CN103205599A - Environmental-protection compact brass alloy material with high plasticity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environmental-protection compact brass alloy material with high plasticity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103205599A CN103205599A CN2013101300494A CN201310130049A CN103205599A CN 103205599 A CN103205599 A CN 103205599A CN 2013101300494 A CN2013101300494 A CN 2013101300494A CN 201310130049 A CN201310130049 A CN 201310130049A CN 103205599 A CN103205599 A CN 103205599A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environmental-protection compact brass alloy material. On a basis of the total amount of the materials, the metal taken with mass percentages is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 59 to 62% of copper, 33 to 38% of zinc, 1.5 to 2.6% of tin, 0.8 to 1.6% of bismuth, 0.35 to 0.75% of aluminum, and 0.05 to 0.16% of phosphorus, and the balance of inevitable impurity composition. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the brass alloy material. The environmental-protection compact brass alloy material with high plasticity is lead-free, poison-free, environmentally friendly, low in cost, excellent in tensile strength, ductility, hardness and corrosion, and greater in relative cutting performance. The environmental-protection compact brass alloy material of the invention can substitute the conventional lead brass alloy material to be used as the material of accessories and hardware; besides, the material provided by the invention can be also applied to the fields of machinery, electron, electric and etc.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material, relate in particular to fine and close brass alloy material of a kind of high-ductility environment friendly and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
The Winn bronze alloy material is acknowledged as important base mateiral owing to have good cutting performance, but plumbous as a kind of harmful element, when environment is caused very big pollution, human body is also caused various harm.So, develop new brass alloy material and replace the Winn bronze alloy material that significant meaning is arranged.
CN1461815A discloses a kind of leadless free-cutting brass alloy material, contains quality % copper: 60～62%, tin: 0.5～1.6%, bismuth: 0.5～2.2%, aluminium: 0.01～0.1%, phosphorus: 0.04～0.15%, and all the other are zinc and unavoidable impurities.These brass alloys adopt bismuth to replace the lead of Winn bronze alloy material, help to improve the cutting ability of brass alloy material, but the mechanical property of above-mentioned alloy material such as tensile strength, plasticity are not enough, and because bi content is higher, the production cost of alloy material is higher.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide the fine and close brass alloy material of a kind of high-ductility environment friendly.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The fine and close brass alloy material of a kind of high-ductility environment friendly is benchmark with the total amount of described material, and its metal is formed and counted by the quality percentage composition:
Copper (Cu) 59～62%;
Zinc (Zn) 33～38%;
Tin (Sn) 1.5～2.6%;
Bismuth (Bi) 0.8～1.6%;
Aluminium (Al) 0.35～0.75%;
Phosphorus (P) 0.05～0.16%;
All the other are the unavoidable impurities composition.-
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of described high-ductility environment friendly: the metal ingredient that above-mentioned content is equipped with melts casting, obtain ingot casting, with the thermal treatment of under 300～450 ℃ temperature, carrying out 2～5 hours after the ingot casting hot extrusion, with 100 ℃/hour speed of cooling cooling.
Described hot extrusion is: be 620～730 ℃ in temperature and pushed 2～3 hours down that extrusion ratio is 6～13.
This method also comprises carries out recrystallization annealing with the product after the hot extrusion.530～620 ℃ of the temperature of described recrystallization annealing, the time is 40～80 minutes.
Its physical and mechanical properties of brass alloy material of the present invention is as follows:
1, tensile strength: 543 MPas
2, hardness: 112HBS
3, plasticity: unit elongation is 45%
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
With existing Winn bronze alloy ratio, the fine and close brass alloy material of high-ductility environment friendly of the present invention is not leaded, toxicological harmless is environmental friendly product, and cost low, have good tensile strength, unit elongation, hardness, corrodibility and a better relative cutting.Brass alloy material of the present invention except alternative existing lead brass alloy material as ornaments, five metals material, also can be applicable to machinery, electronics, each field such as electric.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Below the metallic element that adds among the present invention is described.
1, copper
Generally speaking, consider from corrosion resistance nature and mechanical properties that copper content must just can obtain single-phase α tissue in the alloy material more than 63wt%.But the brass alloy material that provides of the present invention, by selecting suitable element and suitable proportioning for use, copper content is at 59～62wt%, and the effect of utilization and other elements still can obtain stable α phase constitution.Copper content increases on the other hand, though obtain the α phase easily, and can improve corrosion resistance nature, also can in tensile strength and hardness reduction, hot workability be worsened on the contrary.In order to ensure good hot workability, corrosion resistance nature, tensile strength and hardness, copper content is chosen in 59～62wt%.
