CN103172413A - High-quality golden mushroom culture medium production method by combined treatment of kitchen waste and corncob particles as main raw materials - Google Patents
High-quality golden mushroom culture medium production method by combined treatment of kitchen waste and corncob particles as main raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN103172413A CN103172413A CN2011104431402A CN201110443140A CN103172413A CN 103172413 A CN103172413 A CN 103172413A CN 2011104431402 A CN2011104431402 A CN 2011104431402A CN 201110443140 A CN201110443140 A CN 201110443140A CN 103172413 A CN103172413 A CN 103172413A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-quality golden mushroom culture medium production method by combined treatment of kitchen wastes and corncob particles as main raw materials, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural production and can be applied to the production of a golden mushroom culture medium. The kitchen wastes are mixed with corncob particles and crushed to 2mm-5mm particles, and then the particles are subjected to aerobic fermentation by a special microbial population, biological drying treatment, high-temperature drying process, adding of fresh corncob particles, and supplementing of nutrients, so as to produce the high-quality golden mushroom culture medium. The kitchen wastes are applied to the production of the golden mushroom, so that the problems of the traditional kitchen waste process way that the utilization rate of high nutrient organic matters is not high and the process way is not proper, resulting into environmental pollution hidden trouble are solved, and the production method has very high practical value.
Description
Technical field
This patent is a kind of technology for production high-quality culture medium for golden mushroom in field of agricultural production technologies, belongs to the Edible Fungi technology category in agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Needle mushroom formal name used at school hair handle money bacterium claims again the little fiery mushroom of hair handle, structure bacterium, plain mushroom, dried mushroom, plain wild rice, freezes bacterium, golden mushroom, intelligence mushroom etc., and English is: " Enoki Mushroom ", vegetable formal name are Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing.Because its stem is elongated, like Flos Hemerocallis, therefore claim needle mushroom, belong to the white mushroom of Agaricales section genus flammulina, be a kind of bacterium algae lichens fungi, be one of current China edible mushrooms Main Cultivars, national annual production in 2010 is over 4,000,000 tons.
Culture medium for golden mushroom is the growth of confession under directions golden mushroom silk and forms the required nutraceutical matrix of sporophore, due to needle mushroom its decompose xylogen ability a little less than, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is had relatively high expectations (30: 1-35: 1), therefore in the layoutprocedure of substratum, need the appropriate content that strengthens Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, nitrogen-free extract and protein, should not use the higher raw material of xylogen.
Corn cob is to make through strict screening with the broken processing of corn ear again, has the advantages such as homogeneous microstructure, hardness are suitable, good toughness, water-absorbent is strong, wear resisting property is good, in use is difficult for fragmentation.After testing, dried corn cob moisture content 8.7%, organic matter 91.3%, wherein crude protein 2.0%, crude fat 0.7%, robust fibre 28.2%, soluble-carbohydrate 58.4%, coarse ash 2.0%, calcium 0.1%, phosphorus 0.08%.Its principal feature is that water-soluble carbohydrate content is high, and the crude protein crude fat content is low, and being applied to needs to add the nutritive substance of high-protein high-fat in needle mushroom production.
Changing food waste refers to food waste and the food residues of family, school, machine-operated canteen and catering industry, it is the chief component of domestic waste, proportion Beijing 37% in municipal wastes, Tianjin 54%, Shanghai 59%, Shenyang 62%, Shenzhen 57%, Guangzhou 57%, Jinan 41%.Compare with Other Waste, have water content, organic content, fat content and a salt content high, the characteristics such as nutritive element is abundant have very large recycling and are worth.
In the past, the feed that changing food waste is raised pigs mainly as Outskirts of City due to its source more complicated, very likely caused pathophoresis, was now prohibited by government.And in daily life, the resident sneaks into changing food waste in domestic refuse usually, delivers to garbage collection points by plastics bag, makes the composition of domestic waste and characteristic that variation occur.Changing food waste deposit, collect, in transhipment and garbage loading embeading process, due to its water ratio and organic content higher, very easily rot within a short period of time smelly and grow mosquitos and flies etc., greatly polluted surrounding environment.In addition, burning is arranged the method for disposal of food wastes usually and fertilizer produced by landfill, compost and anaerobically fermenting is produced four kinds of biogas, but all have the defective of each side:
Burning disposal: if domestic waste is burned, due to the moisture content of changing food waste usually up to 90% left and right, thermal value is 2100kj/kg, burn together with other rubbish, the thermal value that not only can not satisfy waste incineration and generating electricity requires (being more than 5000kj/kg), can cause on the contrary incinerator to burn insufficient and produce dioxin.
