CN103158888A - 生产大型集成翼型的方法和装置 - Google Patents

生产大型集成翼型的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103158888A
CN103158888A CN2012105371884A CN201210537188A CN103158888A CN 103158888 A CN103158888 A CN 103158888A CN 2012105371884 A CN2012105371884 A CN 2012105371884A CN 201210537188 A CN201210537188 A CN 201210537188A CN 103158888 A CN103158888 A CN 103158888A
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spar
string
covering
instrument
curing
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CN2012105371884A
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CN103158888B (zh
Inventor
M·W·汉森
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835Heat curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4344Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43441Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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Abstract

本发明是生产大型集成翼型的方法和装置,涉及通过用具有固化翼梁腹板和未固化翼梁弦的翼梁装配固化蒙皮来生产翼型。通过固化翼梁弦将该蒙皮结合到翼梁。

Description

生产大型集成翼型的方法和装置
技术领域
本公开一般涉及生产翼型,例如机翼和稳定翼的技术和设备,且更具体涉及生产由复合材料形成的大型集成翼型的方法和装置。
背景技术
用紧固件可建造大型复合翼型结构,例如翼盒,从而机械地装配多个复合部件。使用紧固件具有许多缺点,其包括但不限于增加零件数目、增大紧固件钻孔和装配的人工成本、增加结构的重量以及导致紧固件对雷击的敏感性。
通过集成复合部件来减少零件数目可克服使用紧固件装配机械的一些缺点,然而复合结构的大型集成存在若干挑战。例如,尽管大型集成可减少零件的数量,但是在最终的结合操作之前,一些零件仍需要特殊存储、处理和跟踪。这些要求又会增加在半制品(WIP)、工具匝道和冷冻机存储空间。而且,大型集成所需的加工可能相对复杂、笨重且昂贵。例如,在不使用复杂且高价的匹配模具工具的情况下实现期望的对大型集成结构的尺寸控制可能是不容易的。此外,最终的结合工具会需要额外的笨重且昂贵的强化结构,以便承受热压加工所施加的力。
大型集成结构可需要相应大面积的真空装袋,其安装可能是劳动密集型的,且可能带来固化之前不易发现和修复的袋漏。大型集成带来的另一个挑战牵涉到如下事实,即某些NDI(无损检测)操作只能在最终固化之后执行。由于较小部分中的非顺从性,在最终的固化步骤之后执行NDI可能不允许早期发现需要返工的零件,且可导致昂贵的修理或相对大的零件或组件的报废。
因此,需要生产大型集成复合结构(例如翼型)的方法和装置,该方法和装置更少地需要大型、昂贵和/或复杂工具来维持对被装配零件的尺寸控制,同时减少最终固化操作期间所需的真空装袋量。也需要上述的方法和装置,其可允许在集成成最终结构之前早期探测到需要返工的零件,且其可避免大型装配零件承受热压压力的需要。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供了生产大型集成复合结构,例如翼型的方法和装置,其利用部件的共同结合以便减少或省去紧固件,且用相对小而轻的工具达到期望的尺寸稳定。在一个实施例中,用预固化蒙皮和翼梁腹板生产翼盒,使用相对简单且便宜的工具用未固化的翼梁弦装配翼梁腹板。预固化蒙皮和翼梁以集成的方式使用简单的内部工具被组合在一起,这允许这些工作其自身用作最终结合工具。最终的固化可需要仅施加到翼梁弦的面积的热压力,且减少或省去了需要全部组件来反作用于这些大的热压力。在一些申请中,取决于所用的材料系统,可在炉中以大气压力或接近大气压力来完成最终的固化。最终的固化工具需要非OML(外模线)界定或广泛支持大结构。在热压固化期间,未固化的翼梁弦能自由移动,以响应热压压力,该热压压力使未固化的翼梁弦适应且将其自身塑模成蒙皮的IML(内模线),从而在翼梁和蒙皮之间提供良好的匹配。预固化蒙皮和翼梁腹板的使用,以及集成的工具和特定装袋技术,简化了大型的最终固化加工,同时极大减少了真空装袋量和相关的复合工具。而且,集成工具允许薄零件的处理和分度,该零件例如翼梁弦,同时减少损坏的风险,且集成工具提供了对大型宽松的未固化细节(例如翼梁弦)的连续支承,同时最小化了对于辅助设备的需求。本公开的方法和装置允许最终结合操作之前的复合部件的NDI,且显著减少了返工的需要。
