CN103202441B - Making method of red date powder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a making method of red date powder. The making method includes the steps of selecting red dates, cleaning, pre-boiling, removing stones, adjusting acidity, protecting the color, allowing for enzymolysis, concentrating, adding anticaking agent, homogenizing, spray-drying, labeling, spraying the code, and boxing. The making method has the advantages that extraction rate of the method is 57.95%, the red date powder is 4.23% in water content and yellow, granules of the red date powder are even without caking, the red date powder has strong flavor of red date and the inherent taste of red date, and the red date powder which is fully dissolvable can be dissolved into solution in red of red date with no impurities visible to naked eyes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to food processing field, be specifically related to the preparation method of red date powder.
Background technology
Jujube (
ziziphusjujuba Mill.) be Rhamnaceae jujube, originate in China, have the cultivation history of more than 3000 year at least, be one of China important fruit tree of showing unique characteristics.At present, jujube cultivation in the whole nation approximately 500,000 hm
2, the cultivated area that wherein Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shan Xiwu economize accounts for 90% of the gross area.Approximately 1,000,000 tons of national jujube fruit total outputs in 2007, account for 98% of Gross World Product.
Along with the adjustment of Xinjiang agricultural planting structure, Xinjiang jujube industry has obtained development faster.In recent years, characteristic agriculture development strategy and brand strategy were vigorously implemented in Xinjiang, aimed at international, domestic market, and in jujube Industrial Construction, emphasis is implemented the plantation of characteristic high-quality red date, and every year with 666.7hm
2speed advance, gradually red date plantation is introduced to cultivated land, using jujube agriculture intercropping as main development form, high starting point, high standard, upper scale, realized the rationalization layout in red date commodity bases.At present, formation has completed red date and has built garden 4800hm
2, produce 5000 tons of left and right of red date per year, commodity rate reaches 70%, main for sale with the form of dry fruit.But still have 30% the very large difficulty of noncommodity date sale existence, can not meet the demand of people to date.Estimate 2009, Xinjiang will complete and build garden 7000hm comprehensively
2, within 2012, enter the best fruiting period, produce red date per year and will reach 3.1 ten thousand tons.
Xinjiang red dates (Hami date, grey jujube etc.) is the famous-brand and high-quality special product in Xinjiang, individual full greatly, meat pachydermia is thin, core is little, sweet, tasty and refreshing, at home and abroad win a high admiration.Xinjiang red dates is a kind of medicinal and high fruit of nutritive value, contains abundant nutriment and various trace elements.Taking grey jujube as example, in every 100g red date, approximately contain protein 1.2g, fatty 0.2g, sugared 23.2g, crude fibre 1.6g, calcium 27mg, phosphorus 25mg, Vc400～600mg, VB10.06mg, VB20.04mg, also contains iron, beta carotene, VP etc., and especially VC content is than high 4～6 times with the high and famous Kiwi berry of VC content.The nineties in 20th century, scientist finds again to contain in jujube the materials such as higher CAMP (C-AMP) and triterpenes.Clinical medicine shows, C-AMP has preventive and therapeutic action to the cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease, miocardial infarction.Along with the nutritive value of people to red date and the continuous understanding of medical value, and people's consumption idea is by the transformation to health simply having adequate food and clothing, both at home and abroad the demand of red date is increased day by day.In the international market, 1 ton of red date is equivalent to the price of 30 tons of apples or 10 tons of walnuts, and the source of goods is in great shortage, and supply falls short of demand.
But new fresh date is difficult to storage, only has the fresh and crisp state of several days after adopting under nature, pulp is softening browning very soon, and Vc is almost all oxidized, loses and eats value raw.Mainly red date to be shone into dry jujube or make the processed goods such as liquor-saturated dates, candied date, jujube vinegar to be beneficial to storage in the traditional way of China.But for a long time,, people are mainly that to eat dry and fresh fruit be main, not yet carry out red date powder deep process technology and study.
