CN103166442A - Device for preventing current of buck circuit from flowing reversely, converter and power supply - Google Patents
Device for preventing current of buck circuit from flowing reversely, converter and power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN103166442A CN103166442A CN2013101021068A CN201310102106A CN103166442A CN 103166442 A CN103166442 A CN 103166442A CN 2013101021068 A CN2013101021068 A CN 2013101021068A CN 201310102106 A CN201310102106 A CN 201310102106A CN 103166442 A CN103166442 A CN 103166442A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for preventing current of a buck circuit from flowing reversely, a convertor and a power supply. The method comprises the following steps of: sampling input voltage Vin of the buck circuit and a work duty ratio D of a rectification switching tube in the buck circuit, and obtaining theoretical output voltage Vin*D by using the Vin and D; comparing the theoretical output voltage and actual output voltage of the buck circuit; when the theoretical output voltage is less than the actual output voltage, controlling a follow current switching tube in the buck circuit to be turned off; and when the theoretical output voltage is more than or equal to the actual output voltage, controlling the follow current switching tube in the buck circuit to be turned on. The turn-on and turn-off condition of the follow current switching tube of the buck circuit is actually controlled, and reverse current in an output filter inductor is avoided under the condition that an output end has pre-bias when the follow current switching tube is turned on in a normal turn-on and turn-off state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power technology, relate in particular to a kind of device, converter and power supply that prevents that step-down buck circuital current is reverse.
Background technology
Relative diode rectification, synchronous rectification has electric current two-way flow characteristic, and therefore such topological structure is all two-way topology.In non-isolated topology step-down (buck) circuit, changing the continued flow tube diode into the synchro switch pipe is also two-way topology, and in this structure, energy both can be from the power supply inlet flow to output, also can be from output stream to input.Wherein, energy is so-called current flowing backwards problem from output stream to input.Below two kinds of anti-problems of filling with of situation particularly serious: the first situation is that the input Low ESR falls, and the second situation is power supply when start, and there is pre-bias voltage in output.
In the second situation, adopt bus-powered power supply especially serious, because the total capacitance of bus load side is larger, the current flowing backwards problem occurs more easily.
For the problems referred to above, common solution has two kinds, and a kind of is adduction road (ORING), although such load isolation, but can sacrifice efficient, and still can't solve the current flowing backwards problem of self.Another kind is to add delay control circuit.In buck circuit as shown in Figure 1,120 is the virtual voltage output of buck circuit, and before the buck circuit start, output 120 is with pre-bias voltage.During the buck circuit working, pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) controller sends the switch controlling signal of one group of complementation, controls respectively rectifier switch pipe 106 and continued flow switch pipe Q13 alternate conduction.In buck circuit start process, control the duty ratio of rectifier switch pipe 106, ascending expansion gradually, therefore, the ON time of continued flow switch pipe Q13 is maximum in initial condition, while is because there is pre-bias voltage in output 120, so the electric current on output inductor is reverse, has formed the current flowing backwards problem that so-called output flows to input.By increasing delay control circuit, default fixing delay time is controlled the driving of continued flow switch pipe Q3 grid when the buck circuit start, make continued flow switch pipe Q3 just enter normal switch working state by the time-delay of a period of time, avoided the conducting of continued flow switch pipe Q3, make during this period of time and can not produce the reverse current path in output inductor, also just solved the problem of current flowing backwards.But because the pre-bias voltage size of the virtual voltage output of buck circuit is actually uncertain, the time that in the time of large, needed time-delay is controlled is short; On the contrary, want large in the time of little, therefore existing fixing delay time is difficult to take into account all situations.For example when pre-bias voltage is higher, still the long time of time-delay is controlled continued flow switch pipe Q13 and enters into normal on off state, output inductor interrupter duty (DCM) can occur and switch suddenly caused output voltage power down phenomenon to continuous operation mode (Continuous Current Mode, CCM).
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of device, converter and power supply that prevents that step-down buck circuital current is reverse, with the purpose of the on off state that reaches the continued flow switch pipe that can accurately control Q13.
First aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of reverse method of step-down buck circuital current that prevents, comprising:
The work duty ratio D of rectifier switch pipe in the input voltage vin of described buck circuit of sampling and described buck circuit, and utilize described Vin and described D, obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D;
The actual output voltage of described theoretical output voltage and described buck circuit is compared, when described theoretical output voltage during less than described actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in described buck circuit turn-offs, during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in described buck circuit when described theoretical output voltage.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents, comprising:
Weber generator, be used for the sampling input voltage vin of described buck circuit and the work duty ratio D of described buck circuit rectifier switch pipe, and utilize described Vin and described D obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D;
Control circuit, with described weber generator be connected, be used for the actual output voltage of described theoretical output voltage and described buck circuit is compared, when described theoretical output voltage during less than described actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in described buck circuit turn-offs, during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in described buck circuit when described theoretical output voltage.
In conjunction with second aspect, in the possible implementation of the first of second aspect, described control circuit comprises:
Voltage comparator circuit, with described weber generator be connected, be used for more described theoretical output voltage and described actual output voltage, and export control signal according to comparative result;
Drive circuit is connected with described voltage comparator circuit, is used for driving according to the control signal of described voltage comparator circuit output shutoff or the conducting of the continued flow switch pipe of described buck circuit.
In conjunction with the possible implementation of the first of second aspect, in the possible implementation of the second of second aspect, described voltage comparator circuit is comparator.
In conjunction with the possible implementation of the second of second aspect, in the third possible implementation of second aspect, also comprise: the return difference regulating resistance that is connected with described comparator.
First any one possible implementation to the third possible implementation in conjunction with second aspect or second aspect in the 4th kind of possible implementation of second aspect, also comprises:
The actual output voltage sample circuit is connected with described control circuit, is used for the actual output voltage of described buck circuit is sampled.
In conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation of second aspect, in the 5th kind of possible implementation of second aspect, described actual output voltage sample circuit is the divider resistance circuit.
In conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation of second aspect, in the 6th kind of possible implementation of second aspect, also comprise the output voltage biasing resistor that is connected with described actual output voltage sample circuit.
The third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of power pack with pre-bias voltage, comprise the described reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents of step-down buck circuit and above-mentioned any one, describedly prevent that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current is connected with described buck circuit.
Fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of supply unit, comprise the described reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents of step-down buck circuit and above-mentioned any one, describedly prevent that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current is connected with described buck circuit.
above-described embodiment provides prevents the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current, converter and power supply, by obtaining the theoretical output voltage of buck circuit, and the actual output voltage of just theoretical output voltage and buck circuit compares, when theoretical output voltage during less than actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in the buck circuit turn-offs, when described theoretical output voltage during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in the buck circuit, controlled exactly the switch shape of the continued flow switch pipe of buck circuit, realized existing in the prebias situation at output, when continued flow switch pipe normal switch state is opened, in output inductor without reverse irrigated current.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, during the below will describe embodiment, the accompanying drawing of required use is briefly introduced, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic that prevents that electric current from pouring in down a chimney of the prior art;
Fig. 2 prevents the reverse method flow diagram of step-down buck circuital current for what one embodiment of the invention provided;
The structural representation that prevents the device that step-down buck circuital current is reverse that Fig. 3 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 realizes preventing for the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents that another embodiment of the present invention provides the basic principle block diagram that electric current is reverse;
The oscillogram that Fig. 5 does not sample and pours in down a chimney the actual output voltage of generation due to electric current when starting with the prebias output voltage in the situation of the scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides for the buck circuit;
Fig. 6 for the scheme that provides of the sampling embodiment of the present invention after the oscillogram of buck circuit band prebias output voltage actual output voltage when starting;
The application circuit that prevents the device that step-down buck circuital current is reverse that Fig. 7 provides for another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 prevents for what another embodiment of the present invention provided the application circuit of device in isolated topology that step-down buck circuital current is reverse.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making all other embodiment that obtain under the creative work prerequisite.
