CN103166399A

CN103166399A - Modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor and its control method

Info

Publication number: CN103166399A
Application number: CN2013101091018A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张凤阁; 刘光伟; 贾广隆; 彭薇; 金石
Original assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Current assignee: Shenyang University of Technology
Priority date: 2013-03-29
Filing date: 2013-03-29
Publication date: 2013-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-29
Also published as: CN103166399B

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular single-cage barrier rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous motor. The motor is characterized in that an inner stator and an outer stator are arranged inside and outside a rotor; a three-phase symmetry armature winding and a single-phase symmetry exciting winding are arranged in slots of each stator, which are near the rotor; cage barrier rotor modules and a sleeve are combined through positioning slots to form a rotor of which inner and outer sides have salient pole types on each of the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor; a plurality of radial trapezoid-shaped slots are formed on the surface of the side of each cage barrier rotor module, which is near the stators and have multiple different step slot widths, and short circuit cage bars are arranged in the slots; a step-shaped opening is formed on a connection part of the adjacent cage barrier rotor modules; after the modules are spliced, common trapezoid-shaped slots are formed on connection parts of the spliced modules, gaps of bottoms of the slots reach the surface of the sleeve, and common cage bars are arranged in the slots; and the invention aims to provide the novel modular single-cage barrier rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous motor which is convenient to process and manufacture, can realize stator-side self excitation, and has high reliability, and the excellent steady state and dynamic performance.

Description

Modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor and its control method

技术领域：Technical field:

本发明涉及一种同步电机，特别是一种模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机。该电机既可作电动机运行，又可作发电机运行。The invention relates to a synchronous motor, in particular to a modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor. The motor can be operated as a motor or as a generator.

背景技术：Background technique:

模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机有2个定子，每个定子上都有2p极的单相对称电枢绕组和2q极的三相对称励磁绕组（或者2q极的三相对称电枢绕组和2p极的单相对称励磁绕组），且满足2p-2q≥4，两套绕组之间的耦合是由p_r=p+q对极特殊设计的转子来实现的，因此该种电机无需安装电刷滑环，即可通过励磁绕组磁场与电枢绕组磁场的相互作用实现机电能量转换，与常规同步电机相比电机运行可靠性高、维护成本低。可用于该种电机的转子结构主要包括绕线式和磁阻式两大类。其中绕线式包括单层同心式短路绕组，齿谐波双层分布绕组；磁阻类包括具有齿槽的径向叠片凸极磁阻转子、轴向叠片磁阻转子。The modular single-cage rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor has 2 stators, each stator has a single-phase symmetrical armature winding with 2p poles and a three-phase symmetrical field winding with 2q poles (or a three-phase symmetrical motor winding with 2q poles Pivot winding and single-phase symmetrical excitation winding with 2p poles), and satisfy 2p-2q≥4, the coupling between the two sets of windings is realized by a rotor specially designed for p _r =p+q poles, so this kind of motor Without installing brush slip rings, electromechanical energy conversion can be realized through the interaction between the field winding magnetic field and the armature winding magnetic field. Compared with conventional synchronous motors, the motor has high operational reliability and low maintenance costs. The rotor structures that can be used for this type of motor mainly include two types: wound type and reluctance type. The wire-wound type includes single-layer concentric short-circuit winding and tooth harmonic double-layer distributed winding; the reluctance type includes radial lamination salient pole reluctance rotor with cogging and axial lamination reluctance rotor.

绕线类转子结构的优点是制造工艺与常规电机类似，缺点是对定子两套绕组的耦合完全是以牺牲转子绕组铜耗为代价的，而且对定子两套绕组耦合能力欠佳，电机的动态性能也较差，而齿谐波双层分布绕组的工艺性欠佳。磁阻类转子的优点是转子上没有任何铜损耗，对定子两套绕组耦合能力和加工复杂程度各异。具有齿槽的径向叠片凸极磁阻转子易于加工，但对定子两套绕组的耦合效果欠佳；轴向叠片磁阻转子的耦合能力强，但制造工艺复杂，在大型定子双绕组交流电机中应用困难。此外，常规定子双绕组交流电机的控制系统受不确定性参数变化和扰动影响较大，具有抗干扰能力差等缺点。The advantage of the wound rotor structure is that the manufacturing process is similar to that of conventional motors. The disadvantage is that the coupling of the two sets of windings of the stator is completely at the expense of the copper loss of the rotor windings, and the coupling ability of the two sets of windings of the stator is not good. The performance is also poor, and the manufacturability of the tooth harmonic double-layer distributed winding is not good. The advantage of the reluctance rotor is that there is no copper loss on the rotor, and the coupling ability and processing complexity of the two sets of stator windings are different. The radial lamination salient pole reluctance rotor with cogging is easy to process, but the coupling effect on the two sets of stator windings is not good; the axial lamination reluctance rotor has strong coupling ability, but the manufacturing process is complicated. Difficult to use in AC motors. In addition, the control system of the conventional stator double-winding AC motor is greatly affected by uncertain parameter changes and disturbances, and has disadvantages such as poor anti-interference ability.

发明内容Contents of the invention

发明目的：本发明提供一种模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机及其控制方法，其目的在于提出了一种既便于加工制造，又可使得对每个定子两套绕组耦合能力实现最大化，从而具有高功率密度和优良稳态与动态性能的新型模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机结构，同时也大大提高了该种交流电机的抗扰动能力。Purpose of the invention: The present invention provides a modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor and its control method. Maximize the structure of a new modular single-cage rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor with high power density and excellent steady-state and dynamic performance, and also greatly improve the anti-disturbance ability of this kind of AC motor.

技术方案：本发明采用以下技术方案：Technical scheme: the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机，主要包括内定子、外定子、转子、可控直流电源，其特征在于：电机沿径向由内而外依次为内定子、转子、外定子，内定子通过转轴上的定位销与转轴固定在一起，其中内定子和外定子上都安放2p极的三相对称电枢绕组和2q极的单相对称励磁绕组，电枢绕组的极数和励磁绕组的极数亦可互换，且均满足2p-2q≥4；转子内外表面都采用p_r个相同的笼障转子模块沿圆周方向拼成一个每个表面都具有p_r个凸极型的转子，每个笼障转子模块靠近中心侧通过定位槽与非导磁材料制成的套筒相连；每个笼障转子模块靠近定子的表面开有多个径向梯形槽，径向梯形槽间距可以相等也可以不等，每个梯形槽沿径向具有数个不等的阶梯槽宽，每个梯形槽内放入若干根导体组成短路笼条；相邻笼障转子模块相接处为阶梯型豁口，相邻笼障转子模块拼接后在其相接处形成pr个公共梯形槽，且该槽底部的模块间隙深度一直达到套筒表面，每个公共梯形槽沿径向具有数个不等的阶梯槽宽，每个公共梯形槽内放入若干根导体组成公共笼条；公共笼条和短路笼条分别采用端部导电环连接形成导电回路；笼障转子模块中心处开有多组切向隔磁层，分别与各自两侧嵌放短路笼条的梯形槽组合形成多组径向叠片磁障，在笼障转子模块内形成多个导磁层。Modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor mainly includes an inner stator, an outer stator, a rotor, and a controllable DC power supply. The inner stator is fixed with the rotating shaft through the positioning pins on the rotating shaft. The three-phase symmetrical armature windings with 2p poles and the single-phase symmetrical excitation windings with 2q poles are placed on both the inner stator and the outer stator. The number of poles of the armature windings and the excitation The number of poles of the winding can also be interchanged, and all of them satisfy 2p-2q≥4; both the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor adopt p _r identical cage rotor modules to assemble a rotor module along the circumferential direction, and each surface has p _r salient poles For the rotor, the side of each cage rotor module close to the center is connected with a sleeve made of non-magnetic material through positioning slots; each cage rotor module has a plurality of radial trapezoidal slots on the surface close to the stator, and the radial trapezoidal slot spacing It can be equal or unequal. Each trapezoidal slot has several unequal stepped slot widths in the radial direction. Several conductors are placed in each trapezoidal slot to form a short-circuit cage bar; the junction of adjacent cage rotor modules is a ladder type gap, adjacent cage barrier rotor modules are spliced to form pr common trapezoidal slots at their junctions, and the depth of the module gap at the bottom of the slot reaches the surface of the sleeve, and each common trapezoidal slot has several different radial The width of the ladder slot is 1, and several conductors are placed in each public trapezoidal slot to form a common cage bar; the common cage bar and the short-circuit cage bar are respectively connected by end conductive rings to form a conductive loop; the center of the cage rotor module is opened with multiple sets of cut The magnetic isolation layer is combined with the trapezoidal grooves embedded with short-circuit cage bars on both sides to form multiple sets of radial laminated magnetic barriers, and multiple magnetic permeable layers are formed in the cage barrier rotor module.

