CN103197352A - Multifunctional wall body detecting instrument - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑结构检测领域,更具体地涉及一种墙体探测仪。本发明包括五个部分:第一部分为水管探测电路,由测水管用电容传感器、单稳态触发电路、均值电路顺序串联组成;第二部分为电线探测电路,由探电线用覆铜、高阻抗放大电路、阻抗变换电路顺序串联组成;第三部分为金属探测电路,由发射绕组、电流谐振电路、差分接收线圈、放大电路、滤波电路、偏置电路顺序串联组成;第四部分为辅助电路,由红外发射器、红外接收器顺序串联组成;第五部分为控制电路,包括控制器;所述的第一部分、第二部分、第三部分、第四部分均分别独立与所述的第五部分连接。本发明的多功能墙体探测仪尺寸紧凑、制作成本较低、制作工艺简单、制作重复性良好。
The invention relates to the field of building structure detection, and more particularly to a wall detector. The invention includes five parts: the first part is a water pipe detection circuit, which is composed of a capacitive sensor for measuring water pipes, a monostable trigger circuit, and an average value circuit; The amplifier circuit and the impedance transformation circuit are composed in series; the third part is the metal detection circuit, which is composed of the transmitting winding, the current resonance circuit, the differential receiving coil, the amplifier circuit, the filter circuit and the bias circuit in series; the fourth part is the auxiliary circuit, It is composed of an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver in series; the fifth part is a control circuit, including a controller; the first part, the second part, the third part and the fourth part are all independent from the fifth part connect. The multifunctional wall detector of the invention has the advantages of compact size, low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and good manufacturing repeatability.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及建筑结构检测领域,更具体地涉及一种墙体探测仪。 The invention relates to the field of building structure detection, and more particularly to a wall detector.
the
背景技术 Background technique
家庭装修检查中,墙面内的水管、电线、金属钢筋往往对施工造成一定影响,甚至引发事故,造成人员财产损失。如果能在施工前进行探测,摸清墙面内的水管、电线、金属钢筋的布置,则能有效地防止相关事故损失的发生。 During the home decoration inspection, the water pipes, wires, and metal reinforcement in the wall often have a certain impact on the construction, and even cause accidents, resulting in personnel and property losses. If the detection can be carried out before construction to find out the arrangement of water pipes, electric wires and metal reinforcement in the wall, the occurrence of relevant accident losses can be effectively prevented.
目前的工控领域,具有专门针对金属,电线等物体的传感器。例如,在目前的工控领域中,为了检测金属部件的缺陷,常常采用到电涡流传感器,该涡流传感器具有很好的分辨率和线性度。但是,在建筑领域,注重的是金属探测的探测范围。因而,该类传感器不适用于装修检查行业的墙体探测。包括另外两种物体的检测:电线和水管的检测,在市场上有专门的传感器,但是成本高昂、尺寸以及精度指标等也有所欠缺。 In the current field of industrial control, there are sensors specially for objects such as metals and wires. For example, in the current industrial control field, in order to detect defects of metal parts, eddy current sensors are often used, and the eddy current sensors have good resolution and linearity. However, in the field of construction, the focus is on the detection range of metal detection. Therefore, this type of sensor is not suitable for wall detection in the decoration inspection industry. Including the detection of two other objects: the detection of wires and water pipes, there are special sensors on the market, but the cost is high, and the size and accuracy indicators are also lacking.
因此,市场上迫切需要一种尺寸紧凑、制作成本较低、制作工艺简单、制作重复性良好的多功能墙体探测仪。 Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for a multifunctional wall detector with compact size, low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process, and good manufacturing repeatability.
the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种尺寸紧凑、制作成本较低、制作工艺简单、制作重复性良好的多功能墙体探测仪。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a multifunctional wall detector with compact size, low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and good manufacturing repeatability.
