CN1031451A - 缝隙天线 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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Abstract
一种缝隙天线具有形成矩形波导空间的矩形波
导和一与矩形波导相连接从而使其中的一个喇叭形
波导空间与矩形波导空间连通的喇叭形波导。矩形
波导的其中一个板具有多个电磁波发射缝隙。
Description
本发明涉及一种具有矩形波导的缝隙天线,供通信、广播等之用。
参看图44一种普通具有圆形波导的缝隙天线的示意图。电磁波是以图45所示以柱面坐标表示的TEM(横电磁波模)同轴形式在波导中传播的。由于电磁波是同轴围绕一个中心馈线孔传播的,因而各辐射缝隙都同轴或成螺旋形配置。
这种圆形天线适用于圆极化波。但这种天线用以发射线性极化波时就成问题,因为与圆极化波比较,天线的旁瓣变大了,因而天线的增益下降了。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有矩形波导不仅能发射圆极化波而且还能高效率发射线性极化波的缝隙天线。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可补偿波导中电场相位差的缝隙天线。
根据本发明,本发明提供的缝隙天线包括一矩形波导和一喇叭形波导。矩形波导周围围绕有金属板,由此形成矩形波导空间。喇叭形波导与矩形波导相连接,从而使喇叭形波导中的一个喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间连通,喇叭形波导的一端有一个功率馈送输入口,矩形波导的其中一个金属板上具有多个电磁波发射缝隙。
调节各缝隙的排列方式即可使圆极化波和线性极化波从各缝隙中发射出来。
在本发明的一个方面,矩形波导的一个端板上有一个终端电阻器,在一个端板上有一个匹配装置,供提高从毗邻该端板的缝隙中发射出来的电磁波的功率。
在另一个方面,该具有缝隙的金属板对过的金属板具有一个波纹金属板之类的慢波装置供延迟所传播的电磁波之用。
此外,本发明提供一种具有一矩形波导和一喇叭形波导的缝隙天线,矩形波导周围围绕有金属板,由此形成矩形波导空间,喇叭形波导则与矩形波导相连接,从而使喇叭形波导中的一个喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间连通,喇叭形波导的一端有一个功率馈送输入口,矩形波导的其中一个金属板上有多个电磁波发射缝隙,喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间之间设有抛物面反射镜,用以将电磁波反射到矩形波导上,从而使电磁波的等相面可以变平。
从下面参照附图的详细说明可以更清楚地了解本发明的上述和其它目的和特点。
图1是本发明第一个实施例的缝隙天线的示意透视图。
图2是沿图1的A-A线截取的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图3是以直角坐标表示的说明电磁波在缝隙天线中的传播形式的示意图。
图4是说明电磁波在缝隙天线的喇叭形波导中的传播相位的示意图。
图5是在矩形波导一个纵向剖面上的功率密度特性曲线图。
图6是电场在缝隙天线矩形波导的横剖面上分布情况的示意图。
图7a是本发明第二个实施例的喇叭形波导的透视图。
图7b是上述喇叭形波导一个修改方案的透视图。
图8是上述喇叭形波导另一个修改方案的透视图。
图9是第二个实施例的缝隙天线的平面图。
图10是本发明第三个实施例的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图11是在第三个实施例的缝隙天线一个纵向剖面上的功率密度特性曲线图。
图12至15是本发明第四个实施例缝隙天线截面的一些例子的示意图。
图16是图15所示的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图17a是本发明第五个实施例的缝隙天线的部分透视图。
图17b是说明电场在图17a的缝隙天线中的分布情况的示意图。
图18a是本发明第六个实施例的缝隙天线的部分剖视图。
图18b是图18a的缝隙天线中所用的一个金属板的平面图。
图19是本发明第七个实施例的缝隙天线的部分剖视图。
图20是本发明的第八个实施例的缝隙天线的部分剖视图。
图21是本发明的第九个实施例的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图22和23是第九个实施例缝隙天线的修改方案的剖面示意图。
图24是第九个实施例缝隙天线的另一个修改方案的局部透视图。
图25至28是缝隙天线的缝隙和发射出来的电场的示意图。
图29是一个喇叭形波导的透视图。
图30是一个喇叭形波导修改方案的局部透视图。
图31a是本发明第十个实施例具有抛物面反射镜的缝隙天线的透视图。
图31b是第十个实施例的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图32是缝隙天线的喇叭形波导的平面图。
图33a是以直角坐标表示的缝隙天线的透视图。
图33b和33c是说明缝隙天线的示意图。
图34是部分缝隙天线的放大透视图。
图35是该缝隙天线的剖视图。
图36是第十一个实施例的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图37和38是第七个实施例的修改方案的局部透视图。
图39是第十二个实施例的缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图40至43是缝隙配置方式一些实例的平面图。
图44是普通同轴电缆式的圆形缝隙天线的局部透视图。
图45是说明电磁波在普通的缝隙天线中以柱面坐标表示的传播情况。
参看图1和2。本发明的缝隙天线包括一个矩形波导W和一个在功率馈送输入口2与矩形波导W连接的喇叭形波导5。矩形波导W包括相对配置的矩形金属板3和4,以及金属侧导板1、7和8,它们形成矩形波导空间S。上波导板3具有多个电磁波发射缝隙15成排排列。各排同轴排列,且各缝隙垂直于波导W的轴线配置。在矩形波导W的侧板1内侧设有终端电阻器6,如图2所示。