电枢绕组与电网相连，励磁绕组与可控直流电源相连。The armature winding is connected to the grid, and the field winding is connected to the controllable DC power supply.

放置公共笼条和短路笼条的梯形槽的槽口处开有内豁口并嵌放槽楔；公共笼条端部链接形式可以为：端部导电环将公共梯形槽内同层的公共笼条两侧端部全部连在一起；也可以将公共梯形槽内单层公共笼条分成两部分，两部分公共笼条分别与相邻公共梯形槽内同层的公共笼条通过端部导电环相连；也可以将公共梯形槽内外层公共笼条与单侧相邻公共梯形槽内的内层公共笼条通过端部导电环相连；也可以在相邻两个公共梯形槽内放置多匝线圈导体；短路笼条端部连接形式可以为：以笼障转子模块径向对称线为中心，将两侧相对应的同层短路笼条端部通过导体相连，形成多组独立的同心式环形导电回路；也可以将外层短路笼条与相对应梯形槽的内层短路笼条通过导体相连，形成多组独立的交叉型同心式环形回路；也可以在相对应的两个同层梯形槽内放置多匝线圈导体，同一转子模块上的多组线圈导体匝数可以相同也可不同。The notch of the trapezoidal groove for placing the public cage and the short-circuit cage is provided with an inner gap and embedded with a slot wedge; the connection form of the end of the public cage can be: the conductive ring at the end connects the public cage of the same layer in the public trapezoidal groove The ends on both sides are all connected together; the single-layer public cage bars in the public trapezoidal groove can also be divided into two parts, and the two parts of the public cage bars are respectively connected to the public cage bars of the same layer in the adjacent public trapezoidal groove through the end conductive ring ; It is also possible to connect the inner and outer public cage bars of the public trapezoidal slot with the inner public cage bar in the adjacent public trapezoidal slot on one side through the end conductive ring; it is also possible to place multi-turn coil conductors in two adjacent public trapezoidal slots The connection form of the ends of the short-circuit cages can be as follows: take the radial symmetry line of the cage rotor module as the center, connect the ends of the corresponding short-circuit cages of the same layer on both sides through conductors, and form multiple sets of independent concentric ring-shaped conductive loops ; It is also possible to connect the outer layer short-circuit cage bar with the inner layer short-circuit cage bar corresponding to the trapezoidal groove through a conductor to form multiple sets of independent cross-shaped concentric ring loops; it can also be placed in the corresponding two trapezoidal grooves of the same layer For multi-turn coil conductors, the number of turns of multiple sets of coil conductors on the same rotor module can be the same or different.

笼障转子两端装有压板，压板与转子间加绝缘层隔离，压板上钻有与笼障转子定位孔位置相同的定位孔，非导磁材料制成的压紧螺杆沿轴向穿过全部定位孔，在压板两端利用螺母压紧固定。Both ends of the cage rotor are equipped with pressure plates, the pressure plate and the rotor are separated by an insulating layer, the pressure plate is drilled with the same positioning hole as the cage rotor positioning hole, and the compression screw made of non-magnetic material passes through the entire shaft along the axial direction. The positioning holes are fixed by nuts at both ends of the pressure plate.

整个转子安装绕组后余下的公共梯形槽缝隙和模块内磁障缝隙内可浇注耐高温非导磁材料或者不浇筑。After the entire rotor is installed with windings, the remaining public trapezoidal slot gap and the magnetic barrier gap in the module can be poured with high temperature resistant non-magnetic material or not poured.

一种如上所述模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的控制方法，其特征在于：控制方式采用PIMD控制方法来实现模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的转速跟踪，其控制思想是针对模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机具有不确定性参数变化和扰动影响的特点，利用负延迟方法，通过调整延迟时间来消除不确定干扰信号，并引入了H_∞控制策略，进而提高系统的鲁棒性；具体为：采用电枢绕组dq坐标系，则模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的电磁转矩方程为A control method for a modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor as described above, characterized in that: the control method adopts the PIMD control method to realize the speed tracking of the modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor. The control idea is aimed at the characteristics of uncertain parameter changes and disturbance effects of modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motors. The negative delay method is used to eliminate uncertain interference signals by adjusting the delay time, and the H _∞ control is introduced. strategy, and then improve the robustness of the system; specifically: using the armature winding dq coordinate system, the electromagnetic torque equation of the modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor is

${T T}_{e e} = = \frac{33}{22} (({p p}_{p p} + + {p p}_{c c})) {Ψ Ψ}_{dp dp} {i i}_{qc qc} = = J J \frac{{dω dω}_{r r}}{dt dt} + + {Bω Bω}_{r r} + + {T T}_{11} - - - - - - ((11))$

式中，p_p和p_c分别表示电枢绕组和励磁绕组的极对数，Ψ_dp为电枢绕组磁链的d轴分量，i_qc为励磁绕组电流的q轴分量，ω_r为转速输出，J为转子机械惯量，B为转动阻尼系数，T_e为总电磁转矩，T_l为负载转矩。In the formula, p _p and p _c represent the number of pole pairs of the armature winding and the field winding respectively, Ψ _dp is the d-axis component of the flux linkage of the armature winding, i _qc is the q-axis component of the field winding current, and ω _r is the speed output , J is the mechanical inertia of the rotor, B is the rotation damping coefficient, T _e is the total electromagnetic torque, T _l is the load torque.

对式(1)两边进行拉氏变换，可得标称模型的传递函数P(s)为Laplace transform is performed on both sides of formula (1), and the transfer function P(s) of the nominal model can be obtained as

$P P ((s the s)) = = \frac{11}{Js js + + B B} - - - - - - ((22))$

控制器的传递函数可表示为The transfer function of the controller can be expressed as

$K K ((s the s)) = = \frac{U u ((s the s))}{E E. ((s the s))} = = {K K}_{p p} + + \frac{{K K}_{i i}}{s the s} - - {K K}_{d d} {e e}^{- - {T T}_{d d} s the s} - - - - - - ((33))$

式中，E（或e）为误差，U（或u）为控制输入信号，K(s)为控制器，K_p、K_i、K_d为控制参数，T_d为延迟时间。In the formula, E (or e) is the error, U (or u) is the control input signal, K(s) is the controller, K _p , K _i , K _d are the control parameters, and T _d is the delay time.

对式(3)进行拉氏反变换，可得Carry out inverse Laplace transform on formula (3), we can get

$u u ((t t)) = = {K K}_{p p} e e ((t t)) + + {K K}_{i i} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{00}^{t t} e e ((t t)) dt dt - - {K K}_{d d} e e ((t t - - {T T}_{d d}))$

$= = (({K K}_{p p} - - {K K}_{d d})) e e ((t t)) + + {T T}_{d d} {K K}_{d d} \frac{e e ((t t)) - - e e ((t t - - {T T}_{d d}))}{{T T}_{d d}} + + {K K}_{i i} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{00}^{t t} e e ((t t)) dt dt - - - - - - ((44))$

$= = {K K}_{pn pn} e e ((t t)) + + {K K}_{dn dn} \cdot &Center Dot; \frac{11}{{T T}_{d d}} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{t t - - {T T}_{d d}}^{t t} \overset{\cdot &Center Dot;}{e e} ((t t)) dt dt + + {K K}_{i i} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{00}^{t t} e e ((t t)) dt dt$

式中，

是e(t)对时间t的导数；K_pn＝K_p-K_d，且K_p≥K_d；K_dn＝T_dK_d。In the formula,

is the derivative of e(t) with respect to time t; K _pn =K _p -K _d , and K _p ≥K _d ; K _dn =T _d K _d .

