CN103197929A - System and method for graphical programming facing children - Google Patents
System and method for graphical programming facing children Download PDFInfo
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- CN103197929A CN103197929A CN2013100976175A CN201310097617A CN103197929A CN 103197929 A CN103197929 A CN 103197929A CN 2013100976175 A CN2013100976175 A CN 2013100976175A CN 201310097617 A CN201310097617 A CN 201310097617A CN 103197929 A CN103197929 A CN 103197929A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for graphical programming facing children. The system comprises an operation and display environment used for arranging scenes and roles of the scenes, programming background and the roles of each scene and displaying programming sequence and programming effect, a system resource library, a work base used for storing creating works or created works, a graphical programming block storage area including various graphical programming blocks for programming, a mapping module used for building a mapping relation between the graphical programming blocks and the logic function of the graphical programming blocks, a graphical programming grammar rule base used for setting the splicing or imbedding rule between the graphical programming blocks and a graphical code analysis module. The graphical code analysis module is used for converting graphical program that a graphical programming block queue corresponds to in current works into codes capable of being executed by the computer according to the mapping module and checking the programming program according to the grammar rule base in the programming process. Basic use of the method and the system can be quickly grasped, and the system and the method are easy to learn and use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of human-computer interaction, be specifically related to a kind of children's graphic programming system and method.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of software industry, computer programming no longer has been IT professional's work, but the terminal user of all trades and professions is used for realizing the instrument of field target separately.At this specific group of children, science and technology development makes they have more multimachine can contact and use computer, and along with children use going deep into of computing equipment, existing software can not satisfy the demands, and they wish oneself also can original work.The study programming is not only helpful to children's mathematics and scientific knowledge aspect, and for aspects such as language, creativity and social interactions positive and important effect can both be arranged.In addition, calculate the angle of thinking from cultivating children, the study programming also has its important value.The concept of calculating thinking is derived from the construction doctrine of Papert the earliest, is vigorously advocated by CMU computer science dean professor Zhou Yizhen in recent years, obtains the support of American education circle, and causes domestic and international scientist's extensive concern.Zhou professor rises to the height of equal importance with " the three R's " calculating thinking, becomes " a kind of general understanding and the pervasive technical ability of a class " that is suitable for everyone.The study computer programming then is to cultivate a kind of effective means of calculating thinking ability.But traditional programming language based on text and symbol, it is difficult unusually to allow children understand, and also makes children be difficult to operation and use based on the mutual programming tool of mouse simultaneously.A large amount of achievements in research show that graphic programming is a kind of feasible way that children programme as a kind of natural programming mode.It is converted into the various figures that are presented on the screen with the concept of various programmings, and children only need to splice various graph blocks according to the rule of imagery, just can finish the process of programming.
Be the representative of present graphic programming system by the Scratch of MIT multimedia development in laboratory, it is application background towards 8 to 16 years old user to make works such as recreation, animation.Scratch is packaged into fluted graph block with programmed statements, distinguishes dissimilar programming pieces with different colors, and convenient for children is identified and searched.But the shape of these programming pieces itself does not have semantic information, and function and parameter also all are that plain text shows, children can only differentiate the function of programming piece by understanding the literal implication.Secondly, Scratch refine to the traditional text program command in each programming piece, though this has improved the complexity that system can realize program, makes also that its programming number of blocks is many, size is little, and this is unfavorable for, and children click, drag and drop and modification parameter etc.In addition, do not have tangible many scenes concept among the Scratch, need the combination of complicated program piece could realize the effect of similar scene conversion, this is comparison difficulties to most of children.Feedback is highlighted programming piece one by one during operation that Scratch provides, the concept of this form shortcoming program " stream ", also deficiency of vividness concerning children.On the other hand, the research of domestic this respect also seldom, great majority all come from the Chinesizing version of external software at Chinese children's graphical programming software, do not take into full account the characteristics of regional culture.
Summary of the invention
At problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of graphic programming system and method towards children, the present invention adopts pen (or mouse) interactive mode, utilizes the graphic programming method to realize the programming creation of many scenes.The user can free additions and deletions scene, for each scene is changed background, additions and deletions role, be the scene coding by drag and drop graphic programming piece, the conversion of control scene and wherein role's motion etc., and utilize multimedia resources such as recording and drawing to make functions and add and revise material, the content of abundant programming, thus realize programming creation freely.