本发明所采用的具体技术方案是:一种多功能墙体探测仪,包括五个部分: The specific technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a multifunctional wall detector, comprising five parts:
第一部分为水管探测电路,由测水管用电容传感器、单稳态触发电路、均值电路顺序串联组成; The first part is the water pipe detection circuit, which is composed of a capacitive sensor for measuring water pipes, a monostable trigger circuit, and an average value circuit in series;
第二部分为电线探测电路,由探电线用覆铜、高阻抗放大电路、阻抗变换电路顺序串联组成; The second part is the wire detection circuit, which is composed of a copper clad wire for the detection wire, a high-impedance amplifier circuit, and an impedance conversion circuit in series;
第三部分为金属探测电路,由发射绕组、电流谐振电路、差分接收线圈、放大电路、滤波电路、偏置电路顺序串联组成; The third part is the metal detection circuit, which is composed of a transmitting winding, a current resonance circuit, a differential receiving coil, an amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a bias circuit in series;
第四部分为辅助电路,由红外发射器、红外接收器顺序串联组成; The fourth part is the auxiliary circuit, which consists of an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver connected in series;
第五部分为控制电路,包括控制器; The fifth part is the control circuit, including the controller;
所述的第一部分、第二部分、第三部分、第四部分均分别独立与所述的第五部分连接。 The first part, the second part, the third part and the fourth part are all independently connected to the fifth part.
作为优选,所述的多功能墙体探测仪还包括主体PCB板,所述的测水管用电容传感器、所述的探电线用覆铜、所述的差分接收线圈集成在所述的主体PCB板上。 Preferably, the multifunctional wall detector further includes a main body PCB, the capacitive sensor for the water measuring pipe, the copper clad for the probe wire, and the differential receiving coil are integrated on the main body PCB superior.
作为优选,所述的控制器包括水管探测控制模块、电路探测控制模块、金属探测控制模块;所述的水管探测控制模块、电路探测控制模块、金属探测控制模块集成在所述的控制器内;所述的第一部分水管探测电路与所述的第四部分辅助电路并联后与所述的水管探测控制模块连接;所述的第二部分电线探测电路与所述的电路探测控制模块连接;所述的第三部分金属探测电路与所述的金属探测控制模块连接。 Preferably, the controller includes a water pipe detection control module, a circuit detection control module, and a metal detection control module; the water pipe detection control module, the circuit detection control module, and the metal detection control module are integrated in the controller; The first part of the water pipe detection circuit is connected in parallel with the fourth part of the auxiliary circuit and then connected to the water pipe detection control module; the second part of the wire detection circuit is connected to the circuit detection control module; The third part of the metal detection circuit is connected with the metal detection control module.
作为优选,所述的主体PCB板包括背板和顶板两面,所述的第一部分水管探测电路与所述的第二部分电线探测电路集成在所述的背板面上,所述的第三部分金属探测电路集成在所述的顶板面上。 Preferably, the main body PCB board includes two sides of a back board and a top board, the first part of the water pipe detection circuit and the second part of the wire detection circuit are integrated on the back board, and the third part The metal detection circuit is integrated on the top board.
作为优选,所述的测水管用电容传感器包括第一极板、第二极板、第三极板,所述的第一极板、第二极板、第三极板一起构成电容,所述的第二极板作为所述的电容的主极,所述的第一极板和所述的第二极板串联在一起,构成所述的电容的次极。 As a preference, the capacitive sensor for measuring water pipes includes a first pole plate, a second pole plate, and a third pole plate, and the first pole plate, the second pole plate, and the third pole plate together form a capacitance, and the The second pole plate is used as the main pole of the capacitor, and the first pole plate and the second pole plate are connected in series to form the secondary pole of the capacitor.
作为优选,所述的差分接收线圈包括第一接收线圈、第二接收线圈、第三接收线圈、第四接收线圈和微调线圈,所述的第一接收线圈、第二接收线圈、第三接收线圈、第四接收线圈串联,所述的微调线圈串联在所述的第三接收线圈和所述的第四接收线圈之中,所述的第一接收线圈、第三接收线圈、第四接收线圈位于所述的顶板面上,所述的第二接收线圈位于所述的背板面上。 Preferably, the differential receiving coil includes a first receiving coil, a second receiving coil, a third receiving coil, a fourth receiving coil and a trimming coil, the first receiving coil, the second receiving coil, the third receiving coil , the fourth receiving coil in series, the fine-tuning coil is connected in series between the third receiving coil and the fourth receiving coil, the first receiving coil, the third receiving coil, and the fourth receiving coil are located at On the top board, the second receiving coil is located on the back board.