设误差e(t)中含有一由外部引起的正弦干扰d为Let the error e(t) contain a sinusoidal interference d caused by the outside as

d＝Asin2πft (5)d＝Asin2πft (5)

式中，A和f分别为干扰输入d的幅值和频率。当e(t)＝d(t)时，将其代入式(4)中，则第二项延迟项可写成In the formula, A and f are the amplitude and frequency of the disturbance input d, respectively. When e(t)=d(t), substitute it into formula (4), then the second delay term can be written as

$\frac{11}{{T T}_{d d}} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{t t - - {T T}_{d d}}^{t t} \overset{\cdot \cdot}{d d} ((t t)) dt dt = = \frac{A A}{{T T}_{d d}} [[sin sin 22 πft πft - - sin sin 22 πf πf ((t t - - {T T}_{d d}))]] - - - - - - ((66))$

如果令T_d＝N/f，其中N为自然数，那么If let T _d =N/f, where N is a natural number, then

sin(2πft-2πfT_d)＝sin(2πft-2πN)sin(2πft-2πfT _d )=sin(2πft-2πN)

＝sin(2πft)cos(2πN)+cos(2πft)sin(2πN)=sin(2πft)cos(2πN)+cos(2πft)sin(2πN)

＝sin(2πft)=sin(2πft)

则式(6)为零，即也就是说，当延迟时间T_d趋近于N/f时，式(6)趋近于零，因此，通过调整延迟时间T_d，PIMD控制器即可消除微分项干扰输入。Then formula (6) is zero, namely That is to say, when the delay time T _d approaches N/f, the formula (6) approaches zero. Therefore, by adjusting the delay time T _d , the PIMD controller can eliminate the differential term interference input.

在PIMD控制中加入权值函数，即可将其转化为H_∞控制问题。设权值函数的状态空间形式为Adding weight function in PIMD control can transform it into H _∞ control problem. Let the state space form of the weight function be

${W W}_{e e} ((s the s)) = = [\begin{matrix} {A A}_{e e} & {B B}_{e e} \\ {C C}_{e e} & {D D.}_{e e} \end{matrix}],,$ ${W W}_{u u} ((s the s)) = = [\begin{matrix} {A A}_{u u} & {B B}_{u u} \\ {C C}_{u u} & {D D.}_{u u} \end{matrix}]$

式中，W_e(s)和W_u(s)为加权函数，A_e、B_e、C_e、D_e、A_u、B_u、C_u、D_u为常数矩阵，In the formula, W _e (s) and _Wu (s) are weighting functions, A _e , Be _e , C _e , D _e , A _u , Bu u , C _u _, D _u are constant matrices,

权值函数W_e(s)是由系统的性能要求决定的，由于系统的外部扰动和外部输入信号的频率通常较低，为保证系统能有效地抑制干扰和精确地跟踪信号，W_e(s)通常具有积分特性或高增益低通特性，再通过仿真实验进行反复试凑，可获得一个较佳的W_e(s)值；权值函数W_u(s)是使系统在有高频扰动作用下仍能保持稳定，为不增加控制器的阶次，通常取W_u(s)为一常数；权值函数W_d(s)反映负载扰动信号T_l的作用强弱，通常也取为一常数。The weight function W _e (s) is determined by the performance requirements of the system. Since the external disturbance of the system and the frequency of the external input signal are usually low, in order to ensure that the system can effectively suppress interference and accurately track signals, W _e (s ) usually has an integral characteristic or a high-gain low-pass characteristic, and a better W _e (s) value can be obtained through repeated trial and error through simulation experiments; the weight function _Wu (s) is to make the system suffer from high-frequency disturbance In order not to increase the order of the controller, Wu _u (s) is usually taken as a constant; the weight function W _d (s) reflects the strength of the load disturbance signal T _l , and is usually taken as a constant.

系统G(s)描述为The system G(s) is described as

$\{\begin{matrix} \overset{\cdot \cdot}{x x} = = Ax Ax + + {B B}_{11} w w + + {B B}_{22} u u \\ z z = = {C C}_{11} x x + + {D D.}_{1212} u u \\ y the y = = {C C}_{22} x x + + {D D.}_{21 twenty one} w w \end{matrix}$

即Right now

$G G ((s the s)) = = [\begin{matrix} A A & {B B}_{11} & {B B}_{22} \\ {C C}_{11} & 00 & {D D.}_{1212} \\ {C C}_{22} & {D D.}_{21 twenty one} & 00 \end{matrix}]$

式中，x＝[x₁ x₂ x₃]^T为状态变量，y为观测输出信号，z＝[z₁ z₂]^T为评价信号，w＝T_l为干扰输入信号，A、B₁、B₂、C₁、C₂、D₁₂、D₂₁为常数矩阵，K＝[K_p K_i K_d]为所要求解的控制器。增广被控对象G(s)的状态空间实现为In the formula, x=[x ₁ x ₂ x ₃ ] ^T is the state variable, y is the observation output signal, z=[z ₁ z ₂ ] ^T is the evaluation signal, w=T _l is the interference input signal, A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C ₁ , C ₂ , D ₁₂ , and D ₂₁ are constant matrices, and K=[K _p K _i K _d ] is the controller to be solved. The state space of the augmented plant G(s) is realized as

再利用MATLAB软件中的hinfsyn函数，反复求解控制器K，直至满足H_∞次优设计指标Then use the hinfsyn function in MATLAB software to solve the controller K repeatedly until the _H∞ suboptimal design index is satisfied

||LFT(G,K)||_∞＜γ (8)||LFT(G,K)|| _∞ ＜γ (8)

式中，||·||_∞为无穷范数，LFT(G,K)为下线性分式变换，γ为很小的常数。In the formula, ||·|| _∞ is the infinite norm, LFT(G,K) is the lower linear fractional transformation, and γ is a very small constant.

优点效果：本发明提供一种新型模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机，该种交流电机具有定子两套绕组的耦合能力强、功率密度和机电能量转换效率高、结构模块化、工艺简单、便于制成大型交流电机等显著优点。Advantages and effects: the present invention provides a novel modular single-cage barrier rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor. Simple, easy to make a large AC motor and other significant advantages.

本发明的有益效果是：该电机的转子采用径向叠片磁障和多组笼条复合式结构，在进一步改善转子磁耦合能力的同时，可有效降低气隙磁场谐波和损耗，提高电机的功率密度和运行性能；转子叠片沿径向叠压，可以减少转子铁芯中的涡流损耗，提高电机效率；凸极中心线处放置导电笼条，采用分层设计，可有效克服感应电流的集肤效应；励磁绕组安放在定子侧实现无刷励磁，与常规同步电机相比，无需安装同轴励磁系统或电刷滑环装置，电机可靠性提高；沿转子一周由p_r个完全相同的叠片组构成，这样的对称结构可实现仅加工一种叠片就可以组装成整个转子，因而大大减少了工艺成本，便于批量生产。该种新型复合转子具有结构新颖、工艺简单、成本低廉、机械强度高、运行可靠、结构模块化、便于产业化等方面的显著优势。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the rotor of the motor adopts a composite structure of radial laminated magnetic barriers and multiple sets of cage bars, which can effectively reduce the harmonics and loss of the air gap magnetic field while further improving the magnetic coupling ability of the rotor, and improve the efficiency of the motor. The power density and operation performance are excellent; the rotor laminations are stacked radially, which can reduce the eddy current loss in the rotor core and improve the efficiency of the motor; the conductive cage bar is placed on the center line of the salient pole, and the layered design is adopted to effectively overcome the induced current The skin effect; the excitation winding is placed on the stator side to achieve brushless excitation. Compared with the conventional synchronous motor, there is no need to install a coaxial excitation system or a brush slip ring device, and the reliability of the _motor is improved; Such a symmetrical structure can realize the assembly of the entire rotor by processing only one type of lamination, thus greatly reducing the process cost and facilitating mass production. The novel composite rotor has the remarkable advantages of novel structure, simple process, low cost, high mechanical strength, reliable operation, modular structure, and easy industrialization.

