CN103148882A - Composite indication method of physical parameter measured value - Google Patents
Composite indication method of physical parameter measured value Download PDFInfo
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- CN103148882A CN103148882A CN2013100092808A CN201310009280A CN103148882A CN 103148882 A CN103148882 A CN 103148882A CN 2013100092808 A CN2013100092808 A CN 2013100092808A CN 201310009280 A CN201310009280 A CN 201310009280A CN 103148882 A CN103148882 A CN 103148882A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a display (indication) method of a physical parameter measured value. Generally, a final display value displayed on various instruments and meters is a result of a to-be-measured parameter which is processed repeatedly. Due to the fact that factors of noise and fast fluctuation are filtered, indication of the final result is accurate and stable. Due to the fact that original signal data of a physical parameter contain more information or more process information capable of representing the final result, if only the final processing result is displayed, the process is covered and a plurality of important details are filtered, and then certain delay is caused. The composite indication method of the physical parameter measured value is capable of overcoming the defects. According to the composite indication method of the physical parameter measured value, the final processed result, the process and historical information are indicated at the same time with a composite method, and then the measurement result, the process and tendency are enabled to be clear.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to areas of information technology, what be specifically related to is the different disposal result demonstration in same motion graphics or pictorial symbol in real time of a kind of same physical parameter that will measure, gather or receive (perhaps statistics), the method for indicating.
Background technology
Have the man-machine interface of a large amount of indications, display measurement numerical value, processing numerical value etc. in instrument, instrument, equipment, these indications, the classic methods that show have pointer type (as the Simulation Multimeter class), scale type (as the mercurial sphygmomanometer class), numeric type (as digital multimeter class).After computing machine (comprising that various MCU, DSP, FPGA etc. have the device that function is carried out in programming) is universal, the mode that shows is tending towards graphically, symbolism, complicated, the information that can reflect is also more, as the planisphere in the designated symbol in digital navigating instrument, communication measurement equipment, eye pattern, spectrogram displaying symbol etc., and can provide the function of man-machine interaction, as carry out the instruction input by touch-screen, button.
All display modes are all finally for people's vision, and General Requirements can be intuitively, the measured value of the output of interpretation quickly and accurately.The concrete display mode of selected employing, depend on many factors in real system, as the quantity of information that will show what, the dimension of the form of information, information, express whether directly perceived, implementation complexity, volume, cost etc.
What show needle was right usually is mainly the measured value of certain system inside and outside or certain middle parameter or the final parameter of internal system, and original measured value comes from data acquisition, the receiving system (as radar, sonar, broadcasting receiver, navigation neceiver and various types of communication receiver etc.) of various types of sensors (as Temperature Humidity Sensor, motion sensor, optical sensor, acoustic sensor, chemical sensor, biology sensor, mechanical pick-up device etc.) or other type mostly.No matter be the output of sensor or the input of receiver, when the mode that adopts data for the basis shows (as the diagramatic way of direct digital mode or reflection data etc.), these raw data all need to be sent to display system through certain processing again.Take data as the basis final display mode seem to be modeled as the basis display mode be similar sometimes, for example adopt the mechanical type compass of needle and the numeric type compass of employing Magnetic Sensor (commonly used in navigating instrument and smart mobile phone), all adopted consistent radially pointer indicating mode in order to meet conventional visual custom when final the demonstration, this mode is also obviously mode the most intuitively.
Conventional Graphics Processing flow process is according to the difference in data character and source, system can take different processing modes, these processing may be dominant or recessive, or be under the jurisdiction of different modules, be arranged in the diverse location of system, but roughly all need to comprise the links such as conditioning, amplification, filtering, A/D conversion, digital signal processing, then show final result.Owing to all comprising noise (or interference) in all raw data, different systems has often carried out different processing for different input data.The fundamental purpose of these treatment measures is in order to suppress noise or other interference to the harmful effect of output.But in the process of processing noise or interference, the impact of constant during due to wave filter, tend to lose the useful information of some signals, cause final demonstration result to have in time certain delay, perhaps there is certain distortion etc. aspect frequency spectrum, can not reflects exactly real input signal.
Usually, the information of tested physical parameter is various dimensions, conventional display mode often partial loss has been fallen the information such as rate of change, implicit noise size, historical progress, although what perhaps show is of a great variety, abundant in content, but just respectively (independently) in digital form or graphic form be presented on display, the content with relevance often lacks visual relevance.
