CN103156890B - 冬葵子及其提取物在抗sars冠状病毒感染中的应用 - Google Patents
冬葵子及其提取物在抗sars冠状病毒感染中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了冬葵子及其提取物在制备预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的药物中的应用,尤其是在制备SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂中的应用。实验表明冬葵子的95%乙醇提取物对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶活性的抑制率达到91.8%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药学领域,具体而言涉及冬葵子及其提取物的应用。
背景技术
SARS,即传染性非典型肺炎,全称为严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acuterespiratory syndrome),是一种因感染SARS相关冠状病毒而导致的新的呼吸道传染病,以发热、干咳、胸闷为主要症状,严重者出现快速进展的呼吸系统衰竭。SARS传染性极强,病情进展快速。
自2002年11月在我国广东首次发现SARS病例以来,已经有许多国家和地区的人们受到这种病毒的威胁。该病可通过人与人的密切接触和短距离接触传染性飞沫感染,而且起病急、传播快、致死率较高,因此对人民的健康危害很大。找出非典型肺炎的致病病原体,是开展有针对性的诊断、预防与治疗的基础。经过全世界科学家的共同努力,探明这种疾病为一种变异的冠状病毒所致,后将这种变异的冠状病毒命名为“SARS病毒”。
SARS冠状病毒2/3到3/4的基因组编码了两个复制酶多蛋白(replicasepolyproteins)ppla和pplab(Ziebuhr,Snijder et al.2000;Thiel,Herold et al.2001;Anand,Yang et al.2005;Ziebuhr 2005),它们只有在病毒编码的蛋白酶切割成独立亚基之后才能使病毒完成正常转录、复制功能(Ziebuhr,Snijder et al.2000;Anand,Yang etal.2005;Bartlam,Yang et al.2005),SARS冠状病毒主要蛋白酶(简称主蛋白酶,mainprotease)在这个过程中起主要作用。如果能够抑制SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的水解作用,那么将会有效地抵御SARS冠状病毒对人体的侵染。因此,SARS冠状病毒的主蛋白酶是抗SARS药物筛选的一个主要靶标。
现在已经成功研制出SARS主蛋白酶抑制剂,如阿比朵尔、来氟米特等。但是由于SARS病毒易变异的特点,耐药性的问题也随之出现,而长期的药物治疗也会带来一些副作用,且价格较高。因此,从天然产物中寻找新型SARS主蛋白酶抑制剂是现阶段亟需解决的问题。
天然产物又称次级代谢产物,具有结构多样性和生物活性多样性。天然产物及其衍生物在以往的疾病治疗中发挥了无可限量的作用,也是当今药物研发过程中最具潜力的资源之一(Newman DJ,Gragg GM,Snader KM.Nat Prod Rep,2000,17(3):215-234;Lee K-H.J Nat Prod.2004,67(2):273-283)。现在对中药等传统药物、海洋生物以及微生物代谢过程中的天然产物研究方兴未艾,每年都会有大量结构新颖的化合物被发现,这些新颖化合物是合成方法所无法实现的药物和药物先导化合物的重要源泉,在新药和先导化合物的发现中起着重要作用。对于天然产物尤其是来源于中药等的天然产物的研究是很有必要的,因为中药在我国已有数千年应用的历史,是药物小分子化合物的一个巨大的宝库,因此从中药等天然产物中进行重要病毒或重要疾病相关靶蛋白抑制剂的筛选是很有必要的。
冬葵子又名葵子、葵菜子,为锦葵科一年生草本植物冬葵(Malva crispa L.)的成熟种子。全国各地均产。夏秋季种子成熟时采收。晒干,生用,捣碎入药。本品甘寒滑利,既能利水通淋,又能下乳、润肠,二便不利者均宜。其主要成分为脂肪油及蛋白质,临床上主要用于治疗淋证、乳房胀痛、便秘等症。现代文献和考证关于冬葵子来源的认识主要集中在三种锦葵科植物上:①冬葵(Malva verticillata)的种子,而历版《中国药典》以其果实为蒙古族习用药材冬葵果;②蜀葵(Althaea rosea)的种子;③锦葵(Malva sinensis)的种子。但现今全国市场上的药用冬葵子多为锦葵科植物苘麻(Abutilon thcophrasti Medi)的种子。
关于冬葵子的文献报道较少。陈燕飞等采用薄层色谱法鉴定冬葵子中阿魏酸,为蒙药材冬葵子鉴定提供依据,为促进冬葵子的开发和利用奠定了一定的基础。杨宪煌报道了含有该药材的石苇散加减治疗泌尿系结石疗效显著。目前尚无冬葵子在抑制SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶活性中的应用。
发明内容
本发明在对冬葵子及其提取物进行研究时,发现冬葵子及其提取物对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶具有良好的抑制作用。因此可以用于制备SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂,从而用于治疗SARS冠状病毒感染。
本发明提供了冬葵子及其提取物在制备预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的药物中的应用,尤其是在抑制SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶活性的药物中的应用。
其中,本文所用的冬葵子为锦葵科植物冬葵(Malva crispa L.)的种子。但其他来源的冬葵子可能也具有这种应用,如锦葵科植物蜀葵(Althaea rosea)、锦葵(Malvasinensis)、和苘麻(Abutilon thcophrasti Medi)。
