CN102983590A - System and method for controlling direct power of open-winding brushless double-fed wind driven generator - Google Patents
System and method for controlling direct power of open-winding brushless double-fed wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102983590A CN102983590A CN2012104933530A CN201210493353A CN102983590A CN 102983590 A CN102983590 A CN 102983590A CN 2012104933530 A CN2012104933530 A CN 2012104933530A CN 201210493353 A CN201210493353 A CN 201210493353A CN 102983590 A CN102983590 A CN 102983590A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Abstract
The invention provides a system for controlling direct power of an open-winding brushless double-fed wind driven generator. The system is characterized by comprising a wind turbine, the brushless double-fed wind driven generator, a bidirectional pulse-width modulation (PWM) frequency converter and a central processing unit, wherein the wind turbine is connected with the brushless double-fed wind driven generator through a gearbox, the brushless double-fed wind driven generator is connected with the bidirectional PWM frequency converter, is connected with a transformer through a grid-connected switch and is connected with the central processing unit through a voltage and current signal detection unit and an input quantity unit sequentially, the bidirectional PWM frequency converter is connected with the transformer through a filter, and the transformer is connected with a power grid. The system for controlling direct power of the composite rotor open-winding brushless double-fed wind driven generator is simple in structure, low in cost and high in operation performance and wind power conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind power generation field, be specifically related to a kind of winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system and method for opening.
Background technology
In recent years, the advantages such as brushless double feed generator is brushless reliably with it, be convenient to realize variable speed constant frequency and low-speed direct driving, required Converter Capacity is little, cost is low, in large-scale wind electricity unit and offshore wind farm field, obtained Chinese scholars and paid close attention to more and more widely, had broad application prospects.But it not yet obtains large-scale popularization and uses, its technical problem underlying has two aspects: (fundamental type has special cage-type rotor or slot ripples wound rotor to the rotor structure form of (1) present brushless double feed generator, and reluctance type rotor) coupling ability to the stator double winding is not strong, and the harmonic field that modulates is larger, affect generator power density, exert oneself and performance index.(2) owing to be embedded with the different winding of two cover numbers of poles in the stator core of brushless double feed generator, its internal electromagnetic relation is very complicated, therefore how it is carried out effective excitation control and become difficult point and the hot issue that needs to be resolved hurrily, especially the maximal power tracing problem of wind-powered electricity generation unit is to improve generating efficiency.At present, Chinese scholars is to main vector control technology and the Direct Torque Control that adopts field orientation of power control of brushless dual-feedback wind power generator.But, need to carry out coordinate transform based on the method for vector control, amount of calculation is large, and is subject to the impact that generator parameter changes, so that the robustness of system reduces greatly.And the amount of calculation of Direct Torque Control is also larger, need to adopt high speed processor, thereby its cost is higher; In addition, flux observer changes generator parameter or accurately identification is comparatively responsive, and especially in the lower situation of control winding side exciting current frequency, this will cause the real-time variation of control system.Therefore, in the urgent need to seeking a kind of high-performance brushless dual-feedback wind power generator and excitation control method thereof with new type rotor structure.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system and method for opening, its objective is that the existing system robustness of solution mode in the past is low, cost is high and flux observer causes the poor problem of control system real-time to parameter sensitivity.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Open winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system, it is characterized in that: this system mainly comprises wind energy conversion system, brushless dual-feedback wind power generator, two-way PWM frequency converter and central processing unit; Wind energy conversion system is connected to brushless dual-feedback wind power generator by gearbox, brushless dual-feedback wind power generator is connected to two-way PWM frequency converter on the one hand, be connected to transformer by the switch that is incorporated into the power networks on the other hand, be connected to central processing unit by voltage and current signal detecting unit and input variable unit successively on the one hand again; Two-way PWM frequency converter is connected to transformer by filter, and transformer is connected to electrical network.
Also be connected with central monitoring system and man-machine interface on the central processing unit.
Two-way PWM frequency converter adopts both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, brushless double feed generator control winding was opened the winding two ends and is directly powered by two multi-electrical level inverters respectively when described two-way PWM frequency converter adopted both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, formed a kind of cascade connection type topological structure.
Brushless dual-feedback wind power generator comprises stator, rotor and rotating shaft, embeds two cover numbers of poles different windings on the described stator, i.e. power winding and control winding, and number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates, and the rotor with salient pole centerline is placed conduction cage bar, and the two ends of conduction cage bar compress to realize that with conductive ring short circuit connects, formation short circuit cage bar; Between described rotating shaft and the rotor steel bushing is installed, steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.