The present invention is by the advantage in conjunction with pen (or mouse) interactive mode and graphic programming method, design suitable child user interface, the graphic programming system of a mutual nature, visual pattern is provided, support children in lively writing space, take full advantage of graphic metaphor and abundant material resource, create animation, story or recreation simply and easily, and therefrom learn simple programming concept.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme of this invention is:
A kind of graphic programming system towards children, it comprises:
1) operation of graphic programming and display environment, comprise some zones, comprise stage area (background of displayed scene and role wherein), resource-area (display background and role's material, provide and draw and sound-recording function), programming object district (displayed scene thumbnail list and when choosing certain scene thumbnail, all roles' that it comprises thumbnail list), programming area (shows the shell script that certain role has in shell script that the current background of choosing scene has or the scene; Also be the zone that drag and drop programming piece is programmed) and programming piece district (showing each class graphic programming piece with the Shipping Options Page form); Preset background, role and audio material resource, be stored in the system resource storehouse, be used for arranging scene and role thereof.The user uses pen (or a mouse) to come drag and drop graphic programming piece, background and the role of each scene is programmed control scene conversion and role action etc.Patterned procedure script becomes the executable function order of machine by the code analysis module converts of internal system, and carries out in the program run time call, and system's real-time update shows each result who carries out, and presents continuous effect in stage;
2) hierarchical data structure in the design system, the works in the middle of the storage creation.Main level class relation is: works are classes, have an attribute formation and deposit a plurality of scenario objects that it comprises; Scene is a class, have an attribute variable and attribute formation and be used for depositing a background and a plurality of character object that it comprises respectively, background and role also are classes, they have an attribute formation again respectively, deposit the graphical shell script that it has, i.e. the sequence of graphic programming block object.Role and background in the scene that the works of current creation comprise and each scene can be shown in the programming object district in the interface with the form of multirow tabulation.Under programming state, allow to click the programming object district, and choose different programming objects according to person's handwriting or cursor position judgement, thereby at stage area and synchronous integral outer appearance and the shell script that shows selected object of programming area;
3) data structure of design configuration programming piece.According to OO thought, all programming piece classes have constituted a tree structure.Ground floor has only a root node, and namely public parent (one-level parent) has defined base attribute (as coordinate, size, numbering) and the behavior (as functions such as structure, initialization, functional interfaces) of all programming pieces.Second layer node is the secondary parent, and they are respectively the parents (as event, action, state, sound, profile etc.) of some kinds of difference in functionality programming pieces.Inheriting on the one-level parent basis, increasing some attributes (in the secondary parent as event class programming piece event sniffer being arranged) and behavior (in the secondary parent as sound class programming piece the audio frequency play function being arranged) separately newly.The 3rd layer of leaf node is programming piece subclass, namely corresponding to all have the programming piece of actual functional capability among the present invention.According to the number difference of each class programming piece, the subclass number of inheriting out from each secondary parent also has nothing in common with each other.For example, inherit from moving the subclass of class programming piece parent if there be n, then just have the concrete action programming piece of n kind with it corresponding (as walk left, jump, rotation etc.).All subclasses of the 3rd layer have distinctive attribute (as the distance parameter that the direction attribute is arranged, walk in the piece subclass of walking to programme) and behavior (checking function as function realization function separately, affiliated separately syntax rule) separately left, wherein, the function of all programming piece subclasses realizes that function has a common interface (inheriting from the one-level parent).So, system can visit the difference in functionality of its representative by these common interfaces of piece subclass of programming when resolving and carrying out the graphical shell script of these programming pieces compositions; Each programming piece comprises one from drawing interface function, is used for self-draw icons function, also is that system shows in the interface when these programme pieces, calls their the unified entrance of drawing function certainly.
4) make up scene conversion graphic programming piece and realize the scene switching.Namely the 3rd layer of the tree structure of programming piece class, in the scene conversion programming piece subclass (inherit from the secondary parent---profile class programming piece), newly-increased attribute variable is with the target scene numbering of preserving redirect, bring role's numbering the target scene etc. into from current scene.The function of this programming piece realizes that function is exactly the number information that records according to these attribute variables, in the scene formation of works object, find the target scene that will jump to, from role's formation of current scene, find the role that will bring in the target scene again, upgrade role's tabulation of target scene then.Therefore, after a segment figure shell script was carried out the scene conversion programming piece that is over, the stage area can refresh demonstration, just can see some role who has occurred in the target scene of institute's redirect in the last scene.So, use this programming piece at last at the shell script of a plurality of scenes, and set parameter, just can realize that many scenes of smoothness are asked the redirect effect;
5) mapping block is set up the mapping relations between graphic programming piece and its logic function, is used for the code analysis of graphical program.Namely by programming piece subclass common functional interface, travel through all the programming block objects in the segment figure program, directly visit separately power function with object.So, do not need to design extra data structure storage, system operation such as does not need to travel through, search yet when carrying out graphical code analysis and carrying out, and efficient is higher;
6) syntax rule of definition graphic programming, i.e. splicing between the graphic programming piece (or embedded) rule is built into the syntax rule storehouse of graphical programming.These rules can be divided into six classes altogether: (1) event class programming piece splicing rule---how agreement begins a segment figure program; The splicing rule of (2) circulation class programming piece---how constraint makes up cycling condition and loop body with the graphic programming piece; (3) branch controls the splicing rule of class programming piece---and how constraint makes up branch condition and each minute support body with the graphic programming piece; (4) the nested rule of variable and arithmetic logical operation class programming piece---limit other programming piece kinds that this class programming piece can be embedded (the nested and arithmetic that wherein is subdivided into the programming in logic piece programme the nested of piece); (5) the splicing rule of common programming piece---clear and definite splicing (comprising action, state, profile and sound class programming piece) in turn normally, wherein, special rules for the scene conversion programming piece in the profile class programming piece is: when 1. having only current works to have more than 1 scene, could use this programming piece; 2. any other programming piece can not be spliced in its back except " finishing the programming piece "; 3. it can be used as last programming piece of one section program, and its back of mandatory requirement must not be " finishing the programming piece "; (6) splicing of special programming piece or nested rule---specify that the splicing of these pieces of programming or embedded constraint are different from other any classifications programming pieces (as the distance programming piece between the role, peripheral collision programming piece and end programming piece).Comprise some concrete splicings (or embedded) rule in each rule, splicing rule as event class programming piece has: 1. all event class programming pieces all must be placed on the starting position of one section program, and namely must at first put an event programme piece could continue the programming of back; 2. event class programming piece can not splice the back at any other programming piece; In the class that and for example the circulates programming piece splicing rule, have about the splicing rule of " n circulation " programming piece: 1. it can splice in any other the piece back of programming except finishing the programming piece; 2. can not embed any branch control class or other circulation classes programming piece in the loop body;
7) design configuration code analysis module changes into the executable code of computing machine to graphical program.Namely travel through the background object of scene and the wherein graphic programming piece formation of all character object (their graphical program just) successively, each programming block object upward transition is become their one-level parent object, so by the public function interface accessing that defines in the one-level parent to each programming piece actual functional capability function separately.Under running status, capture user's beginning event when event sniffer after, system obtains power function interface of each programming piece correspondence from graphical code analysis module, thereby can travel through all programs of execution in a circulation.Can provide multimedia feedbacks such as sound, figure and animation simultaneously.