控制方式采用PIMD控制方法来实现模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的转速跟踪，该种控制方法针对模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机具有不确定性参数变化和扰动影响的特点，利用负延迟方法，通过调整延迟时间来消除不确定干扰信号，并引入了H_∞控制策略，可对系统的不确定负载扰动进行有效抑制，具有较强的鲁棒性，大大提高了该种交流电机的抗干扰能力。The control method adopts the PIMD control method to realize the speed tracking of the modular single-cage barrier rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor. This control method has uncertain parameter changes and disturbance effects on the modular single-cage barrier double-stator self-excited synchronous motor The characteristics of the negative delay method are used to eliminate the uncertain interference signal by adjusting the delay time, and the H _∞ control strategy is introduced, which can effectively suppress the uncertain load disturbance of the system, has strong robustness, and greatly improves the The anti-interference ability of this kind of AC motor.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机系统结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor system of the present invention;

图2为本发明电机定子结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of motor stator of the present invention;

图3为本发明电机的一种转子结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a kind of rotor structure schematic diagram of motor of the present invention;

图4为本发明电机的一种转子模块结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor module of the motor of the present invention;

图5为本发明电机转子压板结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the motor rotor pressing plate of the present invention;

图6为本发明电机公共笼条的一种端部连接方式示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an end connection mode of the common cage bar of the motor of the present invention;

图7为本发明电机公共笼条的一种端部连接方式展开图；Fig. 7 is an expanded view of an end connection mode of the common cage bar of the motor of the present invention;

图8为本发明电机公共笼条的第二种连接方式展开图；Fig. 8 is an expanded view of the second connection mode of the common cage of the motor of the present invention;

图9为本发明电机公共笼条的第三种连接方式端部链接图；Fig. 9 is an end link diagram of the third connection mode of the common cage of the motor of the present invention;

图10为本发明电机短路笼条一种连接方式示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of the motor short-circuit cage bar of the present invention;

图11为本发明电机短路笼条第二种连接方式端部链接图；Fig. 11 is the end link diagram of the second connection mode of the motor short-circuit cage bar of the present invention;

图12为本发明电机公共笼条和短路笼条安装示意图；Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the common cage bar and the short-circuit cage bar of the motor of the present invention;

图13为本发明电机公共笼条和短路笼条的第二种连接方式展开图；Fig. 13 is an expanded view of the second connection mode of the motor common cage and the short-circuit cage in the present invention;

图14为本发明电机的PIMD控制原理示意图；Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the PIMD control principle of the motor of the present invention;

图15为本发明PIMD控制器的H_∞控制问题示意图。Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the H _∞ control problem of the PIMD controller of the present invention.

附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:

1.内定子；2.外定子；3.转子；4.可控直流电源；5.电网；6.电枢绕组；7.励磁绕组；8.转轴；9.隔磁层；10.导磁层；11.公共笼条；12短路笼条；13.定位孔；14.定位槽；15.套筒；16.模块间隙；17.槽楔；18.端部导电环。1. Inner stator; 2. Outer stator; 3. Rotor; 4. Controllable DC power supply; 5. Power grid; 6. Armature winding; 7. Excitation winding; layer; 11. common cage bar; 12 short-circuit cage bar; 13. positioning hole; 14. positioning slot; 15. sleeve; 16. module gap; 17. slot wedge; 18. end conductive ring.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明进行具体说明：The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

图1为本发明模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机系统结构示意图，该系统主要包括内定子1、外定子2、转子3、可控直流电源4，电机沿径向由内而外依次为内定子1、转子3、外定子2，内定子与转轴通过转轴8上的定位销与转轴8固定在一起，其中内定子1和外定子2上都安放2p极的三相对称电枢绕组6和2q极单相对称励磁绕组7，即为两个电端口，两个定子共四个电端口，电枢绕组6和励磁绕组7极数亦可互换，可实现同一定子两套不同极数的绕组电磁耦合最大化。电枢绕组6与电网5相连，励磁绕组7与可控直流电源4相连。通过可控直流电源4分别对内定子和外定子的励磁绕组7提供可调节幅值的电压，可以调节该电机电枢绕组6输出电压和功率因数（作为发电机），也可以调节电机输出转速和转矩（作为电动机）。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor system of the present invention. The system mainly includes an inner stator 1, an outer stator 2, a rotor 3, and a controllable DC power supply 4. The motor moves radially from the inside to the outside. The inner stator 1, the rotor 3, and the outer stator 2 are in sequence. The inner stator and the rotating shaft are fixed together with the rotating shaft 8 through the positioning pins on the rotating shaft 8, and the inner stator 1 and the outer stator 2 are equipped with three-phase symmetrical armatures with 2p poles. The winding 6 and the 2q pole uniphase symmetrical excitation winding 7 are two electrical ports, and the two stators have four electrical ports in total. The number of poles of the armature winding 6 and the excitation winding 7 can also be interchanged, and two sets of the same stator can be realized The electromagnetic coupling of windings with different pole numbers is maximized. The armature winding 6 is connected to the grid 5 , and the field winding 7 is connected to the controllable DC power supply 4 . The controllable DC power supply 4 provides voltages with adjustable amplitudes to the excitation windings 7 of the inner stator and the outer stator respectively, so that the output voltage and power factor of the armature winding 6 of the motor can be adjusted (as a generator), and the output speed of the motor can also be adjusted. and torque (as a motor).

图2为本发明电机定子结构示意图，图2（a）为外定子结构示意图，图2（b）为内定子结构示意图，两个定子靠近转子的表面均匀开槽，槽内都嵌放了两套极数分别为2p极和2q极的独立对称绕组，即电枢绕组6和励磁绕组7（或者是励磁绕组7和电枢绕组6），每个槽内嵌放多层绕组，每层绕组间都有绝缘，两种绕组可以采用双层或单层绕组，节距可以是整距或者短距。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor stator of the present invention, Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the outer stator structure, Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the inner stator structure, the two stators are evenly slotted on the surface close to the rotor, and two Set of independent symmetrical windings with 2p poles and 2q poles respectively, that is, armature winding 6 and field winding 7 (or field winding 7 and armature winding 6), and multi-layer windings are embedded in each slot, and each layer of winding There is insulation between them, the two windings can be double-layer or single-layer winding, and the pitch can be full pitch or short pitch.

图3为本发明电机的一种转子结构示意图，所述转子内外表面都采用p_r个相同的笼障转子模块沿圆周方向拼成一个每个表面都具有p_r个凸极型的转子，每个笼障转子模块靠近中心侧通过定位槽14与非导磁材料制成的套筒15相连。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotor structure of the motor of the present invention, the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor are assembled with p _r identical cage rotor modules along the circumferential direction to form a rotor with p _r salient poles on each surface, each The side near the center of each cage rotor module is connected with the sleeve 15 made of non-magnetic material through the positioning slot 14 .