As electric energy output, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter to the power winding, is connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer by switch and the transformer access common frequency power network that is incorporated into the power networks.
Described control winding is namely controlled winding and is not made star or Angle connection for opening winding construction, and its 6 terminals are all opened and drawn.
Be applied to the above-mentioned composite rotors of opening in the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system and open the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator, it is characterized in that: this generator comprises stator, rotor and rotating shaft, embed the different winding of two cover numbers of poles on the described stator, be power winding and control winding, number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates; Between described rotating shaft and the rotor steel bushing is installed, steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.
The power winding is exported as electric energy by switch and the transformer access common frequency power network that is incorporated into the power networks, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter, be connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer, described control winding is for opening winding construction, namely control winding and do not make star or Angle connection, its 6 terminals are all opened and are drawn.
A kind of direct Power Control method of opening winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system described above: described direct Power Control method is that to be based upon two-phase static
DqIn the reference frame, have two control rings, only need voltage, the magnitude of current of power winding are transformed in this coordinate system, reformulate switching voltage vector option table according to the error signal of brushless double feed generator power winding active power and reactive power and the information of control sector, winding magnetic linkage place, come directly active power and the reactive power of independent control brushless double feed generator by suitable selector switch voltage vector, and then realize maximal power tracing control; Concrete control method is as follows:
In the following methods:
vBe wind speed;
n rBe generator speed;
PBe active power;
QBe reactive power;
uBe voltage;
iBe electric current; Sector_
Ψ cThe sector at expression control winding 4 magnetic linkage places; Δ represents the error amount of corresponding amount; Subscript * represents the set-point of corresponding amount; Subscript
pWith
cThe amount that represents respectively power winding 3 and control winding 4 correspondences; Subscript
ABCThe expression corresponding amount is at three phase static
ABCAxle component in the coordinate system; Subscript
DqThe expression corresponding amount is static in two-phase
DqAxle component in the coordinate system.
System's excitation control mode adopts the direct Power Control method to realize maximal power tracing control, and its control method is the active power according to brushless double feed generator power winding (3)
PAnd reactive power
QThe error signal Δ
PAnd Δ
QAnd the magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ of control winding (4)
Ψ c) reformulate switching voltage vector option table, come the directly active power of independent control brushless double feed generator by suitable selector switch voltage vector
PAnd reactive power
Q, and then realize maximal power tracing control;
The mechanical output equilibrium equation of setting up brushless double feed generator is as follows
In the formula,
P mBe total mechanical output;
P PmWith
P CmBe respectively the mechanical output of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
T eBe electromagnetic torque;
Ω rBe the mechanical angle speed of rotor 9,
ω pWith
ω cBe respectively the electric current angular frequency of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
p rNumber of pole-pairs for rotor 9;
Formula (1) has provided power winding 3 and control winding 4 mechanical output component separately, and the direct Power Control strategy is only considered the active power component of power winding 3
P PmDuring energy storage rate of change in ignoring copper loss and magnetic field, instantaneous electric power is similar to mechanical output, namely
P p≈
P Pm
In order to obtain the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator, introduce an intermediate quantity here---power winding 3 chains are crossed the flux linkage vector of control winding 4
Ψ PcFig. 6 has provided in two-phase static
DqTwo cover stator winding flux linkage vectors in the reference frame
Ψ pWith
Ψ cAnd flux linkage vector
Ψ PcRotary speed and position relationship.It should be noted that flux linkage vector
Ψ PcTo control winding 4 side electric current angular frequencies
ω cSpeed rotation, with control winding 4 magnetic linkages
Ψ cRelatively static, and be not the power winding 3 side angle frequencies that produce it
ω pSpeed rotation, this frequency change is produced by the modulating action of 9 pairs of stator magnet kinetic potentials of rotor waveform, this also is the Basic Mechanism that magnetic Field Coupling and torque generate in the brushless double feed generator; Therefore, the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator can be expressed as
In the formula,
Be magnetic leakage factor;
L pWith
L cBe respectively the self-induction of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
M PcIt is the mutual inductance between the two cover stator winding;
δBe flux linkage vector
Ψ PcWith
Ψ cBetween angle.This shows contacting between brushless double feed generator and the common induction generator, although their operation logic is different, from the angle of generation electromagnetic torque,
Y PcWith
Y cBe similar to respectively rotor and the stator magnetic linkage of common induction generator;
The magnetic linkage of power winding 3 in the formula (2)
Y pCan be expressed as
In the formula,
u pWith
i pBe respectively voltage vector and the current phasor of power winding 3;
Because the resistance drop of power winding 3
R p i pVoltage influence to power winding 3 is very little, can ignore, and power winding 3 requires it to be output as constant frequency and constant voltage as electric energy output end, i.e. voltage
u pAmplitude and frequency remain unchanged, can think thus power winding 3 magnetic linkages
Y pAmplitude and rotary speed substantially constant, again because
, so magnetic linkage
Y PcAmplitude also be approximately constant, according to formula (1) and formula (2) as can be known, put on the switching voltage vector of control winding 4 by control
u Ck(
k=0,1 ..., 7) and change fast the magnetic linkage angle
dSize, can reach control active power