8) icon of design programming piece with different color differentiating classifications, and can represent its semantic graphical symbol according to the function design of concrete each programming piece; In the unified design of icon a pipeline that represents connected relation is arranged simultaneously, so that the splicing imagery of graph block.Each class graphic programming piece is shown in programming piece district in the interface with the form of Shipping Options Page;
9) preset system material resource forms material database.Design material self defined interface obtains sound bite or music by microphone, saves as Wave data; By the handwriting information of recording user, be processed into the background format picture, or role's format picture.
10) definition xml data structure, storage user works form the works storehouse.According to the hierarchical data structure of system, record every data of complete works with the form of xml label; These files will namely by reading the data in the xml file, restore the works scene for the opening function of system, and support it is carried out secondary editor or appreciation.
In order to simplify programming, the function package granularity of action class programming piece, condition cycle programming piece (belonging to circulation class programming piece) and scene conversion programming piece (belonging to profile class programming piece) is bigger among the present invention.The logic function that is its representative all is complex function, in function package to a graph block that needs many/multistage text codes to realize originally.Be specially: (1) each action class programming piece has a plurality of attribute variables recording the required various parameters of its function, and has and can handle the power function of these parameters simultaneously, thereby realizes the complex function of multiple condition combination.As in " walking to left and right, upper and lower " programming piece direction and distance parameter being arranged, in its power function the coordinate of target roles along assigned direction move appointment distance (be equivalent to a control towards the programming piece and the combination of the mobile programming piece of control); The parameter of and for example having only an expression height in " jump " programming piece, its power function will be finished at short notice the value that (in 1 second) increases the ordinate of target roles a height parameter, in the same time, the ordinate of target roles is reset into initial value then, so forming a complete jump process (be equivalent in a cycle programming piece, embed move up programming piece and move down the programming piece).(2) have an attribute formation to be used for depositing the condition of circulation (the programming piece sequence of being made up of programming piece that can be embedded) in the condition cycle programming piece, another formation is used for depositing loop body (the programming piece sequence of being made up of common programming piece).The processing procedure of its power function is: resolve the programming piece sequence of carrying out in first formation earlier, the result of execution is a true-false value, will resolve the condition of carrying out the programming piece sequence in second formation as judging whether; Thereby realized the function (be equivalent in first branch of an IF/ELSE programming piece and embed a cycle programming piece) of conditionality circulation.(3) the target scene numbering that has several attribute variables to deposit respectively in the scene conversion programming piece to want redirect, to bring role in the target scene into and number etc., its power function then is to find the target scene from the scene tabulation of current works, the scenario objects that the reporting system next one will move, the character object that needs are brought in the target scene copies in role's formation of target scene then.When program is moved, just can jump to given scenario automatically and can select to keep some role in the previous scene, realize continuous scene conversion.And in the less programming tool of function package, such function not only needs one to switch background programming piece, a plurality of hiding programming pieces and a plurality of appearance programming piece, also can't bring the previous scenario role in the next scene into simultaneously.As above, realize same effect, only need the splicing of a small amount of several graph blocks to get final product, and do not need the complex combination, nested etc. between a large amount of graph blocks.
Consider children's development characteristic such as psychology, use strikingly color to distinguish different classes of graphic programming piece, and functional semantics and the splicing rule of the graphical symbol of design image to express the programming piece.When program is moved, designed the mobile effect of the globule and come the figurative expression program execution flow.The position that system carries out according to program in the pipeline on each current graphic programming piece icon that is performed, presents the effect that the globule flows.The user can understand the information such as execution speed of this programming piece from the water droplet effect duration on each piece of programming.The flow effect of the globule is vividerly near the concept of data " stream ", and its vividness also more meets children's hobby.In addition, the material resource need preset according to children's hobby and children's works.
For convenience children use, and satisfy the demand of their different ability development levels, and system's support voice, pen and three kinds of interactive modes of mouse are finished control to the part behavior of programming object by interactive voice, as in a minute, thinking etc.; Arrange scene and programming with pen (or mouse), finish the clicking of additions and deletions to scene and role, role's drag and drop and graphic programming piece, drag and drop and parameter modification etc.