Fig. 2 prevents the reverse method flow diagram of step-down buck circuital current for what one embodiment of the invention provided.As shown in Figure 2, suppose that the output of a certain buck circuit has pre-bias voltage, prevent that the reverse method of this buck circuital current from comprising:
The work duty ratio D of rectifier switch pipe in the input voltage vin of step 21, this buck circuit of sampling and this buck circuit, and utilize Vin and D, obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D.For example can adopt the weber generator work duty ratio D of rectifier switch pipe in the input voltage vin of this buck circuit and this buck circuit that samples, and utilize Vin and D, obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D.
method shown in the present embodiment is by obtaining the theoretical output voltage of buck circuit, and the actual output voltage of just theoretical output voltage and buck circuit compares, when theoretical output voltage during less than actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in the buck circuit turn-offs, when described theoretical output voltage during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in the buck circuit, controlled exactly the switch shape of the continued flow switch pipe of buck circuit, realized existing in the prebias situation at output, when continued flow switch pipe normal switch state is opened, in output inductor without reverse irrigated current.
The structural representation that prevents the device that step-down buck circuital current is reverse that Fig. 3 provides for another embodiment of the present invention.Device shown in the present embodiment is used for realizing the method that provides embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, and as shown in Figure 3, this device comprises: weber generator 31 and control circuit 32.
The output of supposing a certain buck circuit has pre-bias voltage, prevent in the reverse device of buck circuital current, weber, generator 31 was for the input voltage vin of this buck circuit of sampling and the work duty ratio D of this buck circuit rectifier switch pipe, and utilize Vin and D, obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D;
Further, control circuit 32 can comprise: voltage comparator circuit and drive circuit.
Wherein, voltage comparator circuit with weber generator 31 be connected, be used for relatively above-mentioned theory output voltage and above-mentioned actual output voltage, and export control signal according to comparative result.
Drive circuit is connected with voltage comparator circuit, is used for driving according to the control signal of voltage comparator circuit output shutoff or the conducting of the continued flow switch pipe of this buck circuit.
Further, voltage comparator circuit can be comparator.
Further, prevent that the reverse device of buck circuital current from also can comprise: the return difference regulating resistance that is connected with comparator.
Further, prevent that the reverse device of buck circuital current from also can comprise: the actual output voltage sample circuit, this actual output voltage sample circuit is connected with above-mentioned control circuit 32, is used for the actual output voltage of this buck circuit is sampled.
Further, the actual output voltage sample circuit can be the divider resistance circuit.
Further, prevent that the reverse device of buck circuital current from also can comprise the output voltage biasing resistor that is connected with the actual output voltage sample circuit, take the initial output state that guarantees comparator as low level.
device shown in the present embodiment by weber generator obtain the theoretical output voltage of buck circuit, and compare by the actual output voltage of the just theoretical output voltage of control circuit and buck circuit, when theoretical output voltage during less than actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in the buck circuit turn-offs, when described theoretical output voltage during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in the buck circuit, controlled exactly the switch shape of the continued flow switch pipe of buck circuit, realized existing in the prebias situation at output, when continued flow switch pipe normal switch state is opened, in output inductor without reverse irrigated current.
Fig. 4 realizes preventing for the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents that another embodiment of the present invention provides the basic principle block diagram that electric current is reverse.In the present embodiment, control circuit is comparator 42.
Prevent in the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current, the work duty ratio of rectifier switch pipe 106 in the input voltage vin of weber generator 41 sampling power supplys and buck circuit, and calculate Vin * D long-pending of output this moment.The 104th, the pwm signal of control rectifier switch pipe 106, the 112nd, the pwm signal of control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q13 grid, the 118th, inductance.
Be in continuous current mode pattern (Continuous Current Mode, CCM) lower time, buck Circuit theory output voltage V o=Vin * D at the buck circuit.