Along with the industrialization trend of red date processing, the processing of jujube powder, as a kind of method that in large industrialization processing, the method for comprehensive utilization of red date and the packaging of jujube powder and transport are simplified, has important effect in the processing and utilization of jujube.The research of fresh jujube powder process not only can reduce the generation chance of microorganism, and can be at ambient temperature long-term preservation can also extend supply season of product, balance production and marketing peak.Due to the glucose containing in fruit and fructose more, spraying is dry more difficult.Dry this series products of spraying both at home and abroad mainly contains two kinds of methods at present, and the one, add drying aid, the 2nd, adopt the equipment that spraying is dry with after ebullated bed or fluid bed, drier, aftercooler combine.Date is average sugary 73%, is mainly fructose, glucose, sucrose and a small amount of compound sugar and polysaccharide.Aspect the domestic spraying at dried fruit juice is dry, research is reported seldom, and the spraying of jujube powder is dry still less.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, by the research to red date powder process key technology, determine red date powder process optimum process technology, system research spraying drying mode and the impact of agglomeration resistance binding mode on red jujube powder craft, provide the preparation method of red date powder, for red date powder process processing provides than more comprehensive theory and practice foundation.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the preparation method of red date powder, comprises the following steps:
1) will after the red date cleaning of select, precook, the temperature of precooking 70-90 DEG C, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:5-1:7, the time 10-30min that precooks, obtains the jujube juice of precooking;
2) the jujube juice stoning smashing as pulpous state of precooking step 1) being obtained, obtains red date slurry;
3) by step 2) add citric acid 0.24% by weight percentage in the red date that obtains slurry, ascorbic acid 0.14%, sodium sulfite 0.08%, and adjust pH to 6.0-6.5 with citric acid and natrium citricum, obtain protecting look red date and starch;
4) step 3) is obtained protecting look red date slurry and add pectase to carry out enzymolysis, the addition of pectase is 0.01-0.03% by weight percentage, hydrolysis temperature 30-50 DEG C, and enzymolysis time 80-120min, obtains the red date slurry after enzymolysis;
5) the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis step 4) being obtained is concentrated into the 18-20% of former weight, obtains concentrated red date slurry;
6) in the concentrated red date slurry obtaining in step 5), add anticaking agent, described anticaking agent is maltodextrin by weight percentage 20% and the beta-schardinger dextrin-7% after composite, obtains the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection;
7) the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection step 6) being obtained adopts two-stage high pressure to carry out homogeneous processing, and homogenizing temperature is 30 DEG C, and first order pressure is 20MPa, and second level pressure is 25MPa, obtains homogeneous red date slurry;
8) homogeneous red date slurry step 7) being obtained is sprayed dry, and spray-dired process conditions are: input concentration is 20% by weight percentage, and air intake flow is 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate is 260mL/h, and EAT is 155 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is 200kPa, and feeding temperature is 30 DEG C.
Further, the preparation method of above-mentioned red date powder, in described step 1), 80 DEG C of the temperature of precooking, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:7, time 30min precooks.
Further, the preparation method of above-mentioned red date powder, in described step 4), the addition of pectase is 0.02% by weight percentage, 38 DEG C of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 115min.
Further, the preparation method of above-mentioned red date powder, in described step 5), the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis is concentrated into 19% of former weight.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the preparation method of red date powder provided by the invention, and red date powder flour extraction is 57.95%, red date powder moisture is 4.23%; It is yellow that red date powder color and luster is, uniform particles, and without caking, jujube is aromatic strongly fragrant, has the due taste of red date, can dissolve completely, the redness having for red date after dissolved and without the visible impurity of naked eyes.
The present invention is taking hotan date as object, on experiment of single factor basis, use Plackett-Burman method of experimental design, filter out the principal element that affects red date powder spraying drying effect, and utilize Box-Behnken response surface design principle to be optimized, obtain the dry optimum process condition of red date powder spraying, for red date powder suitability for industrialized production provides theoretical foundation and technical support.
raw material and the place of production:red date, is purchased from city of Aksu of Xinjiang.
agents useful for same source is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
。
instrument and equipment source is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
。
technological process:
spraying feed liquid is prepared:
Red date drains after cleaning, stoning fragmentation, precook together with browning inhibitor after softening and pull an oar, slurries, through pectase processing, filter on 120 eye mesh screens, discard insoluble matter, the red date slurry obtaining adds a certain amount of anticaking agent, crosses colloid mill and carries out refinement 3 times, then homogeneous under 30MPa pressure, last red date slurry is concentrated to needed concentration with Rotary Evaporators, sprays dry.
assay method:
4.2.1 red date powder determination of moisture:
Adopt GB/T5009.3-2010 direct drying method to carry out red date powder determination of moisture.
Getting the measuring cup of constant weight takes about 2g～10g(and is accurate to 0.0001g) red date powder sample, add a cover, after precision weighing, put in 101 DEG C～105 DEG C drying boxes, bottle cap tiltedly props up in bottle limit, after dry 2h～4h, build taking-up, weigh after putting into the cooling 0.5h of drier.And then put into the dry 1h of 101 DEG C～105 DEG C drying boxes left and right, and take out, weigh again after putting into the cooling 0.5h of drier.And repeat above twice 2mg of being no more than of poor quality in front and back that be operated to, be constant weight.
Moisture is calculated:
in formula: W-red date powder moisture, %;
The quality of m1-measuring cup and dry front sample, g;
Quality after m2-measuring cup and sample drying, g;
The quality of m0-measuring cup, g.
flour extraction is measured:
4.2.3 red date powder solubility test:
Take sample 5g(accurately to 0.01g) in 50mL beaker, for several times red date powder is dissolved in 50mL centrifuge tube with the moisture of 25 DEG C～30 DEG C of 38mL, jump a queue.Centrifuge tube is placed in to 30 DEG C of water and is incubated 5min, take out jolting 3min.Put in centrifuge, with the centrifugal 10min of rotating speed of 3000r/min, make insoluble matter precipitation.The supernatant that inclines, and clean tube wall with tampon.Add the water 38mL of 25 DEG C～30 DEG C again, jump a queue, vibration up and down, suspends precipitation.Put centrifugal 10min in centrifuge, the supernatant that inclines, carefully cleans tube wall with tampon again.With a small amount of water, precipitation is rinsed in the weighing disk of known quality, first on boiling water bath by moisture evaporate to dryness in ware, then move into and in 100 DEG C of baking ovens, be dried to constant weight (last twice 2mg of being no more than of poor quality).