Landfill disposal: if domestic refuse is carried out landfill, can should not process because the changing food waste moisture content of sneaking into is high equally.
Fertilizer is processed: because saltiness in changing food waste is higher, therefore produce fertilizer by compost, be applied in soil, may produce the hidden danger of salting of soil, and owing to being mixed with the objects such as wooden chopsticks, plastics soup ladle, glass cullet in changing food waste, must process through sorting before fertilizer is processed, otherwise be applied in the farmland, must cause soil pollution.
Anaerobically fermenting is produced biogas: with producing biogas from kitchen wastes by anaerobic fermentation, its product is methane, carbonic acid gas and water, its abundant organic composition is not utilized, compare with the production culture medium of edible fungus, aspect the recycle of resource, there is no advantage (the useless bacterium bag after Edible Fungi can be applicable to biogas production equally).
And burning, landfill, compost and four kinds for the treatment of measures of anaerobically fermenting production biogas, in fact also exist waste large amount of organic and the not high problem of high nutrition organism utility value.
Changing food waste and corn cob are produced the flat mushroom substratum by combined pretreatment, have following advantage;
1. take full advantage of the organotrophy in changing food waste, product is the higher needle mushroom fresh goods of nutritive value, economic worth and the organic useless bacterium bag that can continue recycle.
2. ferment by biology aerobic and mode processing mode that physics oven dry combines, simple efficient, whole Production Flow Chart temperature is 60-100 degree centigrade, can effectively kill pathogenic bacterium and the objectionable impurities of degrading, product end of a period moisture＜12%, and the shelf time effectively increases.
3. after changing food waste and corn cob reason, its product saltiness is 1.58%, and Growth of Flammulina Velutipes is had active effect (replenishing mineral salt and pre-antiforeign bacteria).
4. the objects such as the wooden chopsticks in changing food waste, plastics soup ladle, glass cullet only need pass through simple pulverization process, and Growth of Flammulina Velutipes without negative impact, is had promoter action to the substratum ventilation property.
5. corn cob is applied to the nutritive substance that the needle mushroom need of production adds high-energy high protein, and changing food waste such desirable material just.
6. the changing food waste of high-moisture (90% water content) with after the corn cob of high-hydroscopicity mixes, can significantly reduce water content, is easy to fermentation and pulverization process.
7. changing food waste mixes aftertreatment according to a certain percentage with corn cob, and its carbon-nitrogen ratio and physical behavior all can reach the standard of good culture medium for golden mushroom.
Summary of the invention
the present invention is by mixing changing food waste with corn cob coarse particles (10mm), blending ratio is 1: 1-1: 1.2 (determining according to changing food waste water content and quality), be crushed to the 2mm-5mm particle after mixing, adjust moisture to 60%, adjust the pH value to neutral, access is carried out aerobic fermentation through the specified microorganisms population (thermoactinomyces etc.) of screening, fermentation time is that 1-3 is about week, sample detecting during this time, adjust stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio to 35 according to detected result: 1-32: 1 (siccative meter), be covered with the actinomyces albus mycelia to the surface in fermentation, odorless has aromatising flavour, indoor through biological drying device or biological drying, the biological drying method that adopts forced ventilation to combine with biological respinse heat, reduce below material moisture to 30%, adopt subsequently the method for hyperthermia drying sterilising treatment, culture material moisture is reduced to below 12%.
simultaneously due to raw material in aerobic fermentation and drying course, the soluble-carbohydrate that Growth of Flammulina Velutipes is required and some micro-loss are excessive, so the changing food waste after the process hyperthermia drying-corn cob mixing raw material, need according to the Growth of Flammulina Velutipes characteristics, add fresh unfermentable corn cob granule and trace element replenisher (mineral elements such as group vitamins and magnesium potassium) after pulverizing, the end product leading indicator is: crude protein 10%, robust fibre 30% (content of lignin＜15%), nitrogen-free extract＞40%, coarse ash＜5%, moisture＜12%, it is required that every VITAMIN and mineral salts reach the needle mushroom growth, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 35: 1.
Embodiment
1. changing food waste and corn cob pre-treatment
1) measure the food garbage water content, determine corn cob blending ratio (after mixing, moisture is 60%) according to water content
2) mixed food garbage and corn cob are crushed to the 2mm-5mm particle through wet-material disintegrator.
3) admix lime water, adjust stockpile pH to 6.5-7.5.
2. aerobic fermentation is processed
1) will pile through pretreated raw material the stockpile of 60cm-90cm, microbial starter culture (thermoactinomyces group etc.) after the access screening carries out aerobic fermentation, determine the turning time according to the stockpile heat-up rate, after stockpile is warming up to 65 degrees centigrade, keep after 24 hours turning once, whole fermentation period keeps the stockpile medial temperature to be not less than 60 degrees centigrade, measures weekly raw material moisture and detects the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio.