本公开的实施例的另一个优点在于,在最终结合操作之前,可净修剪预固化蒙皮和翼梁。左手和右手型的大型集成结构可构建在相同的最终结合夹具上。用可再利用的装袋观念简化且可以完成真空装袋。由于最终的结合工具重量的减少,相比大的典型CFPR(碳纤维增强塑料)集成结构,可显著减少最终的固化周期。
根据一个公开的实施例,提供了生产翼型的方法,其包括:制造一对固化的复合蒙皮;制造至少一个翼梁,包括装配未固化的翼梁弦和至少一个固化的翼梁腹板以及装配固化蒙皮和翼梁;以及固化翼梁弦。该方法进一步包括随着翼梁弦固化,贴着固化蒙皮压实翼梁弦。装配蒙皮和翼梁包括将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦保持在工具中,且在每个蒙皮的内模线均接近翼梁弦的情况下将蒙皮安装在工具上。将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦保持在工具中包括将翼梁弦粘附于翼梁腹板,且将翼梁腹板夹在工具中。装配固化蒙皮和翼梁包括在每个蒙皮中形成孔洞,且通过将紧固件穿过孔洞插入到工具中,将所述蒙皮可移除地安装在所述工具上。装配固化蒙皮和翼梁也可包括通过将工具安装到分度杆上,相对于固化蒙皮分度翼梁。
根据另一个公开的实施例,提供了生产翼盒的方法。该方法包括提供一对每个都具有翼展的固化复合蒙皮,以及装配至少一个复合翼梁,其包括将未固化复合翼梁弦附接到固化复合翼梁腹板。该方法进一步包括将翼梁和固化蒙皮沿着翼展彼此保持在装配的被分度关系,且通过固化未固化的复合翼梁弦,将翼梁结合到固化的复合蒙皮。该方法可进一步包括随着固化翼梁弦,生成贴着翼梁腹板和蒙皮压实翼梁弦的压实力。通过将真空袋分别装设在翼梁弦之上且抽空每个真空袋来压实翼梁弦。蒙皮和翼梁腹板用于反作用于压实力。
根据再另一个实施例,提供了生产翼盒的装置,其包括工具和夹具;工具适于在蒙皮接近翼梁的未固化部分的情况下将至少一个复合翼梁保持在两个蒙皮之间;夹具在固化翼梁的未固化部分期间支承工具。工具包括第一和第二工具部分,翼梁可夹在第一和第二工具部分之间,且蒙皮附接到第一和第二工具部分。每个工具部分包括至少一个真空袋,该真空袋用于在固化期间压实翼梁的未固化部分。夹具进一步包括穿过且支承工具的多个分度杆。工具具有将第一和第二工具部分夹抵于翼梁的夹头。
总之,根据本发明的一个方面,其提供了生产翼型的方法,其包括制造一对固化复合蒙皮;制造至少一个翼梁,包括装配未固化的翼梁弦和至少一个固化的复合翼梁腹板;将固化蒙皮装配到翼梁;以及固化翼梁弦。
有利地,该方法进一步包括贴着固化蒙皮压实翼梁弦。
有利地,该方法中装配蒙皮和翼梁包括将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦保持在工具中,且在每个蒙皮的内模线均接近翼梁弦的情况下将蒙皮安装在工具上。
有利地,该方法中将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦保持在工具中包括将翼梁弦粘附于翼梁腹板,且将翼梁腹板夹在工具中。
有利地,该方法中装配固化蒙皮和翼梁包括在每个蒙皮中形成孔洞,且通过将紧固件穿过孔洞插入到工具中将蒙皮可移除地安装在工具上。
有利地,该方法中装配固化蒙皮和翼梁包括通过将工具安装在分度杆上来相对于固化蒙皮分度翼梁。
有利地,该方法中装配蒙皮和翼梁包括将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦保持在工具中,以及在每个蒙皮的内模线均接近翼梁弦的情况下将蒙皮安装在工具上,以及通过在工具上分别安置真空袋来覆盖翼梁弦且抽空真空袋,贴着蒙皮压实翼梁弦。
有利地,该方法中装配固化蒙皮和翼梁包括在装配夹具上放置工具,在工具上装配固化翼梁腹板和未固化翼梁弦,以及将具有装配的翼梁腹板和翼梁弦的工具转移到固化夹具。
有利地,该方法中装配未固化的翼梁弦和至少一个固化的复合翼梁腹板包括贴着至少一个未固化的翼梁腹板预压实翼梁弦。
有利地,该方法中预压实包括贴着翼梁弦分别放置弦压实工具,以及贴着翼梁弦分别压实弦压实工具。
有利地,该方法中装配蒙皮和翼梁包括将翼梁和翼梁压实工具转移到内部工具,以及在每个蒙皮的内模线均接近翼梁弦的情况下将蒙皮安装在内部工具上,并且固化翼梁弦包括用翼梁压实工具贴着蒙皮和至少一个翼梁腹板压实翼梁弦。
通过该方法生产翼型。
根据本发明的另一方面,其提供了生产翼盒的方法,其包括提供一对每个都具有翼展的固化复合蒙皮;装配至少一个复合翼梁,这包括将未固化的复合翼梁弦附接到固化的复合翼梁腹板;沿着翼展将翼梁和固化蒙皮保持成彼此装配的被分度关系;通过固化未固化的复合翼梁弦将翼梁结合到固化的复合蒙皮。
