific limits by the method improving heat treatment cooling velocity,
But when cooling velocity reaches at or above water-cooled, the martensitic structure of fragility will be formed, now the da/dN of material substantially carries on the contrary
Height, and KICSubstantially reduce.If the martensite of fragility therefore can be avoided the formation of while reducing α lamellar spacing, can enter
One step reduces the da/dN of material.But existing simple in the way of improving cooling rate and reducing α lamellar spacing, reaching certain pole
After limit, inevitably form the martensite of fragility.
As can be seen here, to reduce Widmannstatten structure da/dN further using the method improving cooling velocity is to have certain pole
Limit limits, and often with other mechanical property loss of energy.Table 2 is to improve cooling velocity to titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure mechanics
The effect tendency of performance.
Table 2 improves the effect tendency to titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure mechanical property for the cooling velocity after solution heat treatment
By cold the obtained common Widmannstatten structure pattern of comparative example 1-2 air cooling and stove, its microstructural schematic diagram is such as
Shown in Fig. 6, in Fig. 6, the black line between α lamella is remaining β phase.When Widmannstatten structure occurs plastic deformation, dislocation easily edge passes straight through
α lamella arranged side by side, thus reducing tensile strength, the da/dN value of material is also higher.β phase between α lamella will not be to draftability
There is optimization function in energy and da/dN value, the β phase between contrary α lamella is the weakness zone in titanium alloy plastic deformation, if can
Microscopic structure optimization is carried out to the region between α lamella it becomes possible to play the effect optimizing mechanical property.
Following examples are according to titanium alloy Transformation Principle, devise a kind of alpha+beta two-phase for titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure
Area's heat treatment mode, obtains the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure.Its obtaining step is broadly divided into two ranks
Section：First stage obtains the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure first；Second stage is to common lamellar structure Widmannstatten structure
It is heat-treated, obtained the Widmannstatten structure of compound lamellar structure.Specific as follows：
First stage：
By have the titanium alloy blank of equiaxial or bifurcation microscopic structure alloy α/β mutually 20 DEG C completely more than transition point～
A certain temperature in the range of 100 DEG C is heat-treated, and temperature retention time is t (min)=η × δmax, δmaxIt is the base being represented with millimeter
The maximum cross-section thickness of material or diameter, η is heating coefficient, the value of η for 0.3～0.8, t (min) refer to minute represent when
Between be worth.Titanium alloy blank insulation terminates rear in the air and is cooled to room temperature, obtains the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure.
Second stage：
By have the titanium alloy blank of the Widmannstatten structure of common lamellar structure alloy α/β mutually 15 completely below transition point ±
A certain temperature in the range of 5 DEG C is heat-treated, and temperature retention time is t (min)=η × δmax, δmaxIt is the blank being represented with millimeter
Maximum cross-section thickness or diameter, η is heating coefficient, and the value of η refers to the time representing with minute for 0.4～0.9, t (min)
Value.Titanium alloy blank insulation terminate after by air cooling or air-cooled in the way of be cooled to room temperature, obtain and there is compound lamellar structure
Widmannstatten structure.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is that the TC4 titanium alloy for Ti-6Al-4V carries out optimising and adjustment to nominal composition.To obtain in comparative example 1
The Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with common lamellar structure be heat-treated, treatment temperature be respectively 920 DEG C, 940 DEG C, 960
DEG C, after being incubated 1 hour, air cooling is to room temperature.By Widmannstatten structure in tow-phase region heat treatment, β phase both sides undergo phase transition first, part α
Phase in version is β phase, is cooled down with certain speed after held for some time, and the β phase in version between original α lamella becomes tiny secondary
α lamella, obtains compound lamellar structure, there is tiny secondary α lamella between original more thick α lamella, multiple
Shown in the structural representation of mould assembly lamella such as Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b) is then to be combined by Widmannstatten structure is carried out with heat treatment acquisition
The ESEM microstructure of matrix layer tissue.The tiny secondary α lamella refinement of thick interlayer in compound lamellar structure
Widmannstatten structure microscopic structure size, can lift the tensile property of material.And fatigue crack is extending to secondary α topsheet areas
When, tiny secondary α lamella further increases the tortuous of Crack Extension, will further decrease da/dN.
