CN103169955A - 一种用于防治鸡热应激的中草药合剂 - Google Patents
一种用于防治鸡热应激的中草药合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103169955A CN103169955A CN2012101908363A CN201210190836A CN103169955A CN 103169955 A CN103169955 A CN 103169955A CN 2012101908363 A CN2012101908363 A CN 2012101908363A CN 201210190836 A CN201210190836 A CN 201210190836A CN 103169955 A CN103169955 A CN 103169955A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治鸡热应激的中草药组合物，包含如下重量份数的组分：黄芩200-250份，白术100-150份，鸭跖草100-150份，龙胆草60-80份，蔓荆子60-80份，车前草60-80份，酸枣仁40-60份，复合酶制剂1-2份，维生素C 1-2份。本发明还公开了该中药组合物的口服液制备方法。本发明以中药方剂配以复合酶制剂和维生素C防治鸡由于环境高温引起的热应激。经临床疗效实验证明用本产品有效的防治了鸡由于热应激引起的食欲不振、免疫力低下、生产性能降低。不会产生抗药性，鸡只服用后无残留，可以有效地保证肉品和鸡蛋的安全问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于禽用中药组合物，尤其涉及一种用于防治鸡热应激的中草药合剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
热应激(Heat Stress)是指在高环境温度中的机体对热环境所做的非特异性的生理反应的总和。非特异性生理反应包括：呼吸运动加快，二氧化碳排除增加，呼吸性碱中毒；心力衰竭、脑充血、肺水肿、缺氧等；体内氧化代谢增加，过氧化物增加，膜系统损伤；加强甲状腺和肾上腺的功能，物质代谢加快，免疫力减低；水和电解质平衡紊乱，排尿增加，离子丢失增加。鸡只受到热应激影响引起采食量下降，体重减轻，免疫力降低。其严重影响到鸡只的抗病能力及生产性能，畜牧养殖业受到了很大的经济损失。
目前防治畜禽热应激的专利文献包括以下几种：中药散剂合剂，中药和氨基酸的复方制剂，中药和维生素的饲料添加剂，化药饲料添加剂，化药和维生素的饲料添加剂，氨基酸饲料添加剂，矿物质、电解质微量元素、氨基酸、复合酶制剂及维生素的饲料添加剂，中药提取物和微量元素的饲料添加剂等。
我国中草药资源丰富，价格低廉，疗效确切，已得到大众的认可。其既不存在安全隐患和残留的问题也发挥了本土的优势。而复合酶制剂能促进机体代谢并清除自由基，改善饲料的利用率和动物生产性能。维生素C能降低机体毛细血管通透性，增强机体抗病力，减轻肝细胞脂肪变性，减少死亡率。高温下使机体的代谢和产热不致过高，增强机体对高温的适应力，有利于鸡只的发育生长。本方将中药、复合酶制剂和维生素C组合形成液体口服制剂，在防治鸡热应激方面有显著的疗效。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术上的不足，为养殖业提供一种疗效突出、无残留、无毒副作用、无耐药性，用于防治鸡热应激的中药合剂及制备方法。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：一种用于防治鸡热应激的中药合剂，其特征是：由下列药物组成，按重量份数计(份)
黄芩200-250份、白术100-150份、鸭跖草100-150份、龙胆草60-80份、蔓荆子60-80份、车前草60-80份、酸枣仁40-60份、复合酶制剂1-2份、维生素C1-2份。