Consider the characteristics of child user, all operations simplification of all trying one's best among the present invention as when the parameter of programming piece is set, is not used double-click, and by click the specific region eject have " confirming/cancellation " option panel for user's operation; Click drag operation and do not use the form of traditional " move and continue simultaneously to pin ", but " click and glue-move-click and put down ".As the case may be, the user can freely select to use pen or mouse; The operation of above-mentioned simplification not only is fit to the operation of pen, also can simplify the use of mouse.
Further, at 2) and 7) described in " programming state " and " running status ", in fact, the process of user's original work can relate to three kinds of system states: programming, debugging and operation.System provides switching push button, makes things convenient for the user to carry out state at any time on demand and switches.Under the programming state, allow the user to edit scene, write (modification) shell script for background or role; Under debugging mode, system provides single step to carry out function, and mistake or the problem of program discovery in service are given and feedback, observes so that subsequent modification (directly forward programming state to by switching push button, can revise shell script) for the user; Under running status, the beginning event that system triggers according to the user automatically, the program of complete, and provide final effect feedback.
Further, at 7) described in the program operation time the multimedia feedback, can be summarized as three parts, the one, animated feedback, be system when carrying out the computer-executable code sequence that obtains behind code analysis, the demonstration of real-time update scene realizes continuous animation effect; In addition, system also can show the effect that the globule flows, the position that representation program is moving at each current programming piece that is performed when carrying out graphical shell script; The 2nd, audio feedback, when namely running into the relevant programming block command of multimedia in program process, system provides sound effects such as voice or music by calling the machine intimate acoustic assembly; The 3rd, the message notifying feedback, namely when the good program of executive editor, system provides some message notifyings according to carrying out the primary mental ability judgement of front and back to the grammatical and semantic situation, the reason that certain piece of programming is failed in the problem that certain piece of programming exists as anticipation or the debugging etc.
Further, if the user has selected own rendering context and role, perhaps recorded voice etc., system can be in the material storage material database of user's creation when preserving.When needed, system can dynamically read material database, and the parameter of programming piece etc. is set for programming.
System framework of the present invention comprises interface alternation layer, inter-process layer and data resource layer as shown in Figure 1.The interface alternation layer is the user interface of user and system interaction, carries out the making of material resource, the layout of scene and the structure of graphical program by voice, pen or mouse alternant way.At the inter-process layer, voice data is input in the system by pen (or mouse) by microphone, person's handwriting and indication information, and they are understood through identification, transfer to different processing modules and handle.Wherein, the figure that sound and drafting person's handwriting form finally is saved in the material database through suitable processing; Pull the interpolation operation that person's handwriting forms the programming piece, finish the structure of graphical program; Of short duration line person's handwriting is identified as gestures such as deletion; Give directions the response of some function buttons of operation triggering etc.The code analysis module that the graphical program that structure is finished is transferred in the system is carried out the graphics statement conversion, mapping relations according to predefined graphic programming piece icon and its logic function convert graphical program to computing machine executable text codes, then in logic processing module, system's main thread despatching work thread comes the execution contexts code, wherein, worker thread is only called by system's main thread when working procedure, be responsible for carrying out the text codes after resolving, and keep communicating by letter the data of real-time update main thread with the system main thread.Carry out information output and effect feedback at the interface alternation layer in the mode of sound, figure and animation by the multimedia output module at last.In the data resource layer, comprise resources such as the background of system intialization and role in the material database, and the user is by other material resources of custom feature creation.The placement process of scene only relates to the resource in the material database; The process that makes up graphical program mainly contains the participation of material database and rule base.Such as the background and the role's resource that when arranging scene, need in the material database, when the compile script program, need the graphic programming piece splicing rule in the rule base to play a role, system is when recognizing drag operation, namely judge the graphic programming block type that pulls, and then when the user programmes the piece splicing, utilize corresponding rule to carry out syntax check.At last, the program finished of user can be kept in the works storehouse.
This graphic programming system comprises:
1. the structure of graphical program, dissection process and operation debugging.A graphic programming piece of system's predefine collection, and according to structure and the parsing of the graphical program of splicing rule treatments in the rule base, by the graphic programming piece that pre-defines and the mapping relations of its logic function, finish graphical program to the conversion of computer-executable code sequence.At last, call worker thread and carry out through the executable code quilt after optimizing, the result is outputed on the graphic user interface.The program execution result is mainly exported with multimedia forms such as sound, figure and animations.
2. data resource.System resource comprises material, rule and works.What deposit in system's material database is diversity of settings, role and the voice resource that may need in story, animation or the recreation programming.Wherein, voice resource is divided into voice and music again.These materials can be by User Defined.System provides drawing function, and the handwriting data that recording user is drawn through processing such as codings, is saved in the material database; Equally, system provides sound-recording function, gathers voice or music data by the microphone input, through handling, finally also is saved in the material database.Graphic resource in system's material database can be used for arranging scene and role, and parameter input and sound effect when voice resource then is mainly used in graphical program construction are exported.Then stored predefined graphic programming piece splicing rule in the rule base, for the treatment of the grammer judgement of graphical program construction process and the parsing of graphical code.What preserve in the works storehouse is completed program, perhaps program semi-manufacture, and the preservation by system and opening function can accesses and are revised data in the works storehouse.