图4为本发明电机一种笼障转子模块示意图，每个模块靠近定子的表面开有多个径向梯形槽，每个梯形槽沿径向具有数个不等的阶梯槽宽，每个梯形槽内放入若干根导体组成短路笼条12，为了节省成本和简化工艺也可以只在部分梯形槽内放入导体；此外，相邻笼障外转子模块相接处为阶梯型豁口，两个相邻笼障外转子模块拼接后在其相接处形成一个公共梯形槽，且该槽底部的模块间隙16深度一直达到套筒15表面，主要目的是隔离相邻模块磁通，使得各模块之间磁路相互独立无耦合，提高相对应侧电机定子两套绕组的耦合性能，整个转子内表面和外表面都有p_r个这样的公共梯形槽，将p_r个笼障转子模块沿圆周方向磁隔离，由于套筒15为非导磁材料，所以每个笼障转子模块之间也是不导磁的，包括转子内外两侧的笼障模块之间也不导磁，各模块在结构和磁路两方面都相互独立，每个公共梯形槽沿径向具有数个不等的阶梯槽宽，每个公共梯形槽内放入若干根导体组成公共笼条11。放置公共笼条11和短路笼条12的梯形槽的槽口处开有内豁口并嵌放槽楔17，用来固定槽内笼条。梯形槽内靠近定子的槽宽度大于或者等于靠近套筒15的槽宽度，其目的是为了克服感应电流的集肤效应，梯形槽内的笼条层数可以为单层或者多层，根据梯型槽内阶梯的数量选取层数，各层之间、笼条与转子之间均加有绝缘进行隔离，笼条通过端部连接在一起形成回路，本发明附图选取层数都为2。图3中笼障转子模块中心处开有多组切向隔磁层9，分别与各自两侧嵌放短路笼条的梯形槽组合形成多组U型径向叠片磁障，在笼障转子模块内形成多个导磁层10，其目的是增大交轴磁阻，减少直轴磁阻，便于磁通沿着有利于磁场调制的路径流通，另外，所有笼障转子模块之间磁路独立，在加入隔磁层9形成U型径向叠片磁障后，其磁场转换能力明显提高，而且隔磁层数越多，效果就越明显，但隔磁层太多时，其成本又会增大，因此隔磁层应选择为合适层数。此外，各导磁层宽度可以相等或者不等，宽度不等时则嵌放短路笼条的梯形槽间距不等，可以改变气隙磁阻分布，削弱不利磁场谐波幅值，增强有用磁场谐波幅值，提高定子两套绕组的耦合能力，减少附加损耗，改善电机的性能，在对性能要求不高时也可采用宽度相同的导磁层。每个笼障转子模块的内侧隔磁层内部和外侧隔磁层外部有多个定位孔13。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cage rotor module of the motor of the present invention, each module has a plurality of radial trapezoidal slots on the surface close to the stator, each trapezoidal slot has several unequal stepped slot widths in the radial direction, each trapezoidal A number of conductors are placed in the slots to form a short-circuit cage bar 12. In order to save costs and simplify the process, conductors can only be placed in part of the trapezoidal slots; in addition, the joints of the outer rotor modules of adjacent cages are stepped gaps, and two After splicing the outer rotor modules of adjacent cage barriers, a common trapezoidal groove is formed at their joints, and the depth of the module gap 16 at the bottom of the groove reaches the surface of the sleeve 15. The main purpose is to isolate the magnetic flux of adjacent modules, so that the gap between the modules The inter-magnetic circuits are independent of each other without coupling, which improves the coupling performance of the two sets of windings of the motor stator on the corresponding side. There are p _r such common trapezoidal slots on the inner and outer surfaces of the entire rotor, and the p _r cage barrier rotor modules are arranged along the circumferential direction Magnetic isolation, because the sleeve 15 is a non-magnetic material, so each cage barrier rotor module is not magnetically conductive, including the cage barrier modules on the inner and outer sides of the rotor. Both sides of the road are independent of each other, and each common trapezoidal slot has several unequal stepped slot widths along the radial direction, and several conductors are placed in each common trapezoidal slot to form a common cage bar 11 . Place the notch of the trapezoidal groove of public cage bar 11 and short-circuit cage bar 12 to have inner gap and insert groove wedge 17, be used for fixing the cage bar in the groove. The width of the slot near the stator in the trapezoidal slot is greater than or equal to the slot width near the sleeve 15. The purpose is to overcome the skin effect of the induced current. The number of steps in the groove is selected as the number of layers, insulation is added between each layer, and between the cage bars and the rotor for isolation, and the cage bars are connected together through the ends to form a circuit. The number of layers selected in the drawings of the present invention is 2. In Fig. 3, multiple sets of tangential magnetic isolation layers 9 are opened at the center of the cage rotor module, which are respectively combined with the trapezoidal grooves embedded with short-circuit cage bars on both sides to form multiple sets of U-shaped radial laminated magnetic barriers. A plurality of magnetic permeable layers 10 are formed in the module, the purpose of which is to increase the quadrature-axis reluctance and reduce the direct-axis reluctance to facilitate the flow of magnetic flux along a path that is conducive to magnetic field modulation. In addition, the magnetic circuit between all cage barrier rotor modules Independently, after adding the magnetic isolation layer 9 to form a U-shaped radial laminated magnetic barrier, its magnetic field conversion capability is significantly improved, and the more the number of magnetic isolation layers, the more obvious the effect, but when there are too many magnetic isolation layers, its cost will increase. Increase, so the magnetic isolation layer should be selected as the appropriate number of layers. In addition, the width of each magnetic permeable layer can be equal or unequal. When the width is unequal, the distance between the trapezoidal slots for embedding the short-circuit cages is unequal, which can change the distribution of air gap reluctance, weaken the amplitude of unfavorable magnetic field harmonics, and enhance the useful magnetic field harmonics. Increase the amplitude value, improve the coupling ability of the two sets of stator windings, reduce additional losses, and improve the performance of the motor. When the performance requirements are not high, the magnetic permeability layer with the same width can also be used. There are a plurality of positioning holes 13 inside the inner magnetic isolation layer and outer magnetic isolation layer of each cage rotor module.

整个转子安装绕组后余下的公共梯形槽缝隙和模块内磁障缝隙内可浇注环氧树脂或者耐高温非导磁材料，其目是增强转子整体强度，减少噪声振动，也对笼条进行紧固定位；也可不进行浇注利用缝隙通风散热，降低电机的温升，提高电机性能，且这样依然可使各模块间的磁路没有耦合。笼障转子模块采用叠片轴向叠压而成，其目的可以减少转子铁芯中的涡流损耗，提高电机效率。转子采用模块化形式，使得仅加工一种转子模块就可以组装成整个转子，大大减少了工艺成本，生产电机外径较大的大功率电机，亦有益于该电机产业化。Epoxy resin or high-temperature-resistant non-magnetic materials can be poured into the remaining public trapezoidal slot gap after the winding is installed on the entire rotor and the gap of the magnetic barrier in the module. The purpose is to enhance the overall strength of the rotor, reduce noise and vibration, and fasten the cage bars. Positioning; it is also possible to use gaps for ventilation and heat dissipation without pouring, reduce the temperature rise of the motor, and improve the performance of the motor, and in this way, the magnetic circuits between the modules can still be uncoupled. The cage rotor module is made of laminated sheets axially laminated, which can reduce the eddy current loss in the rotor core and improve the efficiency of the motor. The rotor adopts a modular form, so that only one type of rotor module can be processed to assemble the entire rotor, which greatly reduces the process cost. The production of high-power motors with larger outer diameters is also beneficial to the industrialization of the motors.

图5为本发明电机转子压板结构示意图，转子压板位于转子轴向两端，与转子外轮廓形状相同，压板与转子间加绝缘层隔离，压板上钻有与笼障转子定位孔13（见图3）位置相同定位孔13，非导磁材料制成的压紧螺杆沿轴向穿过全部定位孔13，压紧螺杆与转子模块间加绝缘隔离，在压板两端利用螺母压紧固定，外侧定位孔内穿过的压紧螺杆对笼障转子模块起到了轴向压紧作用，也用以抵抗转子模块旋转时所承受的离心力。压板外侧与转子梯形槽相同位置和形状相同的梯形缝隙，公共笼条11和短路笼条12从该缝隙穿过，进行端部链接。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the motor rotor pressure plate of the present invention, the rotor pressure plate is located at both ends of the rotor in the axial direction, and has the same shape as the outer contour of the rotor. 3) Position the positioning holes 13 at the same position. The compression screw made of non-magnetic material passes through all the positioning holes 13 in the axial direction. The compression screw is insulated from the rotor module. The compression screw passing through the positioning hole plays an axial compression role on the cage rotor module, and is also used to resist the centrifugal force borne by the rotor module when it rotates. The outer side of the pressure plate is a trapezoidal gap with the same position and shape as the trapezoidal groove of the rotor, and the common cage bar 11 and the short-circuit cage bar 12 pass through the gap for end connection.

本发明电机转子可以只安装公共笼条，此外也可采用只安装短路笼条或者不安装任何笼条，转子内外两侧可以相同也可以不同。公共笼条和短路笼条都能起到磁场调制作用，由于公共笼条位于凸极中心处，所以其磁场调制效果比短路笼条明显，因此采用公共笼条和短路笼条的形式电机性能最佳，以后依次为只采用公共笼条的形式、只采用短路笼条的形式、不安装任何笼条的形式。The motor rotor of the present invention can only be equipped with common cage bars, or only short-circuit cage bars or no cage bars can be installed, and the inner and outer sides of the rotor can be the same or different. Both the public cage and the short-circuit cage can play the role of magnetic field modulation. Since the public cage is located at the center of the salient pole, its magnetic field modulation effect is more obvious than that of the short-circuit cage. Therefore, the performance of the motor is the best when the public cage and the short-circuit cage are used. In the following order, only the form of public cage bars, the form of only short-circuit cage bars, and the form of no cage bars are used.