有利地,该方法进一步包括当固化翼梁弦时,生成贴着翼梁腹板和蒙皮压实翼梁弦的压实力。
有利地,该方法中压实翼梁弦包括在翼梁弦上分别安置真空袋,以及抽空真空袋。
有利地,该方法中蒙皮和翼梁腹板用于反作用于压实力。
有利地,该方法中装配翼梁包括层置和固化复合翼梁腹板,层置和成形复合翼梁弦,给翼梁腹板和翼梁弦的其中之一应用粘合剂,将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦装配在一起,将翼梁腹板和翼梁弦压实在一起。
有利地,该方法进一步包括装配翼梁和蒙皮,包括将装配的翼梁放置在工具中,将蒙皮附接到工具,以及将装配的蒙皮和翼梁转移到固化夹具。
有利地,该方法中通过将固化夹具放置在热压器中,以及基本仅使翼梁弦经受热压压力。
根据本发明的又另一方面,其提供了生产翼盒的装置,其包括工具和夹具,其中工具适于在翼梁的未固化部分接近蒙皮的情况下将至少一个复合翼梁保持在两个蒙皮之间,夹具在固化翼梁未固化部分期间支承工具。
有利地,该装置中工具包括第一和第二工具部分,翼梁可夹在第一和第二工具部分之间,且蒙皮附接到第一和第二工具部分。
有利地,该装置中每个工具部分包括至少一个真空袋以用于在固化期间压实翼梁的未固化部分。
有利地,该装置中夹具包括多个穿过且支承工具的对准分度杆。
有利地,该装置中工具包括贴着翼梁夹持第一和第二工具部分的夹头。
参考以下附图说明,在本公开的各种实施例中可独立地实现特征、功能和优点,或者特征、功能和优点可结合进说明进一步细节的再另外的实施例中。
附图说明
在权利要求中阐明了被认为是有利实施例的特点的新颖特征。当连同附图参阅时,通过参考本公开的有利实施例的以下详细描述,将最佳地理解有利实施例,然而,以及所用的优先模式,其进一步的目标和优点,其中:
图1阐明了具有根据公开的实施例所生产翼型的飞机。
图2阐明了沿图1中的线2-2截取的剖面图。
图3阐明了根据公开的实施例的用于生产翼型的装置的整体功能块框图。
图4阐明了生产翼型的方法的流程图。
图5阐明了固化夹具和一对内部工具的端视图,其中为了清楚没有示出蒙皮和翼梁。
图6阐明了以图5所示的“6”的方向所观察的侧面图。
图7A-7D示出生产腹板弦的连续步骤的图解。
图8A-8C示出生产填料的连续步骤的图解。
图9-12阐明了压实工具组件的横截面图,其示出了装配和压实翼梁部件的连续步骤。
图13阐明了装载内部工具的下部部分期间翼梁预装配夹具的端视图。
图14是类似于图13的图解,但其示出了被完全装载的下部工具部分,且描绘了正被装载到下部工具部分上的过程中的被装配翼梁。
图15是类似于图14的图解,但其示出了正在被装载到预装配夹具上的过程中内部工具的上部部分。
图16是类似于图15的图解,但其示出了已装载的上部工具部分,且其描绘了夹紧套筒轴环的安装。
图17是类似于图16的图解,但其示出了完全安装的夹紧套筒轴环和夹在内部工具中的翼梁。
图18是类似于图17的图解,但其示出了内部工具的装配和从预装配夹具取走的被夹持的翼梁。
图19阐明了示出内部工具和被装载到固化夹具上的被夹持翼梁的端视图。
图20是类似于图19的图解,但其示出了第二内部工具和正在被装载在固化夹具上的过程中的被夹持翼梁。
图21阐明了类似于图16的侧面图,但其示出了分别保持在图20所示的内部工具中且沿固化夹具的长度分度的两个翼梁。
图22阐明了示出蒙皮中分度孔的放置和两个翼梁腹板的横截面图。
图23阐明了固化夹具的端视图,其示出了正在被安装在内部工具上的过程中的蒙皮。
图24是类似于图23的图解,但其示出了贴着内部工具放置的蒙皮和准备安装的紧固件销。
图24A是图23中指定为图24A的区域的图解,且其阐明了翼梁弦和蒙皮之间的间隙。
图25是类似于图24的图解,但其示出了已安装在固化夹具上的撑杆。
图26阐明了以图25中所示的“26”的方向观察的侧面图。
图27阐明了示出翼盒的端视图,在最终固化之后该翼盒从固化夹具移除。
图28阐明了示出翼盒的侧面图,在最终固化之后该翼盒从固化夹具取走。
图29阐明了翼盒的横截面图,其示出了被插入内部工具内的拆卸工具。
图30是类似于图29的图解,其示出了已经移除的拆卸工具和已经从内部工具释放的夹紧套筒。
图31阐明了当内部工具从其中移除时翼盒的平面图。
图32阐明了示出有助于压缩翼梁弦的弦压实工具的立体图。
图33-36是类似于图9-12的图解,其示出了用图32所示的弦压实工具装配和压实翼梁部件的连续步骤。
图37是内部工具的下部部分的替换性形式的横截面图,该内部工具适于用于图32所示的弦压实工具。
图38是类似于图37的图解,但其示出了图36的被装配翼梁,该被装配翼梁正在被装载到图34所示的内部工具的下部部分上。
图39是类似于图38的图解,但其示出了正在被装载到翼梁上的内部工具的上部部分。
图40是类似于图39的图解,但其示出了被完全装配在翼梁上的内部工具。
图41是具有修剪端的翼梁弦的替换性形式的横截面图。