Native system is a graphic programming system that supports many scenes.The user can carry out with system by voice and pen (or mouse) operation alternately.Material database provides and has been used for scene layout and the required various resources of program construction.Recording and the self-defined sound of drawing function and figure material that the user provides by system, and it is kept in the material database.The user clicks background and role's picture by pen (or mouse) operation, is added in the scene, and can carries out drag and drop and deletion to the role in the scene.In the programming object district, choose certain role in certain scene or the scene then, from programming piece district, haul out the target programmed piece with pen (or mouse), be put into position suitable in the programming area, final finished surface is to the background of current selected middle scene or the programming of the role in the scene.Wherein, system utilizes the splicing of the graphic programming syntax rule processing graphics programming piece in the rule base.The user writes the graphical program of finishing and be converted into the executable code sequence of computing machine in the code analysis process, and system finds the corresponding function code of each programming piece in the graphical program according to predefined graphic programming piece icon and the mapping relations of function.The result of all editing operations can present in real time in stage area and programming area, and final program execution result can show with the form of sound, figure and animation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and technique effect:
1. the piece of programming is with better function and then simplified programming process, is more suitable for the target children and uses.
Among the present invention, bigger to the function package granularity of graphic programming piece, compare other similar systems, realize the required programming number of blocks of same function still less, so simplify programming process, reduced the programming complexity, more met the ability development level of target child user.The size of piece of programming simultaneously is also bigger, can show clearly to have semantic icon, and children click with (or a mouse), drag and drop etc. are all convenient.Simultaneously, system provides the instruction animation of Video tutorials and operation practice in help function, can help children to grasp basic the use fast, reaches and is easy to learn and use.
2. the programming creation is supported in many scene designs better.
Among the present invention, support the user that a plurality of scenes are created and programme, and provide " scene conversion " programming piece to control redirect between a plurality of scenes that make that the concept of many scenes is more clear, the works of creating many scenes are also simpler.Have children's graphic programming instrument that some support many scenes creation now, require the user to use extra programming piece to control the switching of a plurality of backgrounds and some role's demonstration and the redirect effect that could realize scene such as hide, and the function package granularity of programming piece bigger (as " scene hop " programming piece) among the present invention, realize that same effect can save a part of programming piece, simplified programming piece collection, be conducive to the rational deployment user interface, more convenient children click and drag and drop etc.Support is to the programming of a plurality of scenes and the conversion between scene, thereby can support better that children create story, animation etc.Especially, many scenes stem from the story form that children generally like, also can enrich other author content simultaneously, and guarantee the challenge degree level of system to a certain extent, make it all attractive to big slightly children of age.
3. freely switch programming, operation and debugging mode, be convenient to children's study.
Among the present invention, the operation debug phase of program does not need the user to finish all scenes or role's shell script, does not require by Run Script it must is complete yet.This just can allow the user freely switch between programming and two states of operation debugging, whenever finishes some editor, just can move view result and whether meet expection, can also debug to deal with problems to current usability of program fragments.This programming mode relatively meets the mode of learning that children " make repeated attempts ", in the process of " attempting-check-revise-attempt ... ", they not only may learn basic programming knowledge, can also temper the problem analysis problem-solving ability, in the long run, can also cultivate their logical thinking etc.
4. mutual design is more simple and convenient, the operation of convenient for children and use.
Among the present invention, consider the characteristics ability development level different with them of child user, support pen (or mouse) operation and system to carry out alternately.On the one hand, pen is easy to control and efficient naturally than other interactive devices, can embody the workmanship of people's hand eye coordination and the continuity of thinking better, is a kind of flexible interactive mode with familiarity, convenience.On the other hand, all operations simplification of all trying one's best among the present invention as not only suitable the operation of operational design of " click and glue-move-click and put down ", also can be simplified the use of mouse.Programming among the present invention mainly adopts the mode that pulls to splice graph block, uses the gesture of similar erasing rubber to carry out deletion action simultaneously.The interactive mode of nature makes children adopt shirtsleeve operation just can finish writing of program, and need not as traditional programming mode, bring cognitive and operational burden to children, thereby make children pay close attention to more program write with works on the creation, increase its creation interest.
5. the programming content has been enriched in multimedia input and output, makes the program operational effect vivider lively.
Among the present invention, support multimedia input and output such as sound, enriched the required resource of programming creation on the one hand, make also that on the other hand effect output is more lively.The function of User Defined material resource makes programming process more flexible, and in program implementation effect feedback, sound and animation are in conjunction with more vivid than one literal and figure, more interesting simultaneously.
6. system is easy to install, and extendability is strong.
Among the present invention, used good modular design, can increase the graphic programming piece of newtype very easily, perhaps expansion has the programming number of blocks that has in the type, and the function expansibility of system is strong; Also can enrich the creation material resource by drawing and sound-recording function simultaneously.System disposes and installs simply without any need for additional configuration or hardware device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 native system Organization Chart;
The basic flow sheet of Fig. 2 native system.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art are better understood, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2 and embodiment this exchange method is described in further detail:
Realization flow of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.Mainly comprise programmed environment initialization, scene layout, programming and debugging, operation and preserve four-stage.Below describe the function of each module in each stage in detail:
1. programmed environment initialization
In this stage, start the graphic programming system, the display menu page, according to the creation type (story, animation and recreation) that the user selects, the corresponding programmed environment of system initialization namely enters the main interface of programming.At this moment, resource-area shows role and the background that is fit to the respective type works with the form of multirow tabulation; Programming piece district also shows the programming piece that the type works may need.The System menu district provides different tool button (open, newly-built, preserve and withdraw from etc.), and the user can a newly-built empty works or opened existing works.Be example with newly-built works, system sets up empty works with the title of user's input, new scene is created in operation according to the user, shows a blank scene thumbnail of just having set up in second row (being scene tabulation row) in programming object district, simultaneously initialization stage and programming area.So far, the initialization of programmed environment is finished substantially, waits for next step selection of user.