P pPurpose, to reactive power
Q pControl principle with
P pSimilar, just logical relation is different, has just repeated no more here;
According to wind speed
vWith the wind energy conversion system operation characteristic, obtain the absorption maximum performance number, and then obtain the active power set-point
P *, detect brushless double feed generator power winding 3 at three phase static
ABCElectric current and voltage value in the coordinate system
u PABCWith
i PABC, because the direct Power Control method is that to be based upon two-phase static
DqIn the reference frame, therefore need coordinate transform, with three phase static
ABCIt is static that two-phase is changed in electric current and voltage quantitative change in the coordinate system
DqIn the coordinate system, utilize two-phase static
DqThe electric current and voltage value of power winding 3 in the coordinate system
u PdqWith
i PdqCalculate the actual value of active power and reactive power
PWith
Q, shown in (4), more respectively with their set-point
P *With
Q *Compare, with the error amount Δ after relatively
PAnd Δ
QInput respectively hysteresis comparator 18.Utilize the reactive power rate of change of power winding 4 to estimate the flux linkage vector of control winding 4 in which sector.Output and control winding 4 magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ according to two hysteresis comparators 18
Ψ c) select suitable switching voltage vector, and then drive inverter 16;
Described two control rings, one is the active power control ring, one is the Reactive Power Control ring, its effect is that the set-point of active power and reactive power is compared with their actual value respectively, error amount is relatively inputted respectively two hysteresis comparators, the output of these two hysteresis comparators is as the foundation of selector switch voltage vector, and then the actual value of correction active power and reactive power, makes its tracing preset value.
The information of sector, described control winding magnetic linkage place is that the rate of change by power winding reactive power obtains.
Described both end power supplying formula cascade multilevel inverter adopts this direct Power Control method to control, and to drive brushless double feed generator, realizes the independent control to the every phase current of control winding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the brushless double feed generator rotor adopts radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar composite structure, when further improving rotor magnetic coupling ability, also can effectively reduce Gas-gap Magnetic Field Resonance Wave and loss, improve power density and the runnability of generator, this kind Novel composite rotor has novel structure, technique is simple, with low cost, mechanical strength is high, reliable, structural module, be convenient to the significant advantage of the aspects such as industrialization.Brushless double feed generator control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction, frequency converter adopts both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, can improve the fault redundance ability of wind power system, make control mode more flexible, compare with conventional three-phase voltage source inverter and to have better performance, and switching frequency is lower, and required frequency inverter capacity is less.The excitation control mode adopts the direct Power Control method to realize maximal power tracing control, and this kind control method does not rely on any parameter of generator, has very strong robustness; Owing to be directly active power and the reactive power of brushless double feed generator to be carried out independent control, so its controller is simple in structure, and amount of calculation is less; This kind control method only need to obtain to control the information of sector, winding magnetic linkage place, and this information can obtain by detected power winding reactive power, has solved well flux observer parameter sensitivity is caused the poor problem of control system real-time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is brushless double feed wind generator system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that composite rotors of the present invention is opened a kind of structural representation of winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator;
Fig. 3 is that composite rotors of the present invention is opened the another kind of structural representation of winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator;
Fig. 4 is that the novel brushless dual-feedback wind power generator control of the present invention winding is opened the winding construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the novel winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system principle schematic diagram of opening of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that two-phase of the present invention is static
DqFlux linkage vector graph of a relation in the reference frame.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention controls winding switching voltage vector and sector schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is that the stagnant chain rate of active power of the present invention and reactive power is than the control principle schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals:
1. wind energy conversion system; 2. brushless dual-feedback wind power generator; 3. power winding; 4. control winding; 5. switch is incorporated into the power networks; 6. transformer; 7. electrical network; 8. stator; 9. rotor; 10. steel bushing; 11. rotating shaft; 12. casing; 13. magnetic layer; 14. every magnetosphere; 15. conduction cage bar; 16. cascade multilevel inverter; 17. three terminal bidirectional alternating-current switch; 18. hysteresis comparator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is specifically described:
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of composite rotors and open winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system, this system mainly comprises wind energy conversion system 1, brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2, two-way PWM frequency converter and central processing unit; Wind energy conversion system 1 is connected to brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 by gearbox, brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 is connected to two-way PWM frequency converter on the one hand, be connected to transformer 6 by the switch 5 that is incorporated into the power networks on the other hand, be connected to central processing unit by voltage and current signal detecting unit and input variable unit successively on the one hand again; Two-way PWM frequency converter is connected to transformer 6 by filter, and transformer 6 is connected to electrical network 7.