在矩形波导W中,电磁波以TE10的形式传播,如图3中以直角坐标表示的那样。图3中,虚线H表示磁力线,线E表示每半个波长(1/2λ0)的电力线。由于在每一个波长(λ0)产生同方向的电力线,因而要形成供电力辐射用的缝隙并不难。与这种天线相适应,不仅是圆极化波,而且线性极化波也可以高效率予以发射。
若各缝隙是在侧板8上形成,则磁力线从该缝隙中发射出去。在这类天线中,各缝隙系平行于矩形波导的轴线配置。
在喇叭形波导5中,电磁波是以同轴波的形式围绕功率馈送输入口中的中心O传播,如图4所示。因此在电磁波从中心和沿轴线(B-B′)的出口孔22行进的距离L与电磁波沿边21行进的距离之间有一个相位差δ。为了补偿该相位差,缝隙15系围绕中心O沿同轴圆线配置。这样相位相同的电力可从缝隙辐射出来。
在端部侧板1处的终端电阻器6吸收着波导W中的其余能量。
参看图7a,这是本发明第二个实施例的示意图。喇叭形波导5的出口有一个绝缘材料制成的透镜天线19a。透镜天线的俯视图呈半圆形,因而可以补偿电磁波的相位差。本实施例的工作情况和效果与第一个实施例一样。
图7b中所示的喇叭形波导5有一个由多个金属板制成的透镜天线19b,图8的喇叭形波导5则有一个呈波纹金属板形式的慢波器件13。有了这种装置,通过等相位部分的一个平面变得平直。因此缝隙15可以平行配置,如图9所示。
图5显示了图1中所示第一实施例天线的功率密度分布情况。功率密度朝端部侧板1方向减少,这是因为功率从缝隙15辐射出来的缘故,从而使天线的增益减小。图10中所示的第三个实施例是想使功率发射得均匀。不带缝隙的导板4向导板3倾斜以便使波导中空间S的宽度朝侧板1的方向变小。这样功率就大致上均匀分布,如图11所示,从而提高了天线的增益。
参看图6。虚线D表示电场在横向平面中的分布情况,在该横向平面中电力朝边7和8减小。图12和14中所示作为第四个实施例的各波导具有一V形导板4,图13、15和16中所示的各波导则具有圆导板4,因而可以使电场的分布一致。
在图17a的第五个实施例中,在波导W中毗邻侧板7和8处设有一对金属板18。各板18系固定到板4上,在板3之间形成一个间隙,使它起堵塞波导的作用,使阻抗达到适当值。这样可以使电场的分布一致,如图17b所示。
图18a中所示第六个实施例的波导有一个具有许多缝隙和孔16的中间金属板17。调整图18b所示的各孔的形状和密度即可使空间S和电场中的功率密度均匀分布。
在图19中所示的第七个实施例中,在端板1上设了一个匹配构件11,而不是象第一个实施例那样设的是终端电阻器6。撞击着匹配构件的电磁波经反射加到从各缝隙发射出来的电磁波,从而使功率的分布均匀。
图20中所示第八个实施例的波导有一个由波纹板制成或绝缘材料制成的慢波器件13。通过控制电磁波的相位常数,有可能调节辐射的方向和功率密度,从而改进天线的方向性和增益。
图21中所示作为第九个实施例的天线,其矩形波导W系叠加到喇叭形波导5上使结构变得紧凑。导板4缩短了,因而喇叭形波导5的口22与矩形波导W的口2相连接,从而形成U形接头。图22和23分别显示了该U形接头。在各接头中,在各角上设有倾斜的引导构件12,因而使电磁波转180度而不致反射,从而有效地将功率辐射出去。
图24是图21的天线的一个修改方案。天线在U形连接处有一个抛物面反射镜23。电磁波通过抛物面反射镜的反射,相位差得补偿从而形成扁平的等相位波平面。这样缝隙15可以平行配置。
图25显示各缝隙以等于波长λ0的间距配置的情况。图26和27中所示的缝隙15系以半个波长λ0/2的间距形成的,且与波导的轴线成45度角。毗邻行上的缝隙15彼此反向成90度角。因此方向相同的分量P都彼此相加,从而增强所发射的功率。由于缝隙的密度增加了,因而可以提高孔径效率,从而提高天线增益。
图25至27中所示的各缝隙是为达到线性极化而配置的。图28中所示的缝隙则为圆极化波布局的。
图29是喇叭形波导5的一个修改方案。该喇叭形波导有一个弯导管14。图30中所示的喇叭形波导5有一个作为馈线的同轴电缆24。还可以采用诸如脊峰波导管和环耦合之类的其它馈线。
参看图31a和31b,这是第十个实施例的示意图,图中的天线包括一对矩形波导W1、W2和一对喇叭形波导。矩形波导由相对配置的导板31、32、侧板33、33a和在其相对边上具有终端电阻器的隔板37构成,从而形成一对波导空间S1和S2。喇叭形波导包括导板32和34a,形成一对为匹配构件35所隔开的喇叭形波导空间A1和A2。这样就对称形成一对天线。具有波导空间A的馈线波导34连接在天线的中心部分,该中心部分通过匹配功率馈送口的对称分隔与空间A1和A2连通。各具有间隙D的接头C有一个截面呈半圆形或多角形的侧板33a和一个抛物面反射镜。抛物面反射镜是通过使一个抛物面沿半圆板33a移动形成的。换句话说,抛物面反射镜在半圆板33a的每一个横截面上有一个抛物线。因此抛物面反射镜与抛物面天线不同,后者是由抛物线旋转构成的。
在喇叭形波导的空间A1(A2)的电磁波以圆形的形式围绕O传播,如图32所示,具有相位差。电磁波为抛物面反射镜所反射,因而相位差得到补偿,相对于Y轴形成相等的行进距离,如图33b所示。此外如图33c所示,电磁波在U形反射镜上平行反射。相对于Z轴的行进距离于是相等的,因而缝隙31a可以平行配置。
由于在U形反射镜反射的电磁波通过与空间A1(图33c)不同的空间S1,因而有可能避免增益因双反射抛物面天线上产生阻塞而引起的下降。
至于缝隙31a的尺寸,缝隙长度约为半个波长(1/2λ0),缝隙宽度小于波长。为减小天线的旁瓣(例如0.9λ0到0.5λ0),各缝隙之间的间距h最好小于一个自由空间波长λ0。但电磁波是不可能从以这样的间距配置的缝隙发射的。为发射电磁波,在导板32上装了一个波纹板36作为慢波器件,如图35所示。通过使电磁波延迟,可以从以小间距配置的各缝隙发射同相位的电磁波。尽管间距h减小了,但缝隙31a的长度约为半个波长。有可能提高缝隙31a现有面积对具有抛物面反射镜的矩形波导的截面积的比值,从而提高孔径效率。举例说,若具有抛物面反射镜的矩形波导的轴向长度为80厘米,矩形长边长度为60厘米,间距h为0.8λ0,且电磁波的频率12千兆赫,则在辐射平面上可设1600个平行缝隙。