图42是沿着一侧渐缩的翼梁腹板的一端的图解。
图43是类似于图41的图解,但其具有未修剪的弦端,且示出了图42的翼梁腹板的使用。
图44是类似于图42的图解,但其示出了具有一个凸缘的翼梁弦的使用,且其内锥度匹配图42所示的翼梁腹板的锥度。
图45是类似于图44的图解,但其示出了翼梁腹板和翼梁弦,其中翼梁腹板具有对称渐缩/锥形端,翼梁弦在内部渐缩以匹配翼梁腹板的锥度。
图46是分解形式中的图45所示的部件的图解。
图47图45中指定为图47的区域的图解。
图48是具有外锥形凸缘的翼梁弦的另一实施例的图解。
图49阐明了示出生产翼型的方法的额外细节的流程图。
图50阐明了飞行器生产和使用方法学的流程图。
图51阐明了飞行器的框图。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,飞行器100包括具有一个或多个翼型的机身102,该翼型在所阐明的示例中包括机翼104、水平稳定翼106和竖直稳定翼108。图2阐明了典型翼盒110,例如但不限于,其可形成图1所示的飞行器100的每个机翼104中的一部分。翼盒110沿机翼104的图1所示的翼展方向105延伸(进入图2中的纸中),且大体上包括被夹在一对外部蒙皮114之间的一个或更多个翼梁112。翼梁112以及外部蒙皮114中每个都可以包括纤维加强层压复合材料,例如但不限于,碳纤维环氧树脂。
翼梁112沿翼弦方向128以合适的距离间隔开,以满足设计要求。每个翼梁112均包括翼梁腹板116,其位于横于机翼蒙皮114延伸的平面内。每个翼梁112进一步包括一对翼梁弦118,其在翼梁腹板116的相反端上。每个翼梁弦118均在横截面中是大体L形,且包括凸缘120、122。如以下更详细讨论的,每个凸缘122均被结合到翼梁腹板116,且每个凸缘120均被结合到蒙皮114其中之一的IML(内模线)115。为了以下将讨论的目的,每个翼梁腹板116在中间区域内都包括分度孔126。由复合材料或合适的粘合剂形成的半径范围/半径填料(radiusfiller)124填充翼梁腹板116的端部、翼梁弦118和蒙皮114之间的空间,以便加强翼梁112和蒙皮114之间的结合。图2和随后讨论的附图阐明了基本平坦的翼盒110,然而包括翼梁腹板116和/或蒙皮114的翼盒110可以典型地沿一个或更多个方向成轮廓/具有曲型,包括沿与翼展方向105(图1)和沿图2所示的翼弦方向128弯曲。
现在注意图3,其大体上阐明了生产复合翼型,例如图2所示的翼盒110的装置135。该装置135大体上包括一个或更多个内部工具138和一个固化夹具140。将包括翼梁腹板116和“绿色/生坯”翼梁弦118的翼梁112夹到内部工具138。蒙皮114然后沿着翼盒110的翼展方向(图1)与翼梁112以分度关系被暂时固定到内部工具138。将翼梁112和蒙皮114的组件装载到固化夹具140上,且可将全部的被装配结构放置在热压器中用于最终固化。如以下更详细讨论,预固化翼梁腹板116以及蒙皮114,且当全部的被装配结构放置在热压器中以用于最终固化时固化翼梁弦118。或者,取决于在具体应用中所用的材料系统,以大气压力或接近大气压力(例如15psi),在炉中完成最终固化。
图4大体阐明了生产复合翼型,例如图2所示的翼盒110的方法的步骤。从130开始,制造且预固化复合蒙皮114。类似地,在131处,制造且预固化一个或更多个复合翼梁腹板。利用传统的生产复合材料层压生产技术,包括自动或手工层置层板,可生产蒙皮114和翼梁腹板116。接下来,在132处,通过将未固化的翼梁弦118和填料124附接到预固化的翼梁腹板116,制造至少一个翼梁112。在步骤134处,装配预固化的蒙皮114和翼梁112。贴着蒙皮114压实翼梁弦118。最后,在步骤136处,固化翼梁弦118,从而将它们共同结合到预固化的翼梁腹板116和预固化的蒙皮114二者。
现在注意图5和图6,其阐明了内部工具138和固化夹具140的额外细节。在该示例中示出了一对内部工具138,然而,在其它实施例中,可利用多于或少于一个内部工具138,这取决于翼盒110(图2)中所用的翼梁112的数目。每个内部工具138均包括第一和第二半或部分138a和138b,为了方便起见,其在以下被称为上部工具部分138a和下部工具部分138b。通过包括夹紧套筒轴环146的可移除的夹紧套筒144将上部和下部工具部分138a、138b联接在一起。
固化夹具140包括多个隔开的分度杆154,其被支承在基部150上。分度杆154在多个位置沿着固化夹具140的全部长度支承且分度内部工具138。内部工具138沿翼盒110的全部翼展延伸。如以下将讨论,在最终固化过程期间,内部工具138可不受热压力。因为要求其大体匹配蒙皮114的曲率,所以内部工具138具有弯曲的外表面226。固化夹具140可进一步包括撑杆152以按要求支承分度杆154和内部工具138。在此应注意,在所阐明的示例中,因为预固化蒙皮114限定OML,所以内部工具138和固化夹具工具140不要求限定翼盒110的OML(外模线)的任何结构。