During due to the buck circuit start, pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) controller 102 is controlled the ascending expansion gradually of duty ratio of rectifier switch pipe, namely when the buck circuit was started working, the D value was 0, along with the time increase of work, the D value becomes gradually greatly to certain certain value, and input voltage vin is constant, and therefore, buck Circuit theory output voltage V o becomes large to fixing output valve gradually since 0.And the buck circuit is owing to there being pre-bias voltage, therefore, the initial value of its actual output voltage V out is the pre-bias voltage value, in the process of buck circuit start, pour in down a chimney if there is electric current, the waveform of buck circuit actual output voltage Vout120 as shown in Figure 5, before reaching normal output voltage, pours in down a chimney the situation that unexpected reduction occurs because of electric current.
In the process of buck circuit actual output voltage Vout120 less than pre-bias voltage (Vo＜Vout), in this process, if open the continued flow switch pipe of buck circuit, will there be reverse reverse irrigated current in output inductor, situation shown in Figure 5 occurs, therefore, in this process, turn-off the continued flow switch pipe, with regard to having solved the problem that electric current as shown in Figure 5 pours in down a chimney, make the waveform of Vout as shown in Figure 6.As Vo 〉=during Vout, can there be reverse reverse irrigated current in output inductor, opens the continued flow switch pipe of buck circuit this moment.
In the present embodiment, prevent that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current from comparing the size of Vin * D and Vout by comparator 42, the pwm signal 112 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q13 grid is controlled in output, control the moment of the continued flow switch pipe normal switch state unlatching of buck circuit, exist in the pre-bias voltage situation in the output of buck circuit, realize starting without reverse irrigated current.
The application circuit that prevents the device that step-down buck circuital current is reverse that Fig. 7 provides for another embodiment of the present invention.
In the Buck circuit, HS_DRV is the control signal of rectifier switch pipe Q1, LS_DRV is the control signal of continued flow switch pipe Q2, COMP is the regulating error signal, by the regulating error circuit by sampling actual output voltage Vout and with reference voltage Vref compare wait processing after, output error conditioning signal COMP is so that the PWM controller is according to regulating error signal COMP output HS_DRV and LS_DRV.
In the present embodiment, weber generator comprise resistance R 3, R2 and filter capacitor C3 and switching tube Q3.Q3 is operated on off state, and its turn-on and turn-off are synchronizeed with the rectifier switch pipe Q1 in the buck circuit, i.e. during Q1 conducting, and the Q3 cut-off; Otherwise during the Q1 cut-off, the Q3 conducting.Input voltage vin, be theoretical output voltage V o=Vin * D through resistance R 2, the filtered average voltage size of capacitor C 3 like this, and wherein, D is the conducting duty ratio of rectifier switch pipe Q1.
Voltage comparator circuit comprises comparator U2B.The end of comparator U2B is by divider resistance R4 and R9, sampling actual output voltage Vout, the other end is by the theoretical output voltage V o of the weber generator sampling buck circuit of input voltage, by the size of more theoretical output voltage V o and actual output voltage Vout, control the driver output with door U1.Particularly, as Vin * D〉during Vout, comparator U2B output switching activity is high, is input to and door U1, the synchronous rectification of continued flow switch pipe Q2 drives LS_DRV, through outputing to driver with door U1, makes Q2 work in the normal switch state.Otherwise when Vin * D＜Vout, comparator U2B output remains low, with door U1 output be low always, Q2 can only pass through the body diode one-way conduction, has realized the inhibition of reverse current, what namely solved electric current oppositely pours in down a chimney problem.
Further, resistance R 10 is the return difference regulating resistance of comparator U2B, has avoided comparator U2B output vibration.Resistance R 7 is the output voltage biasing resistor, guarantees that initial condition comparator U2B is output as low.
Further, prevent that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current from also comprising clamp circuit, clamp circuit comprises transistor Q4, resistance R 8, capacitor C 4 and diode VD1, guarantee that the magnitude of voltage of Vin * D is no more than the scope of permission, simultaneously when the PWM controller be buck circuit when not working without PWM output, the base stage of transistor Q4 is dragged down the Q4 conducting, the initial voltage that makes capacitor C 3 is zero, is ready to next initial condition constantly.
Fig. 8 prevents for what another embodiment of the present invention provided the application circuit of device in isolated topology that step-down buck circuital current is reverse.