The electronic compass of current popular is one of them example.Electronic compass adopts 3 axle acceleration sensors at 3 axial magnetic sensors and subsidiary inclination angle to measure the terrestrial magnetic field direction, because there is noise in the output of Magnetic Sensor and acceleration sensing, often having adopted in its circuit or algorithm has that the wave filter of constant carries out filtering when larger, the pointer shake that causes with filtering noise, perhaps compass platform self unstable (such as hand-held or on driving vehicle) shake that causes.But, when obtaining stable output, lost part-time information, hidden the part real information, can't respond in time fast the variation of sensing, cause indication to lag behind.
The present invention by with the multiple result close association of measured value be presented in a motion graphics symbol, can make the observer obtain more intuitively, fast the much information of tested parameter.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of method, and it can be applied in the display system of various instruments, instrument, equipment in various fields.
What the present invention is directed to (is not limited to the physical parameter of narrow sense, but all is called physical parameter for sake of convenience liking certain tested physical parameter; Also not limiting the source of physical parameter, can be device external, inside, can be any position of device interior, any functional module or functional circuit; Also not limiting the form of physical parameter, can be the signal of simulation, discrete signal or data etc.; Do not limit the original form of physical parameter yet, can be the data on electric signal, computer data or other recording medium), as direction of motion, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, temperature, voltage, electric current, power, rotating speed, flow, highly, distance, message transmission rate, the bit error rate, as population change, stock exchange, rainfall amount, vehicle flowrate etc.The common trait of these tested physical parameters is often to be subject in actual applications noise effect or natural existence fluctuation, and often needs to show current relatively stable, value accurately for observer's facility.If not adding processing will make displaying contents (no matter adopting what mode, as number, pointer, scale etc.) shake and cause visual effect chaotic.Traditional way is to adopt the wave filter of certain parameter to carry out filtering or smoothing processing to it mostly, gets rid of the impact of noise, perhaps gets the short-time average value and removes the impact of fluctuation (ability or the needs of system are depended in these measures).In this patent, the result that the disposal methods that this similar current most measuring system is taked is crossed is called " main signal value " for convenience of describing.The defective of this disposal route has been lost part raw information, has been caused demonstration to lag behind as previously mentioned.
The objective of the invention is in order to improve conventional display mode, the much information of same measurand is presented in a compound graphical symbol to relevance simultaneously, be convenient to the variation that the observer obtains information more fully and might predict next step.
The display mode that this patent proposes needs signal processing flow to coordinate.Although for measured signal of different nature, different disposal routes can be arranged, but the measured signal for routine, signal processing flow still can roughly be summarised as level Four: pre-processing stage, momentary signal value output stage, main signal value output stage, statistical value output stage, the annexation between them depends on system.Pre-processing stage is carried out pre-service to original signal, except in addition other to process that level do not limit must be cascade connection, can be also concurrency relation or string and series-parallel connection relation.Pre-processing stage is the base conditioning measure that system generally need to adopt, such as the coupling after sensor output is amplified and conditioning or the most basic noise filtering measure etc.Pre-processing stage is looked situation can merge to momentary signal value output stage, and the signal that pre-processing stage produces can be described as primary signal.The signal of momentary signal value output stage output can be described as momentary signal or instantaneous value, and the signal of main signal value output stage output can be described as main signal or main signal value.Between them, main difference is form the cause Output rusults differences different from parameter for the treatment of circuit (simulation or numeral), essential distinction is embodied in: what momentary signal reflected is that measured (original input quantity) changes fast, and its value is subjected to the impact of noise and fluctuation larger; What main signal reflected is measured stable accurate result.Stable, accurately be for the momentary signal value, it has reduced the impact of noise and fluctuation.The statistical value output stage produces the various statisticses of original signal in the specific time period according to system requirements, as intermediate value, average, variance, Min-max etc.In addition, whether identically do not limit the speed of output signals at different levels.
For different output signals, the controller of display is set respectively momentary signal value designator, main signal value designator, statistical value designator.These designators have obvious difference at aspects such as size, shape, color, texture, flicker frequency, positions, momentary signal value designator and main signal value designator are the indications of single value, and the statistical value designator is multiple designator, can show simultaneously multiple information, such as Min-max, average, variance etc., often with region representation.Above-mentioned several designator also can be called them a compound designator together, because in the digital figure display technique, and the independent and compound essential difference that there is no.The concrete shape of compound designator is decided by the type of tested physical parameter and the index dial of selection, corresponding can be radially pointer, bar chart, circular chart, multidimensional vector figure, stereographic map etc.After output signals at different levels (numerical value) were delivered to display, the controller of display was according to the character of each value, and they are superimposed shows simultaneously, and the position is according to the scale mark on the corresponding index dial separately of the size of numerical value separately.To the signal of general aspects, when index dial had consistent scale ratio, the variation of momentary signal value designator generally can faster than main signal value designator, can be indicated faster than the average in the statistical value designator and the variation of main signal value designator is general.