In formula: D-red date powder solubility, %;
M
3the quality of-red date powder sample, g;
M
4the quality of-insoluble matter, g;
W-red date powder moisture, %.
the dry subjective appreciation of red date powder spraying:
Spraying drying effect subjective appreciation leading indicator has sticky wall situation, structural state, color and luster, smell, flavour.
Get red date powder goods in white enamel basin, under natural daylight, visually observe color and luster, face shaping, have or not caking, have free from admixture; Color and luster after dissolved, smell, flavour, has free from extraneous odour.
(1) color and luster and mode of appearance:
Take in the powdery sample and white enamel basin that 10g mixes, detecting by an unaided eye, it has or not obvious pigment granule, caking phenomenon.The whether loose uniformity of form, has or not granule.After dissolved, whether there is the due color and luster of this kind.
(2) fragrance and flavour:
After dissolved dilution, carefully differentiate its fragrance and flavour by sense of smell and the sense of taste immediately, check and have free from extraneous odour.
(3) impurity:
Take sample that 10g mixes in 500ml beaker, add the water 100ml of 85 DEG C, turn along stirring 15 with glass bar, counter stir 15 turn after, check that bottom has or not macroscopic exogenous impurity.
Subjective appreciation adopts point system, requires more than 5 people spraying drying effect to be given a mark, and is aided with sense organ description.Organoleptic examination standards of grading are as shown in table 3.Standards of grading taking in GB about the relevant scoring standard of solid beverage is as basis, and adjust accordingly, with the spray-dired actual conditions of the red date powder of more fitting.
Table 3
。
results and analysis:
the selection of anticaking agent is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Average sugary 73% in red date, be mainly fructose, glucose, sucrose and a small amount of compound sugar and polysaccharide, sugar content is higher, as dry in Direct spraying more difficult, therefore, adds a certain amount of anticaking agent and improve the spraying drying effect of red date powder.
Select soluble starch, maltodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin-, silica to make anticaking agent, taking red date powder flour extraction, red date powder solubility, spraying drying effect sensory evaluation scores etc. as index, determine the impact of anticaking agent on red date spraying drying effect.Anticaking agent addition is to account for the percentage of red date slurry soluble solid content.
Setting spray dryer each parameter and be input concentration 25%, feed rate 400mL/h, feeding temperature is 30 DEG C, air intake flow 0.6m
3/ min, EAT are that 160 DEG C, air intake pressure are 180kPa.
soluble starch is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Take soluble starch addition in red date slurry to be respectively 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% 5 level, respectively take 500mL feed liquid, spray dry.Experimental result as shown in Figure 1.
Along with the increase of soluble starch addition, red date flour extraction increases gradually, reaches maximum in the time that addition is 7%; Because soluble starch solubility is less, red date powder solubility is along with the increase of addition reduces gradually; Spraying drying effect sensory evaluation scores first increases, and maximum in the time that soluble starch addition is 5%, reduces thereafter gradually.Consider, the addition of soluble starch should be controlled in 5-7%.Simultaneously known on the subjective appreciation of red date spraying drying effect impact according to soluble starch, because addition is less, sticky wall is comparatively serious, and red date powder have caking phenomenon, dissolve after have precipitation, in the time that addition is too much, the sticky phenomenon of keeping away is alleviated, and caking phenomenon alleviates to some extent, but jujube powder is with fecula peculiar smell, and organoleptic quality is poor.Because the dissolubility of soluble starch is also bad, addition is too much again, and the phenomenon of plug nozzle easily occurs in the time that spraying is dry.Thereby it is little to improving the effect of red date spraying drying effect to add separately soluble starch.
maltodextrin is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Take maltodextrin addition in red date slurry to be respectively 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% 5 level, respectively take 500mL feed liquid, spray dry, result is as shown in table 4, and table 4 is the subjective appreciation of maltodextrin on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Maltodextrin is comparatively obvious to the flour extraction of raising red date powder.Along with the increase of maltodextrin addition, red date powder flour extraction is increase trend always.From subjective appreciation, when maltodextrin addition is lower, the sticky wall of red date powder is more serious, but also there will be the phenomenons such as powder particle is inhomogeneous, caking, but when addition is too large, can make red date powder color thin out and lose gradually the due color and luster of red date, and can reduce the due jujube perfume (or spice) of red date and mouthfeel.Ensureing on the basis of product color, in order to improve the dry flour extraction of spraying, selecting maltodextrin addition is 5-25% scope.Maltodextrin because maltodextrin dissolubility is better, can not cause the insoluble problem of red date powder again, so can be used as the dry comparatively desirable anticaking agent of red date powder spraying.