上述中药合剂的制备方法，其特征是：按以下步骤进行：
(1)按重量份数称取黄芩、白术、鸭跖草、龙胆草、蔓荆子、车前草、酸枣仁为原料，
(2)加10倍量水浸润0.5小时后，提取三次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩至原药物1倍数量，
(3)加乙醇使含醇量50％，冷藏静置24小时，取上清液滤过，回收乙醇，浓缩，滤过，
(4)滤液加苯甲酸钠，搅拌使溶解，
(5)加水定容，搅匀，加复合酶制剂及维生素C，
(6)滤过，即得。
上述组分药物均为市售品，符合《中国兽药典》的相关规定。
本发明的中药部分组方原理：
黄芩：苦，寒。归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经。具有清热燥湿，泻火解毒，止血，安胎，降血压。用于湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶，湿热痞满，泻痢，黄疸，肺热咳嗽，高热烦渴，血热吐衄，痈肿疮毒，胎动不安。主要化学成分有黄芩素，黄芩新素，即黄芩黄酮II，黄芩甙，汉黄芩素，汉黄芩甙，木蝴蝶素A，7-甲氧基黄芩素等。药理作用为对多种菌有抑制作用；可以降低毛细血管的通透性；还可以解热、降压、镇静、保肝、利胆、抑制肠管蠕动、降血脂、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等作用。
白术：味苦、甘，性温，归脾、胃经。具有补脾健胃，燥湿利水，安胎，止汗之功。常用于治疗脾虚泄泻、肚胀、水肿，虚汗，胎动不安等。白术主要化学成分为挥发油、内酯类成分、氨基酸等。现代药理研究表明：白术可刺激小鼠抗体的产生，使抗体分泌量增加，提高淋巴细胞转化和巨噬细胞吞噬率，能明显增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能。又有文献报道，白术多糖能刺激免疫器官的生长发育，提高早期断奶仔猪的红细胞数量，提高血清IgG，IgM水平。
鸭跖草：甘，寒，淡。入心，肝、脾、肾、大小肠诸经。清热泻火，解毒，利水消肿。主要应用于风热感冒，高热烦渴，咽喉肿痛，痈疮疔毒，水肿尿少，热淋涩痛等。化学成分为全草含左旋-黑麦草内酯，无羁萜，β-谷甾醇。对-羟基桂皮酸，胡萝卜甙和D-甘露醇及正三十烷醇。地上部分含生物碱：1-甲氧羰基-β-咔啉，哈尔满及去甲哈尔满。
龙胆草：味苦，性寒。归肝、胆经。功能主治清热燥湿、泻肝定惊、湿热黄疸、小便淋痛、阴肿阴痒、湿热带下、肝胆实火之头胀头痛、目赤肿痛、耳聋耳肿、胁痛口苦、热病惊风抽搐。含龙胆苦甙、獐牙菜苦甙、当药甙、三叶甙、苦龙甙、四乙酰龙胆苦甙、苦樟甙；龙胆黄碱、龙胆碱、秦艽乙素、秦艽丙素、龙胆三糖、β-谷甾醇等。现代药理作用为健胃，临床上可用于消化不良、食欲不振及消化液缺乏；抗菌抗炎；利胆保肝的功效。
蔓荆子：辛、苦，微寒。归膀胱、肝、胃经。常用于治疗风热感冒，头昏头痛，目赤肿痛，耳鸣耳聋。蔓荆子主要化学成分为茨烯、蒎烯，并含蔓荆子黄素、脂肪油、生物碱和维生素A等。蔓荆子有一定的镇静、止痛、退热作用。蔓荆子黄素有抗菌、抗病毒作用。
车前草：甘，淡，性微寒。归肺经，肝经，肾经，膀胱经。清热利尿；渗湿止泻；明目；祛痰。车前种子含月桃叶珊瑚甙，车前粘多糖，消旋-车前子甙，都桷子甙酸，车前子酸，琥珀酸，腺嘌呤，胆碱及10.43％的脂肪油，β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。
酸枣仁：甘，平。归心经，脾经，肝经，胆经。养肝，宁心，安神，敛汗。治虚烦不眠，惊悸怔忡，烦渴，虚汗。含多种生物碱，黄酮类，三萜类，多种氨基酸，阿魏酸，维生素C及植物甾醇，环磷酸腺苷。
有益效果：本中药组方是基于中兽医学对鸡热应激的发病机理的认知和治疗原则，根据鸡只热应激的发病机理，结合中兽医的组方经验和配伍原则，各味药共同起到清热去火，益气散湿，健胃消食和提高免疫的作用。同时还解决了单一组方的不足，加以复方酶制剂和维生素C，使得抗热应激的效果更明显，更高效。本组方价格低廉、取材方便、优势互补，不会产生抗药性，无残留，有效的保障了肉蛋产品的食用安全问题。
