CN103178637A - Brush keeper used for carbon brush - Google Patents

Brush keeper used for carbon brush Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103178637A
CN103178637A CN2012105856404A CN201210585640A CN103178637A CN 103178637 A CN103178637 A CN 103178637A CN 2012105856404 A CN2012105856404 A CN 2012105856404A CN 201210585640 A CN201210585640 A CN 201210585640A CN 103178637 A CN103178637 A CN 103178637A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
damping
brush
holding device
current collector
brush holding
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Granted
Application number
CN2012105856404A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103178637B (en
Inventor
S·哈特曼
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of CN103178637A publication Critical patent/CN103178637A/en
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Publication of CN103178637B publication Critical patent/CN103178637B/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/24Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38Brush holders
    • H01R39/381Brush holders characterised by the application of pressure to brush

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a brush keeper used for a carbon brush in a motor, comprising a carbon brush, wherein the carbon brush is adjustably kept in a brush rack and is abutted on a current collector of an armature side by a loading force of a spring element. In addition, the carbon brush is provided with a damping element, wherein the damping element has a damping ratio which is related to radial deflection of the current collector relative to a circular shape.

Description

Brush holder for a carbon brush
Technical Field
The invention relates to a brush holder for a carbon brush for transmitting electrical current in an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Background
It is known to provide electric motors with a commutator for transmitting current to an armature rotatably mounted in a stator, which commutator is also used for rectifying current in a short-circuited armature coil. This commutator is formed by an armature-side current collector and a carbon brush which is fixed to the housing and which bears against the outer circumferential surface of the rotating current collector. The carbon brushes are mounted in a brush holder radially displaceable in the direction of the current collector on the armature side and are acted upon by a spring element toward the current collector. In this way, wear of the carbon brush can be compensated for by automatic adjustment in the radial direction.
In particular in motors designed for a large number of on-off cycles, for example starter motors for internal combustion engines, it must be ensured that vibrations of the carbon brushes or brush holders do not lead to increased wear in order to achieve the required service life. Such vibrations (in addition to the brush holder and the carbon brushes and also the spring elements) may be excited by the sliding contact between the carbon brushes and the collector support.
JP 2008220040a describes a brush holder with a spring-loaded carbon brush which is movably mounted in a brush holder, wherein a damping material is arranged between the spring element and the carbon brush in order to stabilize the pressing force for placing the carbon brush against the current collector.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a brush holder for a carbon brush in an electric machine with a small design, which can be designed for a large number of on-off cycles, using simple design measures.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims provide advantageous developments.
The brush holder device according to the invention for a brush holder is a component of a commutator for current transmission and commutation in an electric machine having a stator and a rotatably mounted rotor which is an armature core carrier with energizable coils. The carbon brushes are in contact with a current collector, which is also part of the commutator and is formed integrally with the rotor shaft, for current transmission. The carbon brushes are held in the brush holder in an adjustable manner and are urged by a spring element against the armature-side or rotor-side current collector, so that a sufficient contact between the carbon brushes and the current collector is ensured even in the event of wear of the carbon brushes. The movable mounting of the carbon brush in the brush holder and the force action of the spring element effect an adjustment of the carbon brush in the radial direction toward the current collector.
In order to effectively damp vibrations of the carbon brush and the brush holder, including the spring element, a damping element is provided in the brush holder.
The damping element has a damping rate that is related to the radial offset of the collector with respect to the circle. Such a shift may be produced by waviness of the collector, and also by unevenness on the collector surface caused by the collector sheet. During rotation of the rotor, the carbon brushes bearing against the outer circumferential surface of the collector are subjected to radial acceleration due to the waviness and unevennesses, wherein the damping rate of the damping element can be adapted to the particular actual situation in an optimized manner by designing the damping rate as a function of the radial offset of the collector relative to the circular shape. The damping element can thus be dimensioned such that the radial movement of the carbon brushes is minimized and the carbon brushes maintain their radial position and constantly bear against the outer circumferential surface of the current collector despite the excitation caused by the waviness or unevenness of the outer circumferential surface of the current collector during rotation of the rotor shaft.
Different influencing factors can be taken into account for determining the damping rate of the damping element. Thus, it is advantageous, for example, that the damping rate is related to the number of radial excursions of the collector relative to a circular shape that exceed a threshold value. Thus, only offsets with a minimum amount of difference with respect to a circle radially inward or radially outward are considered. Conversely, the radial offset below the threshold value is so small that the resulting excitation of the carbon brushes during rotation of the rotor shaft no longer has a significant effect.