2, tin
Tin increases in order to improve corrosion resistance nature.Add the effect that tin has the inhibition bismuth to move to crystal boundary in addition when hot-work.α+γ phase eutectoid transformation in opposite directions from β takes place in tin when carrying out thermal treatment described later, eliminate the β phase.The add-on of general tin surpasses 1.6wt%, and hard crisp γ phase transformation is many, and plasticity is reduced.But brass alloy material provided by the invention, by selecting suitable element and suitable proportioning for use, tin content 1.5～2.6wt% still can obtain good plasticity under the situation that corrosion resistance nature increases.
3, bismuth
At China's bismuth aboundresources, bismuth does not react with oxygen and water under the greenhouse, and is stable in the air, do not shrink when bismuth alloy solidifies.The property of bismuth own is crisp, and hardness is low, and it is crisp and characteristics that hardness is low help to improve the machining condition of alloy.Having bismuth the same with lead again is heavy metal, but harmless, and by replacing used so far alloying constituent lead with bismuth, in fact the parts that make alloy make do not have worrying toxicity.The fusing point of bismuth is low, exist with molten state in brass hot-work, and these particles moves at crystal boundary, can promote crack growth, and content is crossed the low effect that improves cutting ability that do not have again, and under the therefore preferred situation, the content of bismuth is 0.8～1.6wt%.
4, aluminium
The atomic radius of aluminium is 1.43 dusts, greater than the atomic radius of copper and zinc.Aluminium is dissolved in that the form with substitutional atom exists in the copper zinc alloy, after aluminium has been replaced the copper or zinc atom in the lattice, variation has taken place in the part in the periodicity of the inherent stress field of crystal, and certain distortion has taken place the lattice of crystal, has so just caused that the crystal elasticity stress field changes.When alloy produced deformation by the motion dislocation under external force, elastic stress field and motion dislocation generation interaction had increased the resistance to deformation of alloy, have just improved the intensity of alloy from macroscopic view.Studies show that content is the aluminium of 0.35～0.75wt%, greatly refinement the crystal grain of alloy material, the raising of intensity, hardness and the plasticity of alloy material is very helpful.In addition, the adding of a certain amount of aluminium not only can change the form of separating out of bismuth, makes it to separate out with subsphaeroidal, is conducive to machining, can also improve the anti dezincification character energy of alloy.And because the price of copper and bismuth, especially bismuth is all somewhat expensive, the adding of a certain amount of aluminium can reduce the cost of alloy.
5, phosphorus
The tin and the aluminium that add phosphorus and interpolation lump together, and are used for suppressing Dezincification corrosion.The time play reductor in fusion, casting in addition, when improving castability and integrity, be combined with copper and form Cu
3The P intermetallic compound improves wear resisting property.Compensate the embrittling effect that bismuth brings in addition in addition.Produce segregation at crystal boundary under the phosphorus add-on situation how, reduce plasticity.Also have the susceptibility of grain boundary corrosion to improve.But owing to suitably utilize phosphorous segregation at crystal boundary, suppress bismuth to the movement of crystal boundary, can improve hot workability by suitable adding phosphorus.Therefore, the suitable add-on of phosphorus is 0.05～0.16wt%.
6, zinc
Zinc is strengthened the matrix of this alloy material.Content 33～the 38wt% of zinc, hot workability is good, and intensity is also high.
As mentioned above, aluminium and phosphorus, aluminium and bismuth, phosphorus and copper, phosphorus and tin, phosphorus and bismuth, copper and tin, tin and bismuth interact in the alloy material of the present invention, produce the effect of accumulation, select the effect of optimal addition to be accumulated like this.Can guarantee superior corrosion resistance energy, hot workability by suitable thermal treatment.
The preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of described high-ductility environment friendly: the metal ingredient that above-mentioned content is equipped with melts casting, obtain ingot casting, with the thermal treatment of under 300～450 ℃ temperature, carrying out 2～5 hours after the ingot casting hot extrusion, with 100 ℃/hour speed of cooling cooling.This thermal treatment is in order further to increase the corrosion resistance nature of alloy material.
Described hot extrusion is: be 620～730 ℃ in temperature and pushed 2～3 hours down that extrusion ratio is 6～13.
Under the preferable case, this method also comprises carries out recrystallization annealing with the product after the hot extrusion, with the toughness of further improvement material.
530～620 ℃ of the temperature of described recrystallization annealing, the time is 40～80 minutes.
Embodiment 1
59wt% copper, 33wt% zinc, 1.5wt% tin, the 0.8wt% bismuth, 0.35wt% aluminium, 0.05wt% phosphorus, other is ingot casting (external diameter 50mm. length 100mm's is cylindrical .) hot extrusion (620 ℃ of the extrusion temperatures of inevitable impurity component, extrusion time 2 hours, extrusion ratio 6) become external diameter 11mm pole, the pole of hot extrusion molding is carried out recrystallization annealing at 530 ℃, the time is 70 minutes, heat-treated 2 hours at 300 ℃ then, with 100 ℃/hour speed of cooling cooling.Carry out cold-drawn then, making diameter is the 10mm pole.
