CN103148882B - A kind of composite indication method of physical parameter measured value - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of display (instruction) method of physical parameter measured value.Generally in all kinds of instrument and meters, final show value is often tested result of the parameter after multi task process.Because noise and rapid fluctuations factor are filtered out, the instruction of final result is relatively accurate, stably, but physical parameter contains more information in original signal data or can show the procedural information for reaching final result, if only the result that display is final, pilot process will be masked, some material particulars are filtered out, and cause necessarily to postpone.The present invention makes up this defect, the result usually finally handled by the way of compound display while is indicated in the lump with pilot process, historical information so that measurement result, process, trend are very clear.

Description

A kind of composite indication method of physical parameter measured value

Technical field

The invention belongs to areas of information technology, and in particular to be it is a kind of will measure, collection or receive same thing The different disposal result of reason parameter (either statistics) shows in same motion graphics or pictorial symbol, referred in real time The method shown.

Background technology

The man-machine interface of big amount instruction, display measured value, processing numerical value etc. in instrument, instrument, equipment be present, these refer to The conventional method show, shown has pointer type (such as Simulation Multimeter class), scale type (such as mercurial sphygmomanometer class), numeric type (in full Word universal meter class).After computer (including various MCU, DSP, FPGA etc. have the device of programming perform function) popularization, display Mode tend to graphical, symbolism, complication, the information that can reflect is also more, such as the designated symbol in digital navigator, logical Believe that the planisphere in measuring apparatus, eye pattern, spectrogram show symbol etc., and can provide the function of man-machine interaction, such as by touching Touch screen, button carries out instruction input.

All display modes are typically required to that directly perceived, quickly and accurately interpretation is defeated finally both for the vision of people Go out measured value.Selected use in systems in practice is particularly shown mode, depending on many factors, the letter such as to be shown Breath amount is how many, the form of information, the dimension of information, expression whether directly perceived, implementation complexity, volume, cost etc..

The mainly measured value of certain system inside and outside or certain middle parameter of internal system that generally display is directed to Or final parameters, most original measured value come from various types of sensors (such as Temperature Humidity Sensor, motion-sensing Device, optical sensor, acoustic sensor, chemical sensor, biology sensor, mechanical pick-up device etc.) or other types of number According to collection, reception system (such as radar, sonar, broadcasting receiver, navigation neceiver and various types of communication receiver).Either The output of sensor or the input of receiver, when being shown by the way of based on data (such as direct digital manner or Person reflects diagramatic way of data etc.), these initial data are required for being sent to display system again by certain processing.With data Based on final display mode seem to be sometimes to the display mode based on simulation it is similar, for example with needle Mechanical type compass and the numeric type compass (being commonly used in navigator and smart mobile phone) using Magnetic Sensor, in final display Consistent radial direction pointer indicating mode is employed in order to meet conventional visual custom, this mode is obviously also most intuitively Mode.

Conventional display processing flow can take different processing modes according to data character and the difference in source, system, These processing are probably dominant either recessiveness, or be under the jurisdiction of different modules, the diverse location in system, But substantially it is required for including the links such as conditioning, amplification, filtering, A/D conversions, Digital Signal Processing, then shows final processing As a result.Due to all including noise (or interference) in all initial data, different systems is often directed to different input datas Different processing is carried out.The main purpose of these treatment measures is to suppress noise or other interference to the bad of output Influence.But during processing noise or interference, the influence of constant, often loses some signals during due to wave filter Useful information, cause finally to show that result has certain delay in time, or have certain mistake in terms of frequency spectrum It is true etc., it is impossible to reflect real input signal exactly.

Generally, the information for being tested physical parameter is various dimensions, and often partial loss has fallen change to conventional display mode The information such as speed, implicit noise size, historical progress, although or display species it is various, abundant in content, simply distinguish Ground (independently) is in digital form or graphic form shows that over the display, the content with relevance often lacks visually Relevance.

The electronic compass of current popular is one of example.Electronic compass uses 3 axial magnetic sensors and subsidiary The 3 axle acceleration sensors measurement earth magnetism field direction at inclination angle, it is past because the output of Magnetic Sensor and acceleration sensing has noise Wave filter toward constant when employing larger in its circuit or algorithm is filtered, and pointer is trembled caused by filter out noise It is dynamic, either shake caused by compass platform itself unstable (such as hand-held or on driving vehicle).It is but stable obtaining While output, lose part-time information, conceal part real information, can not quickly respond the change of sensing in time Change, cause instruction to lag.