Also be connected with central monitoring system and man-machine interface on the central processing unit.
Two-way PWM frequency converter adopts both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, brushless double feed generator control winding was opened the winding two ends and is directly powered by two multi-electrical level inverters respectively when described two-way PWM frequency converter adopted both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, formed a kind of cascade connection type topological structure.
Brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 comprises stator 8, rotor 9 and rotating shaft 11, embeds two cover numbers of poles different windings on the described stator, i.e. power winding 3 and control winding 4, and number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates; Steel bushing 10 is installed between described rotating shaft and the rotor, and steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.
As electric energy output, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter to the power winding, is connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer by be incorporated into the power networks switch 5 and transformer 6 access common frequency power networks.
Described control winding is namely controlled winding and is not made star or Angle connection for opening winding construction, and its 6 terminals are all opened and drawn.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of composite rotors to open the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator, and this generator as mentioned above, comprise stator 8, rotor 9 and rotating shaft 11, embed two cover numbers of poles different windings on the described stator, i.e. power winding 3 and control winding 4, number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates; Steel bushing 10 is installed between described rotating shaft and the rotor, and steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.The power winding is exported as electric energy by be incorporated into the power networks switch 5 and transformer 6 access common frequency power networks, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter, be connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer, described control winding is for opening winding construction, namely control winding and do not make star or Angle connection, its 6 terminals are all opened and are drawn.
Specifically: Fig. 1 is the structural representation of brushless double feed wind generator system of the present invention.Wind energy conversion system 1 is connected with brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 by gearbox, drives generator 2 rotations.The power winding 3 of brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 is connected with transformer by the switch 5 that is incorporated into the power networks and is connected with electrical network 7, as electric energy output; The control winding 4 of brushless dual-feedback wind power generator 2 is connected with transformer by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and also is connected with electrical network 7, is used as AC excitation.The voltage and current signal checkout gear provides input variable for central processing unit, and central processing unit is connected with man-machine interface with central monitoring system, and for drive circuit provides signal, to drive two-way PWM frequency converter.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are two kinds of structural representations that composite rotors of the present invention is opened the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator.The steel bushing 10 of being made by non-magnet material is installed between rotating shaft 11 and the rotor 9, and there is stator 8 in rotor 9 outsides, and there is casing 12 in stator 8 outsides.
Embedded the independent symmetric winding that two cover numbers of poles are respectively 8 utmost points and 4 utmost points on the iron core of stator 8, i.e. power winding 3 and control winding 4, and be double-deck short distance winding, and namely embedding four layers of winding in a groove, power winding 3 is at the top, and control winding 4 is in the bottom.
Rotor 9 employings (
p p+
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure.Rotor pack radially laminates, and can reduce the eddy current loss in the rotor core, improves generator efficiency; Total on the rotor 9 (
p p+
p c) individual salient pole, each two/part of adjacent two salient poles is common to form a stack of laminations, along 9 one weeks of rotor by (
p p+
p c) individual identical stack of laminations formation, such symmetrical structure has realized only processing a kind of lamination just can be assembled into whole rotor, thereby has greatly reduced process costs, is convenient to batch production; Be provided with magnetic layer 13 on the stack of laminations, leave on the adjacent two salient pole magnetic layers 13 that at least three layers of width equate evenly every magnetosphere 14, and keep each identical with width ratio between the magnetic layer 13 every magnetosphere 14, by radially dowel is continuous, connect each magnetic layer 13 as a whole between the magnetic layer 13; Fill every magnetosphere 14 employing epoxy resin or by other high temperature resistant non-magnet material, and be designed to even width, and be a plurality of every magnetosphere, its objective is in order to increase quadrature-axis reluctance, reduce direct axis reluctance, be convenient to magnetic flux along the trend circulation that is conducive to the magnetic field conversion, add behind magnetosphere 14, its magnetic field transfer capability obviously improves, and more every the magnetosphere number, effect is just more obvious, but when magnetosphere is a lot, its cost accelerates again to increase, and therefore should be chosen as the suitable number of plies every magnetosphere; The salient pole centerline is placed conduction cage bar 15, place altogether in one week of rotor (
p p+
p c) root conduction cage bar 15, adopt hierarchical design, its objective is in order to overcome faradic kelvin effect; The two ends of conduction cage bar 15 compress with conductive ring, realize that short circuit connects, and these conduction cage bars are referred to as short circuit cage bar with end short circuit annulus.So just formed radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar hybrid rotor structure, this kind rotor can be divided into two classes according to the shape every magnetosphere: U-shaped radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar hybrid rotor (Fig. 2) and arc radially lamination magnetic hinder and short circuit cage bar hybrid rotor (Fig. 3).
