CN103176500A - Maximum power tracking method for solar cell - Google Patents
Maximum power tracking method for solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103176500A CN103176500A CN2011104423957A CN201110442395A CN103176500A CN 103176500 A CN103176500 A CN 103176500A CN 2011104423957 A CN2011104423957 A CN 2011104423957A CN 201110442395 A CN201110442395 A CN 201110442395A CN 103176500 A CN103176500 A CN 103176500A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention provides a maximum power tracking method for a solar cell. The maximum power tracking method for the solar cell comprises the following steps. A system is initialized, and an initial value of variable quantity is set. At the moment of K, an output voltage UK and an output current IK are detected, and an error value I_errorK of a current loop is calculated. Output power is PK, and an output power difference value is delta P. An output current set value Iref (K) enabling the delta P to meet the requirement of an error is obtained based on a current I_max1 which is closest to the maximum current value of the system, and the set value Iref (K) is the maximum current I_max that the system can output. The maximum power tracking method for the solar cell and a controller loop are combined closely so that charging of a rear end storage cell is effectively managed, and therefore the maximum power point of a system level can be rapidly tracked in time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar cell control technology field, particularly a kind of with solar power is followed the tracks of and controller efficient combines a kind of maximum power tracking method.
Background technology
Independently solar power system generally is made of solar cell, controller (charger), accumulator, distribution system, at present, it is substantially all by sampling solar cell output voltage, electric current that solar maximum power is followed the tracks of, process the pulsewidth of directly controlling controller or the voltage of solar cell, the maximal power tracing that electric current is realized sun power by data, but it is input voltage, the electric current of sampling solar cell that minority is also arranged, control the controller output current by processing, realize maximal power tracing.But there is following defective in these schemes: 1, solar cell output is controlled and is realized the solar maximum power tracking, can obtain the peak power of solar cell, but be not to be the peak power of whole solar power system, because do not consider the nonlinear problem of the efficient of controller itself; 2, the maximal power tracing strategy that adopts of present controller for solar does not have and the loop control strategy integration of controller itself, and is conflicting for the Charge Management of rear end accumulator, can not effectively realize the Charge Management of battery science.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least the technical matters that exists in prior art, has proposed to special innovation a kind of solar cell maximum power tracking method.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of solar cell maximum power tracking method, it comprises the steps:
S1: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, described variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output current I_big, output current microvariations amount Δ I_small, power stability scope ε, current error minimal value ε 1, current error maximum value ε 2, tracking direction DirFlag;
S2: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount I_error of the current current loop of calculating
K=Iref
K-I
K, described Iref
KBe the output current set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
S3: if | I_error
K|＜ε 1, gets Iref
K+1=Iref
K+ Δ I_big makes K=K+1, returns to step S2, if ε 1＜| I_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, return to step S2, if | I_error
K|＞ε 2, and the immediate value I_max1 of the maximum current I_max of system's output is I_max1=I_ref
K-1, system enters step S4;
S4: output current set-point Iref
K=Iref
K-1+ Δ I_small * DirFlag;
S5: if Δ P＞ε gets DirFlag=1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, get DirFlag=-1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If | Δ P|＜ε, get DirFlag=0, withdraw from.According to another embodiment of the invention, solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention comprises the steps:
S1: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, described variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output voltage U_big, output voltage microvariations amount Δ U_small, power stability scope ε, voltage error minimal value ε 1, voltage error maximum value ε 2, tracking direction DirFlag;
S2: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount U_error of calculating current voltage loop
K=Uref
K-U
K, described Uref
KBe the output voltage set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
S3: if | U_error
K|＜ε 1, gets Uref
K+1=Uref
K+ Δ U_big makes K=K+1, returns to step S2, if ε 1＜| U_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, return to step S2, if | U_error
K|＞ε 2, and the immediate value U_max1 of the maximum voltage u_max of system's output is U_max1=U_ref
K-1, system enters step S4;
S4: output voltage set-point Uref
K=Uref
K-1+ Δ U_small * DirFlag;
S5: if Δ P＞ε gets DirFlag=1, make K=K+I, return to step S4; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, get DirFlag=-1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If | Δ P|＜ε, get DirFlag=0, withdraw from.
The present invention proposes a kind of new MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT maximum power point tracking) method realizes the energy utilization rate of solar energy photovoltaic system optimum, and the method and controller loop combine closely, effectively managed the Charge Management of rear end accumulator, also solve simultaneously the local peak power stable problem of present maximum power tracking method such as fixed step size method, variable step disturbance observation, can trace in time, fast system-level maximum power point.