The present invention is by the way that a variety of result close associations of measured value are included in a motion graphics symbol, energy Observer is enough set more intuitively, fast to obtain the much information of tested parameter.

The content of the invention

The present invention is a kind of method, and it can apply the various instruments in various fields, instrument, the display system of equipment In.

The object that the present invention is directed to is that certain tested physical parameter (is not limited to the physical parameter of narrow sense, but is narration Convenient following referred to as physical parameter；Also qualifier does not manage the source of parameter, can be device external, inside, can be equipment Internal any position, any functional module or functional circuit；Also qualifier does not manage the form of parameter, can be the letter of simulation Number, discrete signal or data etc.；Also not qualifier reason parameter original form, can be electric signal, computer data or Person is the data in other recording mediums), as the direction of motion, speed, acceleration, angular speed, temperature, voltage, electric current, power, Rotating speed, flow, height, distance, message transmission rate, the bit error rate, such as population change, stock exchange, rainfall, vehicle flowrate Deng.The common trait of these tested physical parameters is to suffer from influence of noise or naturally occurring fluctuation in actual applications, And in order to which the facility of observer generally requires current relatively stable, the accurate value of display.If untreated will make display Content (no matter using what mode, such as number, pointer, scale) is shaken and causes visual effect chaotic.It is mostly traditional to do Method is to use the wave filter of certain parameter to be filtered or smoothing processing to it, gets rid of the influence of noise, or take in short-term Average value removes the influence of fluctuation (these measures depend on the ability or needs of system design).In this patent, will be this The treated result of the similar processing method that measuring system is taken current mostly, is referred to as " main signal value " for convenience of description.It is this The defects of processing method, is as it was previously stated, losing part raw information, causing display hysteresis.

The invention aims to improve conventional display mode, make the much information of same measurand simultaneously Relevance it is shown in a compound graphical symbol, is easy to observer to obtain more fully information and be possible under prediction The change of one step.

The display mode that this patent proposes needs signal processing flow to coordinate.Although can for measured signal of different nature To there is different processing methods, but level Four still can be substantially summarised as conventional measured signal, signal processing flow：In advance Process level, instantaneous signal value output stage, main signal value output stage, statistical value output stage, the annexation between them depend on System design.Pre-processing stage pre-processes to primary signal, and it must be cascade connection that other process levels, which do not limit, in addition, Can also be concurrency relation or serial-parallel mirror relation.Pre-processing stage is the basic handling measure that system generally requires use, than Matching amplification and conditioning or most basic noise filtering measure after such as sensor output.Pre-processing stage can close depending on situation And instantaneous signal value output stage is arrived, signal caused by pre-processing stage can be described as primary signal.The output of instantaneous signal value output stage Signal can be described as instantaneous signal or instantaneous value, and the signal of main signal value output stage output can be described as main signal or main signal value. Primary difference is that the form of process circuit (simulation or numeral) causes output result different with parameter difference between them, this Matter difference is embodied in：Instantaneous signal reflection is that measured (amount of being originally inputted) quickly changes, and its value is by noise and the shadow of fluctuation Sound is larger；Main signal reflection is measured stable accurate result.It is stable, be accurately for instantaneous signal value, it Reduce the influence of noise and fluctuation.Statistical value output stage produces each of primary signal in specific period according to system requirements Kind statistical result, such as intermediate value, average, variance, Min-max.In addition, do not limit output signals at different levels speed whether It is identical.