Fig. 4 is that the novel brushless dual-feedback wind power generator control of the present invention winding is opened the winding construction schematic diagram.The control winding 4 of brushless double feed generator is all opened, and does not do star or Angle connection, and 6 terminals that are about to generator control winding 4 are all drawn, and forms and opens winding construction.
Fig. 5 is the novel winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system control method schematic diagram of opening of the present invention, wherein,
vBe wind speed;
n rBe generator speed;
PBe active power;
QBe reactive power;
uBe voltage;
iBe electric current; Sector_
Ψ cThe sector at expression control winding 4 magnetic linkage places; Δ represents the error amount of corresponding amount; Subscript * represents the set-point of corresponding amount; Subscript
pWith
cThe amount that represents respectively power winding 3 and control winding 4 correspondences; Subscript
ABCThe expression corresponding amount is at three phase static
ABCAxle component in the coordinate system; Subscript
DqThe expression corresponding amount is static in two-phase
DqAxle component in the coordinate system.
The control winding 4 of brushless double feed generator is for opening winding construction, its 6 terminals are all opened and are drawn, linked to each other with the winding two ends respectively by two multi-electrical level inverters, be simultaneously 4 power supplies of control winding to form both end power supplying formula cascade multilevel inverter 16 topological structures.
System's excitation control mode adopts the direct Power Control method to realize maximal power tracing control, and its control thought is the active power according to brushless double feed generator power winding 3
PAnd reactive power
QThe error signal Δ
PAnd Δ
QAnd the magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ of control winding 4
Ψ c) reformulate switching voltage vector option table, come the directly active power of independent control brushless double feed generator by suitable selector switch voltage vector
PAnd reactive power
Q, and then realize maximal power tracing control.
The mechanical output equilibrium equation of setting up brushless double feed generator is as follows
In the formula,
P mBe total mechanical output;
P PmWith
P CmBe respectively the mechanical output of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
T eBe electromagnetic torque;
Ω rBe the mechanical angle speed of rotor 9,
ω pWith
ω cBe respectively the electric current angular frequency of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
p rNumber of pole-pairs for rotor 9.
Formula (1) has provided power winding 3 and control winding 4 mechanical output component separately, and the direct Power Control strategy is only considered the active power component of power winding 3
P PmDuring energy storage rate of change in ignoring copper loss and magnetic field, instantaneous electric power is similar to mechanical output, namely
P p≈
P Pm
In order to obtain the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator, introduce an intermediate quantity here---power winding 3 chains are crossed the flux linkage vector of control winding 4
Ψ PcFig. 6 has provided in two-phase static
DqTwo cover stator winding flux linkage vectors in the reference frame
Ψ pWith
Ψ cAnd flux linkage vector
Ψ PcRotary speed and position relationship.It should be noted that flux linkage vector
Ψ PcTo control winding 4 side electric current angular frequencies
ω cSpeed rotation, with control winding 4 magnetic linkages
Ψ cRelatively static, and be not the power winding 3 side angle frequencies that produce it
ω pSpeed rotation, this frequency change is produced by the modulating action of 9 pairs of stator magnet kinetic potentials of rotor waveform, this also is the Basic Mechanism that magnetic Field Coupling and torque generate in the brushless double feed generator.Therefore, the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator can be expressed as:
(2)
In the formula,
Be magnetic leakage factor;
L pWith
L cBe respectively the self-induction of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
M PcIt is the mutual inductance between the two cover stator winding;
δBe flux linkage vector
Ψ PcWith
Ψ cBetween angle.This shows contacting between brushless double feed generator and the common induction generator, although their operation logic is different, from the angle of generation electromagnetic torque,
Y PcWith
Y cBe similar to respectively rotor and the stator magnetic linkage of common induction generator.