Due to indication is same original signal, allow the observer can obtain simultaneously the various performances of signal, when seeing conventional stable accurately indication, can see again constant interval or the average position of signal in the quick variation of signal and short time, reach the close association of vision and content.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: traditional pointer type compass, belong to typically radially pointer-type indicator, can be mechanically also can out be shown with liquid crystal display by digital simulation.
Fig. 2: traditional bar graph example, the similar mercury thermometer of shape, can be mechanical also can be by digital virtual out.
Fig. 3: can mate one of signal processing flow of compound indicator, it is in parallel that each processes level.
Fig. 4: can mate compound indicator signal processing flow two, momentary signal is processed level and main signal and is processed and grade connect.
Fig. 5: one of compound indicator example of pointer type, two pointers, two index dials.Can be also a plurality of index dials, their function also can be changed, and the graduation indication ratio also can be adjusted or local convergent-divergent at any time.
Fig. 6: two of the compound indicator example of pointer type, simple pointer, one division dish,
Fig. 7: one of compound indicator example of bar chart, wall scroll figure shows.In actual applications to single measurand, also can adopt parallel multiple bar chart to comprise more statistical information, scale ratio more flexibly.
Fig. 8: one of compound designator example of vector type has comprised much information simultaneously.
Embodiment
The below's minute several examples further illustrate the compound indicating means of tested physical parameter of the present invention.
One, the compound designator of pointer type
compass is typical pointer-type gauges, conventional mechanical compass adopts the needle direction indication, electronic compass on current portable equipment adopts 3 axial magnetic sensors to obtain to obtain magnetic direction by digital processing technology after the measured value of terrestrial magnetic field, then on out compass of simulation again with pointer mode (being actually the electronical display mode) direction indication, but seem all similar conventional compass, its shape is similar shown in Figure 1, index dial (1-1) is wherein arranged, corresponding scale mark (1-2) and scale value (1-3) and pointer (1-4) radially.The machinery compass is difficult to realize the described compound indication of this patent, although the size of needle quality determines the size of its reactionlessness, the needle of employing different quality can change the speed to magnetic responsiveness, but they are arranged on respectively on different cards and are fine, if coaxial installation, realize the described compound indication of this patent, because of the magneticaction that exists each other, can't realize.And to electronic compass, can realize the described compound indication of this patent.Electronic compass has two classes, and a class is to adopt GPS navigation signal acquisition angle directional information, and another kind of is to adopt Magnetic Sensor to obtain directional information.
Take Magnetic Electronic Compass as example, suppose that its inside carried out algorithm process to the original signal of the output signal of 3 axial magnetic sensors and 3 axle acceleration sensors and obtained initial direction signal (simulation or digital form), this processing process can be summarised as pre-service, as pre-processing stage (3-1, the 4-1) function in treatment scheme shown in Fig. 3,4.At first this signal is processed level (3-2) through momentary signal, and when it can be, the less wave filter of constant, can filter out high frequency noise, obtains the instantaneous value of direction; Process level (3-3) through main signal again, this be can the time constant larger wave filter (passband width is less), filter out the lower noise of frequency, make output signal become more stable, more can reflect accurate measured value, but the larger inertia of inevitable existence.This one-level can be that level is associated in momentary signal and processes (4-3) after level, also can (3-3) in parallel with it, but selected filter parameter should be different to some extent.Statistical value is processed level (3-4,4-4) and within the specific time period, the data that receive is carried out statistical treatment, as searches out maximum value minimal value, mean value etc., and its input end is connected to the intention that where depends on the deviser and processes the parameter of level with other.The main value of the instantaneous value of momentary signal processor output, main signal processor output, statistical value are processed the statistical value of level output, and three road signals are delivered to display (3-5,4-5) together.The controller of display is converted to three road signals and drives the signal that shows, drives respectively instantaneous value designator, main value designator and statistical value designator and moves.Display mode as shown in Figure 5, wherein (5-1) is the master calibration dish, is (5-3) main signal value pointer; (5-2) being momentary signal value index dial, is (5-4) momentary signal value pointer; (5-5), (5-6), (5-7) are the signals of statistical value designator, wherein (5-6), (5-7) represent respectively instantaneous value maximal value and minimum value (not having the minimax concept during direction indication) within a period of time, shadow region (5-6) is illustrated in the region of variation that points in a period of time, its border is defined by (5-6,5-7).Wherein also can represent the information such as average by increase the radial floating line in the shadow region.In this figure, shadow region (5-5) and the momentary signal value index dial of expression statistical value are linked togather, and it can be also at one independently on annular region, such as between two index dials.