如稍后可见的,分度杆154、基部150和撑杆152基本上提供相对简单的保持夹具,以用于在最终固化期间沿翼盒110的翼展方向105(图1)将内部工具138保持在分度位置中。为了稍后可见的目的,每个上部和下部工具部分138a、138b均包括大体L形凹槽142。固定到分度杆154的分度止挡件148确定每个内部工具138在固化夹具140上的竖直位置。
现在参考图7A,通过利用例如数控自动工艺,如自动纤维铺放机,装配平坦的多层板复合叠层159,从而可生产图2所示的每个翼梁弦118。其它层置技术也是可能的。参考图7B,平坦叠层158可能是于合适的滚料板160上下垂形成的热帘,从而使平坦叠层158形成期望形状的翼梁弦118e。其它的成形技术也是可能的。接下来,如图7C所示,可将粘合剂161的层应用在所形成的翼梁弦118,随后,如图7D所示,可将翼梁弦118从滚料板160移除,且将其以生坯状态或未固化状态按要求被修剪。或者,当装配翼梁112的部件时,可将粘合剂161的层应用到翼梁腹板116,如关于图9在以下所讨论。
图8A-8C阐明了形成填料124的方法。如图8A所示,包括粘合剂或层压板的填料124材料的长度可放置在模块164的模槽166中。然后,如图8B所示,用合适的工具168将填料124压成模槽166,从而将填料124材料形成所期望的横截面形状。参考图8C,可将完成的填料124从模块164移除,且将其以生坯状态或未固化状态按要求修剪。
图9-12顺序地阐明了用压实工具组件165预装配翼梁112的部件且贴着翼梁腹板116预压实翼梁弦118的一个合适技术。压实工具组件165包括顶部和底部滚料板170、172以及横向滚料板176、178。压实工具组件165进一步包括多个间隔开的中心对准销180,其固定在下部滚料板172上且对准上部滚料板170中的相应孔洞174并被接收在上部滚料板170中的相应孔洞174中。对准销180的间距及其横截面尺寸和形状大体对应图5和图6所示的分度杆154的间距及其横截面尺寸和形状。
翼梁腹板116可包括固化的平坦复合层压件,其具有多个间隔开的中心孔径126,在其中相应接收所述对准销180,从而固化翼梁腹板116中对准压实工具组件165中。如图9所示,装配固化的翼梁腹板116、未固化的填料124和未固化的翼梁弦118。随后,如图10所示,用滚料板170、172、176、178预压实翼梁112的部件。用传统的真空袋(无图示)或压制设备(无图示)可压实滚料板170、172、176。随着贴着翼梁腹板116和填料124压实翼梁弦118,粘合剂161(图7C、图7D)有助于将未固化的翼梁弦118保持在固化的翼梁腹板116上。压实后,提起上部滚料板170,如图11所示,这允许装配的翼梁112从下部滚料板172和对准销180移除,如图12所示。如稍后更详细所讨论的,翼梁弦118各位置粘附于翼梁腹板116以致翼梁弦118从蒙皮114的IML(内模线)115(图2)稍微退后,以确保当它们装配在一起时没有安装干涉。
图13阐明了预装配夹具200,其用于将每个翼梁112预装配于内部工具138(图5)。预装配夹具200包括在对应图5所示的分度杆154位置的间隔分度位置处安装在基部202上的多个杆204。每个杆204包括止挡件148。每个夹紧套筒144被套在杆204中的对应一个杆上,且被止挡件148其中之一竖直地定位。如155处所示,通过双密封件192将分别延伸内部工具138长度的真空袋190的条带被密封于下部工具部分138b,从而覆盖凹槽142。在下部内部工具部分138b上安装真空袋190之后,工具部分138b被装载198到预装配夹具200上,其中杆204穿过内部工具部分138b中的中心内部孔径194。内真空袋190被抽成真空,这导致真空袋被下拉成贴着下部工具部分138b的凹入部分196。以该方式下拉真空袋190贴着工具部分138a确保了真空袋190不会干涉后续装配的部件直到为最终固化最好准备。接下来,如图14所示,装配的翼梁112被装载到下部工具部分138b上,且沿着翼梁112的全部长度被杆204分度。
现在参考图15,真空袋190的条带被安装在上部内部工具部分138a,且被双密封件192密封于上部内部工具部分138a。上部内部工具部分138a然后被装载210到预装配夹具200上,从而导致翼梁腹板116被卡在相应内部工具部分138a、138b的对置面214、216之间,如图16最佳所见。夹紧套筒轴环146安装212在夹紧套筒144上,从而将内部工具部分138a、138b与被夹在其中的翼梁112锁在一起,如图17所示。接着该夹紧过程之后,如图18所示,与被夹持的翼梁112一起的整个内部工具138可从预装配夹具200移除。应注意,根据本公开的实施例,此处避免了对真空装袋蒙皮114或翼梁腹板116中任意一者的需要,因为它们被预固化了。因此,使真空装袋的总面积(限制于翼梁弦118的面积)基本被最小化。