The magnetic linkage of power winding 3 in the formula (2)
Y pCan be expressed as
(3)
In the formula,
u pWith
i pBe respectively voltage vector and the current phasor of power winding 3.
Because the resistance drop of power winding 3
R p i pVoltage influence to power winding 3 is very little, can ignore, and power winding 3 requires it to be output as constant frequency and constant voltage as electric energy output end, i.e. voltage
u pAmplitude and frequency remain unchanged, can think thus power winding 3 magnetic linkages
Y pAmplitude and rotary speed substantially constant.Again because
, so magnetic linkage
Y PcAmplitude also be approximately constant.According to formula (1) and formula (2) as can be known, put on the switching voltage vector of control winding 4 by control
u Ck(
k=0,1 ..., 7) and change fast the magnetic linkage angle
dSize, can reach control active power
P pPurpose.To reactive power
Q pControl principle with
P pSimilar, just logical relation is different, has just repeated no more here.
According to wind speed
vWith the wind energy conversion system operation characteristic, obtain the absorption maximum performance number, and then obtain the active power set-point
P *Detect brushless double feed generator power winding 3 at three phase static
ABCElectric current and voltage value in the coordinate system
u PABCWith
i PABCBecause the direct Power Control method is that to be based upon two-phase static
DqIn the reference frame, therefore need coordinate transform, with three phase static
ABCIt is static that two-phase is changed in electric current and voltage quantitative change in the coordinate system
DqIn the coordinate system.Utilize two-phase static
DqThe electric current and voltage value of power winding 3 in the coordinate system
u PdqWith
i PdqCalculate the actual value of active power and reactive power
PWith
Q, shown in (4), more respectively with their set-point
P *With
Q *Compare, with the error amount Δ after relatively
PAnd Δ
QInput respectively hysteresis comparator 18.Utilize the reactive power rate of change of power winding 4 to estimate the flux linkage vector of control winding 4 in which sector.Output and control winding 4 magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ according to two hysteresis comparators 18
Ψ c) select suitable switching voltage vector, and then drive inverter 16.
Described two control rings, one is the active power control ring, one is the Reactive Power Control ring, its effect is that the set-point of active power and reactive power is compared with their actual value respectively, error amount is relatively inputted respectively two hysteresis comparators, the output of these two hysteresis comparators is as the foundation of selector switch voltage vector, and then the actual value of correction active power and reactive power, make its tracing preset value, the information of sector, described control winding magnetic linkage place is that the rate of change by power winding reactive power obtains; Described both end power supplying formula cascade multilevel inverter adopts this direct Power Control method to control, and to drive brushless double feed generator, realizes the independent control to the every phase current of control winding.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention controls winding switching voltage vector and sector schematic diagram, and Fig. 8 is that the stagnant chain rate of active power of the present invention and reactive power is than the control principle schematic diagram.Wherein, 1. ~ 6. represent respectively six sectors;
With
Be respectively 1/2 of active power and reactive power hysteresis comparator 18 total bandwidths.
The output of hysteresis comparator 18 is defined as
Table 1 has provided the control winding switching voltage vector option table of reformulating.
Table 1 control winding switching voltage vector option table
 |
① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ | ⑥ | |
| 1 | 1 | u c3 | u c4 | u c5 | u c6 | u c1 | u c2 |
| 1 | -1 | u c2 | u c3 | u c4 | u c5 | u c6 | u c1 |
| -1 | 1 | u c5 | u c6 | u c1 | u c2 | u c3 | u c4 |
| -1 | -1 | u c6 | u c1 | u c2 | u c3 | u c4 | u c5 |
Propose to adopt the direct Power Control method do not rely on any parameter of generator, only need the electric current and voltage value of electrical network 7 side windings (being power winding 3), therefore parameter is changed or accurately identification have stronger robustness; Can directly carry out independent control to active power and the reactive power of brushless double feed generator, from realizing the angle of wind generator system maximal power tracing, the structure of its controller is simpler, and amount of calculation also greatly reduces; Aspect flux observation, the direct Power Control method only need to obtain to control the information of sector, winding 4 magnetic linkage place, do not need to observe its amplitude size, and the magnetic linkage position of control winding 4 can obtain by detected power winding reactive power, and this has solved well flux observer parameter sensitivity is caused the poor problem of control system real-time.
The invention provides a kind of simple in structure, with low cost, runnability and the high composite rotors of wind-powered electricity generation conversion efficiency and open winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system.