2. scene is arranged
This stage mainly is to arrange the scene of choosing.For certain blank scene of newly-built works, placement process mainly is to add background picture and role, and system judges that according to the person's handwriting of pen (or mouse) user is to operations such as the drag and drop of role on the stage and deletions.For certain scene of opening existing works, placement process is actual to be exactly modification to the old layout of scene, as replacing background, additions and deletions role etc.
The process of adding/changing background is: the click location of system's detecting pen (or mouse) on second row (scene tabulation row) in programming object district at first, the scene thumbnail that will arrange that coupling is chosen, system namely is made as current choosing to the scene state of correspondence accordingly, shows this selected scene thumbnail with highlighted frame simultaneously; The background of scene and role etc. during stage area demonstration synchronously is selected; Programming area then shows its shell script that has (may have shell script if open certain scene of works) synchronously according to the current scene of choosing.This moment, the click location of system's detecting pen (or mouse) was mated Target Photo from the background material tabulation, namely can be current scene and add/change background in resource-area.The background of this scene that each operation all can real-time update shows to the stage, and refresh the thumbnail of this scene in the programming object district.
The process that increases/delete the role is: the scene that will arrange that the same judgement earlier of system is chosen.Add role and above-mentioned background class of operation seemingly, system is according to the click location of pen (or mouse), mate Target Photo from role's material tabulation of resource-area, can show newly-increased role before the lights simultaneously, same system finishes according to handwriting information puts the position of newly adding the role; For the deletion role, then be with pen (or mouse) directly in the stage area target roles place draw an arbitrarily angled line, system judges according to default deletion gesture whether this operation constitutes the deletion action, if then delete the role who rules and cover.When deleting the role in the scene, related this role's of deletion of system's meeting shell script checks simultaneously whether deleted the role is cited in other roles' shell script, give the suitable information of user, in order to revise other roles' script synchronously.The process that increases/delete the role can be reflected in the thumbnail demonstration in programming object district equally in real time.
For the creation demand that guarantees the user is farthest satisfied, system also provides the function of User Defined background role and recording.Low order end is self-defined option on the label hurdle of resource-area, comprises drawing and recording.Wherein the function of Hui Zhiing is the drawing board that can handle picture format and size according to storage class and system's needs automatically, the appropriate functional that this drawing board provides on the one hand satisfies the demand that children draw, optional as color, the paintbrush thickness is adjustable, upset, amplification is dwindled, cancel and reform etc., (system requirements is that background picture is the BMP form can to handle the form of picture automatically according to the storage class (background or role) that the user selects on the other hand when preserving, role's picture is the PNG form), simultaneously as far as possible under the prerequisite that guarantees picture quality, the size of restriction background picture is no more than 1024 * 768, and the size of role's picture is no more than 100 * 120.Sound-recording function then is by an external microphone apparatus, gathers user's voice or outside music data.Internal system orders to control the windows media device by sending different MCI, finishes and records and preview various functions such as (play, suspend), and sound is saved as Wave data.Above-mentioned self-defining picture and voice data finally can store in the material database.
If works have a plurality of scenes, then repeat above-mentioned placement process up to reaching required effect.The arrangement stage all operations can show that system dynamically updates stage area, programming object district and programming area in real time at screen.
3. programming and debugging
The click location of user in the programming object district judged by system, determines the scene thumbnail of choosing or further chooses certain role's thumbnail of current scene, and programming area namely becomes the background of selected scene or selected role's script editing area.System refreshes the demonstration in programming piece district simultaneously, places the tabulation of event programme piece acquiescence to show, the guiding user programmes from putting the event programme BOB(beginning of block).
Programming piece district provides the label of different colours to check different classes of programming piece for switching, and shows the programming piece tabulation under each classification in two separate ranks.The Icon Color of each class programming piece and the above-mentioned label color of its correspondence are consistent, but differ from one another between of all categories.The unified symbol that a similar pipeline is arranged on the programming piece icon, the splicing connectedness between the expression programming piece.According to the primary demand of story, animation and recreation creation, design has nine big class programming pieces altogether, comprises event, action, state, profile, sound, variable, arithmetic logical operation, branch's control and circulation.Wherein, event control class refers in program operation process the processing of the event of receiving is comprised beginning event, click event, KeyEvent and message event.The class of moving is used for arranging role's elemental motion, jumps, rotates, moves as running etc.State class refers to current role's attributive character, comprises show or hide etc.The profile class is used for role's external form is arranged, and dwindles as role's profile switching, amplification etc.Sound class is the control to the sound of programming in the works, mainly contains that the role speaks, background music etc.Variable and arithmetical operation class are used for the various computings of programming, as add, subtract, multiplication and division, greater than, less than etc.Branch's control class has two kinds: condition judgment branch (if-else) and condition loop branches (do-while (true/false)).The circulation class also has two kinds: infinite loop (while (1)) and n circulation (loop until (n)＜0).