For different output signals, the controller of display sets instantaneous signal value designator respectively, main signal value refers to Show symbol, statistical value designator.These designators have significantly in size, shape, color, texture, flicker frequency, position etc. Difference, instantaneous signal value designator and main signal value designator are the instructions of single value, and statistical value designator is multiple instruction Symbol, you can while multiple information is shown, such as Min-max, average, variance etc., often with region representation.Above-mentioned several instructions They can also be collectively referred to as a composite indicator by symbol, because in digital figure Display Technique, it is independent to have no reality with compound Matter difference.The concrete shape of composite indicator is decided by the type of tested physical parameter and the dial of selection, it is corresponding can be with It is radial direction pointer, bar chart, circular chart, multidimensional vector figure, stereogram etc..After output signals (numerical value) at different levels are sent to display, They are superimposed while shown, respective position is according to numerical value according to the property of each value by the controller of display Size corresponds to the graduation mark on respective dial.To the signal of general aspects, when dial has consistent graphicaccess scale, instantaneous letter The change of number value designator can typically be faster than main signal value designator, and the change of main signal value designator can typically be faster than statistics The average instruction being worth in designator.

What it is due to instruction is same primary signal, allows observer to obtain the various performances of signal simultaneously, is seeing While conventional stabilization accurately indicates, and it can be seen that the quick change of signal and in the short time constant interval of signal or Person's mean location, reach the close association of vision and content.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1：Traditional pointer type compass, belong to typical radial direction pointer-type indicator, can be it is mechanical can also Come out what is shown with liquid crystal display by digital simulation.

Fig. 2：Traditional bar graph example, shape similar to mercurial thermometer, can be it is mechanical can also be by counting Word, which fictionalizes, to be come.

Fig. 3：One of signal processing flow of compound indicator can be matched, each process level is in parallel.

Fig. 4：The two of the signal processing flow of compound indicator, instantaneous signal process level and main signal process level can be matched Series connection.

Fig. 5：One of compound indicator example of pointer type, two pointers, two dials.Can also be multiple dials, Their function can also exchange, and graduation indication ratio can also adjust at any time or local scale.

Fig. 6：The two of the compound indicator example of pointer type, simple pointer, one division disk,

Fig. 7：One of compound indicator example of bar chart, single colum indication.In actual applications to single measurand, Parallel multiple bar chart can be used with comprising more statistical informations, more flexible graphicaccess scale.

Fig. 8：One of vector type composite indicator example, while contain much information.

Embodiment

Divide several examples below to further illustrate the composite indication method of tested physical parameter of the present invention.

First, pointer type composite indicator

Compass is typical pointer-type gauges, and conventional mechanical compass uses needle direction indication, current portable equipment On electronic compass using 3 axial magnetic sensors obtain earth's magnetic field measured value after by digital processing technology obtain magnetic direction, Then (the being actually electronical display mode) direction indication in a manner of pointer, but seem all classes again on the compass come is simulated Like a conventional compass, it is shaped like shown in Fig. 1, wherein have dial (1-1), corresponding graduation mark (1-2) and scale value (1-3) and radial direction pointer (1-4).Mechanical compass is difficult to the compound instruction described in this patent, although needle quality is big The small size for determining its reactionlessness, the speed to magnetic responsiveness can be changed using the needle of different quality, but they divide It is possible in card that An Zhuan be not different, if wanting coaxial installation, realizes the compound instruction described in this patent, then because phase Existing magneticaction between mutually, can not be realized.And to electronic compass, then it can realize the compound finger described in this patent Show.Electronic compass has two classes, and one kind is to use GPS navigation signal acquisition angle directional information, and another kind of is to use Magnetic Sensor Obtain directional information.