Claims (10)
1. open winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system, it is characterized in that: this system mainly comprises wind energy conversion system (1), brushless dual-feedback wind power generator (2), two-way PWM frequency converter and central processing unit; Wind energy conversion system (1) is connected to brushless dual-feedback wind power generator (2) by gearbox, brushless dual-feedback wind power generator (2) is connected to two-way PWM frequency converter on the one hand, be connected to transformer (6) by the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (5) on the other hand, be connected to central processing unit by voltage and current signal detecting unit and input variable unit successively on the one hand again; Two-way PWM frequency converter is connected to transformer (6) by filter, and transformer (6) is connected to electrical network (7).
2. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that opens according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be connected with central monitoring system and man-machine interface on the central processing unit.
3. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that opens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: two-way PWM frequency converter adopts both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, brushless double feed generator control winding was opened the winding two ends and is directly powered by two multi-electrical level inverters respectively when described two-way PWM frequency converter adopted both end power supplying formula cascading multiple electrical level topological structure, formed a kind of cascade connection type topological structure.
4. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that opens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: brushless dual-feedback wind power generator (2) comprises stator (8), rotor (9) and rotating shaft (11), embed the different winding of two cover numbers of poles on the described stator, be power winding (3) and control winding (4), number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates, and the rotor with salient pole centerline is placed conduction cage bar, and the two ends of conduction cage bar compress to realize that with conductive ring short circuit connects, formation short circuit cage bar; Steel bushing (10) is installed between described rotating shaft and the rotor, and steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.
5. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that opens according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the power winding is exported as electric energy by the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (5) and transformer (6) access common frequency power network, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter, is connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer.
6. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that opens according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described control winding is namely controlled winding and is not made star or Angle connection for opening winding construction, and its 6 terminals are all opened and are drawn.
7. the composite rotors of opening in the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system that is applied in the claim 1 is opened the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator, it is characterized in that: this generator comprises stator (8), rotor (9) and rotating shaft (11), embed the different winding of two cover numbers of poles on the described stator, be power winding (3) and control winding (4), number of poles is respectively 2
p pWith 2
p c, the control winding terminal is designed to out winding construction; Described rotor adopts (2
p p+ 2
p c) utmost point radially lamination magnetic barrier and short circuit cage bar compound new-type rotor structure, rotor pack radially laminates; Steel bushing (10) is installed between described rotating shaft and the rotor, and steel bushing is fixed together by the alignment pin in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft.
8. brushless dual-feedback wind power generator according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the power winding is exported as electric energy by the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (5) and transformer (6) access common frequency power network, the control winding connects two-way PWM frequency converter, be connected with electrical network as AC excitation by two-way PWM frequency converter, filter and transformer, described control winding is for opening winding construction, namely control winding and do not make star or Angle connection, its 6 terminals are all opened and are drawn.
9. direct Power Control method of opening winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control system as claimed in claim 4: described direct Power Control method is that to be based upon two-phase static
DqIn the reference frame, have two control rings, only need voltage, the magnitude of current of power winding are transformed in this coordinate system, reformulate switching voltage vector option table according to the error signal of brushless double feed generator power winding active power and reactive power and the information of control sector, winding magnetic linkage place, come directly active power and the reactive power of independent control brushless double feed generator by suitable selector switch voltage vector, and then realize maximal power tracing control; Concrete control method is as follows:
In the following methods:
vBe wind speed;
n rBe generator speed;
PBe active power;
QBe reactive power;
uBe voltage;
iBe electric current; Sector_
Ψ cThe sector at expression control winding 4 magnetic linkage places; Δ represents the error amount of corresponding amount; Subscript * represents the set-point of corresponding amount; Subscript
pWith
cRepresent respectively power winding (3) and amount corresponding to control winding (4); Subscript
ABCThe expression corresponding amount is at three phase static
ABCAxle component in the coordinate system; Subscript
DqThe expression corresponding amount is static in two-phase
DqAxle component in the coordinate system;
System's excitation control mode adopts the direct Power Control method to realize maximal power tracing control, and its control method is the active power according to brushless double feed generator power winding (3)