图6为本发明电机公共笼条的一种端部连接方式示意图，采用端部导电环18将公共梯形槽内同层的公共笼条11两侧端部连接在一起，形成p_r个网孔型导电回路，当外部磁通穿过导电回路的网孔中心时，会在其中感应出电动势，从而在回路中形成电流，该电流产生的磁场方向与外部磁通方向相反，从而影响流经转子的主磁通路径，使得主磁通从凸极处进入转子，起到了隔磁和改变磁通路径的作用，改善磁场调制效果，内层和外层的端部导电环18之间采用绝缘隔离，因此各层之间无电流流过，使得公共笼条11和端部导电环18的铜耗降低且磁场调制效果更佳。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an end connection mode of the public cage bar of the motor of the present invention, using the end conductive ring 18 to connect the two sides of the public cage bar 11 of the same layer in the public trapezoidal groove together to form p _r mesh holes Type conductive loop, when the external magnetic flux passes through the mesh center of the conductive loop, an electromotive force will be induced in it, thereby forming a current in the loop. The direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is opposite to the direction of the external magnetic flux, thereby affecting the flow through the rotor. The main magnetic flux path makes the main magnetic flux enter the rotor from the salient pole, which plays the role of magnetic isolation and changing the magnetic flux path, and improves the magnetic field modulation effect. The end conductive ring 18 of the inner layer and the outer layer is isolated by insulation , so no current flows between the layers, so that the copper loss of the common cage bar 11 and the end conductive ring 18 is reduced and the magnetic field modulation effect is better.

图7为图6中公共笼条的端部连接方式展开图。Fig. 7 is an expanded view of the connection mode of the ends of the common cage bar in Fig. 6 .

图8为本发明电机公共笼条的第二种连接方式展开图，将公共梯形槽内单层公共笼条11分成两部分，且相互绝缘隔离，两部分公共笼条分别与相邻公共梯形槽内的公共笼条通过端部导电环18相连，可将同一层公共笼条11连接成p_r个独立环形导电回路，其隔磁作用与图7相同，但内外两层也相互绝缘隔离，可以进一步减小公共笼条内电流，降低公共笼条11和端部导电环18的铜耗，提高磁场调制效果；也可以在相邻两个公共梯形槽内放置多匝线圈导体，其连接示意与图8相同，采用多匝绕组线圈，可以减小集肤效应，由于匝数较多其隔磁效果更加明显，使得电机磁场调制效果更好。Fig. 8 is the expansion diagram of the second connection mode of the public cage bars of the motor of the present invention. The single-layer public cage bars 11 in the public trapezoidal groove are divided into two parts, and they are insulated from each other. The public cages inside are connected through the end conductive rings 18, and the public cages 11 of the same layer can be connected into p _r independent annular conductive circuits. Further reduce the current in the common cage bar, reduce the copper loss of the common cage bar 11 and the end conductive ring 18, and improve the magnetic field modulation effect; it is also possible to place multi-turn coil conductors in two adjacent public trapezoidal slots, and the connection diagram is the same as The same as in Figure 8, the use of multi-turn winding coils can reduce the skin effect, and the magnetic isolation effect is more obvious due to the larger number of turns, making the motor magnetic field modulation effect better.

图9为本发明电机本发明电机公共笼条的第三种连接方式端部链接图，外层公共笼条11与单侧相邻倒梯形槽内的内层公共笼条11通过端部导电环18相连，形成p_r个不同层独立环形导电回路，其连接方式展开图与图8相同，所达到的效果也相同。Fig. 9 is the end link diagram of the third connection mode of the common cage of the motor of the present invention, the outer common cage 11 and the inner common cage 11 in the inverted trapezoidal groove adjacent to one side pass through the end conductive ring 18 are connected to form p _r independent annular conductive loops of different layers. The expansion diagram of the connection mode is the same as that in Fig. 8, and the effect achieved is also the same.

图10为本发明电机短路笼条一种连接方式示意图，每个笼障转子模块中，以笼障转子模块径向对称线为中心，将两侧相对应的同层短路笼条端部通过导体相连，形成多组独立的同心式环形导电回路，同样具有与公共笼条相似的隔磁作用，可以进一步改善磁场调制效果，每个环形回路相互绝缘隔离，内层短路笼条和外层短路笼条形成的环形回路也相互绝缘隔离。也可以在相对应的两个同层梯形槽内放置多匝线圈导体，形成多组独立的同心式环形多匝导电回路，采用多匝绕组线圈，可以减小集肤效应，由于匝数较多其隔磁效果更加明显，磁场调制效果好，同一转子模块上所形成的多组独立的同心式环形导电回路匝数可以相等也可以不等，不等式可以削弱磁场中不利的谐波磁场，提高定子两套绕组的耦合能力，减少附加损耗，进一步改善电机的性能。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of the short-circuit cage bars of the motor according to the present invention. In each cage-barrier rotor module, with the radial symmetry line of the cage-barrier rotor module as the center, the ends of the corresponding short-circuit cage bars of the same layer on both sides are passed through the conductors. Connected to form multiple sets of independent concentric annular conductive loops, which also have a magnetic isolation effect similar to that of the public cage bars, which can further improve the magnetic field modulation effect. Each annular loop is insulated from each other. The inner short-circuit cage and the outer short-circuit cage The loops formed by the strips are also insulated from each other. It is also possible to place multi-turn coil conductors in the corresponding two trapezoidal slots on the same layer to form multiple sets of independent concentric annular multi-turn conductive loops. Using multi-turn winding coils can reduce the skin effect. Due to the large number of turns Its magnetic isolation effect is more obvious, and the magnetic field modulation effect is good. The number of turns of multiple independent concentric annular conductive loops formed on the same rotor module can be equal or unequal. The inequality can weaken the unfavorable harmonic magnetic field in the magnetic field and improve the stability of the stator. The coupling capability of the two sets of windings reduces additional loss and further improves the performance of the motor.

图11为本发明电机短路笼条第二种连接方式端部链接图，外层短路笼条与相应梯形槽的内层短路笼条通过导体相连，形成多组独立的交叉型同心式环形回路，所达到的效果与图10中所述连接方式相同。Fig. 11 is the end link diagram of the second connection mode of the motor short-circuit cage bar of the present invention, the outer layer short-circuit cage bar is connected with the inner layer short-circuit cage bar of the corresponding trapezoidal groove through conductors, forming multiple sets of independent cross-type concentric annular circuits, The effect achieved is the same as that of the connection described in FIG. 10 .

图12为本发明电机公共笼条和短路笼条安装示意图，图中公共笼条采用图6中的连接方式，短路笼条采用图10的连接方式。不论采用何种形式，所有公共笼条与短路笼条之间都采用绝缘隔离。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the common cage bars and short-circuit cage bars of the motor of the present invention. In the figure, the common cage bars adopt the connection method in Fig. 6, and the short-circuit cage bars adopt the connection method in Fig. 10 . Regardless of the form, all public cages are insulated from the short-circuit cages.

图13为第二种公共笼条和短路笼条连接方式展开图，图中同一侧端部的同层的公共笼条与短路笼条通过同一个端部导电环连接在一起。这样在不影响效果的前提下，不仅减少了端部连接环的数量，简化了电机端部结构，降低了电机重量，而且由于所有笼条一侧连接在一起，各导电环路内感应电势减少，流过的电流也减少，电机铜耗降低，效率提高。Fig. 13 is an expanded view of the connection mode of the second public cage and the short-circuit cage. In the figure, the public cage and the short-circuit cage on the same layer at the end of the same side are connected together through the conductive ring at the same end. In this way, without affecting the effect, it not only reduces the number of end connection rings, simplifies the structure of the motor end, and reduces the weight of the motor, but also reduces the induced potential in each conductive loop because one side of all the cage bars is connected together. , the current flowing is also reduced, the copper loss of the motor is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.