现在参考图19,之后将与被夹持的翼梁112一起的内部工具部分138转移到固化夹具140,且向下被套220在分度杆154上直到夹紧套筒144的下部轴环144a接合止挡件148。如图20和图21所示,与另一被夹持翼梁112一起的第二内部工具138’可被装载到固化夹具140上,且被放置成在分度杆154上贴着第二组止挡件148。图21阐明了该装配过程之后的内部工具138、138’和翼梁112的位置。关于图5和图6如前所讨论,多个分度杆154支承内部工具138,且被对准成使得它们在多个位置沿着固化夹具140的全部长度分度内部工具138。
现在参考图22,如前所述,每个翼梁腹板116均具有多个中心孔径126,所述中心孔径126沿着翼盒110的翼展分度翼梁腹板116。之后,通过任何合适的过程来形成分度孔洞114,例如通过在蒙皮114中钻孔。如图23所示,分度孔洞114和蒙皮114被对准于每个内部工具138的外部表面226。蒙皮114贴着工具138的外部面226安装224,随后,如图24所示,紧固件销228穿过分度孔洞114被插入,以便将蒙皮114可释放地附接到内部工具138。例如但不限于,销228可包括球形锁定销。参考图24A,如前所述,翼梁弦118可稍离开于蒙皮114的IML 115,从而形成小间隙“G”。间隙“G”有助于确保蒙皮114贴着工具138的外部面226齐平密封,而没有由于与翼梁弦118的可能接触而导致的干涉。
现在参考图25和图26,在将蒙皮114附接到内部工具138之后,撑杆152可安装在固化夹具140上,以便沿着固化夹具140的整个长度稳定内部工具138,以准备最终的固化操作。
再参考图24A,在准备最终固化的过程中,先前在真空袋190上所抽的真空被逆反,使真空袋190贴着翼梁腹板116和蒙皮114压实翼梁弦118。因此,应理解,仅翼梁112和蒙皮114产生基本反作用于袋的压实力。固化夹具140可放置在热压器(无图示)中,从而随着贴着翼梁腹板116和蒙皮114压实未固化的翼梁弦118,固化未固化的翼梁弦118。真空袋190施加到翼梁弦118的压实力,与热压压力(根据需要)一起,将翼梁弦118的凸缘120(图2)压抵于蒙皮114的IML115,从而翼梁弦118符合且模制成IML 115中的任何变化或波动(无图示)。固化夹具140和内部工具138的组合维持了整个最终固化期间翼梁112和蒙皮114的分度位置。此外,在整个装配和固化过程中,结合固化夹具140来使用内部工具138坚固地支承和加强了未固化的翼梁弦118,同时最小化对于辅助装备的需要。因此,大大减少或省去了对易碎零件(例如翼梁弦118的)的损坏可能性。
现在参考图27,最终固化之后,上部翼梁分度止挡件148可被移除231,从而允许翼盒110与内部工具138一起沿分度杆154上滑,且从固化夹具140取走235,如图28所示。
现在参考图29,通过穿过夹紧套筒144插入240拆卸工具234的柄236,可从已完成的翼盒110移除内部工具138。拆卸工具234可包括把手238,其被旋转来解锁和释放夹紧套筒轴环146b。如图30所示,在夹紧套筒轴环146释放的情况下,利用拆卸工具234可从内部工具138拆卸和移除夹紧套筒144。移除销228,从而从内部工具138处松开蒙皮114,从而允许通过翼盒110的内侧端255收回内部工具138,如图31所示。取决于应用,可在内部工具138和蒙皮114的IML 115之间提供一定程度的牵引(未示出),从而便于移除内部工具138。通过内侧端255可移除和收回244真空袋190。移除销228之后,孔洞114a(图22)被合适的紧固件或填料(无图示)填充。视情况,在移除内部工具138之后,可需要修剪翼梁弦118的端部(无图示)。
取决于应用,随着翼梁弦118装配到翼梁腹板116上以及/或者在最终固化期间,给翼梁弦118施加额外的压实压力是必要的或可取的。在这样的应用中,可利用图32所示的弦压实工具给每个毛坯翼梁弦118施加直接压实压力。图33-36阐明了压实工具组件245的替换形式,其类似于图9-12所示的压实工具组件165,其利用弦压实工具246。压实工具组件245包括上部和下部滚料板170、170以及侧面滚料板176、178,以及四个弦压实工具246。弦压实工具246被接收在预成形的翼梁弦118中,且每个都包括外倒圆角246a(图34),该外倒圆角可有助于更完全地形成和压实翼梁弦118的内半径。每个弦压实工具246进一步包括斜侧面246b,顶部和底部滚料板170、172上的斜面170a、172b分别给所述斜侧面246b施加压力。
随着图34所示的压实翼梁112之后,如图35所示,取走248顶部滚料板170,且分开250侧面滚料板176、178,从而允许从底部滚料板172取走252翼梁112,如图36所示。当压实的翼梁112从底部滚料板172取走252且被转移到图37-40所示的内部工具的下部部分138b时,弦压实工具246保持被装配于翼梁112。图37-40所示的上部和下部内部工具部分138a、138b类似于先前结合图13-20所描述的,不过在这个示例中每个内部工具部分138a、138b均包括斜角254,所述斜角254适于接合弦压实工具246的斜侧面246b(图32)。在如图38所示将翼梁112装载到下部内部工具部分138b上后,上部内部工具部分138ab被装载到翼梁112上,如图39所示。随着该装配过程之后,翼梁腹板116分别夹在上部和下部工具部分138a、138b的对置表面214、214之间,如图40所示。