Table 4
。
beta-schardinger dextrin-is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Take beta-schardinger dextrin-addition in red date slurry to be respectively 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% 5 level, respectively take 500mL feed liquid, spray dry.Experimental result is as shown in Fig. 2 and table 5, and table 5 is the subjective appreciation of beta-schardinger dextrin-on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the increase of beta-schardinger dextrin-addition, red date powder flour extraction and sensory evaluation scores increase gradually, and it is maximum that flour extraction reaches in the time that addition is 10%, declines to some extent thereafter; It is maximum that sensory evaluation scores reaches in the time of addition 5%, reduces gradually thereafter.Red date powder solubility reduce gradually with the increase of beta-schardinger dextrin-addition and have gradually precipitation produce, this with beta-schardinger dextrin-the solubility in water relevant.Consider, beta-schardinger dextrin-addition is chosen in 5-10%.Due to the cage type molecular structure of beta-schardinger dextrin-, the coloring matter in red date and fragrance component are had to certain protective effect, so can select beta-schardinger dextrin-as compound anti-caking agent composition.
Table 5
。
silica is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Take silica addition in red date slurry to be respectively 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.5% 5 level, respectively take 500mL feed liquid, spray dry.Experimental result is as shown in Fig. 3 and table 6, and table 6 is the subjective appreciation of silica on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the increase of silica addition, red date powder flour extraction increases gradually, but red date powder solubility reduces gradually.Due to silica do not dissolve and its to add quantitative limitation as a kind of food additives be that silica addition in food is less, during it is dry to red date powder spraying, caking and the solubility of sticky wall situation, jujube powder can not produce obvious favorable influence, and therefore this experiment does not select silica as compound anti-caking agent composition.
Table 6
。
anticaking agent compound and on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
According to single anticaking agent, red date spraying drying effect is affected to experimental result known, the result of use of single anticaking agent is poor.This experimental selection maltodextrin and beta-schardinger dextrin-carry out the compound of anticaking agent, to improve red date spraying drying effect.
Take maltodextrin addition to be respectively 40%, 50%, 60% 3 level and beta-schardinger dextrin-addition is respectively 5%, 7%, 9% 3 level, carry out total divisor experiment.Result is as shown in table 7, and table 7 is the impact of compound anti-caking agent red date spraying drying effect.
Table 7
。
From subjective appreciation, the more single anticaking agent of the interpolation of compound anti-caking agent is better to red date powder spraying drying effect, selects 20% maltodextrin and 7% beta-schardinger dextrin-to carry out compound adding in red date slurry for the dry powder process of spraying according to sensory evaluation scores.
the dry each factor of spraying is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Red date magma adds and accounts for the maltodextrin of red date soluble solid content 20% and 7% beta-schardinger dextrin-, cross colloid mill and carry out refinement 3 times, then homogeneous under 30MPa pressure, last red date slurry is concentrated to needed concentration with Rotary Evaporators, sprays dry.
input concentration is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing feed rate 400mL/min, feeding temperature are that 30 DEG C, air intake flow are that 0.6m3/min, EAT are that 160 DEG C, atomizing pressure are 180kPa, and input concentration is chosen 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% 6 level and spray and be dried.Result is as shown in Fig. 4 and table 8, and table 8 is that input concentration is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the increase of input concentration, red date powder powder delivery takes the lead in increasing rear reduction, and the moisture in red date powder first reduces rear increase.In the time that input concentration is less than 20%, because water content in feed liquid is larger, cause red date powder dry insufficient, the moisture in jujube powder is higher, occurs more serious wall sticking phenomenon; In the time that input concentration is greater than 25%, because solid content in feed liquid is higher, viscosity is larger, can cause difficult feed, and dried particles particle diameter is larger, and the uneven moisture that is heated in spray-drying process is difficult to evaporation, occurs wall sticking phenomenon.Thereby input concentration is chosen in 20-30% scope and is advisable.
Table 8
。
air intake flow is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing input concentration is 25%, feeding temperature is that 30 DEG C, EAT are that 160 DEG C, atomizing pressure are 180kPa, and air intake flow is chosen 0.4m3/min, 0.5m3/min, 0.6m3/min, 0.7m3/min, 0.8m3/min, six levels of 0.9m3/min are sprayed dry.Result is as shown in Fig. 5 and table 9, and table 9 is that air intake flow is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the increase of air intake flow, red date powder delivery declines after taking the lead in increasing to some extent, and red date powder moisture raises after first reducing to some extent.When air intake flow is lower than 0.6m3/min, wind can not be sent into Drying Dates powder in receiving flask, moisture fully can not be taken away and dried particles is got damp again simultaneously, causes red date powder flour extraction lower, and moisture is higher, occurs sticky wall situation; When air intake flow is greater than 0.7m3/min, flour extraction slightly reduces, and moisture slightly raises, this is that shorter time of contact with spray droplet, powder can not be fully dry because wind speed is too large, high air intake flow can be taken out of red date powder by outlet port simultaneously, causes flour extraction to reduce.Thereby air intake flow to be chosen in 0.6-0.8m3/mim be good.