By taking Magnetic Electronic Compass as an example, it is assumed that the output signal to 3 axial magnetic sensors and 3 axle accelerations sense inside it The primary signal of device has carried out algorithm process and has obtained initial direction signal (simulation or digital form), can handle this Process is summarised as pre-processing, pre-processing stage (3-1,4-1) function in the handling process as shown in Fig. 3,4.By this signal first By instantaneous signal process level (3-2), constant less wave filter when it can be, high-frequency noise, the side of obtaining can be filtered out To instantaneous value；Pass through main signal process level (3-3) again, this be can with when the larger wave filter of constant (passband width is smaller), Filter out the lower noise of frequency so that output signal becomes more stable, and can more reflect accurate measured value, but can not Avoid larger inertia being present.This one-level can be that level is associated in after instantaneous signal process level (4-3), can also (3- connected in parallel 3), but selected filter parameter should be different.Statistical value process level (3-4,4-4) is within the specific period to institute The data of reception carry out statistical disposition, such as search out maximum value minimum, average value, its input is connected to that where is depended on In the intention of designer and the parameter of other process levels.The instantaneous value of instantaneous signal processor output, main signal processor output Main value, the statistical value of statistical value process level output, three road signals are sent to display (3-5,4-5) together.The control of display The road signals of Qi Jiang tri- are converted to the signal of driving display, drive instantaneous value designator, main value designator and statistical value instruction respectively Symbol movement.For display mode as shown in figure 5, wherein (5-1) is main dial, (5-3) is main signal value pointer；(5-2) is instantaneous Signal value dial, (5-4) are instantaneous signal value pointers；(5-5), (5-6), (5-7) they are the signals of statistical value designator, wherein (5-6), (5-7) represent that instantaneous value maximum and minimum value within a period of time (do not have minimax during direction indication respectively Concept), shadow region (5-6) represents the region of variation pointed within a period of time, and its border is defined by (5-6,5-7).Wherein Can also be by increasing radial floating line in shadow region to represent the information such as average.The shadow region of statistical value is represented in this figure (5-5) is linked togather with instantaneous signal value dial, and it can also be carved in an independent annular region, such as at two Between scale.

In actual applications, when compass rotates, the change of instantaneous signal value pointer (5-4) is than main signal value pointer (5- 3) change will be fast and may shaken, and shade (5-5) region can first be widened；When compass tends to fix, main signal value pointer (5- 3) gradually stable, around the reduction of main value pointer, shadow region (5-5) also can be with for the jitter range of instantaneous signal value pointer (5-4) Instantaneous pointer gradually reduces around main value pointer.Instantaneous signal value pointer is finally possible to overlap with main signal value pointer, or (buffeting speed and scope depend on primary signal and instantaneous signal processing to left and right slight jitter to person centered on main signal value pointer The filtering parameter of level).In electronic compass application, main signal value dial (5-1) can be designed as immobilizing, similar tradition Compass scale；The scale of instantaneous signal value dial can be identical with main signal value scale dial scale, may be designed in office Portion, for example in the range of instantaneous signal value pointer activity, scale is exaggerated, accordingly even when when main signal value pointer is stable, The sensing change of slight instantaneous signal pointer can be reflected, and observer is possibly through to fast-changing instantaneous signal value Predict the next step position of main signal value pointer.Equally, showing the shadow region of statistical value can also use change graphicaccess scale to show Show.Due to digital processing and the flexibility of figure shows, can meet to observe needs completely at any time.

Fig. 6 illustrates the mode of another composite indicator, can be as the instruction of the similar devices such as compass, revolution counter Mode.Wherein (6-1) is main signal value dial, and (6-2) is main signal value pointer, and shadow region (6-3) is that statistical value is shown Region, its border are defined by maximum line (6-4), minimum value line (6-5), and instantaneous signal value is referred to by floating pointer (line) (6-6) Show.In actual motion, shade (6-3) is not necessarily symmetrical around average or main value, and main signal pointer (6-2) is also simultaneously Not necessarily refer to mean location.

Obvious two kinds of indicating modes of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can also be used in combination with, i.e., be merged into a finger with two kinds of designators Show device, can now provide the position of information increases, optional floating pointer (line) (6-6) instruction average, and boundary line (6-4), The instruction of (6-5) as variance yields etc..

2nd, the compound instruction of bar chart

Bar graph indicators are in many applications, particularly in computer application.Thermometer, liquid level gauge, altimeter It is the instrument that can typically use bar indicator.Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of conventional bar graph using bar shaped dial, Wherein (2-1) is the graduation mark on dial, and (2-3) is floating pointer (line), and (2-2) is floating bar, and both can also Only choosing first, draw herein together for vision is eye-catching.

Fig. 7 illustrates a kind of representational bar shaped composite indicator, is improved and is formed by the traditional bar graphs of Fig. 2.Its In (7-1) be graduation mark, currently measured main signal is indicated at the top of floating pointer (7-3) and floating bar (7-2) Value.Floating pointer (7-4) sign is the current position of instantaneous signal value, there is the sideline (7-5) for representing minimax value, (7- 6) shadow region defined, it is shown that when interior measured excursion for the previous period, wherein a flicker can also be increased Floating pointer instruction ought interior instantaneous signal value for the previous period mean location.The graduation mark of dial the right and left can be Consistent graphicaccess scale, while referred to as the instruction of instantaneous signal value and main signal value.It can also selectively change, such as Left scale line is instantaneous signal value indicating graduation, and the right is main signal value indicating graduation.So can be individually to indicating graduation Local scale is carried out, is advantageous to difference observation to amplify change.

