CN103156001B - 一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备 - Google Patents

一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备 Download PDF

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CN103156001B
CN103156001B CN201310127235.2A CN201310127235A CN103156001B CN 103156001 B CN103156001 B CN 103156001B CN 201310127235 A CN201310127235 A CN 201310127235A CN 103156001 B CN103156001 B CN 103156001B
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peanut oil
plastic fat
preparation
fat
peanut
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CN103156001A (zh
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刘元法
杨丽君
孟宗
李进伟
蒋将
杨兆琪
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备方法,属于超分子化学与食品用塑性脂肪制备技术的结合领域。本发明以花生油、分子蒸馏单甘酯为原料,将二者按照一定的比例混合,通过加热搅拌、静置冷却的方法使液态的花生油形成一种具有一定塑性的固态脂肪,制备得到非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪。本发明制备方法简单,条件温和,成本低廉,得到的塑性脂肪具有低反式酸、低饱和酸的优良性质,具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备
技术领域
本发明是一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备,属于超分子化学技术与食品用塑性脂肪制备技术的结合领域。
背景技术
由固体脂和液体油均匀融合并经一定加工而成的脂肪称为塑性脂肪。塑性脂肪的显著特点是在一定的外力范围内,具有抗变形的能力,但是变形一旦发生,又不容易恢复原状。
传统的塑性脂肪常通过植物油氢化、高饱和酸的动植物油脂分提、复配、酯交换的方式获得。植物油在氢化过程中,油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸在不同程度上会形成反式脂肪酸。过量食用含有反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的食品对人类的健康产生不利的影响,增加患心血管疾病、II型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化的几率。反式脂肪酸及饱和脂肪酸问题已成为近年来油脂加工和食品安全领域关注的焦点,国际组织和欧美各国对反式脂肪酸及高饱和脂肪酸膳食的安全问题非常重视。因此,随着人们对健康饮食的追求,目前生产低或无反式脂肪酸油脂、低饱和脂肪酸油脂是目前健康油脂产品开发的趋势。
通过向液态植物油中加入某些小分子的有机化合物,通过超分子构建能形成具有一定塑性的脂肪。通过加热搅拌使体系混合均匀,直至小分子化合物完全溶解后,冷却静置。在这个过程中,小分子化合物之间通过氢键、范德华力、π-π堆积等作用力形成一个空间网状结构,将液态植物油包裹其中。这种方式形成的固脂具有传统固脂的物理性质,并且制备过程中不产生反式脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸含量较低,具有很好的应用前景。
我国是一个花生油资源十分丰富的国家,花生油以其独特的美好风味和营养价值,历来就受到广大消费者的青睐。花生油中含有白藜芦醇、单不饱和脂肪酸、β-谷固醇,已有研究证明,这些物质有保护心脑血管的作用。通过加入分子蒸馏单甘酯赋予花生油一定的塑性将会是件非常有意义的事情。
发明内容
本发明是一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备。以花生油为基料油,向花生油中添加一定的分子蒸馏单甘酯,通过不加水加热搅拌、冷却结晶形成非乳化型塑性脂肪。并采用一定的评价手段对所得塑性脂肪的各种性质进行测试。
本发明的技术方案:
一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备,以花生油为基料油,向其中加入分子蒸馏单甘酯,并按一定的比例通过加热搅拌、冷却静置的方法获得具有一定塑性的花生油基塑性脂肪。
在非乳化体系中,将分子蒸馏单甘酯按照8%、10%、12%的质量比加入到80℃的花生油中,搅拌加热至分子蒸馏单甘酯完全溶解后,将样品置于5-25℃中冷却静置12-48h得到花生油基非乳化型塑性脂肪。采用流变仪测试样品的粘弹性,X-射线衍射仪分析塑性脂肪的晶型。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)采用一定的方法制备了一种具有一定塑性的花生油基塑性脂肪。制备过程中没有反式脂肪酸的形成,同时饱和脂肪酸含量较低,且具有良好的物理性质,属于开创性研究。
(2)制备条件温和,方法简单,成本低廉。
(3)我国是一个花生油资源十分丰富的国家,花生油风味美好,营养价值较高,含有保护心脑血管的成分,但因其开发方式有限并未得到充分利用,本发明拓展了花生油在食品用塑性脂肪产品中的应用范围。
附图说明
图1非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪的频率扫描图
图2非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪的X-射线衍射图
具体实施方式
实施例1
取一定量的花生油于100mL烧杯中,加热到80℃,向其中添加10%的分子蒸馏单甘酯,使用IKAMAG RT10多点磁力搅拌仪搅拌至分子蒸馏单甘酯完全溶解后再继续搅拌15min。将样品置于20℃下静置36h备用,得到非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪。
实施例2
花生油基塑性脂肪的储能模量G′和损耗模量G″的测定采用AR-G2流变仪,选用直径为40mm,2°不锈钢锥板,在20℃测定静态流变性质,频率扫描范围为0.1-10Hz。
晶型分析采用X-射线衍射法,取适量的样品平铺于检测片上的圆孔内,用X-射线衍射仪测定。条件为Cu靶,工作电压40kV,电流40mA,发射及防反射狭缝为1.0mm、接受狭缝0.1mm,室温20℃条件下,2θ角度扫描范围从3°到40°,扫描速率4°/min。

Claims (1)

1.一种花生油基塑性脂肪的制备方法,其特征是以花生油为基料油,以分子蒸馏单甘酯为原料,通过复配熔化、加热搅拌、冷却静置的方法获得花生油基塑性脂肪,其具体制备方法为:向加热到80℃的花生油中加入8-12%的分子蒸馏单甘酯,搅拌混合至分子蒸馏单甘酯完全溶解后,将样品置于5-25℃冷却静置12-48h得到非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪,其特征在于通过向花生油中加入8-12%的分子蒸馏单甘酯,在80℃下加热搅拌,直至分子蒸馏单甘酯完全溶解,将样品置于5-25℃冷却静置12-48h,得到非乳化型花生油基塑性脂肪。
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CN108850203A (zh) * 2018-06-25 2018-11-23 无限极(中国)有限公司 一种五味子油凝胶油脂及其制备方法
CN110172373B (zh) * 2019-06-14 2022-08-05 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 白藜芦醇在花生油中的应用
CN111543499B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2022-03-18 江南大学 一种利用凝胶油基油脂来改善月饼“返油”不均匀的方法

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