In the present embodiment, prevent that the reverse operation principle of device in isolated topology of step-down buck circuital current and the operation principle in non-isolated topology such as Fig. 7 are similar, difference is, in the present embodiment, be by sampling resistor R3, get from the centre cap of output inductor L1 front end, transformer T1 for the sampling of input voltage.The sampling of actual output voltage is still the dividing potential drop by R4, R9, is input to one of voltage comparator U2B and brings in realization.The conducting of switching tube Q3 is controlled by bridge type topology secondary synchronous rectification signal SYN Q1 and SYN Q2, as long as it is low that one of driven in synchronism is controlled to be, just turn-off Q3, former limit input voltage is by the filtering of resistance R 3, R2 and capacitor C 3, and the weber integration average voltage Vin * D that just can obtain input voltage is theoretical output voltage V o.
The device that above-described embodiment provides does not rely on control loop, but directly relatively PWM output weber is theoretical output voltage and actual output voltage, be chosen in theoretical output voltage and drive start-up time more than or equal to moment of actual output voltage as synchronous rectification, obtained optimum efficiency.
The technical scheme highly versatile that above-described embodiment provides, portable strong in other words, no matter whether the PWM controller adopts the slow startup of hardware, still adopt closed loop to delay, it is realized the prebias function, prevent that current flowing backwards is without impact, as long as theoretical output voltage is more than or equal to output voltage, can enable synchronous rectification drives, make pre-biased circuit prevent the current flowing backwards function more comprehensively, fall situation for the input Low ESR, also can lead to superpotential judgement, turn-off rapidly synchronous rectification and drive, suppress current flowing backwards.
The present invention can be applied to any circuit that counnter attack and prebias requirement are arranged, as AC/DC, DC/DC etc.
It should be noted that at last: above each embodiment is not intended to limit only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to aforementioned each embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps some or all of technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. one kind prevents the reverse method of step-down buck circuital current, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The work duty ratio D of rectifier switch pipe in the input voltage vin of described buck circuit of sampling and described buck circuit, and utilize described Vin and described D, obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D;
The actual output voltage of described theoretical output voltage and described buck circuit is compared, when described theoretical output voltage during less than described actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in described buck circuit turn-offs, during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in described buck circuit when described theoretical output voltage.
2. one kind prevents the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Weber generator, be used for the sampling input voltage vin of described buck circuit and the work duty ratio D of described buck circuit rectifier switch pipe, and utilize described Vin and described D obtain theoretical output voltage V in * D;
Control circuit, with described weber generator be connected, be used for the actual output voltage of described theoretical output voltage and described buck circuit is compared, when described theoretical output voltage during less than described actual output voltage, the continued flow switch pipe of controlling in described buck circuit turn-offs, during more than or equal to described actual output voltage, control the continued flow switch pipe conducting in described buck circuit when described theoretical output voltage.
3. install according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described control circuit comprises:
Voltage comparator circuit, with described weber generator be connected, be used for more described theoretical output voltage and described actual output voltage, and export control signal according to comparative result;
Drive circuit is connected with described voltage comparator circuit, is used for driving according to the control signal of described voltage comparator circuit output shutoff or the conducting of the continued flow switch pipe of described buck circuit.
4. install according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described voltage comparator circuit is comparator.
5. install according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the return difference regulating resistance that is connected with described comparator.
6. according to claim 2-5 described devices of any one, is characterized in that, also comprises:
The actual output voltage sample circuit is connected with described control circuit, is used for the actual output voltage of described buck circuit is sampled.
7. install according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described actual output voltage sample circuit is the divider resistance circuit.
8. install according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, also comprise the output voltage biasing resistor that is connected with described actual output voltage sample circuit.
9. power pack with pre-bias voltage, it is characterized in that, comprise the described reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents of step-down buck circuit and the claims 2-8 any one, describedly prevent that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current is connected with described buck circuit.
10. a supply unit, is characterized in that, comprises the described reverse device of step-down buck circuital current that prevents of step-down buck circuit and the claims 2-8 any one, describedly prevents that the reverse device of step-down buck circuital current is connected with described buck circuit.
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