Embodiment 2
Prepare brass alloy material according to embodiment 1 described method, different is, 62wt% copper, 38wt% zinc, 2.6wt% tin, 1.6%wt bismuth, 0.75wt% aluminium, 0.16wt phosphorus, other is the ingot casting (external diameter 50mm. length 100mm's is cylindrical .) of inevitable impurity component, 730 ℃ of extrusion temperatures, extrusion time 3 hours, extrusion ratio 13, the pole with hot extrusion molding carries out recrystallization annealing at 620 ℃ then, and the time is 40 minutes, heat-treated 5 hours at 450 ℃ then, with 100 ℃/hour speed of cooling cooling.Carry out cold-drawn then, making diameter is the 10mm pole.
Embodiment 3
Prepare brass alloy material according to embodiment 1 described method, different is without the recrystallization annealing step.
Comparative Examples 1
To contain 62wt% copper, 1.6wt% tin, 2.2wt% bismuth, 0.1wt% aluminium, 0.15wt% phosphorus, all the other are zinc and unavoidable impurities alloy material (the disclosed a kind of leadless free-cutting brass alloy material of CN1461815A, contain wt% copper: 60～62%, tin: 0.5～1.6%, bismuth: 0.5～2.2%, aluminium: 0.01～0.1%, phosphorus: 0.04～0.15%, all the other are zinc and unavoidable impurities) also carry out same machine-shaping according to embodiment 1 described method.
The performance test experimental result of material is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Sample | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Comparative Examples 1 |
| Dezincify thickness (micron) | 225.1 | 226.4 | 227.5 | 366.3 |
| Tensile strength | 537 | 550 | 487 | 420 |
| Relative machinability (%) | 100 | 98 | 88 | 82 |
| Hardness (HBS) | 115 | 107 | 120 | 60 |
| Unit elongation δ (%) | 43 | 48 | 42 | 35 |
From above-described embodiment and Comparative Examples more as can be seen, the brass alloy material that the present invention obtains has good tensile strength, unit elongation, hardness, corrodibility and better relative cutting, and since bi content low, cost is relatively low.
Claims (5)
1. the fine and close brass alloy material of a high-ductility environment friendly, it is characterized in that: the total amount with described material is benchmark, the metal composition is counted by the quality percentage composition: 59～62% bronze medals, 33～38% zinc, 1.5～2.6% tin, 0.8～1.6% bismuth, 0.35～0.75% aluminium, 0.05～0.16% phosphorus, all the other are the unavoidable impurities composition.
2. the preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of the described high-ductility environment friendly of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the metal ingredient that the described content of claim 1 is equipped with melts casting, obtain ingot casting, with the thermal treatment of under 300～450 ℃ temperature, carrying out 2～5 hours after the ingot casting hot extrusion, with 100 ℃/hour speed of cooling cooling.
3. the preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of high-ductility environment friendly according to claim 2 is characterized in that described hot extrusion is: be 620～730 ℃ in temperature and pushed 2～3 hours down that extrusion ratio is 6～13.
4. require the preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of described high-ductility environment friendly according to claim 2, it is characterized in that this method also comprises carries out recrystallization annealing with the product after the hot extrusion.
5. the preparation method of the fine and close brass alloy material of high-ductility environment friendly according to claim 4 is characterized in that the temperature of described recrystallization annealing is 530～620 ℃, and the time is 40～80 minutes.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106636732A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 余姚市庆达机械有限公司 | High-plasticity brass alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106978547A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-25 | 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 | Valve member and its alloy material, and alloy material, valve member processing method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1461815A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-17 | 三越金属株式会社 | Leadless easy cutted brass ally material and its manufacturing method |
| CN101343704A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2009-01-14 | 浙江天申铜业有限公司 | Leadless environment friendly bismuth brass alloy material suitable for gravity force cast and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101469384A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Brass alloy material and preparation thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1461815A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-17 | 三越金属株式会社 | Leadless easy cutted brass ally material and its manufacturing method |
| CN101469384A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Brass alloy material and preparation thereof |
| CN101343704A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2009-01-14 | 浙江天申铜业有限公司 | Leadless environment friendly bismuth brass alloy material suitable for gravity force cast and manufacture method thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106978547A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-25 | 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 | Valve member and its alloy material, and alloy material, valve member processing method |
| CN106636732A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 余姚市庆达机械有限公司 | High-plasticity brass alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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