For example, it is advantageous to consider the number of commutator segments distributed over the circumference of the collector. In the transition region between adjacent commutator segments, there may be very small radial unevennesses, which lead to excitation of the carbon brushes, which can be compensated for by the damping rate of the damping element.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, for determining the damping rate, a factor is determined which is a percentage value of the static pressing force with which the carbon brush is ideally forced towards the current collector, i.e. in a round current collector. This factor is typically in the size range between 1% and 5%, with reference to the static pressing force.
As a further influencing factor for determining the damping rate, the nominal rotational speed of the electric machine can be taken into account. A high nominal rotational speed results in a smaller damping rate and a lower nominal rotational speed results in a larger damping rate.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the damping ratio is designed to avoid an aperiodic limit condition in the radial oscillation behavior of the carbon brush. As an additional criterion, it can be predetermined that the damping rate has a minimum damping. The damping rate lies within the range limited in this way, taking into account both the avoidance of the occurrence of non-periodic limit situations and the desired minimum damping, wherein there is also a correlation with the radial offset of the collector with respect to the circle.
The damping rate of the damping element is advantageously in a range of values between 0.1Ns/m and 10 Ns/m. All values within this range of values may be advantageous, for example 1Ns/m, 2Ns/m or 5 Ns/m. In a preferred embodiment, the damping rate of the damping element is in a range of values between 0.2Ns/m and 1 Ns/m.
The spring element and the damping element can form a common, integrated structural unit. By combining the spring element and the damping element into a common structural unit, a compact design can be achieved with only minimal space requirements. The structural unit can be integrated in the brush holder and no longer requires more space than the spring element or only requires slightly more space than the spring element. The damping element of the structural unit serves for effective vibration damping, so that vibrations excited in particular in the resonance frequency of the carbon brush, the spring element and the brush holder are not intensified but reduced again. This ensures that the carbon brushes are not or only very slightly subjected to vibrations and bear uniformly or continuously against the collector surface of the armature. The current transmission is ensured in a better manner while the wear is reduced, so that a greater number of on-off cycles with on-and off-processes can be achieved.
According to an advantageous further development, the spring element and the damping element are arranged parallel to one another in a common structural unit. By the parallel connection, a constant support of the carbon brush on the brush holder is ensured, independently of the supporting properties of the damping element. Thereby, the damping element can be optimized according to the damping function. The damping element does not necessarily participate in the force support of the carbon brush in the brush holder, but this is possible according to an embodiment variant in which the carbon brush is not supported on the carbon brush solely by the spring element, but also by the damping element.
In principle, the damping element and the spring element can also be connected in series, as long as the damping element can transmit a static force.
The damping element can be made of a foam-like material and thus has a high air entrainment, which has the advantage of having a resilient property in addition to the damping properties. In addition, the foam-like material has a very low dead weight.
As a material for the damping element, an elastomer can also be considered, which is designed to be particularly soft and has a high intrinsic damping.
The integration of the spring element and the damping element in a common structural unit can be realized in different ways. For example, it is possible that the damping element can be inserted into the spring element such that the damping element is enclosed by the spring element. The spring element is embodied, for example, as a helical spring or a spiral spring and accommodates the damping element in the interior space.
Alternatively, the spring element can also be inserted into the damping element, so that the spring element is surrounded by the damping element. The damping element is designed, for example, in the form of a ring, wherein the spring element is inserted into a centrally located interior of the damping element. Embodiments in which a recess is provided in the damping element to accommodate the spring element are conceivable here, as well as embodiments in which the spring element is completely integrated in the material of the damping element. The latter embodiment is particularly suitable for foam-like or elastomer materials which are used to encapsulate the damping element of the spring element in the production of the structural unit.
Finally, it is possible to embody the structural unit with the spring element and the damping element as a common spring damping mass, which is composed in particular of the same material with both elastic and damping properties.
According to a further alternative embodiment, a thermal insulation layer is arranged between the structural unit comprising the spring element and the damping element and the carbon brush, which thermal insulation layer has the function of a thermal protection layer for protecting the spring element and/or the damping element. During operation of the electric machine, the carbon brushes may become significantly hot due to friction, wherein a thermal insulation layer ensures that the heat transfer from the carbon brushes to the structural unit is reduced to such an extent that damage to the structural unit caused by heat is avoided.
The brush holder is used in particular in a starter motor for a starter device of an internal combustion engine. Such starter motors must be able to reliably execute a large number of on-off cycles in the embodiment of an internal combustion engine with a start-stop system.
An advantage of the design of the damping element in this numerical range is that effective damping is achieved also in the presence of excitation in the range of the resonant frequency of the brush holder.
Drawings
Further advantages and advantageous embodiments are given by the further claims, the description of the figures and the figures. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a commutator with a brush holder and a spring damping system, the brush holder comprising a carbon brush which is adjustably mounted in a brush holder and via which the carbon brush is supported on the brush holder, and an armature-side current collector, wherein the spring damping system forms a structural unit and the damping elements are integrated in the spring elements,
fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the commutator, in which the damping element consists of a foam-like material and the spring element is completely integrated in the damping element,
fig. 3 shows an embodiment similar to fig. 2, but with a damping element configured in the form of a ring, into the central recess of which the spring element is inserted,
figure 4 shows another embodiment of a spring damping construction unit in the form of a one-piece block,
fig. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment, which is constructed analogously to fig. 4, wherein a thermal insulation layer is arranged between the spring damping unit and the carbon brush.
Detailed Description
In the drawings like parts have like reference numerals.
The commutator 1 shown in fig. 1 is a component of an electric machine, for example a starter motor in an internal combustion engine, and comprises a brush holder 2 having a carbon brush 4 held in a brush holder 3 and an armature-side current collector 5, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor shaft of the electric machine. For the purpose of current transmission and rectification, the carbon brushes 4 are in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotating current collector 5. The carbon brushes 4 are movably mounted in a brush holder 3 of U-shaped cross section and can be moved in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the current collector 5 in the direction of the outer circumferential surface of the current collector. In order to ensure sufficient contact between the carbon brush 4 and the current collector 5, the carbon brush 4 is supported on the bottom of the brush holder 3 on the side facing away from the current collector 5 by a spring element 7, which is part of a spring damping unit 6, which also comprises a damping element 8. The damping element 8 serves to effectively damp vibrations in the brush holder 2, i.e. vibrations of the brush holder 3, the carbon brush 4 and the structural unit 6. Such vibrations may occur radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the collector 5, and may also occur in the circumferential and axial directions of the collector.
The spring damping unit 6 integrates the spring element 7 and the damping element 8 simultaneously in one and the same component. This has the advantage that the assembly is simplified and the required installation space is minimal.
In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 1, the spring element is embodied as a spiral spring or helical spring, wherein the damping element 8 is integrated in the interior of the spring element 7. The damping element 8 is made of an elastomer or foam-like material, for example, which is inserted into the interior of the spring element 7. This arrangement is a parallel connection of the spring element 7 and the damping element 8, since both components simultaneously transmit forces in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the current collector 5.
In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 2, the spring element 7 is integrated in a damping element 8, which is designed as a foam-like block or block-like elastomer and extends over the entire end face of the carbon brush 4 facing away from the current collector 5. The spring element 7 is encapsulated by the material of the damping element 8.
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment similar to fig. 2, but with the difference that the damping element 8 is embodied in a ring shape and has a centrally located recess into which the spring element 7 is inserted. The spring element 7 and the damping element 8 thus form separate components, but together form the structural unit 6.
In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 4, the structural unit 6 is embodied as a spring damping mass, which is embodied, for example, as an elastic foam or an elastomer having a damping function in addition to elastic properties.
In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 5, the structural unit 6 is also designed as a spring damping mass, which has both an elastic and a damping characteristic. Furthermore, a heat insulation layer 9 is provided between the end face of the carbon brush 4 facing away from the current collector 5 and the spring damping block 6, which serves as a thermal protection layer and prevents heat conduction or heat transfer from the hot carbon brush to the structural unit 6. This ensures that the heat generated in the carbon brush by friction during operation does not lead to damage of the spring damping unit 6.
The damping rate d of the damping element is advantageously configured such that the radial offset ar of the current collector 5 with respect to the circle influences the magnitude of the damping rate. It is thereby possible to ensure that the excitation applied to the carbon brush as a result of the deflection does not act on the radial position of the carbon brush or acts only in the smallest possible manner. Depending on the size and number of radial offsets of the collector outer circumference from circular, the damping rate varies and corresponding damping elements may be used. The offset with respect to the circular shape is determined beforehand by measurement techniques and/or by structural considerations, for example by the number of commutator segments on the collector and the radial projection or radial recess of the commutator segments. If this information is known, a correspondingly designed damping element for supporting the carbon brush in the brush holder can be used. When the radial deviation deltar, the radial deviation quantity z (exceeding the minimum limit) and the static pressing force F are known0(for pressing carbon brushes against the outer circumferential surface of the collector when the collector is circular) and the rated rotational speed ω of the motorAIn the case of (2), the damping rate d can be obtained as follows:
d ≤ k · F 0 Δr · z · ω A ,
where the factor is determined by k, which is typically in a range of values between 1% and 5%.
The radial offset ar is typically in the order of r/1000, where r is the radius of the collector. The value of z is at most half the number of segments.
In the design of the damping rate d, it can additionally be taken into account that, on the one hand, aperiodic limit situations should be avoided and, on the other hand, minimal damping should be achieved. Thereby, the upper and lower limit values of the damping rate d, which are accurately expressed by the above formula, are determined.