Simultaneously, the programming object district can process user clicking operation, role's thumbnail in the scene in the identification point or the scene, and they are set at current selected state, with the demonstration of switching programming area, and then the user just can programme to the background of different scenes or role wherein.The data management of carrying out many scenes and polygonal look is freely switched by this in system.
In the programming process, system adds into programming area to the programming piece of choosing according to user's click and drag operation, in real time the programming piece of newly pulling into is carried out syntax check.Rale store in the rule base and is provided with corresponding access interface (syntax rule in the piece subclass of namely programming checks function) in each programming piece subclass in the XML formatted file.Its syntax check function calls by newly-increased programming block object in system, navigate to corresponding clauses and subclauses according to the programming block number in the xml of rule base file, thereby whether the programming piece of judging current interpolation is legal, and provides the feedback of accepting or refusing to add operation.For example, the beginning of one section program must be an event programme piece, otherwise follow-up other programming pieces that system's refusing user's is pulled into; Dissimilar according to the programming piece of newly pulling into, the splicing that it is legal in existing shell script section or insertion position are also different, and therefore when the user pulled newly-increased programming piece and moves, system made judgement in advance, and with highlighted prompting user, finally determine how to put by the user.
During the programming, the user can select to debug button at any time, and completed program is carried out semantic test.At this moment, system then switches to debugging mode.Its processing procedure is: according to the mapping relations of predefined graphic programming piece icon and function, graphics statement is converted to the executable code of machine earlier, start worker thread then, carry out the program in machine code after resolving, export feedback information synchronously.The user judges whether to meet expection according to feedback result on the one hand, otherwise, can utilize single-step debug function investigation mistake, final revision program.In single-step debug, system is with above-mentioned processing graphics program, difference is that system can control the program " block-by-block " of debugging and carry out, and can suspend after namely the function of each programming piece executes, and waits for that the user clicks the single step button and just continues to carry out next programming piece.Single-step debug can help the user to observe implementation and the result of each programming piece, finds more tiny problem.Wherein, when in program process, running into problematic programming piece, system can be according to the fundamental errors type of definition in realizing, find corresponding error feedback information (comprising prompting and problem interpretation), and provide simple prompting (the problematic programming piece of highlighted demonstration at place, this programming piece position, simultaneously provide error reason simply with written form), locate the modification point fast to help the user.
For needs a plurality of scenes are arranged, or single scene there is a plurality of roles' programming, then repeats above-mentioned Script Programming process up to realizing required program effect.The constructed shell script that goes out of programming process can provide implementation effect in program operation or debug phase.
4. program operation and preservation
After the user clicked the operation button, system switched to running status by programming state, locking stage area and programming piece district (can not edit the scene layout again in running status, or add new programming piece).Simultaneously, start inner action listener mechanism, wait for the generation of customer incident, to trigger corresponding shell script.After audiomonitor is intercepted event message, judge definite type that event takes place through handling.Four kinds of events that comprise according to event class programming piece, it is corresponding one by one with it that internal system has four kinds of worker threads, the event message that system forwards according to audiomonitor, start different threads, and being that all shell script sections of trigger condition put together with listened to event in the current scene, traversal is carried out in worker thread.Every execution once, worker thread all can send message to main thread, refreshes the stage area in real time, presents operational effect with the form of animation, simultaneity factor can be called the machine sound device and provide voice and music feedback.
If the user has finished the stages such as detail programming, operation, can select to preserve works, the title of user's input was preserved all data (comprise and make the name of an article, scene role and shell script thereof) of current works and the scene state of current demonstration (is preserved the scene when system can be according to newly-built works, the background and the role that comprise the scene of current demonstration, and before the lights relative position of role, size etc.), and leave in the works storehouse of system.In fact, the system tool menu bar is visible always, as long as the user needs, just can preserve at any time.Such as in programming process, if the user wants to be withdrawn into menu page, reselect the creation type or check study course etc., can click return push-button at any time, system's based on contextual information is handled this and is returned request, and current works are preserved or are abandoned in prompting.If the user selects to abandon, then system can empty all customer data before the backtrack menu page, reinitialized programmed environment.The user's works that are kept in the system works storehouse can restore scene by opening function, so that subsequent modification is perfect, appreciate interchange etc.
In sum, the present invention has provided a kind of graphic programming system that also realizes accordingly towards children's graphic programming method, takes full advantage of figured advantage, and traditional programming is simplified to the process that graph block splices, and has reduced the programming threshold.System supports that sound is mutual, pen or mouse action mode, and abundant multimedia material and material custom feature flexibly are provided, and makes programming more attractive, excites children's creativity and imagination.This mode of creating animation, story or recreation with programming, except the self-expression ability that can as traditional creation mode, cultivate children etc., can also excite them to the interest of computer programming, understand basic programming concept, cultivate their logical thinking ability.