作为优选,所述的探电线用覆铜包括第一覆铜板、第二覆铜板、第三覆铜板,所述的第一覆铜板、第二覆铜板、第三覆铜板水平中心线对齐且等距排列在所述的背板面上。 Preferably, the copper-clad copper for probe wires includes a first copper-clad laminate, a second copper-clad laminate, and a third copper-clad laminate, and the horizontal centerlines of the first copper-clad laminate, the second copper-clad laminate, and the third copper-clad laminate are aligned and the like distances are arranged on the backplane.
作为优选,所述的第一部分水管探测电路还包括第一参考电压提供单元、第二参考电压提供单元、供电电源、窄带脉冲产生电路,所述的窄带脉冲产生电路串联在所述的单稳态触发电路于所述的均值电路之间,所述的供电电源分别为所述的第一参考电压提供单元、第二参考电压提供单元、窄带脉冲产生电路和均值电路供电。 Preferably, the first part of the water pipe detection circuit further includes a first reference voltage supply unit, a second reference voltage supply unit, a power supply, and a narrowband pulse generation circuit, and the narrowband pulse generation circuit is connected in series with the monostable The trigger circuit is located between the average value circuits, and the power supply supplies power to the first reference voltage supply unit, the second reference voltage supply unit, the narrowband pulse generation circuit and the average value circuit respectively.
作为优选,所述的第二部分电线探测电路还包括偏置电压提供单元,所述的偏置电压提供单元为所述的高阻抗放大电路、阻抗变换电路供电。 Preferably, the second part of the wire detection circuit further includes a bias voltage supply unit, and the bias voltage supply unit supplies power to the high-impedance amplifier circuit and the impedance transformation circuit.
作为优选,所述的发射绕组为自绕线圈,包括普通漆包线、骨架,所述的普通漆包线均匀缠绕在所述的骨架上。 Preferably, the emitting winding is a self-wound coil, including a common enameled wire and a skeleton, and the common enameled wire is evenly wound on the skeleton.
与现有技术相比,本发明的多功能墙体探测仪尺寸紧凑、制作成本较低、制作工艺简单、制作重复性良好。 Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention has the advantages of compact size, low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and good manufacturing repeatability.
the
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪电路框图。 Fig. 1: The circuit block diagram of multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图2:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪三种传感器的布局情况图。 Fig. 2: a layout diagram of the three sensors of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图3:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪用于测量电容极板电容值的电路框图。 Fig. 3: The circuit block diagram of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention for measuring the capacitance value of the capacitor plate.
图4:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪用于测量电容极板电容值的电路原理图。 Fig. 4: The schematic circuit diagram of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention for measuring the capacitance value of the capacitor plate.
图5:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪用于贴墙检测的辅助电路原理图。 Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the auxiliary circuit for the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention for wall detection.
图6:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪用于处理信号的高阻抗放大电路框图。 Fig. 6: A block diagram of a high-impedance amplifying circuit for signal processing of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图7:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪用于处理信号的高阻抗放大电路原理图。 Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of the high-impedance amplifying circuit used for signal processing in the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图8:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪发射线圈绕组示意图。 Fig. 8: Schematic diagram of the transmitting coil winding of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图9:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪电流谐振电路原理图。 Fig. 9: Schematic diagram of the current resonance circuit of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图10:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪差分接收线圈分解示意图。 Fig. 10: An exploded schematic diagram of the differential receiving coil of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图11:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪差分接收线圈输出信号处理电路框图。 Fig. 11: A block diagram of the differential receiving coil output signal processing circuit of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图12:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪差分接收线圈输出信号处理电路原理图。 Fig. 12: Schematic diagram of the differential receiving coil output signal processing circuit of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图13:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪水管探测程序流程图。 Fig. 13: Flow chart of the water pipe detection program of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图14:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪电线探测程序流程图。 Fig. 14: Flowchart of the electric wire detection program of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
图15:本发明的多功能墙体探测仪金属探测程序流程图。 Fig. 15: Flow chart of the metal detection program of the multifunctional wall detector of the present invention.