Table 9
。
feed rate is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing input concentration 400mL/min, input concentration are 25%, feeding temperature is that 30 DEG C, air intake flow are 0.6 m
3/ min, EAT are that 160 DEG C, atomizing pressure are 180kPa, and feed rate is chosen 200mL/min, 300mL/min, 400mL/min, 500mL/min, 600mL/min, six levels of 700mL/min are sprayed dry.Result is as shown in Fig. 6 and table 10, and table 10 is that feed rate is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the increase of feed rate, red date powder flour extraction slightly increases and then reduces, and red date powder moisture is increase trend.Feed rate is little, and spray droplet can fully contact with hot blast and carry out bone dry, but feed rate is too low, can make dry powder less, is not easy sent into loading head by wind and discharge with waste gas, reduces thereby cause collecting powder rate.And feed rate is too high, because charging is too fast, feed liquid is dry not thorough, and the red date powder moisture obtaining is too high, and can serious sticky wall.So selection feed rate is 200-400mL/h.
Table 10
。
eAT is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing feed rate 400mL/min, input concentration are 25%, feeding temperature is that 30 DEG C, air intake flow are 0.6m
3/ min, atomizing pressure are 180kPa, and EAT is got 140 DEG C, 150 DEG C, 160 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 190 DEG C six levels and sprayed dry.Result is as shown in Fig. 7 and table 11, and table 11 is that EAT is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the rising of EAT, red date powder powder delivery takes the lead in increasing rear reduction, and red date powder moisture reduces gradually.In the time that EAT is lower, hot blast contacts with spraying feed liquid in hothouse, and the evaporation that can not provide sufficient heat energy to supply moisture in atomized drop is dry insufficient, thereby red date powder moisture is large, and sticky wall is serious, and red date powder flour extraction is lower; In the time that EAT is too high, because sugar content in red date is higher, at high temperature melt even coking, cause flour extraction to reduce, and cause red date powder color and luster dimmed, produce and be charred taste.Therefore, select EAT better 150-170 DEG C of scope.
Table 11
。
atomizing pressure is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing feed rate 400mL/min, input concentration are 25%, feeding temperature is that 30 DEG C, air intake flow are 0.6m
3/ min, EAT are 160 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is chosen 120kPa, 140kPa, 160kPa, 180kPa, 200kPa, six levels of 220kPa are sprayed dry.Result is as Fig. 8.
Along with the increase red date powder flour extraction of atomizing pressure increases, moisture reduces, and this is because atomizing pressure is higher, and material drop fogging degree is higher, in hothouse, contact with hot blast be heated more even, corresponding be dried also comparatively abundant.But in experimentation, atomizing pressure is not obvious on the sticky wall situation of red date powder and the impact of jujube powder particles structural state, considers, and selects atomizing pressure comparatively suitable in 160-200kPa scope.
feeding temperature is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect
Fixing feed rate 400mL/min, input concentration are 25%, air intake flow is 0.6 m
3/ min, EAT are that 160 DEG C, atomizing pressure are 180kPa, and feeding temperature is chosen 30 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C six levels and sprayed dry.Result is as shown in Fig. 9 and table 12, and table 12 is that EAT is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Along with the raising of feeding temperature, red date powder moisture reduces gradually, but impact is little as a whole.Feeding temperature is during lower than 50 DEG C, not obvious on the impact of red date powder flour extraction, but feeding temperature is too high, can cause the bad stability of red date active ingredient, under identical air-inlet condition, dry powder outlet temperature uprises, thereby red date powder color and luster and local flavor are impacted simultaneously.Generally speaking, feeding temperature can be chosen in 30-50 DEG C of scope.
Table 12
。
the dry important factor in order of method screening red date powder spraying
Plackett-Burman method of experimental design is the near saturated two horizontal experimental design methods taking incomplete equilibrium piece as principle, can once test multiple independent regulated variables, comform in multivariable and fast and effeciently filter out the most key several factors that experimental result had to remarkable impact by statistical analysis, for further research provides foundation.
On experiment of single factor basis, taking red date powder flour extraction and moisture as index, 6 factors that affect red date spraying drying effect to be screened, each factor is got respectively two levels, low-level (1) and high level (+1), totally 12 experiments are combined.Test each factor and level in table 13, Plackett-Burman experimental design scheme and experimental result are in table 14.
Table 13
。
Table 14
。
As shown in Table 14, within the scope of selected factor level, red date powder moisture is all lower than 5%, meets pulverulent solids beverage water content in GB not higher than 5% related request, thereby the red date powder water content of one of response index do not carried out to variance analysis at this.
For response red date powder flour extraction, utilize Mintab15.0 to carry out variance analysis to experimental result, analysis result is in table 15.
Table 15
。
As shown in Table 15, main effect P=0.048, shows that Plackett-Burman experimental design factor is remarkable on the impact of red date powder flour extraction in selected horizontal extent, and coefficient R 2=0.8529 simultaneously, illustrates and return effectively, experimental design is reliable.Can be found out air intake flow (X by table simultaneously
2), feed rate (X
3), EAT (X
4) be the principal element that affects red date powder flour extraction, wherein air intake flow and feed rate are in 95% confidence level impact significantly, EAT in 90% confidence level impact significantly, all the other factors are not remarkable in 90% confidence level impact, therefore can choose air intake flow, feed rate, three factors of EAT and further optimize.