参看图36,这是第十一个实施例的示意图。单个喇叭形波导有一个接头C,平行于矩形波导W1和W2配置。接头C有一个抛物面反射镜,电磁波是从波导W1和W2之间的中心部分馈送的。因此终端电阻器37设在天线的相对的两端。图37和38是第十一个实施例的修改方案,其中各接头C垂直于矩形波导配置。
图39是图31a和31b的第十个实施例的一个修改方案。同轴电缆38在各喇叭形波导之间的中心部分连接到天线上,用以将电磁波通过功率馈送输入口发射到喇叭形波导空间A1和A2中。
图40至43是缝隙31a的配置方式示意图。图40的天线是为发射线性极化波而提供的,图41的天线则为发射圆极化波而提供的。在图42所示的天线中,由一条线所环绕的四个缝隙是发射线性极化波用的一个单元,多个单元则沿行和列配置。
尽管本发明是结合一些最佳的具体实施例进行叙述的,但应该理解的是,上面的叙述仅仅是举例说明而已,没有限制本发明在下面的权利要求书中所规定的范围的意思。
Claims (12)
1、一种缝隙天线,其特征在于,该天线包括:
一矩形波导,具有形成矩形波导空间的一些金属板;
一喇叭形波导,与矩形波导连接,从而使其中的一个喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间连通,且在其一端具有一功率馈送输入口;
所述矩形波导的其中一个金属板上有多个电磁波发射缝隙。
2、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导的一个端板上有一个终端电阻器。
3、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导的一个端板上有一个匹配装置,用以增强从毗邻该端板的各缝隙中发射出来的电磁波的功率。
4、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,具有缝隙的金属板对面的金属板具有慢波装置,用以延迟所传播的电磁波。
5、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导空间的宽度在具有缝隙的金属板与相对的金属板之间朝端板方向变小。
6、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导具有一对金属板毗邻诸侧板,各金属板系固定到具有缝隙的板对过的一个板上,起阻塞矩形波导的作用,使其具有适当的阻抗,从而使电场均匀分布。
7、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述诸缝隙垂直于矩形波导的轴线配置。
8、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导与喇叭形波导系配置得使两波导的轴线被配置在一轴向线上。
9、如权利要求1所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,矩形波导与喇叭形波导彼此重叠。
10、一种缝隙天线,其特征在于,该缝隙天线包括:
一矩形波导,为若干金属板所包围以形成矩形波导空间;
一嗽叭形波导,与矩形波导相连接,从而使其中的一喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间连通,且在其一端具有一功率馈送输入口;
所述矩形波导的其中一个金属板上具有多个电磁波发射缝隙;
一抛物面反射镜,设在喇叭形波导空间与矩形波导空间之间,用以将电磁波反射到矩形波导上,从而可使电磁波的等相位平面扁平。
11、如权利要求10所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,所述矩形波导的端板上有一个终端电阻器。
12、如权利要求10所述的缝隙天线,其特征在于,具有缝隙的金属板对过的金属板具有慢波装置,用以延迟所传播的电磁波。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP204878/87 | 1987-08-18 | ||
JP62204878A JPS6448503A (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Square waveguide line |
JP62218676A JP2595260B2 (ja) | 1987-09-01 | 1987-09-01 | 放物面鏡を利用した方形導波管線路 |
JP218676/87 | 1987-09-01 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1031451A true CN1031451A (zh) | 1989-03-01 |
CN1014572B CN1014572B (zh) | 1991-10-30 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN88106167A Expired CN1014572B (zh) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-18 | 缝隙天线 |
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KR (1) | KR910008948B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1014572B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3827956A1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2619658A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2208969B (zh) |