In actual applications, when compass rotated, the variation of momentary signal value pointer (5-4) changed fast and may shake than main signal value pointer (5-3), and shade (5-5) zone meeting first be widened; When compass was tending towards fixedly, main signal value pointer (5-3) was gradually stable, and the jitter range of momentary signal value pointer (5-4) reduces around the main value pointer, and shadow region (5-5) also can dwindle around the main value pointer gradually with instantaneous pointer.Momentary signal value pointer at last might with main signal value hands coincide, perhaps left and right slight jitter (buffeting speed and scope depend on original signal and momentary signal process the filtering parameter of level) centered by main signal value pointer.In electronic compass was used, main signal value index dial (5-1) can be designed as and immobilizes, similar traditional compass scale; The scale of momentary signal value index dial can be identical with main signal value index dial scale, also can be designed as the part, such as in momentary signal value pointer scope of activities, scale is exaggerated, even like this when main signal value pointer is stablized, the sensing that also can reflect slight momentary signal pointer changes, and the observer might be by next step position to fast-changing momentary signal value prediction main signal value pointer.Equally, the shadow region that shows statistical value also can adopt change scale ratio to show.Due to the dirigibility of digital processing and figure demonstration, can satisfy at any time observe needs fully.
Fig. 6 has illustrated the mode of another compound designator, can be used as the indicating mode of the similar devices such as compass, tachometer gage.Wherein (6-1) is main signal value index dial, (6-2) be main signal value pointer, shadow region (6-3) is the statistical value viewing area, its border is defined by maximal value line (6-4), minimum value line (6-5), and the momentary signal value (6-6) is indicated by floating pointer (line).In actual motion, shade (6-3) might not be around average or main value symmetry, and main signal pointer (6-2) also might not point to the average position.
Obviously Fig. 5 and two kinds of indicating modes of Fig. 6 also can combine use, namely be merged into an indicator with two kinds of designators, can provide this moment the position of information to increase, can select floating pointer (line) (6-6) to indicate average, and boundary line (6-4), (6-5) are as indication of variance yields etc.
Two, the compound indication of bar chart
Bar graph indicators is in a lot of applications, particularly in computer utility.Thermometer, liquid level gauge, altitude gauge are typically can adopt the instrument of bar indicator.Fig. 2 has illustrated a kind of bar graph of employing bar shaped index dial of routine, wherein (2-1) is the scale mark on index dial, is (2-3) floating pointer (line), is (2-2) bar that floats, both also can only select one, draw together for vision is eye-catching herein.
Fig. 7 has illustrated to be improved forming by the traditional bar graph of Fig. 2 by the compound designator of a kind of representational bar shaped.Wherein (7-1) is scale mark, and current measured main signal value has been indicated at the top of floating pointer (7-3) and unsteady bar (7-2).What floating pointer (7-4) indicated is the worthwhile front position of momentary signal, the sideline (7-5) that represents minimax value, the shadow region that (7-6) defines are arranged, shown interior measured variation range for the previous period, the floating pointer that wherein also can increase a flicker is indicated the average position of interior momentary signal value for the previous period.The scale mark of index dial the right and left can be consistent scale ratio, and the while is as the indication reference of momentary signal value and main signal value.Also can optionally change, such as left side scale mark is momentary signal value indicating graduation, the right is main signal value indicating graduation.Can carry out local convergent-divergent to indicating graduation separately like this, be conducive to the difference observation to amplify to change.
Three, the compound indication of polar plot
Aforementioned two kinds of measured data all belong to scalar type, but often also need in actual applications vector signal is shown.In planimetric coordinates, in spatial coordinate or polar coordinates, the demonstration of some measurand being carried out vector character is one of mode commonly used in various device, and as the planisphere in communication measurement equipment, eye pattern, the target azimuth in radar shows figure etc.