the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合参考附图进一步描述本技术方案,但该描述仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。 The technical solution will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the description is only for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
请见图1—图12,本发明的一种多功能墙体探测仪,包括五个部分:第一部分为水管探测电路,由测水管用电容传感器300、单稳态触发电路304、均值电路307顺序串联组成;第二部分为电线探测电路,由探电线用覆铜14、高阻抗放大电路701、阻抗变换电路703顺序串联组成;第三部分为金属探测电路,由发射绕组100、电流谐振电路110、差分接收线圈9、放大电路393、滤波电路394、偏置电路395顺序串联组成;第四部分为辅助电路,由红外发射器52、红外接收器53顺序串联组成;第五部分为控制电路,包括控制器400;第一部分、第二部分、第三部分、第四部分均分别独立与第五部分连接;控制器400包括水管探测控制模块、电路探测控制模块、金属探测控制模块;水管探测控制模块、电路探测控制模块、金属探测控制模块集成在控制器400内;第一部分水管探测电路与第四部分辅助电路并联后与水管探测控制模块连接;第二部分电线探测电路与电路探测控制模块连接;第三部分金属探测电路与金属探测控制模块连接。
Please see Fig. 1-Fig. 12, a kind of multifunctional wall body detector of the present invention, comprises five parts: the first part is the water pipe detection circuit, is made of capacitive sensor 300 for measuring water pipe,
本发明的一种多功能墙体探测仪还包括主体PCB板1,测水管用电容传感器4、探电线用覆铜14、差分接收线圈9集成在主体PCB板1上。主体PCB板1包括背板2和顶板3两面,第一部分水管探测电路与第二部分电线探测电路集成在背板2面上,第三部分金属探测电路集成在顶板3面上。
A multifunctional wall detector of the present invention also includes a
测水管用电容传感器4包括第一极板4、第二极板5、第三极板6,第一极板4、第二极板5、第三极板6一起构成电容301,第二极板5作为电容301的主极,第一极板4和第二极板6串联在一起,构成电容301的次极。
差分接收线圈9包括第一接收线圈8、第二接收线圈9、第三接收线圈10、第四接收线圈11和微调线圈12,第一接收线圈8、第二接收线圈9、第三接收线圈10、第四接收线圈11串联,微调线圈12串联在第三接收线圈10和第四接收线圈11之中,第一接收线圈8、第三接收线圈10、第四接收线圈11位于顶板3面上,第二接收线圈9位于背板2面上。
The
探电线用覆铜14包括第一覆铜板13、第二覆铜板14、第三覆铜板15,第一覆铜板13、第二覆铜板14、第三覆铜板15水平中心线对齐且等距排列在背板2面上。
The copper-
第一部分水管探测电路还包括第一参考电压提供单元302、第二参考电压提供单元303、供电电源305、窄带脉冲产生电路306,窄带脉冲产生电路306串联在单稳态触发电路304于均值电路307之间,供电电源305分别为第一参考电压提供单元302、第二参考电压提供单元303、窄带脉冲产生电路306和均值电路307供电。
The first part of the water pipe detection circuit also includes a first reference
第二部分电线探测电路还包括偏置电压提供单元702,偏置电压提供单元702为高阻抗放大电路701、阻抗变换电路703供电。
The second part of the electric wire detection circuit also includes a bias
发射绕组100为自绕线圈,包括普通漆包线101、骨架106,普通漆包线101均匀缠绕在骨架106上。
The transmitting winding 100 is a self-winding coil, including a common
以下结合附图具体阐述本发明的一种多功能墙体探测仪水管探测功能实现过程。 The implementation process of the water pipe detection function of a multifunctional wall detector of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
该部分的设计请参见图2、图3、图4和图5,图2中包括电容极板示意图,图3、图4为电容极板电容值测量电路。测量电路分为第一参考电压提供单元302、第二参考电压提供单元303,单稳态触发电路304,窄带脉冲产生电路306,均值电路307。所有电路单元均通过供电电源305进行供电。
For the design of this part, please refer to Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5. Figure 2 includes a schematic diagram of the capacitor plate, and Figures 3 and 4 are the capacitance value measurement circuit of the capacitor plate. The measurement circuit is divided into a first reference