A kind of energy that the present invention proposes for system's consideration of solar cell, controller, accumulator composition utilizes maximized method.it is in conjunction with the energy of solar cell and the transformation efficiency of controller, by controlling the output current of controller, be that output current adopts the segmentation step length changing method to seek the maximum point of controller output power, perhaps by controlling the output voltage of controller, be that output voltage adopts the segmentation step length changing method to seek the maximum point of controller output power, but not the maximum power point of the searching solar cell that generally adopts at present output, the method has been considered the transformation efficiency of controller itself, can obtain system-level maximizes power, and control strategy can be taken into account the loop of self and control, and the battery charging management of rear end.This method has provided a kind of brand-new, more rational maximal power tracing mode from system integration angle, obtained the maximum power point on the systemic hierarchial, and control thought has been integrated control strategy and the rear end battery management of controller, makes whole control framework more terse, efficient, reasonable.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention's the first preferred implementation;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention's the second preferred implementation.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, only be used for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention's the first preferred implementation.As seen from the figure, solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention comprises the steps:
The first step: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, wherein, variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output current I_big, output current microvariations amount Δ I_small, power stability scope ε, tracking direction DirFlag, current error minimal value ε 1, current error maximum value ε 2;
Second step: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount I_error of the current current loop of calculating
K=Iref
K-I
K, described Iref
KBe the output current set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, with current output power P
KDeduct the power P of previous moment
K-1, draw output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
The 3rd step: if | I_error
K|＜ε 1, illustrates that current loop is stable, and current reference can also continue to add, and gives output current set-point Iref
KIncrease the large disturbance quantity Δ of an output current I_big as K+1 given value of current value constantly, system returns to second step, if ε 1＜| I_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, and system returns to second step, if | I_error
K|＞ε 2, illustrate that current loop is unstable, and photovoltaic cell can not be exported so large electric current, and namely current reference cannot continue to add, and the maximum current I_max that this system can export is at I_max1=I_ref
K-1Near, system entered for the 4th step;
The 4th step: to given value of current value Iref
KIncrease output current microvariations amount Δ I_small, i.e. an Iref
K=Iref
K-1+ Δ I_small * DirFlag entered for the 5th step;
The 5th step: if Δ P＞ε illustrates that output power is to become large, K+1 given value of current value constantly can also increase, and tracking direction is constant, and DirFlag=1 makes K=K+1, returns to for the 4th step; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, illustrate that output power diminishes, K+I given value of current value constantly need to reduce, tracking direction needs oppositely to change, DirFlag=-1 makes K=K+1, returns to for the 4th step; If | Δ P|＜ε, illustrate that output power is substantially constant, K+1 given value of current value does not constantly need to change yet, do not need to continue to follow the tracks of, DirFlag=0, program withdraws from, this given value of current value Iref
KNamely the maximum current I_max that system can export.
In the present embodiment, each time interval T looks for maximum current point I_max again one time, and the scope of this time interval T is 1 minute-10 minutes, and in a kind of embodiment that is more preferably, time interval T is 5 minutes.In the present embodiment, K is 50ms to 200ms with the K+1 time interval constantly constantly.
As shown in Figure 1, when DirFlag=0, program can not withdraw from, but each time interval T looks for maximum current point I_max again one time, when not needing to seek peak power, quits a program.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention's the second preferred implementation.As seen from the figure, solar cell maximum power tracking method of the present invention comprises the steps:
The first step: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, wherein, variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output voltage U_big, output voltage microvariations amount Δ U_small, power stability scope ε, tracking direction DirFlag, voltage error minimal value ε 1, voltage error maximum value ε 2;
Second step: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount U_error of calculating current voltage loop
K=Uref
K-I
K, described Uref
KBe the output voltage set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, with current output power P
KDeduct the power P of previous moment
K-1, draw output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
The 3rd step: if | U_error
K|＜ε 1, illustrates that current loop is stable, and voltage reference can also continue to add, and gives output voltage set-point Uref
KIncrease the large disturbance quantity Δ of an output voltage U_big as K+1 voltage given value constantly, system returns to second step, if ε 1＜| U_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, and system returns to second step, if | U_error
K|＞ε 2, and the account for voltage loop is unstable, and photovoltaic cell can not be exported so large voltage, and namely voltage reference cannot continue to add, and the maximum voltage that this system can export is at U_max1=U_ref
K-1Near, system entered for the 4th step;
The 4th step: to voltage given value Uref
KIncrease output voltage microvariations amount Δ U_small, i.e. a Uref
K=Uref
K-1+ Δ U_small * DirFlag entered for the 5th step;
The 5th step: if Δ P＞ε illustrates that output power is to become large, K+1 voltage given value constantly can also increase, and tracking direction is constant, and DirFlag=1 makes K=K+1, returns to for the 4th step; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, illustrate that output power diminishes, K+1 voltage given value constantly need to reduce, tracking direction needs oppositely to change, DirFlag=-1 makes K=K+1, returns to for the 4th step; If | Δ P|＜ε, illustrate that output power is substantially constant, K+1 voltage given value does not constantly need to change yet, do not need to continue to follow the tracks of, DirFlag=0, program withdraws from, this voltage given value Uref
KNamely the maximum current U_max that system can export.