Figure 10 has reflected the affect effect of each factor on red date powder flour extraction intuitively.Each factor is the impact effect difference to red date powder flour extraction when uneven; Connect uneven this factor of the larger explanation of gradient also larger on the impact of red date powder flour extraction.In figure, show that air intake flow, feed rate, EAT are more obvious on the impact of red date powder flour extraction than input concentration, atomizing pressure, feeding temperature, this with table in each factor P value result correlate mutually.As seen from the figure simultaneously, input concentration, feeding temperature and red date powder flour extraction are negative correlation, atomizing pressure is proportionate with it, the effect value of three factors is respectively-0.710 ,-0.650,1.673 as shown in Table 16, therefore we can choose input concentration 20%, atomizing pressure 200kPa, 30 DEG C of feeding temperatures.
Figure 11 has shown the absolute value of each factorial effect and to the putting in order of red date powder flour extraction impact effect importance, the factor that exceedes vertical line is remarkable influence factor.The key factor importance ranking that under 90% confidence level, Plackett-Burman design method filters out is air intake flow, feed rate, EAT.
response surface method is optimized red date powder spraying drying condition
According to Plackett-Burman experimental result, taking red date powder flour extraction as response index, fixing input concentration 20%, atomizing pressure 200kPa, 30 DEG C of feeding temperatures, for air intake flow, feed rate, 3 principal elements of EAT, adopt the supplementary means that Design-Expert7.1 software is experimental design analysis, use Box-Behnken design principle to carry out the experiment of Three factors-levels response surface analysis.Response surface analysis factor level is in table 16, and response surface design and result of the test are in table 17.
Table 16
。
Table 17
。
By Design-Expert7.1 software, experimental result is carried out to quadratic polynomial matching and variance analysis, the results of analysis of variance is in table 18, and red date powder flour extraction regression equation is:
Y=56.79-2.13A-1.63B-0.25C-0.23AB+0.23AC+4.15BC-4.15A
2-4.43B
2+0.059C
2
Table 18
。
P value is the standard of inspection regression coefficient, in the time of P ﹤ 0.05, shows that this index is remarkable.From regression model P=0.0104 in table 18, this model highly significant, shows that experimental design is reliable.The coefficient R of model simultaneously
2=0.9472, illustrate that regression equation and experimental result matching situation are better, the relation between each factor and response can be described preferably.Variance analysis between variable and response: A, B, BC, A
2, B
2reach the level of signifiance.In each influence factor, quadratic term feed rate (B
2) have the greatest impact, be secondly a mutual feed rate and EAT (BC), under it, be quadratic term air intake flow (A successively
2), air intake flow (A) and feed rate (B) once.This shows that each empirical factor is not simple linear relationship on the impact of response.In order to show intuitively the impact of each factor on red date powder flour extraction, the reciprocation between each factor is shown in corresponding response surface figure, as Figure 12-Figure 14.
When EAT is 160 DEG C, air intake flow and feed rate on the impact of red date powder flour extraction as Figure 12.
As shown in Figure 12, in feed rate 200-400ml/h scope, red date red date powder flour extraction first increases afterwards and reduces with the increase of air intake flow.
In the time that feed rate is 300ml/h, the impact of air intake flow and EAT red date powder flour extraction is as Figure 13.
As shown in Figure 13, at air intake flow 0.6-0.8m
3within the scope of/min, red date powder flour extraction is along with the increase of EAT has downward trend gradually.
In the time that air intake flow is 300mL/h, feed rate and EAT on the impact of red date powder flour extraction as Figure 14.
As shown in Figure 14, EAT one timing, along with the increase of feed rate, red date powder powder delivery reduces after taking the lead in increasing.
Analysis by three factors to red date powder flour extraction impact effect response surface, utilizes red date powder flour extraction response surface regression equation can determine the dry optimum process condition of red date powder spraying.As calculated, optimal procedure parameters encoded radio is: A=0.45, B=-0.42, C=-0.57; Corresponding each factor actual value is respectively: air intake flow 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate 258.01mL/h, 154.29 DEG C of EATs, now red date powder flour extraction is 57.94%.For ease of experiment parameter control, get air intake flow 0.75m3/min, feed rate 260mL/h, 155 DEG C of EATs, through experimental verification, the red date powder flour extraction recording under this condition is 57.95%, differs not remarkable with theoretical value 57.94%.The red date powder moisture simultaneously recording is 4.23%, meets pulverulent solids beverage water content in GB lower than 5% related request.
red date powder product quality indicator
5.6.1 organoleptic indicator
Color and luster: red date powder is the faint yellow of homogeneous, the redness having for red date after reconstituting.
Mode of appearance: uniform particles, without caking, reconstitutes rear without the visible impurity of naked eyes.
Fragrance and flavour: jujube is aromatic strongly fragrant, jujube taste is better, and sweet taste is moderate.