现在参考图41,在一些应用中,施加到翼梁弦118的压实压力会在凸缘120、122外端处不良地扭曲加强纤维。为了避免该纤维扭曲且为了确保给翼梁弦118的端部更均匀地施加压力,在关于图7A-7D的前述过程中翼梁弦118被预成形为其毛坯状态之后,可修剪凸缘120、122的外缘260成锥形。
图42和图43阐明了翼梁112的替换形式,其中翼梁腹板116a的每个外端部116b的一个侧面在116c处渐缩。在该示例中,翼梁弦118其中之一的凸缘122相对于翼梁腹板116a的中心轴线262以角θ倾斜,以便齐平于翼梁腹板116a上的锥度116c。
图44阐明了翼梁腹板112的另一实施例,其类似于图43所示,然而在该示例中,凸缘122的外侧面122b以角θ处渐缩,大体等同于对置凸缘122的锥形内侧面122a。
图45-47阐明了翼梁112的又另一实施例。在该示例中,翼梁腹板116b的外端部116b是对称地双侧渐缩,从而大体匹配每个凸缘122的锥形内侧面122a。
图48阐明了翼梁弦118的另一变化,其中凸缘120、122的外侧面120b、122b每个都向内渐缩。
现在注意图49,其阐明了生产如前面所讨论的翼型的方法的额外细节。在264处,蒙皮114和翼梁腹板116被层置且然后在266处固化。在268处,可根据需要修剪和检查蒙皮114和翼梁腹板116。在270处,可在分度位置在蒙皮和翼梁腹板中形成分度孔洞114a。在272处,翼梁弦118被层置且翼梁弦118形成期望的横截面形状。在276处,可给翼梁弦118施加粘合剂,且在278处,可形成半径填料124。在280处,包括翼梁腹板116、翼梁弦118和填料124的翼梁112被装配且被压在一起。在282处,条带真空袋190被安装且密封在内部工具138上,且在284处,将内部工具138装载到预装配夹具200上。
在286处,给真空袋190施加真空,其将真空袋拉抵于内部工具138。在288处,将预装配的翼梁112装载到内部工具138上,且在290处,将翼梁112夹持于内部工具138。在292处,从预装配夹具处移除被夹持的翼梁112和内部工具138的组合,且将其转移到固化夹具140,在此沿其整个翼展分度翼梁112。在294处,蒙皮114暂时紧固到内部工具138。接下来,在296处,撑杆152视情况可安装在固化夹具140上,且在298处,真空袋190上的真空被逆反,从而贴着蒙皮114和翼梁腹板116压实翼梁弦118。
在300处,将与装配的翼梁112和蒙皮114一起的固化夹具140装载进热压器或类似的固化炉,且在302处,固化翼梁弦118。在304处,将固化夹具140从热压器或炉中移除,且在306处,将固化的翼盒110从固化夹具140移除。在308处,将内部工具130和真空袋190从固化的翼盒110移除,且在310处,将蒙皮114中的分度孔动114a被紧固件或填料填充。最后,在312处,可按要求最终修剪翼梁弦118,且可无损检测翼盒110。
现在参考图50和图51,在图50所示的飞行器制造和使用方法314的背景中和图50所示的飞行器316中可利用本公开的实施例。首先转向图50,其根据有利的实施例描绘了飞行器制造和使用方法314的图解。在预生产期间,飞行器制造和使用方法314可以包括图51中飞行器316的规格和设计318以及材料采购320。
在生产期间,可进行图51中飞行器316的部件和子组件制造322以及系统集成324。之后,图51中飞行器316可经过认证和交付326,以便投入使用328。当客户使用328时,图51中的飞行器316例行进行常规保养和维修330,其包括改进、重构、翻新和其它保养或维修。
可通过系统综合供应商、第三方和/或操作者执行或实施飞行器制造和使用方法314的每个过程。为了描述的目的,系统综合供应商可以包括但不限于任意数量的飞行器制造商和主系统转包商;第三方可以包括但不限于任意数量的卖主、转包商和供应商;以及操作者可以是航空公司、租赁公司、军事机构、服务组织等。
现在参考图51,其描绘了飞行器316的图解,其中可实施有利的实施例。在该示例中,通过图51中的飞行器制造和使用方法314生产飞行器316,且飞行器316包括具有多个系统334和内部336的飞机机架332。系统334的示例包括推进系统338、电气系统340、液压系统342和环境系统344中的一个或更多个。可包括许多其它系统。尽管示出了航空航天的示例,但是可将不同的有利实施例应用到其它行业,例如航海和汽车行业。
在图51中飞行器制造和使用方法314的至少一个阶段期间,可利用在此所体现的装置和方法。在一个阐明的示例中,以类似于飞行器316处于使用328(图50)时制作的部件或子组件的方式来生产或制造图50中部件和子组件制造322中所制作的部件或子组件。作为再另一个实施例,在生产阶段中,例如图50中部件和子组件制造322和系统集成324期间,可利用若干装置实施例、方法实施例或其组合。当指项目时,若干的意思是一个或更多个项目。例如,若干装置实施例是一个或更多个装置实施例。当飞行器326处于使用中时且/或在图50中的保养和维修330期间,可利用若干装置实施例、方法实施例或其组合。若干不同有利实施例的使用可大体加快飞行器316的装配和/或减少飞行器316的成本。