第二极板5为电容的主极,第一极板4和第三6串联构成电容的次级。主电容极板和次电容极板分别接入多谐振荡器20中。多谐振荡器型号为HC4538,其内部包括两路独立的多谐振荡器。主、次电容极板和第三十七电阻37,第三十八电阻38构成RC电路。第三十电阻30,第三十一电阻31分压,获得主电容极板的RC极限电压。第三十四电阻34,第三十五电阻35分压,构成次电容极板的RC极限电压。两路RC电路的时间常数决定了振荡器输出脉冲的占空比,故测量输出脉冲的占空比,可以得到电容极板的电容值。另外,控制器内置DAC模块36,可以调节次电容极板上的极限电压。为了测量极板电容值的变化,两路独立的输出端接入或非门电路21,得到一个反应电容大小的窄带脉冲信号。为了保证仪器的探测范围,控制器需要调节电路工作在工作状态,第二十三三极管23不能处于饱和或者截止状态。控制器内置PID调节器。调节器的输入,为控制器内置AD模块采集的电压信号。AD模块将对第二十四输出端24进行信号采样。调节器的输出,为DAC模块输出的电压值,该电压值输出至第二十六端口36,进行脉冲信号占空比的微调。均值电路通过第二十五电阻25和大电容26得到信号均值,其反应了输出脉冲信号的占空比。得到的直流电平的变化量与电容的变化量有关。为了让仪器具有最佳的灵敏度,第二十四输出端24的直流电压值需要调节至1/2VCC,该电压为PID控制器的目标电压。多谐振荡器的时钟信号由控制器内置定时器模块提供。定时器模块的输出为第二十九输出端29,信号频率为20kHz。第四十电容40、第四十一电容41、第四十二电容42为三个退耦电容,对电源进行滤波。
The second pole plate 5 is the main pole of the capacitor, and the
需要说明的是,在进行水管检测功能之前,首先通过图5的贴墙检测电路判断仪器是否处于贴墙状态。红外发射二极管52,在控制端口55的控制下,一直处于工作状态。由于挡板58的存在,红外信号无法影响红外接收器53,红外接收器53的输出端第五十六端口56处于高电平。当仪器贴近墙体表面54,红外信号经过墙体反射,信号被红外接收器53接收,输出信号产生跳变,指示仪器处于贴墙状态。此时电容传感器开始工作。
It should be noted that, before performing the water pipe detection function, it is firstly determined whether the instrument is in the wall-attached state through the wall-attached detection circuit in Fig. 5 . The infrared emitting
水管探测功能的程序流程请见图13。仪器的水管探测功能首先需要被先选中,然后进行贴墙检测。直到仪器判断现正处于贴墙状态,才开始进行校准程序。校准传感器的输出直流信号在1/2VCC附近便停止校准。记录下此刻传感器的输出信号,并开始测量程序。当输出的直流信号幅度与起始时刻电压幅度的差值超过一定范围时,指示仪器附近有水管出现。控制器之后对输出的直流信号进行监测,直到信号与原始信号的差值开始衰减,则指示信号开始进行中心位置指示。通过控制器内置的拟合公式,由传感器输出信号计算出仪器偏离中心位置的程度并进行显示。在测量过程中,若仪器离开墙体,或者用户选择其他探测功能,程序将清空起始电压和调节端电压值的数据,等待下次测量过程。 See Figure 13 for the program flow of the water pipe detection function. The water pipe detection function of the instrument needs to be selected first, and then the wall detection is performed. Do not start the calibration procedure until the instrument judges that it is now against the wall. Calibration stops when the output DC signal of the calibration sensor is near 1/2VCC. Record the output signal of the sensor at this moment and start the measurement procedure. When the difference between the output DC signal amplitude and the initial voltage amplitude exceeds a certain range, it indicates that there is a water pipe near the instrument. The controller then monitors the output DC signal until the difference between the signal and the original signal begins to attenuate, then the indicator signal starts to indicate the center position. Through the built-in fitting formula of the controller, the degree of deviation of the instrument from the center position is calculated from the output signal of the sensor and displayed. During the measurement, if the instrument leaves the wall, or the user selects other detection functions, the program will clear the data of the initial voltage and the voltage value of the adjustment terminal, and wait for the next measurement process.