Dissolubility: dissolve completely.
physical and chemical index
Moisture: 4.23%(<5%)
Total reducing sugar: 83.1%
Ash content: 3.5%(<6%)
5.6.3 microbiological indicator
Total plate count: 278 cfu/g
Escherichia coli: do not detect
Pathogenic bacteria: do not detect
, conclusion:
(1) by single anticaking agent, red date spraying drying effect is affected to experiment, determine and select 50% maltodextrin and 7% beta-schardinger dextrin-to carry out compound adding in red date slurry for the dry powder process of spraying.
(2) according to experiment of single factor, adopt the supplementary means that Mintab15.0 software is experimental design analysis, use Plackett-Burman method of experimental design, taking red date powder flour extraction as leading indicator, 6 factors that affect red date spraying drying effect are screened, determined air intake flow, feed rate, 3 principal elements of EAT.
(3) according to Plackett-Burman experimental result, taking red date powder flour extraction as response index, fixing input concentration 20%, atomizing pressure 200kPa, 30 DEG C of feeding temperatures, for air intake flow, feed rate, 3 principal elements of EAT, adopt the supplementary means that Design-Expert7.1 software is experimental design analysis, use Box-Behnken design principle to carry out the experiment of Three factors-levels response surface analysis, obtaining optimised process is air intake flow 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate 260mL/h, 155 DEG C of EATs, the red date powder flour extraction recording under this condition is 57.95 %.
(4) the dry optimum process condition of red date powder spraying is: maltodextrin addition 20%, beta-schardinger dextrin-addition 7%, input concentration 20%, air intake flow 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate 260mL/h, 155 DEG C of EATs, atomizing pressure 200kPa, 30 DEG C of feeding temperatures.Under this condition, red date powder flour extraction is 57.95%, and red date powder moisture is 4.23%; It is yellow that red date powder color and luster is, uniform particles, and without caking, jujube is aromatic strongly fragrant, has the due taste of red date, can dissolve completely, the redness having for red date after dissolved and without the visible impurity of naked eyes.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that soluble starch is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Fig. 2 is that beta-schardinger dextrin-is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Fig. 3 is that silica is on the impact of red date spraying drying effect.
Fig. 4 is the impact of input concentration on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Fig. 5 is the impact of air intake flow on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Fig. 6 is the impact of feed rate on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Fig. 7 is the impact of EAT on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Fig. 8 is the impact of atomizing pressure on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Fig. 9 is the impact of feeding temperature on red date powder flour extraction and moisture.
Figure 10 is that each factor is to red date powder flour extraction impact effect.
Figure 11 is that each factor is to red date powder flour extraction impact effect importance.
Figure 12 is air intake flow and the response surface of feed rate on the impact of red date powder flour extraction.
Figure 13 is air intake flow and the response surface of EAT on the impact of red date powder flour extraction.
Figure 14 is feed rate and the response surface of EAT on the impact of red date powder flour extraction.
Detailed description of the invention
embodiment 1:
The preparation method of red date powder, comprises the following steps:
1) will after the red date cleaning of select, precook, the temperature 70 C of precooking, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:5, the time 10min that precooks, obtains the jujube juice of precooking;
2) the jujube juice stoning smashing as pulpous state of precooking step 1) being obtained, obtains red date slurry;
3) by step 2) add citric acid 0.24% by weight percentage in the red date that obtains slurry, ascorbic acid 0.14%, sodium sulfite 0.08%, and adjust pH to 6.0, obtain protecting look red date slurry;
4) step 3) is obtained protecting look red date slurry and add pectase to carry out enzymolysis, the addition of pectase is 0.01% by weight percentage, 30 DEG C of hydrolysis temperatures, and enzymolysis time 80min, obtains the red date slurry after enzymolysis;
5) the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis step 4) being obtained is concentrated into 18% of former weight, obtains concentrated red date slurry;
6) in the concentrated red date slurry obtaining in step 5), add anticaking agent, described anticaking agent is maltodextrin by weight percentage 20% and the beta-schardinger dextrin-7% after composite, obtains the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection;
7) the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection step 6) being obtained adopts two-stage high pressure to carry out homogeneous processing, and homogenizing temperature is 30 DEG C, and first order pressure is 20MPa, and second level pressure is 25MPa, obtains homogeneous red date slurry;
8) homogeneous red date slurry step 7) being obtained is sprayed dry, and spray-dired process conditions are: input concentration is 20% by weight percentage, and air intake flow is 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate is 260mL/h, and EAT is 155 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is 200kPa, and feeding temperature is 30 DEG C.