3rd, the compound instruction of polar plot

Foregoing two kinds of measured data belong to scalar type, but are often also required to carry out vector signal in actual applications Display.In plane coordinates, in spatial coordinate or polar coordinates, the display that some measurands are carried out with vector property is each One of mode commonly used in kind of equipment, such as the planisphere in communication measurement equipment, eye pattern, the target bearing display figure in radar Deng.

Fig. 8 is one of representational example.Rectangular co-ordinate is represented with I, Q, it is assumed that the vector (8-1) of rhombus line end represents certain The ideal position of measured value, the scope that dashed circle section (8-9) defines certain acceptable value of tested vector (or other have Definition is closed, is decided by application system, its corresponding view field on I, Q is respectively 8-7,8-8), vector is also depicted in figure The projected position of (8-1) in I, Q reference axis；The vector (8-3) of arrow line end illustrates the position of current instantaneous vector, in figure Also its projected position on I, Q axle is depicted；The vector (8-2) of circular line end illustrates the position of current main signal value, figure In also depict its projected position on I, Q axle；Shadow region (8-4) represent ought interior instantaneous signal for the previous period change model Enclose, it then show respectively excursion of the resolution of vectors after I, Q in the view field (8-5) of I, Q axle, (8-6).It is such Display can make observer to the current performance of measured signal and change it is very clear, such as mobile situation on I, Q axle, away from From with a distance from ideal position etc..

Above-mentioned display mode, quick change, steady change and statistical information in short-term can be shown to a certain extent And historical information, contribute to observer to fully understand measured change and make certain prediction.

Display (instruction) method described in this patent, it is not limited to several common types being related in text, it is every to incite somebody to action Same measured a variety of intermediate treatment values, different disposal end value, while refer to visual correlation on a dynamic symbol The mode come is shown, meets display (instruction) feature of this patent narration.

Tested physical parameter described in this patent except embodied in natural, the artificial entity of routine physics, chemistry, life Outside thing parameter, also refer to the data that can be shown as the method described in this patent of any other property, such as from finance, gas As, humanity, production line, logistics, biology etc. social information and the natural information data of change and momentary fluctuation be present.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of composite indication method of physical parameter measured value, it is characterised in that adopted to the original measurement value of same physical parameter With different disposal circuit or algorithms of different, or using identical algorithms but choose after different algorithm parameters carries out multistep treatment, Instantaneous signal value, main signal value, the statistical value of signal are obtained respectively；Instantaneous signal value is closest to the measured value of primary signal, It can quickly reflect the change of current tested value；Main signal value is treated measured value, can stablize and reflect currently Tested value；The statistical property of parameter is tested in statistical value reflection special time period；Each value is sent to driving pair after display conversion Instantaneous signal value designator, main signal value designator, the statistical value designator answered are moved to each self-corresponding on identical graduation disk Position；The graphic features of all types of designators is different, and these designators, which are superimposed, to be formed a measurement content and associated with visual effect Compound dynamic graphical symbol.

A kind of 2. composite indication method of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein described compound dynamic Graphical symbol is by the instantaneous signal value pointer and its graduation mark, main signal value pointer and its quarter around arc-shaped scale center rotating Spend line, statistical value indicating area and graduation mark composition pointer display mode；Each graduation mark can have identical graphicaccess scale, difference Graphicaccess scale or the local graphicaccess scale changed at any time.

A kind of 3. composite indication method of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein described compound dynamic Graphical symbol is made up of instantaneous signal value floating pointer, main signal value floating pointer, statistical value indicating area and dial Bar chart display mode；Graduation mark wherein on dial can change at any time.

A kind of 4. composite indication method of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein described compound dynamic Graphical symbol be by present instantaneous signal value instruction vector, main signal value instruction vector, statistical value indicating area and they each The polar plot display mode of projection composition in reference axis.