Have in the Widmannstatten structure of compound lamellar structure, the ratio of original thick α lamella and tiny secondary α lamella is
The key factor affecting the mechanical properties.When alpha+beta two-phase section different temperatures is heat-treated, temperature is higher obtain tiny secondary
α lamella proportion is higher, and only tiny secondary α lamella reaches and mechanical property could be played during higher proportion with obvious optimization
Effect.Fig. 8 be TC4 alloy Widmannstatten structure respectively through 920 DEG C, 940 DEG C, 960 DEG C of three kinds of heat treatment temperatures obtain compound
The da/dN of lamellar structure and common lamellar structure compares it can be seen that when heat treatment temperature reaches 960 DEG C, compound lamella
The da/dN of structure is significantly lower than common lamellar structure, and this is the ratio of tiny secondary α lamella being obtained by 960 DEG C of heat treatments
Example is sufficiently high, and volume fraction shared by tiny secondary α lamella is about 70%.
Table 3 is the Widmannstatten structure mechanics with common lamellar structure for the compound lamellar structure of the present embodiment TC4 alloy optimization
Performance comparison is it can be seen that the tensile strength of compound lamellar structure, stretching plastic, fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation energy
Power is better than common lamellar structure comprehensively.
Table 3 has the Widmannstatten structure mechanical property contrast of compound lamellar structure and common lamellar structure
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that TA15 titanium alloy is carried out with optimising and adjustment, and mutually knee pointy temperature completely is 985 to TA15 titanium alloy α/β
±5℃.First the TA15 titanium alloy blank with equiaxed structure is heat-treated, heat treatment temperature is 1030 DEG C, insulation 1 is little
When obtain there is the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy of common lamellar structure.Again it is heat-treated, 970 DEG C for the treatment of temperature, insulation 1 is little
When obtain there is the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy of compound lamellar structure, the Widmannstatten structure titanium that gained has compound lamellar structure closes
The volume ratio of the tiny secondary α lamella of gold is about 70%.
The Widmannstatten structure mechanical property pair of the compound lamellar structure that table 4 optimizes for TA15 titanium alloy and common lamellar structure
Than it can be seen that the tensile strength of compound lamellar structure, stretching plastic, fracture toughness and fatigue crack extended capability are comprehensive
Better than common lamellar structure.
Table 4 has the TA15 titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure mechanical property contrast of compound lamellar structure and common lamellar structure
As can be seen that the Widmannstatten structure with compound lamellar structure can not only obtain in TC4 alloy, for other one-tenth
The titanium alloy Widmannstatten structure divided, with certain speed cooling after 10～20 DEG C of insulations below alloy α/β mutually complete transition point, just
It is obtained in that performance optimizes compound lamellar structure.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of preparation method of the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure it is characterised in that：The method is first
Choose the titanium alloy blank of the Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure, be then heat-treated, heat treatment temperature is should
Titanium alloy α/β mutually 10～20 DEG C completely below transition point in the range of；Titanium alloy blank is incubated after terminating with air cooling or air-cooled side
Formula is cooled to room temperature, obtains the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure；Wherein：Titanium alloy blank is carried out at heat
Temperature retention time t (min)=η × δ of reasonmax, δmaxIt is maximum cross-section thickness or the diameter of the blank being represented with millimeter, η is heating
Coefficient, the value of η refers to the time value representing with minute for 0.4～0.9, t (min)；The described Wei with common lamellar structure
The titanium alloy blank acquisition modes of family name's tissue are as follows：
To there is the titanium alloy blank of equiaxial or bifurcation microscopic structure 20 DEG C～100 DEG C more than alloy α/β mutually complete transition point
In the range of a certain temperature be heat-treated, temperature retention time be t (min)=η × δmax, δmaxBe the blank being represented with millimeter
Heavy in section thickness or diameter, η is heating coefficient, and the value of η refers to the time value representing with minute for 0.3～0.8, t (min)；
Titanium alloy blank insulation terminates rear in the air and is cooled to room temperature, obtains the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy base with common lamellar structure
Material.
2. the preparation method of the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The described Widmannstatten structure with common lamellar structure refers to be dispersed with β phase between α lamella.
3. a kind of Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure of the method preparation using claim 1.
4. the Widmannstatten structure titanium alloy with compound lamellar structure according to claim 3 it is characterised in that：This titanium closes
Gold utensil has the Widmannstatten structure of compound lamellar structure, is dispersed with tiny secondary α lamella between thick α lamella, described
The volume ratio that secondary α lamella accounts for is 60～80%.
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| CN108893692B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-06-16 | 西北工业大学 | Thermal deformation method for obtaining equiaxed structure by controlling initial lamellar phase thickness of titanium alloy |
| CN112528465B (en) * | 2020-11-14 | 2023-06-13 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Near alpha titanium alloy performance optimization and component reverse design method based on Lesion theory |
| CN114472897B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-06-06 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Gradient titanium alloy with low adiabatic shear sensitivity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101353772A (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-01-28 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Heat treatment process improving two-phase titanium alloy damage tolerance property |
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