上述连接方式可以分别应用于转子内侧和转子外侧的公共笼条和短路笼条的连接。The above connection methods can be respectively applied to the connection of the common cage bars and the short-circuit cage bars on the inner side of the rotor and on the outer side of the rotor.

图14为本发明模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的PIMD控制原理示意图，其中，ωr^*为转速给定，ωr为转速输出，e为误差，u为控制输入信号，K(s)为控制器，Kp、Ki、Kd为控制参数，Td为延迟时间，J为转子机械惯量，B为转动阻尼系数，Kf为转矩系数，Tl为负载转矩，P(s)为被控对象的标称模型。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the PIMD control principle of the modularized single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor of the present invention, wherein, ωr ^* is the speed given, ωr is the speed output, e is the error, u is the control input signal, K(s ) is the controller, Kp, Ki, Kd are the control parameters, Td is the delay time, J is the mechanical inertia of the rotor, B is the rotation damping coefficient, Kf is the torque coefficient, Tl is the load torque, P(s) is the controlled The nominal model of the object.

控制方式采用PIMD控制方法来实现模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的转速跟踪，其控制思想是针对模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机具有不确定性参数变化和扰动影响的特点，利用负延迟方法，通过调整延迟时间来消除不确定干扰信号，并引入了H∞控制策略，进而提高系统的鲁棒性。The control method adopts the PIMD control method to realize the speed tracking of the modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor. The characteristics of the negative delay method are used to eliminate uncertain interference signals by adjusting the delay time, and the H∞ control strategy is introduced to improve the robustness of the system.

采用电枢绕组dq坐标系，则模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的电磁转矩方程为Using the armature winding dq coordinate system, the electromagnetic torque equation of the modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor is

式中，p_p和p_c分别表示电枢绕组和励磁绕组的极对数，Ψ_dp为电枢绕组磁链的d轴分量，i_qc为励磁绕组电流的q轴分量，T_e为总电磁转矩。where p _p and p _c represent the pole pairs of the armature winding and the field winding respectively, Ψ _dp is the d-axis component of the armature winding flux linkage, i _qc is the q-axis component of the field winding current, T _e is the total electromagnetic torque.

对式(1)两边进行拉氏变换，可得标称模型的传递函数为Laplace transform is performed on both sides of formula (1), and the transfer function of the nominal model can be obtained as

$P P ((s the s)) = = \frac{11}{Js js + + B B} - - - - - - ((22))$

$= = {K K}_{pn pn} e e ((t t)) + + {K K}_{dn dn} \cdot \cdot \frac{11}{{T T}_{d d}} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{t t - - {T T}_{d d}}^{t t} \overset{\cdot \cdot}{e e} ((t t)) dt dt + + {K K}_{i i} {&Integral; &Integral;}_{00}^{t t} e e ((t t)) dt dt$

式中，

d＝Asin2πft (5)d＝Asin2πft (5)

sin(2πft-2πfT_d)＝sin(2πft-2πN)sin(2πft-2πfT _d )=sin(2πft-2πN)

＝sin(2πft)=sin(2πft)

则式(6)为零，即

也就是说，当延迟时间T_d趋近于N/f时，式(6)趋近于零，因此，通过调整延迟时间T_d，PIMD控制器即可消除微分项干扰输入。Then formula (6) is zero, namely

That is to say, when the delay time T _d approaches N/f, the formula (6) approaches zero. Therefore, by adjusting the delay time T _d , the PIMD controller can eliminate the differential term interference input.

图15为本发明PIMD控制器的H∞控制问题示意图，是在图14所示的PIMD控制原理示意图中加入权值函数，即可将其转化为H∞控制问题。设权值函数的状态空间形式为Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the H∞ control problem of the PIMD controller of the present invention, which can be transformed into an H∞ control problem by adding a weight function to the schematic diagram of the PIMD control principle shown in Fig. 14 . Let the state space form of the weight function be

权值函数We(s)是由系统的性能要求决定的，由于系统的外部扰动和外部输入信号的频率通常较低，为保证系统能有效地抑制干扰和精确地跟踪信号，We(s)通常具有积分特性或高增益低通特性，再通过仿真实验进行反复试凑，可获得一个较佳的We(s)值；权值函数Wu(s)是使系统在有高频扰动作用下仍能保持稳定，为不增加控制器的阶次，通常取Wu(s)为一常数；权值函数Wd(s)反映负载扰动信号Tl的作用强弱，通常也取为一常数。The weight function We(s) is determined by the performance requirements of the system. Since the external disturbance of the system and the frequency of the external input signal are usually low, in order to ensure that the system can effectively suppress interference and accurately track signals, We(s) usually It has integral characteristics or high-gain and low-pass characteristics, and a better We(s) value can be obtained through repeated trials through simulation experiments; the weight function Wu(s) is to make the system still able to To maintain stability, in order not to increase the order of the controller, Wu(s) is usually taken as a constant; the weight function Wd(s) reflects the strength of the load disturbance signal Tl, and is usually taken as a constant.

图15中的系统G(s)描述为The system G(s) in Figure 15 is described as

即Right now

式中，x＝[x₁ x₂ x₃]^T为状态变量，y为观测输出信号，z＝[z₁ z₂]^T为评价信号，w＝T_l为干扰输入信号，A、B₁、B₂、C₁、C₂、D₁₂、D₂₁为常数矩阵，K＝[K_p K_i K_d]为所要求解的控制器。由图15可得增广被控对象G(s)的状态空间实现为In the formula, x=[x ₁ x ₂ x ₃ ] ^T is the state variable, y is the observation output signal, z=[z ₁ z ₂ ] ^T is the evaluation signal, w=T _l is the interference input signal, A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C ₁ , C ₂ , D ₁₂ , and D ₂₁ are constant matrices, and K=[K _p K _i K _d ] is the controller to be solved. From Figure 15, it can be obtained that the state space of the augmented plant G(s) is realized as

||LFT(G,K)||_∞＜γ (8)||LFT(G,K)|| _∞ ＜γ (8)

所提出采用的PIMD控制方法可实现模块化单笼障转子双定子自励磁同步电机的转速跟踪，有效地抑制了系统的不确定负载扰动，具有较强的鲁棒性，大大提高了该种交流电机的抗干扰能力。The proposed PIMD control method can realize the speed tracking of the modular single-cage barrier-rotor double-stator self-excited synchronous motor, which effectively suppresses the uncertain load disturbance of the system, has strong robustness, and greatly improves the AC The anti-interference ability of the motor.

Claims

1. the single cage of modularization hinders rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, mainly comprise internal stator (1), external stator (2), rotor (3), controllable direct current power supply (4), it is characterized in that: motor radially is followed successively by internal stator (1) from inside to outside, rotor (3), external stator (2), internal stator (1) is fixed together by alignment pin and the rotating shaft in rotating shaft (8), wherein on internal stator (1) and external stator (2), all lay the single-phase symmetrical excitation winding (7) of three-phase symmetrical armature winding (6) and the 2q utmost point of the 2p utmost point, perhaps the number of poles of the number of poles of armature winding (6) and excitation winding (7) exchanges, and all meet 2p-2q>=4, rotor (3) surfaces externally and internally all adopts p _rindividual identical cage barrier rotor module along the circumferential direction is combined into each surface and has p _rthe rotor of individual salient pole type, the sleeve (15) that each cage barrier rotor module is made with non-magnet material by location notch (14) near central side is connected, each cage barrier rotor module has a plurality of radially dovetail grooves near the surface of stator, radially the dovetail groove spacing equates or does not wait, each dovetail groove radially has several ladder groove widths that do not wait, and puts into some conductors in each dovetail groove and forms short circuit cage bar (12), adjacent cage barrier rotor module joint is the notch cuttype gap, after the splicing of adjacent cage barrier rotor module, in its joint, forms p _rindividual public dovetail groove, and module gap (16) degree of depth of this trench bottom reaches sleeve (15) surface always, and each public dovetail groove radially has several ladder groove widths that do not wait, and puts into some conductors in each public dovetail groove and forms public cage bar (11), public cage bar (11) and short circuit cage bar (12) adopt respectively end conducting ring (18) to be connected to form galvanic circle, cage barrier rotor module center has many groups tangentially every magnetosphere (9), and the dovetail groove that embeds short circuit cage bar (12) with both sides separately respectively is combined to form organizes radially lamination magnetic barrier, formation a plurality of magnetic layers (10) in cage barrier rotor module more.