以下结合附图具体阐述本发明的一种多功能墙体探测仪电线探测功能实现过程。 The implementation process of the wire detection function of a multifunctional wall detector of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请见图2、图6和图7。探测用到的第一覆铜板13,第二覆铜板14,第三覆铜板15分布在一个平面内,三覆铜板等距排列,且水平中心线对齐。电路设计主要包括偏置电压提供单元702,高阻抗放大单元701以及阻抗变换单元703。
Please see Figure 2, Figure 6 and Figure 7. The first copper-clad
当覆铜板接近电线时,因电线中的交变电流产生的交变磁场在覆铜板中形成涡流,此时整个覆铜板不是一个等势体,将各块覆铜板上的测试点接出,得到微弱的50Hz信号。将覆铜板上获得的信号接入高阻抗放大电路。图7中第七十一电容71为隔直电容,去除信号中的直流分量。偏转电压由第八十一电阻81,第八十二电阻82分压获得,经第七十二电阻72接入第一级MOS管73的栅极,为了保证偏置电压的稳定接入三个滤波电容,第八十五电容85、第八十六电容86、第八十七电容87采用104电容,用于去除信号噪声。第一级MOS管73的输出电压从漏极输出。第二级MOS管74主要作用是阻抗变换,放大倍数接近于1,由源极端口80输出。第一级MOS管73和第二级MOS管74集成于同一个芯片75中。三覆铜极板并排排列,有助于判断电线的中心位置。
When the copper clad laminate is close to the wire, the alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the wire forms an eddy current in the copper clad laminate. At this time, the entire copper clad laminate is not an equipotential body. Connect the test points of each copper clad laminate to obtain Weak 50Hz signal. Connect the signal obtained on the copper clad board to the high impedance amplifier circuit. The seventy-first capacitor 71 in FIG. 7 is a DC blocking capacitor, which removes the DC component in the signal. The deflection voltage is obtained by dividing the voltage of the eighty-
电线探测功能的程序流程请见图14。仪器开机以后自动进入电线检测模式。控制器通过内置AD模块连续的采集三块覆铜板的输出电压。计算输出50Hz信号的峰峰值电压。对三个峰值电压进行归一化处理。接下来,程序判断三个电压峰峰值之间的关系。当三个信号幅度之间的差别相差不大时,不进行中心指示,仅根据三个电压的均值,通过控制器内置的拟合公式,进行强度指示,即显示出电线离仪器的距离。当三个信号幅度相差较大,进行中心显示,并利用幅度最大的信号,通过内置的拟合公式,进行强度显示。 See Figure 14 for the program flow of the wire detection function. After the instrument is turned on, it automatically enters the wire detection mode. The controller continuously collects the output voltage of the three copper clad boards through the built-in AD module. Calculate the peak-to-peak voltage of the output 50Hz signal. Normalize the three peak voltages. Next, the program judges the relationship between the peak-to-peak values of the three voltages. When the difference between the three signal amplitudes is not much different, the center indication is not performed, and the intensity indication is performed only according to the average value of the three voltages through the fitting formula built in the controller, that is, the distance between the wire and the instrument is displayed. When the amplitudes of the three signals are quite different, the center will be displayed, and the signal with the largest amplitude will be used to display the intensity through the built-in fitting formula.