为了阐明和说明,已经提出了不同有利实施例的说明,且其不希望是彻底的以公开形式的实施例或限于以公开形式的实施例。本领域的普通技术人员将清楚许多改进和变化。另外,当与其它有利实施例相比时,不同的有利实施例可提供不同的优点。可选择和描述一个或多个实施例,以便最佳地解释实施例的原则、实践应用,从而使本领域的普通技术人员理解具有各种改进的各种实施例的公开,适合于特殊的预期使用。

Claims (15)

1.生产翼型的方法,其包括:
制造一对固化的复合蒙皮;
制造至少一个翼梁,其包括装配未固化的翼梁弦和至少一个固化的复合翼梁腹板;
将所述固化的蒙皮装配到所述翼梁;以及
固化所述翼梁弦。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其包括:
使所述翼梁弦贴着所述固化蒙皮被压实。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中装配所述蒙皮和所述翼梁包括:
将所述翼梁腹板和所述翼梁弦保持在工具中,以及
在每个所述蒙皮的内模线均接近所述翼梁弦的情况下将所述蒙皮安装到所述工具上。
4.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中将所述翼梁腹板和所述翼梁弦保持在所述工具中包括:
将所述翼梁弦粘附于所述翼梁腹板,以及
将所述翼梁腹板夹在所述工具中。
5.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中装配所述固化的蒙皮和所述翼梁包括:
在每个所述蒙皮中形成孔洞,以及
通过将销穿过所述孔洞插入到所述工具中,将所述蒙皮可移除地安装在所述工具上。
6.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中装配所述固化的蒙皮和所述翼梁包括通过将所述工具安装在分度杆上,相对于所述固化的蒙皮分度所述翼梁。
7.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中:
装配所述蒙皮和所述翼梁包括将所述翼梁腹板和所述翼梁弦保持在工具中,且在每个所述蒙皮的内模线均接近所述翼梁弦的情况下将所述蒙皮安装到所述工具上,以及
通过将真空袋分别安设在所述工具上来覆盖所述翼梁弦且抽空所述真空袋,使所述翼梁弦贴着所述固化的蒙皮被压实。
8.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中装配所述固化的蒙皮和所述翼梁包括:
将工具放置在装配夹具上,
将所述固化的翼梁腹板和所述未固化的翼梁弦装配在所述工具上,以及
将具有所述装配的翼梁腹板和翼梁弦的所述工具转移到固化夹具。
9.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中装配所述未固化的翼梁弦和至少一个固化的复合翼梁腹板包括使所述翼梁弦预贴着所述至少一个未固化的翼梁腹板被压实。
10.根据前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中所述预压实包括:
贴着所述翼梁弦分别放置弦压实工具,以及
贴着所述翼梁弦分别压实所述弦压实工具;
装配所述蒙皮和所述翼梁包括将所述翼梁和翼梁压实工具转移到内部工具,且在每个所述蒙皮的内模线均接近所述翼梁弦的情况下将所述蒙皮安装到所述内部工具上,以及
固化所述翼梁弦包括用所述翼梁压实工具使所述翼梁弦贴着所述蒙皮和所述至少一个翼梁腹板被压实。
11.用于生产翼盒的装置,其包括:
适于在至少一个复合翼梁的未固化部分接近两个蒙皮的情况下将所述至少一个复合翼梁保持在所述两个蒙皮之间的工具;以及
夹具,其用于在固化所述翼梁的所述未固化部分期间支承所述工具。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中所述工具包括第一和第二工具部分,翼梁可夹在所述第一和第二工具部分之间,且所述蒙皮可附接到所述第一和第二工具部分。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的装置,其中每个所述工具部分包括至少一个真空袋以用于在固化期间压实所述翼梁的所述未固化部分。
14.根据权利要求11至13中的任何权利要求所述的装置,其中所述夹具包括多个对齐分度杆,其穿过且支承所述工具。
15.根据权利要求11至14中的任何权利要求所述的装置,其中所述工具包括夹头以用于夹持所述第一和第二工具部分以贴着所述翼梁。
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