Claims (12)
1. graphic programming system towards children is characterized in that comprising the operation of a graphic programming and display environment, system resource storehouse, works storehouse, graphic programming piece memory block, the syntax rule storehouse of graphic programming, mapping block, graphical code analysis module; Wherein:
Described operation and display environment be used for to be arranged scene and role thereof, background and the role of each scene programmed, and show programmed sequence and programing effect;
Background, role and audio material resource have been preset in described system resource storehouse;
Described works storehouse is used for the works that the central works of storage creation or creation are finished;
Described graphic programming piece memory block comprises the various graphic programming pieces for programming;
Described mapping block is used for setting up the mapping relations between graphic programming piece and its logic function;
Splicing or embedded rule between the graphic programming piece are set in the syntax rule storehouse of described graphic programming, when being used for programming graphical program are checked;
Described graphical code analysis module, be used for according to described mapping block the graphic programming piece formation graph of a correspondence program of current works being changed into the executable code of computing machine, and according to described syntax rule storehouse graphical program checked during programming.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described works storehouse employing hierarchical data structure storage works, and wherein, described hierarchical data structure is: works are classes, have an attribute formation and deposit a plurality of scenario objects that it comprises; Each scene is a class, has an attribute variable and attribute formation and is used for depositing a background and a plurality of character object that it comprises respectively; Background and role also are respectively classes, have an attribute formation separately, deposit the graphical shell script that it has, i.e. the sequence of graphic programming block object.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting tree structure to make up described graphic programming piece, wherein: the tree structure ground floor has only a root node, it is the one-level parent, defined base attribute and the behavior of all graphic programming pieces, second layer node is the secondary parent, is respectively the parent of some kinds of difference in functionality graphic programming pieces, inheriting on the one-level parent basis, separately more newly-increased attributes and behavior; The 3rd layer of leaf node is graphic programming piece subclass, namely has the graphic programming piece of actual functional capability.
4. system as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the function of all graphic programming piece subclasses realizes that function has a common interface, and this interface is inherited from the one-level parent.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that background object and the wherein graphic programming piece formation of all character object of described graphical code analysis module by traveling through scene successively, each graphic programming block object upward transition is become their one-level parent object, then by the common interface accessing that defines in the one-level parent to each graphic programming piece actual functional capability function separately.
6. system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that comprising in the described graphic programming piece scene conversion graphic programming piece, it inherits the profile class graphic programming piece in the secondary parent, and it comprises for preserving attribute variable a that current scene jumps to target scene numbering, being used for preserving the attribute variable b that brings role's numbering of target scene from current scene into; The function of described scene conversion graphic programming piece realizes that function finds the target scene that will jump to according to the number information that attribute variable a, b record in the scene formation of works object, from role's formation of current scene, find the role that will bring in the target scene again, upgrade role's tabulation of target scene then.
7. system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described syntax rule storehouse comprises that event class graphic programming piece splicing rule, the splicing rule of circulation class graphic programming piece, branch control nested rule, the splicing rule of generic graphic programming piece and splicing or the nested rule of special graph programming piece of splicing rule, variable and the arithmetic logical operation class graphic programming piece of class graphic programming piece.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described special defects graphic programming piece comprise between the role apart from graphic programming piece, peripheral collision graphic programming piece and finish the graphic programming piece; Described generic graphic programming piece comprises action class graphic programming piece, state class graphic programming piece, profile class graphic programming piece and sound class graphic programming piece; The syntax rule of described scene conversion programming piece is: could use when a) having only current works to have a plurality of scene; B) any other graphic programming piece can not be spliced in its back except finishing the graphic programming piece; C) it can be used as last graphic programming piece of one section program; Each action class graphic programming piece has the power function of a plurality of attribute variables to record the required various parameters of its function and to handle these parameters; There is an attribute formation to be used for depositing the condition of circulation in each condition circulation class graphic programming piece, and a formation that is used for depositing loop body.
9. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described mapping block by the common functional interface of programming piece subclass, travels through all the programming block objects in the segment figure program, directly visits separately power function with object.
10. as the described system of the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that described operation and display environment comprise stage area, resource-area, programming object district, programming area and programming piece district; Wherein, the stage area is used for the background of displayed scene and role wherein, resource-area comprises display background and role's material, the programming object district is used for all roles' that displayed scene thumbnail list and selected scene thumbnail comprise thumbnail list, programming area be used for to show the shell script that shell script that the current background of choosing scene has or scene role have, also be the zone that drag and drop programming piece is programmed, programming piece district is used for showing each class graphic programming piece with the Shipping Options Page form.
11. system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that each described graphic programming piece has a semantic graphical symbol and a pipeline that represents connected relation; Each class graphic programming piece is shown in described programming piece district with the form of Shipping Options Page; Every data of complete works of form record of xml label are adopted in described works storehouse.
12. the graphic programming method based on the described graphic programming system towards children of claim 1 the steps include:
1) starts the graphic programming system, according to the corresponding programmed environment of creation type initialization of user's selection;
2) from the system resource storehouse, choose resource requirement and arrange scene in the selected programmed environment;
3) choose the graphic programming piece from graphic programming piece memory block and the shell script of scene is edited;
4) 3) described in the shell script editing process in, graphical code analysis module checks graphical program according to the syntax rule storehouse, if wrong then feed back information;
5) in when operation, graphical code analysis module according to mapping block with 4) graphic programming piece formation graph of a correspondence program after checking changes into the executable code of computing machine, and provides feedback; If desired, then current works are saved in the works storehouse.
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