以下结合附图具体阐述本发明的一种多功能墙体探测仪金属探测功能实现过程。 The implementation process of the metal detection function of a multifunctional wall detector of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请见图2、图8、图9、图10、图11、图12,金属探测功能的实现需要利用发射绕,100,差分接收线圈9,微调线圈12,以及滤波电路394和偏置电路395完成。发射绕组100为自绕线圈,如图8所示,由普通漆包线101均匀缠绕在骨架106而成,具有一定的电感值。接入电路中,选择合适的第一百零二电容102可构成电流谐振电路110。该谐振电路的激励信号103来自于控制器定时器模块产生的方波信号,方波信号的频率和相位由程序控制。第一百零四电阻104和第一百零五电容105对产生的方波进行平滑。
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. The realization of the metal detection function requires the use of a transmitting winding, 100, a
线圈中的电流可以产生磁场,与差分接收线圈9交链,在差分接收线圈9上产生感应信号输出。由于差分接收线圈9采用差分线圈接收形式,当仪器周围不存在被测金属物体时,经过接收线圈的参数设计,可以保证接收线圈的输出信号为0,此时差分线圈处于平衡状态。当仪器周围具有金属物体时,金属物体将影响电磁场的分布,导致差分接收线圈9的磁场通量变化,最终导致输出信号的电压值和相位值的变化。
The current in the coil can generate a magnetic field, interlink with the
本设计的差分接收线圈采用了PCB线圈,差分接收线圈均设计在双层电路板上。请见图10,为了保证差分接收线圈的平衡状态,需要设计不同绕向的线圈相互串联。因此,本设计的差分线圈包括以下四个部分:第一接收线圈组8,第二接收线圈9,第三接收线圈10,第四接收线圈11。四个接收线圈为串联关系,且和发射绕组保持同心。:第一接收线圈组8和 第四接收线圈11的绕向是一致的,和第二接收线圈9、第三接收线圈10的绕向相反。因此,进过对线圈的合理设计,可以保证在没有被测物体的情况下,线圈磁通量的总和为零。微调线圈12的设计可以保证,在电路板尺寸在存在加工误差的情况下,仍然可以达到一个较好的平衡状态。微调线圈12串联在第三接收线圈10、第四接收线圈11之间。微调线圈12由两个同心,走向相同,但是半径不同的线圈组成。半径较小的称为内圈135,半径较大的称为外圈136。这两条线圈的被分为四段:第一段141,第二段142,第三段143,第四段144,四段弧线的角度依次为24°、48°、96°、192°。通过4对MOS管开关:第三MOS管开关150,第四MOS管开关151,第五MOS管开关152,第六MOS管开关153选通上述各段圆弧是内圈还是外圈串入接收线圈中。不同半径的圆弧所包围的接收面积的不同,因此,选择不同角度的弧度接入接收线圈,可以改变接收线圈的接收面积。因而通过MOS管的选通可以达到差分线圈的微调目的,以保证差分线圈的平衡。差分线圈自身是否到达平衡状态,将直接影响仪器的探测范围,因此,平衡线圈中微调线圈的设计是十分重要的。
The differential receiving coil of this design uses a PCB coil, and the differential receiving coils are all designed on a double-layer circuit board. Please refer to Figure 10, in order to ensure the balance of the differential receiving coils, it is necessary to design coils with different winding directions to be connected in series. Therefore, the differential coil of this design includes the following four parts: the first
探测线圈390的输出信号中混有较多的噪声信号,而且信号本身是十分微弱的。为达到金属探测的目的,本发明设计了信号处理电路,如图11、图12所示,用于处理输出信号。电路分为放大电路393、滤波电路394以及后级的偏置电路395,放大电路393为同相放大电路,滤波电路394为无限增益滤波电路。
The output signal of the
放大部分采用的第一运算放大器391型号为TLC2272,第四百零一电阻401和第四百零二电阻402的比值,决定了放大器的放大倍数。滤波器为无限增益反馈滤波器,基于第二运算放大器392进行设计,型号为TLC2272。同相放大器采用的第一运算放大器391和滤波器所用的第二运算放大器392集成于同一片芯片中。放大电路同相输入端采用了LC滤波电路,由贴片电感416和贴片电容420构成,放大器输入电阻第四百零一电阻401和反馈电阻第四百零二电阻402决定了信号放大倍数,第四百一十五电容415为一小电容做频率补偿。第四百一十八电容418为搁直电容,第四百一十九电阻419为匹配电阻,将信号输出滤波器中。通过选择四百一十一电阻411,四百一十二电阻412,四百一十三电容413,四百一十四电容414,可以得到滤波器的截止频率。该滤波电路的截止频率和激励信号的频率保持一致,为5KHz。为采集输出信号,需要将在信号中增加直流分量,使信号电压在AD采用模块405的转换范围内。直流分量由第四百零七电阻407和第四百零八电阻408分压获得。输出信号进过第四百零四电容404不带直流分量,第四百一十九电阻419和第四百一十电容410构成了一个RC低通滤波器。
The model of the first operational amplifier 391 used in the amplification part is TLC2272, and the ratio of the 401st resistor 401 to the
在控制器中将对AD采样模块得到的数据进行处理,采用的是FFT算法,计算输出信号的相位。由于此处信号频率固定为5KHz,故采用定点FFT算法得到信号的相位信息,再将该相位与方波信号的相位相比较,相位的超前或者滞后反映了被测物体的磁导率。由于铁质金属和非铁质金属具有不同的磁导率,故可以通过这种差异识别出被检测物体为铁质金属或者非铁质金属。 In the controller, the data obtained by the AD sampling module will be processed, and the FFT algorithm is used to calculate the phase of the output signal. Since the signal frequency here is fixed at 5KHz, the fixed-point FFT algorithm is used to obtain the phase information of the signal, and then the phase is compared with the phase of the square wave signal. The lead or lag of the phase reflects the magnetic permeability of the measured object. Since ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals have different magnetic permeability, it can be identified whether the detected object is ferrous metal or non-ferrous metal through this difference.