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KR102674600B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-08 | 2024-06-12 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | 도파관을 이용한 모드 변환기 |
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US3212095A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1965-10-12 | James S Ajioka | Low side lobe pillbox antenna employing open-ended baffles |
US3599216A (en) * | 1969-08-11 | 1971-08-10 | Nasa | Virtual-wall slot circularly polarized planar array antenna |
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JPS62260404A (ja) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-11-12 | Arimura Giken Kk | 導波線路 |
-
1988
- 1988-08-15 GB GB8819376A patent/GB2208969B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-17 DE DE3827956A patent/DE3827956A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-17 FR FR8810956A patent/FR2619658A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-18 CN CN88106167A patent/CN1014572B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-08-18 KR KR1019880010514A patent/KR910008948B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1039174C (zh) * | 1993-10-08 | 1998-07-15 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 接收卫星广播的平面阵天线 |
CN101842938A (zh) * | 2007-09-13 | 2010-09-22 | 爱罗莎特股份有限公司 | 有宽带天线的通信系统 |
CN101842938B (zh) * | 2007-09-13 | 2014-11-05 | 天文电子学爱罗莎特股份有限公司 | 有宽带天线的通信系统 |
US9774097B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2017-09-26 | Astronics Aerosat Corporation | Communication system with broadband antenna |
CN103022710A (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 东南大学 | 内嵌金属化过孔幅度校准的封装夹层天线 |
CN103022710B (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-01-28 | 东南大学 | 内嵌金属化过孔幅度校准的封装夹层天线 |
CN104733864A (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 东南大学 | 缝隙内嵌相位幅度校准的平面喇叭天线 |
CN104733867A (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 东南大学 | 缝隙相位幅度校准的三维封装表面天线 |
CN104733864B (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-04-24 | 东南大学 | 缝隙内嵌相位幅度校准的平面喇叭天线 |
US11929552B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2024-03-12 | Astronics Aerosat Corporation | Multi-channel communications antenna |
US10992052B2 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2021-04-27 | Astronics Aerosat Corporation | Dielectric lens for antenna system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2208969A (en) | 1989-04-19 |
KR890004467A (ko) | 1989-04-22 |
FR2619658A1 (fr) | 1989-02-24 |
KR910008948B1 (ko) | 1991-10-26 |
GB8819376D0 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
DE3827956A1 (de) | 1989-03-02 |
CN1014572B (zh) | 1991-10-30 |
GB2208969B (en) | 1992-04-01 |
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