在上面所述的应用中,将所述冬葵子用溶剂进行提取。其中,所述溶剂选自水、醇或其混合物。所述醇包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇等,优选甲醇或乙醇。在一个具体实施例中,将所述冬葵子用95%乙醇提取得到冬葵子95%乙醇提取物。
本发明还提供了冬葵子提取物在制备预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的药物中的应用,尤其是在制备SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂中的应用。
本发明提供了冬葵子提取物的制备方法:将一定量的冬葵子药材用水、醇、或其混合物提取2~5次,料药比为1∶1~10∶1(L/kg),每次1~8小时,经过滤后合并提取液,减压浓缩得到冬葵子的粗提物。
本发明选取SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶作为靶标蛋白,通过体外酶活高通量筛选(HTS)作为初步筛选方法,评价冬葵子及其提取物的活性,结果表明,冬葵子95%乙醇提取物具有很好的抑制SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶活性的作用,说明冬葵子可以成为预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的潜在药物,或者其可以与本领域公知的药物上可接受的适当载体或者赋形剂组成药物组合物,用于预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染。
附图说明
图1为在500μg/mL终浓度下,冬葵子提取物对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的酶活动力学曲线。
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本发明,在下面将详述本发明的具体实施方式。
药理活性测试部分
1.SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达与纯化
根据文献(Yang H et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci.2003 Nov;100(23):13190-5)进行SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达与纯化。具体方法如下:
1.1SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达载体的构建,具体步骤包括:
a.利用北京华大基因中心提供的编号为BJ01的SARS病毒毒株的cDNA文库,用PCR技术进行体外扩增;
正向引物:5′-CGGGATCCAGTGGTTTTAGGAAAATG-3′
反向引物:5′-CCGCTCGAGTCATTGGAAGGTAACACCAGA-3′
b.经PCR扩增的基因片段经BamHI和XhoI双酶酶切后,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收大小为1kb左右的片段;
c.将回收片段与T载体进行连接,然后用连接产物转化大肠肝菌(Escherichiacoli)DH5α感受态细胞,并涂在LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)上,培养过夜;
d.从平板上挑取多个单克隆,分别接种于装有约5mL的LB的试管(该LB溶液中加入氨苄青霉素,使其终浓度为100mg/L)中,培养过夜。然后用质粒提取试剂盒(博大泰克公司B型质粒小量快速提取试剂盒)提取质粒,并用BamHI和XhoI酶切,然后用琼脂糖凝胶回收大小约为1kb左右的目标基因片段;
e.将目标载体pGEX-4T-1(购自Pharmacia公司)用BamHI和XhoI酶切,然后用琼脂糖凝胶回收酶切的片段;
f.将d和e获得的片段连接(将酶切回收后的目标基因片断和目标载体片段按照摩尔数3∶1~6∶1的比率混合,按照Takara DNA Ligation的要求在16℃反应30分钟~18小时),转化大肠肝菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α感受态细胞,涂在LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)上培养过夜。将筛选到的阳性克隆,用于鉴定和测序。测序结果表明,SARS冠状病毒的主蛋白酶的编码基因已被正确地克隆到pGEX-4T-1载体中。
1.2SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达与纯化,具体步骤包括:
a.将上述步骤1.1中得到的含有编码SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶基因的pGEX-4T-1载体转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)的菌株,并用LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)筛选阳性克隆;
b.在a中所述的LB平板上挑取阳性克隆(在含有氨苄青霉素的LB平板上生长出来的单克隆),培养过夜,然后转入1L的LB培养基(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素),当OD600达到0.6-0.8时,加入1mM左右的IPTG,在16℃培养12小时左右;
c.5000~8000rpm离心10~15min收集细胞,然后冰浴超声破菌20~30min;破菌液13000rpm~15000rpm离心20~40min后收集上清液;
d.将上清液加入PBS预平衡的GST亲和层析柱(GE公司)中,用PBS淋洗20~30个柱床体积去除杂蛋白。最后加入2mL 0.1mg/mL左右的人类鼻病毒3C蛋白酶,在4℃酶切12~20小时,之后收集SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶;