In the present embodiment, each time interval T looks for maximum voltage point U_max again one time, and the scope of this time interval T is 1 minute-10 minutes, and in a kind of embodiment that is more preferably, time interval T is 5 minutes.In the present embodiment, K is 50ms to 200ms with the K+1 time interval constantly constantly.
As shown in Figure 1, when DirFlag=0, program can not withdraw from, but each time interval T looks for maximum voltage point U_max again one time, when not needing to seek peak power, quits a program.
Control compatibility mutually with the loop of controller self when the present invention seeks the solar cell peak power by adjustment control output current or adjustment control output voltage, effectively combine external characteristics and the battery management of controller.
Control of the present invention can be passed through microprocessor DSP, and the digitizing energy supply control module that MCU, specialized simulation chip realize realizes, particular hardware comprises photovoltaic cell, DC/DC controller, accumulator, distribution system, monitoring module.
The present invention integrates front end solar cell, rear end accumulator, by digital control chip DSP, and MCU, the specialized simulation chip has realized that maximal power tracing, loop are controlled, the control of the science of battery management.
In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that do not break away from principle of the present invention and aim can be carried out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. a solar cell maximum power tracking method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, described variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output current I_big, output current microvariations amount Δ I_small, power stability scope ε, current error minimal value ε 1, current error maximum value ε 2, tracking direction DirFlag;
S2: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount I_error of the current current loop of calculating
K=Iref
K-I
K, described Iref
KBe the output current set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
S3: if | I_error
K|＜ε 1, gets Iref
K+1=Iref
K+ Δ I_big makes K=K+1, returns to step S2, if ε 1＜| I_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, return to step S2, if | I_error
K|＞ε 2, and the immediate value I_max1 of the maximum current I_max of system's output is I_max1=I_ref
K-1, system enters step S4;
S4: output current set-point Iref
K=Iref
K-1+ Δ I_small * DirFlag;
S5: if Δ P＞ε gets DirFlag=1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, get DirFlag=-1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If | Δ P|＜ε, get DirFlag=0, withdraw from.
2. solar cell maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, each time interval T looks for maximum current point I_max again one time.
3. a solar cell maximum power tracking method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1: initialization system, the initial value of setting variable, described variable comprises the large disturbance quantity Δ of output voltage U_big, output voltage microvariations amount Δ U_small, power stability scope ε, voltage error minimal value ε 1, voltage error maximum value ε 2, tracking direction DirFlag;
S2: at K constantly, detect the output voltage U of controller
KOutput current I with controller
K, the error amount U_error of calculating current voltage loop
K=Uref
K-U
K, described Uref
KBe the output voltage set-point, calculate current output power P
K=U
K* I
K, output power difference DELTA P=P
K-P
K-1
S3: if | U_error
K|＜ε 1, gets Uref
K+1=Uref
K+ Δ U_big makes K=K+1, returns to step S2, if ε 1＜| U_error
K|＜ε 2, make K=K+1, return to step S2, if | U_error
K|＞ε 2, and the immediate value U_max1 of the maximum voltage U_max of system's output is U_max1=U_ref
K-1, system enters step S4;
S4: output voltage set-point Uref
K=Uref
K-1+ Δ U_small * DirFlag;
S5: if Δ P＞ε gets DirFlag=1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If Δ P＜0 and | Δ P|＞ε, get DirFlag=-1, make K=K+1, return to step S4; If | Δ P|＜ε, get DirFlag=0, withdraw from.
4. solar cell maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, each time interval T looks for maximum voltage point U_max again one time.
5. solar cell maximum power tracking method as described in claim 2 or 4, is characterized in that, the scope of described time interval T is 1 minute-10 minutes.
6. solar cell maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described time interval T is 5 minutes.
7. solar cell maximum power tracking method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described K is 50ms to 200ms with the K+1 time interval constantly constantly.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103929054A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-07-16 | 张家港智电柔性输配电技术研究所有限公司 | Soft starting method for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN104393638A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-04 | 厦门拓宝科技有限公司 | Method and system for realizing optimal value of charging current of storage battery in off-network charging system |
| CN106340879A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-18 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Novel single-phase parallel type active power filter |
| CN112240952A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-01-19 | 北京新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | Power testing method, system, computer device and storage medium |
| CN113291173A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-24 | 西安特锐德智能充电科技有限公司 | Charging device, method and system |
| DE102022213355A1 (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for regulating a current of an electrical energy storage system, electrical energy storage system and device |
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| DE102022213355A1 (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for regulating a current of an electrical energy storage system, electrical energy storage system and device |
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