具体实施方式
以下结合较佳实施例，对依据本发明提供的具体实施方式详述如下：
实施例1
黄芩200g，白术100g，鸭跖草100g，龙胆草60g，蔓荆子60g，车前草60g，酸枣仁40g，复合酶制剂1g，维生素C1g。按重量份数称取原料，加6220ml水浸润0.5小时后，提取三次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩，加乙醇使含醇量50％，冷藏静置24小时，取上清液滤过，回收乙醇，浓缩，滤过终体积达到622ml，滤液加苯甲酸钠，搅拌使溶解，加水定容，搅匀，加复合酶制剂及维生素C，滤过，即得。
实施例2
黄芩230g，白术130g，鸭跖草130g，龙胆草80g，蔓荆子80g，车前草80g，酸枣仁60g，复合酶制剂2g，维生素C 2g。按重量份数称取原料，加7940ml水浸润0.5小时后，提取三次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩，加乙醇使含醇量50％，冷藏静置24小时，取上清液滤过，回收乙醇，浓缩，滤过至终体积为794ml，滤液加苯甲酸钠，搅拌使溶解，加水定容，搅匀，加复合酶制剂及维生素C，滤过，即得。
实施例3
黄芩240g，白术140g，鸭跖草140g，龙胆草65g，蔓荆子70g，车前草70g，酸枣仁50g，复合酶制剂1.5g，维生素C1.5g。按重量份数称取原料，加7780ml水浸润0.5小时后，提取三次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩，加乙醇使含醇量50％，冷藏静置24小时，取上清液滤过，回收乙醇，浓缩，滤过至终体积为778ml，滤液加苯甲酸钠，搅拌使溶解，加水定容，搅匀，加复合酶制剂及维生素C，滤过，即得。
使用时，混饮：每1L水，加本品2-4ml，连用3-5天。
临床试验：
实验例1
河北养殖户刘某饲养的28日龄肉鸡，因夏季高温引起呼吸困难，采食量下降，体重增长减缓，饮水增加，鸡冠发绀，体温平均超过45℃。经兽医诊断为热应激引起。使用该发明按照每1L水加入药物4ml的比例，混饮，同时加强饲养管理，注意鸡舍通风排气，2天后病情得到控制。采食量恢复病前水平，体温正常。
实验例2
山西某蛋鸡场养殖蛋鸡3000只，鸡群处于产蛋高峰期，由于夏季高温，造成精神萎靡，饮水增加，鸡冠发绀，体温升高，采食量下降，产蛋率下降且软壳蛋和破蛋率明显增加，兽医诊断为热应激引起。使用该发明按照每1L水加入药物4ml的比例，混饮，同时加强饲养管理，注意鸡舍通风排气，4天后病情得到控制。采食量恢复病前水平，体温下降，产蛋率恢复正常。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于防治鸡热应激的中草药合剂，其特征是：由下列药物组成，按重量份数计(份)：黄芩200-250份、白术100-150份、鸭跖草100-150份、龙胆草60-80份、蔓荆子60-80份、车前草60-80份、酸枣仁40-60份、复合酶制剂1-2份、维生素C1-2份。
2.一种上述中草药合剂的制备方法，其特征是：按以下步骤进行：
(1)按重量份数称取黄芩、白术、鸭跖草、龙胆草、蔓荆子、车前草、酸枣仁为原料，
(2)加10倍量水浸润0.5小时后，提取三次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩，
(3)加乙醇使含醇量50％，冷藏静置24小时，取上清液滤过，回收乙醇，浓缩，滤过，
(4)滤液加苯甲酸钠，搅拌使溶解，
(5)加水定容，搅匀，加复合酶制剂及维生素C，
(6)滤过，即得。
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