2) according to the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio, add the organic nitrogen sources such as corn cob granule or interpolation urea, adjust the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio 35: 1-32: between 1.
3) at fermentation 1-3 after week, the stockpile surface is covered with the actinomyces albus mycelia, and odorless has aromatising flavour, and aerobic fermentation stops
3. biological drying is processed
Raw material with after by fermentation is placed in tubular biological drying device or biological drying indoor, passes into recirculated air and carries out drying, and the treatment time is 3 days-4 days, and the end of a period material is masked as moisture and is down to below 30%.
4. hyperthermia drying is processed
Through the raw material that biological drying is processed, through the roller dryer hyperthermia drying, oven dry ends and is masked as moisture＜10%.
5. interpolation nutritious supplementary
Detect raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio and Trace Elements, according to detected result, add fresh corn slug particle 20%-30%, nutritious supplementary: vitamin B complex 0.1%-0.2%, gypsum 1%-2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%-1%, sal epsom 0.1%-0.2%.The end product leading indicator is: crude protein 10%, and robust fibre 30% (xylogen letter amount＜10%), nitrogen-free extract＞40%, coarse ash＜5%, moisture＜12%, it is required that every VITAMIN and mineral salts reach Growth of Flammulina Velutipes, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 35: 1.
6. finished product packing
After inspection after construction is qualified, rear warehouse-in in the woven bag of packing into as requested.
Claims (3)
1. claimed changing food waste use in culture medium for golden mushroom as raw material is characterized in that: with the changing food waste use in culture medium for golden mushroom after pretreatment.
2. claimed changing food waste and corn cob two class raw materials are made preparation method and the treatment process in culture medium for golden mushroom, it is characterized in that:
1) mix with corn cob coarse particles (10mm), blending ratio is 1: 1-1: 1.2 (determining according to changing food waste water content and quality), be crushed to the 2mm-5mm particle after mixing, and adjust moisture to 60%, adjust the pH value to neutral
2) access is carried out aerobic fermentation through the specified microorganisms population (thermoactinomyces etc.) of screening, fermentation time is that 1-3 is about week, sample detecting during this time, adjust stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio to 35 according to detected result: 1-32: 1 (siccative meter), be covered with the actinomyces albus mycelia to the surface in fermentation, odorless has aromatising flavour.
3) indoor through biological drying device or biological drying, as to adopt forced ventilation to combine with biological respinse heat biological drying method reduces below material moisture to 30%.
4) adopt the method for hyperthermia drying sterilising treatment, culture material moisture is reduced to below 12%.
3. claimed changing food waste and corn cob two class raw materials nutritive element kind and the adding proportion of making required interpolation after treatment in culture medium for golden mushroom is characterized in that:
1) corn cob granule 20%-30%, nutritious supplementary: vitamin B complex 0.1%-0.2%, gypsum 1%-2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%-1%, sal epsom 0.1%-0.2%.
2) owner wants index to be: crude protein 10%, and robust fibre 30% (content of lignin＜10%), nitrogen-free extract＞40%, coarse ash＜5%, moisture＜12%, it is required that every VITAMIN and mineral salts reach Growth of Flammulina Velutipes, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 35: 1.
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| CN2011104431402A CN103172413A (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | High-quality golden mushroom culture medium production method by combined treatment of kitchen waste and corncob particles as main raw materials |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103708971A (en) * | 2013-12-28 | 2014-04-09 | 天津北洋百川生物技术有限公司 | Method for making mushroom culture medium by using kitchen waste and grape branches as main materials |
| CN106147813A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 福建正仁环保有限公司 | One way of life refuse pyrolysis gasification combustible gas is used for shale sintered brick technique |
| CN106518333A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 河北绿碳生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of anticorrosive granular organic fertilizer by using kitchen waste as raw material |
-
2011
- 2011-12-22 CN CN2011104431402A patent/CN103172413A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103708971A (en) * | 2013-12-28 | 2014-04-09 | 天津北洋百川生物技术有限公司 | Method for making mushroom culture medium by using kitchen waste and grape branches as main materials |
| CN103708971B (en) * | 2013-12-28 | 2015-11-18 | 天津北洋百川生物技术有限公司 | A kind of is the method that major ingredient makes mushroom culture medium with changing food waste and grape branch |
| CN106147813A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 福建正仁环保有限公司 | One way of life refuse pyrolysis gasification combustible gas is used for shale sintered brick technique |
| CN106518333A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 河北绿碳生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of anticorrosive granular organic fertilizer by using kitchen waste as raw material |
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Application publication date: 20130626 |