PAnd reactive power
QThe error signal Δ
PAnd Δ
QAnd the magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ of control winding (4)
Ψ c) reformulate switching voltage vector option table, come the directly active power of independent control brushless double feed generator by suitable selector switch voltage vector
PAnd reactive power
Q, and then realize maximal power tracing control;
The mechanical output equilibrium equation of setting up brushless double feed generator is as follows
In the formula,
P mBe total mechanical output;
P PmWith
P CmBe respectively the mechanical output of power winding (3) and control winding (4);
T eBe electromagnetic torque;
Ω rBe the mechanical angle speed of rotor 9,
ω pWith
ω cBe respectively the electric current angular frequency of power winding 3 and control winding 4;
p rNumber of pole-pairs for rotor 9;
Formula (1) has provided power winding (3) and control winding (4) mechanical output component separately, and the direct Power Control strategy is only considered the active power component of power winding (3)
P PmDuring energy storage rate of change in ignoring copper loss and magnetic field, instantaneous electric power is similar to mechanical output, namely
P p≈
P Pm
In order to obtain the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator, introduce an intermediate quantity here---power winding (3) chain is crossed the flux linkage vector of control winding (4)
Ψ PcFig. 6 has provided in two-phase static
DqTwo cover stator winding flux linkage vectors in the reference frame
Ψ pWith
Ψ cAnd flux linkage vector
Ψ PcRotary speed and position relationship;
It should be noted that flux linkage vector
Ψ PcTo control winding (4) side electric current angular frequency
ω cSpeed rotation, with control winding (4) magnetic linkage
Ψ cRelatively static, and be not power winding (3) the side angle frequency that produces it
ω pSpeed rotation, this frequency change is produced by the modulating action of rotor (9) to stator magnet kinetic potential waveform, this also is the Basic Mechanism of magnetic Field Coupling and torque generation in the brushless double feed generator; Therefore, the electromagnetic torque equation of brushless double feed generator can be expressed as
In the formula,
Be magnetic leakage factor;
L pWith
L cBe respectively the self-induction of power winding (3) and control winding (4);
M PcIt is the mutual inductance between the two cover stator winding;
δBe flux linkage vector
Ψ PcWith
Ψ cBetween angle; This shows contacting between brushless double feed generator and the common induction generator, although their operation logic is different, from the angle of generation electromagnetic torque,
Y PcWith
Y cBe similar to respectively rotor and the stator magnetic linkage of common induction generator;
The magnetic linkage of power winding 3 in the formula (2)
Y pCan be expressed as
In the formula,
u pWith
i pBe respectively voltage vector and the current phasor of power winding (3);
Because the resistance drop of power winding (3)
R p i pVoltage influence to power winding (3) is very little, can ignore, and power winding (3) requires it to be output as constant frequency and constant voltage as electric energy output end, i.e. voltage
u pAmplitude and frequency remain unchanged, can think thus power winding (3) magnetic linkage
Y pAmplitude and rotary speed substantially constant, again because
, so magnetic linkage
Y PcAmplitude also be approximately constant, according to formula (1) and formula (2) as can be known, put on the switching voltage vector of control winding (4) by control
u Ck(
k=0,1 ..., 7) and change fast the magnetic linkage angle
dSize, can reach control active power
P pPurpose, to reactive power
Q pControl principle with
P pSimilar, just logical relation is different, has just repeated no more here;
According to wind speed
vWith the wind energy conversion system operation characteristic, obtain the absorption maximum performance number, and then obtain the active power set-point
P *, detect brushless double feed generator power winding (3) at three phase static
ABCElectric current and voltage value in the coordinate system
u PABCWith
i PABC, because the direct Power Control method is that to be based upon two-phase static
DqIn the reference frame, therefore need coordinate transform, with three phase static
ABCIt is static that two-phase is changed in electric current and voltage quantitative change in the coordinate system
DqIn the coordinate system, utilize two-phase static
DqThe electric current and voltage value of power winding (3) in the coordinate system
u PdqWith
i PdqCalculate the actual value of active power and reactive power
PWith
Q, shown in (4), more respectively with their set-point
P *With
Q *Compare, with the error amount Δ after relatively
PAnd Δ
QInput respectively hysteresis comparator (18); Utilize the reactive power rate of change of power winding (4) to estimate the flux linkage vector of control winding (4) in which sector; Output and control winding (4) magnetic linkage place sector auxiliary information (sector_ according to two hysteresis comparators (18)
Ψ c) select suitable switching voltage vector, and then drive inverter (16);
10. the winding brushless dual-feedback wind power generator direct Power Control method of opening according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described two control rings, one is the active power control ring, one is the Reactive Power Control ring, its effect is that the set-point of active power and reactive power is compared with their actual value respectively, error amount is relatively inputted respectively two hysteresis comparators, the output of these two hysteresis comparators is as the foundation of selector switch voltage vector, and then the actual value of correction active power and reactive power, make its tracing preset value;
The information of sector, described control winding magnetic linkage place is that the rate of change by power winding reactive power obtains;
Described both end power supplying formula cascade multilevel inverter adopts this direct Power Control method to control, and to drive brushless double feed generator, realizes the independent control to the every phase current of control winding.
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Application publication date: 20130320 |