2. the single cage of the described modularization of claim 1 hinders rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, and it is characterized in that: armature winding (6) is connected with electrical network (5), and excitation winding (7) is connected with controllable direct current power supply (4).

3. the single cage of the described modularization of claim 1 hinders rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, and it is characterized in that: the notch place of placing the dovetail groove of public cage bar (11) and short circuit cage bar (12) has interior gap and embeds slot wedge (17); Public cage bar (11) end link form can be: end conducting ring (18) all connects together public cage bar (11) both side ends with layer in public dovetail groove; Also the public cage bar of individual layer in public dovetail groove (11) can be divided into to two parts, the public cage bars of two parts (11) are connected by end conducting ring (18) with the public cage bar (11) with layer in adjacent public dovetail groove respectively; Also the public cage bar of public dovetail groove ectonexine (11) can be connected by end conducting ring (18) with the public cage bar of internal layer (11) in one-sided adjacent public dovetail groove; Also can in adjacent two public dovetail grooves, place the multiturn coil conductor; Short circuit cage bar (12) end type of attachment can be: centered by cage barrier rotor module radial symmetric line, same layer short circuit cage bar (12) end that both sides are corresponding is connected by conductor, forms and organizes independently concentric type annular galvanic circle more; Also outer short circuit cage bar can be connected by conductor with the internal layer short circuit cage bar of corresponding dovetail groove, form and organize independently chiasma type concentric type loop checking installation more; Also can place the multiturn coil conductor in layer dovetail groove at corresponding two, the many groups coil-conductor number of turn on same rotor module can be identical also can be different.

4. the single cage of the described modularization of claim 1 hinders rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, it is characterized in that: cage barrier two ends of rotor is equipped with pressing plate, add insulator separation between pressing plate and rotor, be drilled with the location hole (13) identical with cage barrier rotor location hole (13) position on pressing plate, the clamping screw that non-magnet material is made through whole location holes (13), utilizes nut to be fixed at the pressing plate two ends vertically.

5. the single cage barrier of the described modularization of claim 1 rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine is characterized in that: whole rotor is installed in public dovetail groove gap remaining after winding and module in magnetic barrier gap pourable high temperature resistant non-magnet material or is not built.

6. the control method of the single cage barrier of modularization rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: control mode adopts the PIMD control method to realize the rotating-speed tracking of the single cage barrier of modularization rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, its control thought is to have the characteristics of uncertain parameters variation and disturbing influence for the single cage barrier of modularization rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, utilize negative related method thereof, eliminate the uncertain noises signal time of delay by adjusting, and introduced H _∞control strategy, and then the robustness of raising system; Be specially: adopt armature winding dq coordinate system, the electromagnetic torque equation of the single cage barrier of modularization rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine is

T_{e} = \frac{3}{2} (p_{p} + p_{c}) Ψ_{dp} i_{qc} = J \frac{{dω}_{r}}{dt} + {Bω}_{r} + T_{1} - - - (1)

In formula, p _pand p _cthe number of pole-pairs that means respectively armature winding and excitation winding, Ψ _dpfor the d axle component of armature winding magnetic linkage, i _qcfor the q axle component of excitation winding electric current, ω _rfor rotating speed output, J is rotor mechanical inertia, and B is the rotary damping coefficient, T _efor total electromagnetic torque, T _lfor load torque,

Laplace transformation is carried out in formula (1) both sides, and the transfer function P (s) that can obtain nominal model is

P (s) = \frac{1}{Js + B} - - - (2)

The transfer function of controller can be expressed as

K (s) = \frac{U (s)}{E (s)} = K_{p} + \frac{K_{i}}{s} - K_{d} e^{- T_{d} s} - - - (3)

In formula, E(or e) be error, U(or u) be the control inputs signal, K (s) is controller, K _p, K _i, K _dfor controlling parameter, T _dfor time of delay,

Formula (3) is carried out to the Laplace inverse transformation, can obtain

u (t) = K_{p} e (t) + K_{i} {&Integral;}_{0}^{t} e (t) dt - K_{d} e (t - T_{d})

= (K_{p} - K_{d}) e (t) + T_{d} K_{d} \frac{e (t) - e (t - T_{d})}{T_{d}} + K_{i} {&Integral;}_{0}^{t} e (t) dt - - - (4)

= K_{pn} e (t) + K_{dn} \cdot \frac{1}{T_{d}} {&Integral;}_{t - T_{d}}^{t} \overset{\cdot}{e} (t) dt + K_{i} {&Integral;}_{0}^{t} e (t) dt

In formula,

the derivative of e (t) to time t; K _pn=K _p-K _d, and K _p>=K _d; K _dn=T _dk _d,

If contain a sinusoidal interference d who is caused by outside in error e (t), be

d＝Asin2πft (5)

In formula, A and f are respectively amplitude and the frequency of disturbing input d, and when e (t)=d (t), by its substitution formula (4), second postpones can be write as

\frac{1}{T_{d}} {&Integral;}_{t - T_{d}}^{t} \overset{\cdot}{d} (t) dt = \frac{A}{T_{d}} [\sin 2 πft - \sin 2 πf (t - T_{d})] - - - (6)

If make T _d=N/f, wherein N is natural number, so

sin(2πft-2πfT _d)＝sin(2πft-2πN)

＝sin(2πft)cos(2πN)+cos(2πft)sin(2πN)

＝sin(2πft)

Formula (6) is zero,

that is to say, as T time of delay _dwhile leveling off to N/f, formula (6) levels off to zero, therefore, and by adjusting T time of delay _d, the PIMD controller can be eliminated differential term and disturb input.

7. the control method of the single cage barrier of modularization according to claim 8 rotor double-stator self-excitation synchronous machine, is characterized in that: add weight function in PIMD controls, can be translated into H _∞control problem, the state space form of establishing weight function is

W_{e} (s) = [\begin{matrix} A_{e} & B_{e} \\ C_{e} & D_{e} \end{matrix}],

W_{u} (s) = [\begin{matrix} A_{u} & B_{u} \\ C_{u} & D_{u} \end{matrix}]

In formula, W _eand W (s) _u(s) be weighting function, A _e, B _e, C _e, D _e, A _u, B _u, C _u, D _ufor constant matrices,

Weight function W _e(s) be to be determined by the performance requirement of system, because the frequency of the external disturbance of system and external input signal is usually lower, for the assurance system can suppress to disturb and tracking signal accurately effectively, W _e(s) usually there is integral characteristic or high-gain low-pass characteristic, more repeatedly try to gather by emulation experiment, can obtain a preferably W _e(s) value; Weight function W _u(s) be to make system still can keep stable under the high frequency components effect having, for not increasing the order of controller, usually get W _u(s) be a constant; Weight function W _d(s) reflected load disturbing signal T _lthe effect power, usually also be taken as a constant,

System G (s) is described as

\{\begin{matrix} \overset{\cdot}{x} = Ax + B_{1} w + B_{2} u \\ z = C_{1} x + D_{12} u \\ y = C_{2} x + D_{21} w \end{matrix}

G (s) = [\begin{matrix} A & B_{1} & B_{2} \\ C_{1} & 0 & D_{12} \\ C_{2} & D_{21} & 0 \end{matrix}]

In formula, x=[x ₁x ₂x ₃] ^tfor state variable, y is observation output signal, z=[z ₁z ₂] ^tfor evaluation signal, w=T _lfor disturbing input signal, A, B ₁, B ₂, C ₁, C ₂, D ₁₂, D ₂₁for constant matrices, K=[K _pk _ik _d] be the controller that will solve, the state space of augmentation controlled device G (s) is embodied as

Hinfsyn function in recycling MATLAB software, solve controller K, repeatedly until meet H _∞the Suboptimal Design index

||LFT(G,K)|| _∞＜γ (8)

In formula, || || _∞for Infinite Norm, LFT (G, K) is the conversion of lower linear fraction, and γ is very little constant.