Fig. 8 is one of representational example.Rectangular coordinate represents with I, Q, the vector (8-1) of supposing the rhombus line end represents the ideal position of certain measured value, dashed circle interval (8-9) has defined scope (or other relevant definition of certain acceptable value of tested vector, be decided by application system, the view field of its correspondence on I, Q is respectively 8-7,8-8), also drawn the projected position of vector (8-1) on I, Q coordinate axis in figure; The vector of arrow line end (8-3) has represented the position of current instantaneous vector, has also drawn its projected position on I, Q axle in figure; The vector (8-2) of circular line end has represented the position of current main signal value, has also drawn its projected position on I, Q axle in figure; Shadow region (8-4) expression is the variation range of interior momentary signal for the previous period, and its view field (8-5) at I, Q axle, (8-6) have represented respectively the variation range of resolution of vectors after I, Q.Such demonstration can make the observer to the current performance of measured signal and change very clear, such as the mobile situation on I, Q axle, apart from distance of ideal position etc.
Above-mentioned display mode all can show quick variation, steady change and statistical information and historical information in short-term to a certain extent, helps the observer to fully understand measured variation and makes certain prediction.
The described demonstration of this patent (indication) method, be not limited to several common type that relate in literary composition, every with same measured multiple intermediate treatment value, different disposal end value, the mode that indicates to visual correlation on a dynamic symbol simultaneously all meets demonstration (indication) feature that this patent is narrated.
The physics that the described tested physical parameter of this patent embodies in natural, the artificial entity of routine, chemistry, biology parameter, the data that can be shown by the described method of this patent that also refer to any other character change and social information and the natural information data of momentary fluctuation as existing from finance, meteorology, humanity, production line, logistics, biology etc.
Claims (6)
1. the compound indicating means of a physical parameter measured value, its principal character is that the original measurement value of Same Physical parameter (signal or data) is carried out multistage different processing, obtains respectively the various statistical values of momentary signal value, main signal value, signal etc.; The momentary signal value is the current tested value of reflection fast, the current tested value of main signal value accurate stable reflection, measured statistical property (comprising mean value, average, variance, envelope value, Min-max etc.) in the current special time period of statistical value reflection; Each value is delivered to display, changes respectively the position that each self-corresponding momentary signal value designator of rear drive, main signal value designator, statistical value designator move to correspondence on index dial; The graphic feature of all types of designators (size, shape, color, texture, flicker frequency, position etc.) difference, these designator stacks form the compound dynamic graphical symbol that content is related with visual effect.
2. the compound indicating means of a kind of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1:
A) wherein physical parameter refers to any natural, parameter that artificial entity can directly or indirectly be measured by instrument and equipment, process, shows, comprises the parameter of the character such as physics, chemistry, biology in any field;
B) wherein the current measured value (signal or data) of Same Physical parameter refers to current signal, data by sensor (or sensor assembly, circuit, equipment) output, perhaps received signal or the data of (receiver module, circuit) by receiver, or signal or the data in alternate manner source; Measured value can be original signal or data, or through pretreated signal or data.
3. the compound indicating means of a kind of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein the measured value current to the Same Physical parameter (signal or data) carries out multistage different disposal and refers to through different treatment circuits or adopted different algorithms, perhaps adopted same algorithm but chosen different parameters; These treatment circuits and algorithm can adopt cascade pattern or paralleling model, can be arranged in any position of measurement (reception) system.
4. the compound indicating means of a kind of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein said motion graphics symbol can be used for the pointer display mode, this mode is by momentary signal value pointer (or unsteady index line) and index dial, main signal value pointer (or unsteady index line) and index dial thereof around the index dial center rotating, and one or more statistical value viewing area and index dial composition; Each index dial can have consistent scale ratio, can be also different scale ratios, or the local scale ratio that changes at any time.
5. the compound indicating means of a kind of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein said motion graphics symbol can be used for the bar chart display mode, this mode is comprised of momentary signal value floating pointer, main signal value floating pointer and one or more statistical value viewing area and index dial, and the scale mark on index dial can change at any time.
6. the compound indicating means of a kind of physical parameter measured value according to claim 1, wherein said motion graphics symbol can be used for the polar plot display mode, this mode is regional by indication vector, the indication vector of main signal value, the statistical value of current momentary signal value, and their projections on each coordinate axis form.
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