本发明实现金属探测的程序流程请见图15,仪器开机之后,当用户选择金属探测功能,进入金属探测状态,。控制器发出激励方波信号,使发射绕组工作在电流谐振状态。进行AD采样,并记录下此时方波信号的相位信息。完成采样后,对所获得的数据进行均值滤波,中指滤波等方法的处理。通过FFT算法模块计算信号的相位信息。得到信号相位和方波相位的差值并在结果中减去电路的固定相移得到最终结果。多次重复测量,最终获得相位均值208。当相位均值的绝对值超过一定阈值,保留相位信息,指示有金属物体存在。若相位均值小于一定阈值,则清空显示信息并重新测量。若存在被测物体,通过内置的拟合公式,指示金属物体的大致强度信息,并通过相位信息的超前滞后,判断被测物体属于铁质金属或者非铁质金属。将本次测量得到相位信息与上次测量结果相比较,若相位绝对值出现显著减小,进行被测物体的中心位置判断。软件置位中心位置判断标志,利用此时的相位信息修正控制器内置中心位置拟合公式的相关参数。接下来一次测量,所获得的相位信息直接运用强度信息显示,中心位置显示。如果某次测量中,获得的相位均值绝对值小于一定阈值,退出测量,并清空存储数据,开始另一次的测量。 Please refer to Figure 15 for the program flow of the metal detection in the present invention. After the instrument is turned on, when the user selects the metal detection function, it enters the metal detection state. The controller sends an exciting square wave signal to make the transmitting winding work in the current resonance state. Perform AD sampling and record the phase information of the square wave signal at this time. After the sampling is completed, the obtained data are processed by mean value filtering, middle finger filtering and other methods. The phase information of the signal is calculated by the FFT algorithm module. Get the difference between the signal phase and the square wave phase and subtract the fixed phase shift of the circuit from the result to get the final result. The measurement is repeated many times, and finally the phase mean value 208 is obtained. When the absolute value of the phase mean value exceeds a certain threshold, the phase information is retained, indicating the presence of a metal object. If the average value of the phase is less than a certain threshold, clear the displayed information and re-measure. If there is a measured object, the built-in fitting formula can indicate the approximate intensity information of the metal object, and through the lead lag of the phase information, it can be judged whether the measured object belongs to ferrous metal or non-ferrous metal. Comparing the phase information obtained by this measurement with the last measurement result, if the absolute value of the phase decreases significantly, the center position of the measured object is judged. The software sets the center position judgment flag, and uses the phase information at this time to correct the relevant parameters of the built-in center position fitting formula of the controller. In the next measurement, the obtained phase information is displayed directly using the intensity information, and the center position is displayed. If the absolute value of the phase mean value obtained in a certain measurement is less than a certain threshold, exit the measurement, clear the stored data, and start another measurement.
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。 The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.
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CN114859422A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-08-05 | 华北水利水电大学 | Portable wall body water pipe distribution detection device based on dielectric constant method |
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