Claims (13)

1. Brush holder for a carbon brush (4) in an electric machine, comprising a carbon brush (4) which is held in a brush holder (3) in an adjustable manner and which is pressed against a current collector (5) on the armature side by a spring element (7) under the action of a spring force, and a damping element (8) assigned to the carbon brush (4), characterized in that the damping element (8) has a damping rate (d) which is dependent on the radial offset (Δ r) of the current collector (5) relative to a circle.
2. A brush holding device according to claim 1, wherein said damping rate (d) is related to the number of said radial excursions (Δ r) exceeding a threshold value.
3. A brush holding device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for determining said damping rate (d) a static pressing force (F) is determined0) By means of which the carbon brush (4) is pressed against the current collector (5) by a loading force.
4. A brush holding device according to claim 3, wherein said factor (k) is between 1% and 5%.
5. A brush holding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said damping rate (d) is determined by the following formula:
d ≤ k · F 0 Δr · z · ω A ,
wherein,
d represents a damping rate
k represents a factor
F0Indicating static pressing force
Δ r denotes the radial offset
z represents the number of said radial offsets
ωARepresenting the nominal rotational speed of the motor.
6. A brush holding device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said damping rate (d) is such as to avoid non-periodic limit conditions.
7. A brush holding device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said damping rate (d) enables a minimum damping.
8. A brush holding device according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein said radial offset (Δ r) is in the order of magnitude of 1/1000 of the radius (r) of said current collector.
9. A brush holding device according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8, wherein the number (z) of said radial offsets (Δ r) is at most half the number of commutator segments.
10. The brush holding device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spring element (7) and the damping element (8) form a common, integrated structural unit (6).
11. Brush holding device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the damping rate of the damping element (8) lies in a value range between 0.1Ns/m and 10 Ns/m.
12. Electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, having a brush holder device (2) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.
13. Starting device for an internal combustion engine, having an electric motor according to claim 12.
CN201210585640.4A 2011-12-21 2012-12-20 Brush holding means for carbon brush Active CN103178637B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011089373.3 2011-12-21
DE102011089373A DE102011089373B4 (en) 2011-12-21 2011-12-21 Brush holder assembly for a carbon brush

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CN103178637A true CN103178637A (en) 2013-06-26
CN103178637B CN103178637B (en) 2016-08-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201210585640.4A Active CN103178637B (en) 2011-12-21 2012-12-20 Brush holding means for carbon brush

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CN (1) CN103178637B (en)
DE (1) DE102011089373B4 (en)
FR (1) FR2985102B1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000175412A (en) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-23 Asmo Co Ltd Motor brush device
CN101179217A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-14 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 Electric brush device of commutator motor and electric dust collector
JP2008220040A (en) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Brush device and commutator motor
CN101842580A (en) * 2007-10-29 2010-09-22 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Starter for an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7809298U1 (en) * 1978-03-29 1978-07-13 Ringsdorff-Werke Gmbh, 5300 Bonn- Bad Godesberg Brush arrangement
DD223581A1 (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-06-12 Hartha Elektromotoren VIBRATION DAMPER FOR BUERSTEN IN ELECTRIC SMALL MACHINES
DE10058742A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-05-29 Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Brush for electrodynamic machine has resistance layer between sub-brushes at least partly inclined to edge of commutator lamella in multilayer brush contact region with commutator surface
DE102008012963A1 (en) * 2008-03-06 2009-09-17 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Method for producing a contact unit and contact unit
DE102008054960A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-09-09 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Corporate Intellectual Property electric motor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000175412A (en) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-23 Asmo Co Ltd Motor brush device
CN101179217A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-14 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 Electric brush device of commutator motor and electric dust collector
JP2008220040A (en) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Brush device and commutator motor
CN101842580A (en) * 2007-10-29 2010-09-22 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Starter for an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2985102B1 (en) 2018-04-20
DE102011089373A1 (en) 2013-06-27
DE102011089373B4 (en) 2013-09-05
CN103178637B (en) 2016-08-24
FR2985102A1 (en) 2013-06-28

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Effective date of registration: 20180205

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Patentee after: SEG Automotive Germany Co.,Ltd.

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