e.将上一步骤d中获得的SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶再用Mono Q(GE公司)阴离子交换层析进行纯化,便可得到纯度较高的SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶。
2.SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂的筛选方法
本发明所采用的筛选SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂的方法是饶子和等在CN101418334A中公开的筛选方法,具体方法如下:
SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的活性测定是使用荧光底物MCA-AVLQSGFR-Lys(Dnp)-Lys-NH2(纯度大于95%,上海吉尔生化有限公司)来完成的。该荧光底物的氨基酸序列来源于SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的N端自剪切序列。
用于荧光强度测定的仪器为Fluoraskan Ascent荧光仪(ThermoLabsystems,Helsinki,Finland),激发光和发射光的波长分别为320nm和405nm。
在缓冲溶液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.3),1mM EDTA(含或不含DTT))中加入SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶(终浓度0.5μM),加入备选样品的DMSO溶解物(使其终浓度为:500μg/mL,底物浓度为20μM,298K放置10分钟后,迅速加入荧光标记底物(MCA-AVLQSGFRL(DNP)L-NH2,终浓度20μM)。设定阴性对照:不加入备选样品,其余条件相同。激发波长和发射波长分别为320nm和405nm,温度保持298K,每3秒钟记录一次荧光读数,共测定10个点。以时间为X轴,荧光值为Y轴作图得到酶活动力学曲线。通过图上前两个点的数值计算斜率得到反应的初速度V,将阴性对照的反应初速度定义为V0,加入备选样品的反应初速度定义为Vi,从而计算出加入相应备选样品后主蛋白酶的剩余活性(Vi/V0),相应备选样品的抑制率则为(1-Vi/V0)。可以对剩余活性小于20%(或抑制率大于80%)的备选样品进行进一步的分离纯化以找到活性更集中的部位。
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1冬葵子95%乙醇提取物的制备
取2公斤的冬葵子药材(购自亳州市中药饮片厂),用8升95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次提取2小时,将提取液经过滤后合并,用EYELA N1001型旋转蒸发仪(日本理化公司)减压浓缩,蒸干后得到浸膏74克。
实施例2冬葵子95%乙醇提取物对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制活性的测定
将实施例1中得到的冬葵子95%乙醇提取物取出5.0mg,溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液中使其终浓度为50.0mg/mL。
在缓冲溶液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.3),1mM EDTA(含或不含DTT))中加入SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶(终浓度0.5μM),加入冬葵子95%乙醇提取物样品的DMSO溶液(使其终浓度为:500μg/mL,底物浓度为20μM,298K放置10分钟后,迅速加入荧光标记底物(MCA-AVLQSGFRL(DNP)L-NH2,终浓度20μM)。设定阴性对照:不加入提取物样品,其余条件相同。激发波长和发射波长分别为320nm和405nm,温度保持298K,每3秒钟记录一次荧光读数,共测定10个点。以时间为X轴,荧光值为Y轴作图得到酶活动力学曲线,如图1所示。根据该曲线,计算得到下列结果(样品平行测定三次)。
经计算备选样品在500μg/mL的终浓度下,对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的抑制率是91.8%。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,应当理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,因此,上面的说明书旨在用于说明而不是用于限制。所以,本发明的范围不应参考上述说明书来确定,而应当参照下面所附权利要求以及这些权利要求所享有的等同原则所确定的全部范围确定。
Claims (6)
1.冬葵子在制备预防或者治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的药物中的应用,其中,所述冬葵子用于制备SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述冬葵子为锦葵科植物冬葵(Malva crispaL.)的种子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述冬葵子经溶剂提取。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其中,所述溶剂选自水、醇或其混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其中,所述醇是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或正丁醇。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其中,所述溶剂是95%乙醇。
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