embodiment 2:
The preparation method of red date powder, comprises the following steps:
1) will after the red date cleaning of select, precook, 90 DEG C of the temperature of precooking, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:7, the time 30min that precooks, obtains the jujube juice of precooking;
2) the jujube juice stoning smashing as pulpous state of precooking step 1) being obtained, obtains red date slurry;
3) by step 2) add citric acid 0.24% by weight percentage in the red date that obtains slurry, ascorbic acid 0.14%, sodium sulfite 0.08%, and adjust pH to 6.5, obtain protecting look red date slurry;
4) step 3) is obtained protecting look red date slurry and add pectase to carry out enzymolysis, the addition of pectase is 0.03% by weight percentage, 50 DEG C of hydrolysis temperatures, and enzymolysis time 120min, obtains the red date slurry after enzymolysis;
5) the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis step 4) being obtained is concentrated into 20% of former weight, obtains concentrated red date slurry;
6) in the concentrated red date slurry obtaining in step 5), add anticaking agent, described anticaking agent is maltodextrin by weight percentage 20% and the beta-schardinger dextrin-7% after composite, obtains the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection;
7) the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection step 6) being obtained adopts two-stage high pressure to carry out homogeneous processing, and homogenizing temperature is 30 DEG C, and first order pressure is 20MPa, and second level pressure is 25MPa, obtains homogeneous red date slurry;
8) homogeneous red date slurry step 7) being obtained is sprayed dry, and spray-dired process conditions are: input concentration is 20% by weight percentage, and air intake flow is 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate is 260mL/h, and EAT is 155 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is 200kPa, and feeding temperature is 30 DEG C.
embodiment 3:
The preparation method of red date powder, comprises the following steps:
1) will after the red date cleaning of select, precook, 80 DEG C of the temperature of precooking, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:6, the time 20min that precooks, obtains the jujube juice of precooking;
2) the jujube juice stoning smashing as pulpous state of precooking step 1) being obtained, obtains red date slurry;
3) by step 2) add citric acid 0.24% by weight percentage in the red date that obtains slurry, ascorbic acid 0.14%, sodium sulfite 0.08%, and adjust pH to 6.3, obtain protecting look red date slurry;
4) step 3) is obtained protecting look red date slurry and add pectase to carry out enzymolysis, the addition of pectase is 0.02% by weight percentage, 40 DEG C of hydrolysis temperatures, and enzymolysis time 100min, obtains the red date slurry after enzymolysis;
5) the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis step 4) being obtained is concentrated into the 18-20% of former weight, obtains concentrated red date slurry;
6) in the concentrated red date slurry obtaining in step 5), add anticaking agent, described anticaking agent is maltodextrin by weight percentage 20% and the beta-schardinger dextrin-7% after composite, obtains the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection;
7) the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection step 6) being obtained adopts two-stage high pressure to carry out homogeneous processing, and homogenizing temperature is 30 DEG C, and first order pressure is 20MPa, and second level pressure is 25MPa, obtains homogeneous red date slurry;
8) homogeneous red date slurry step 7) being obtained is sprayed dry, and spray-dired process conditions are: input concentration is 20% by weight percentage, and air intake flow is 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate is 260mL/h, and EAT is 155 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is 200kPa, and feeding temperature is 30 DEG C.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of red date powder, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) will after the red date cleaning of select, precook, 80 DEG C of the temperature of precooking, the solid-liquid ratio of red date and water is 1:7, the time 30min that precooks, obtains the jujube juice of precooking;
2) the jujube juice stoning smashing as pulpous state of precooking step 1) being obtained, obtains red date slurry;
3) by step 2) add citric acid 0.24% by weight percentage in the red date that obtains slurry, ascorbic acid 0.14%, sodium sulfite 0.08%, and adjust pH to 6.0-6.5 with citric acid and natrium citricum, obtain protecting look red date and starch;
4) step 3) is obtained protecting look red date slurry and add pectase to carry out enzymolysis, the addition of pectase is 0.02% by weight percentage, 38 DEG C of hydrolysis temperatures, and enzymolysis time 115min, obtains the red date slurry after enzymolysis;
5) the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis step 4) being obtained is concentrated into the 18-20% of former weight, obtains concentrated red date slurry;
6) in the concentrated red date slurry obtaining in step 5), add anticaking agent, described anticaking agent is maltodextrin by weight percentage 20% and the beta-schardinger dextrin-7% after composite, obtains the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection;
7) the concentrated red date slurry of resistive connection step 6) being obtained adopts two-stage high pressure to carry out homogeneous processing, and homogenizing temperature is 30 DEG C, and first order pressure is 20MPa, and second level pressure is 25MPa, obtains homogeneous red date slurry;
8) homogeneous red date slurry step 7) being obtained is sprayed dry, and spray-dired process conditions are: input concentration is 20% by weight percentage, and air intake flow is 0.75m
3/ min, feed rate is 260mL/h, and EAT is 155 DEG C, and atomizing pressure is 200kPa, and feeding temperature is 30 DEG C.
2. the preparation method of red date powder according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 5), the red date slurry heating in vacuum after enzymolysis is concentrated into 19% of former weight.
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| CN103609671A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-03-05 | 石河子开发区神内食品有限公司 | Color-protecting toner, formula thereof applied to red dates juice and fabrication method of red dates juice |
| CN103719751A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-04-16 | 新疆楼兰庄园枣业有限公司 | Preparation method for low-reducing sugar red jujube powder |
| CN106490575A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 安徽红云食品有限公司 | A kind of sweeting agent rich in high dietary-fiber and with anti-corrosion function |
| CN109260238B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-07-30 | 康美药业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of sargentgloryvine stem granules |
| CN109007683A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of anti stick high calcium red date powder |
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