CN103140349B - 机翼和形成所述机翼的一部分的纤维金属层压板 - Google Patents

机翼和形成所述机翼的一部分的纤维金属层压板 Download PDF

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CN103140349B
CN103140349B CN201180046822.8A CN201180046822A CN103140349B CN 103140349 B CN103140349 B CN 103140349B CN 201180046822 A CN201180046822 A CN 201180046822A CN 103140349 B CN103140349 B CN 103140349B
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fiber
plastic layer
reinforced plastic
laminate
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CN103140349A (zh
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R·C·阿尔德里埃斯滕
R·贝内迪克特斯
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Constellium Issoire SAS
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Abstract

纤维金属层压板（4）和机翼（1），具有纵向方向，包括多个金属层（5）和位于所述金属层（5）之间的多个纤维增强塑料层（6,7,6ˊ,7ˊ,6ˊˊ,7ˊˊ）；所述金属层（5）和所述纤维增强塑料层（6,7,6ˊ,7ˊ,6ˊˊ,7ˊˊ）被接合在一起；以及至少一些所述纤维增强塑料层（6,7,6ˊ,7ˊ,6ˊˊ,7ˊˊ）的纤维的以第一组被布置在第一塑料层（6）中以及以第二组被布置在第二塑料层（7）中，由此所述第一组的纤维相对于所述第二组的纤维成一个角度；所述层压板（4）呈现第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维；所述第一类型的纤维在所述层压板（4）的所述纵向方向上被布置在所述层压板（4）的一个或多个所述纤维增强塑料层（6ˊ,7ˊ,6ˊˊ,7ˊˊ）中；其特征在于，所述层压板（4）在其对称平面处或附近具有相邻的纤维增强塑料层（6,7），所述相邻的纤维增强塑料层（6,7）设有所述第二类型的纤维。

Description

机翼和形成所述机翼的一部分的纤维金属层压板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维金属层压板（fibermetallaminate），所述纤维金属层压板包括多个金属层以及位于所述金属层之间的多个纤维增强塑料层，其中所述金属层和所述纤维增强塑料层被粘合在一起，以及其中所述纤维增强塑料层的纤维被布置在第一组和第二组中，由此所述第一组的纤维相对于所述第二组的纤维成一个角度。
本发明还涉及一种机翼，包括一个或多个所述纤维金属层压板。
背景技术
从US-A-5，547，735已知前序部分所述的纤维金属层压板。这种已知的纤维金属层压板包括一个双向增强层，该双向增强层包含约45-70体积百分比的高强度玻璃纤维。所述双向增强层包括：一个中心层，所述中心层包含大体平行于第一方向定向的玻璃纤维；以及，第一外层和第二外层，每一个都用在大体横切于所述第一方向延伸的第二方向上定向的玻璃纤维增强。所述双向层压板适用在飞行器地板和其他要求改进的冲击强度的应用中。
WO2004/071761公开了一种层压板，该层压板具有由铝合金形成的至少两个板，所述板中的每一个具有小于1mm的厚度，在所述板之间定位有一个基于塑料的中间层，该中间层连接至所述金属板，并且包含至少两组优选地连续、相互平行的纤维，由此两个不同的组中的纤维优选地以约90度的角度相交。所述纤维可以由聚芳酰胺、玻璃或碳制成。根据该引文的层压板可应用作为飞行器或航天器的机身的蒙皮板（skinplate）。
现有技术没有描述纤维金属层压板用作机翼的蒙皮壁板（skinpanel）时的使用和相关联的问题。
已知的包括上部翼蒙皮壁板和下部翼蒙皮壁板的机翼（aircraftwing）结构主要承受朝上的疲劳弯曲和扭转载荷。对于机翼的下部翼蒙皮壁板，这意味着单轴向拉伸荷载和剪切荷载。
为了满足单轴向拉伸荷载，并且向层压板和应用有层压板的机翼提供足够的弯曲刚度和强度，已知的是使用具有在翼展方向上定向的纤维的纤维金属层压板。然而，问题是此时剪切刚度和剪切强度很低。
还已提出，将纤维以例如45度的角度定向在纤维金属层压板中，但是这样会以减小的弯曲刚度和强度为代价。
作为另一变体，已提出，削减纤维增强塑料层的体积，以用通常由铝制成的金属层的体积取代。铝层呈现出较高的剪切刚度，但是与常规的纤维金属层压板相比，这个解决方案大大降低了层压板的疲劳性能。
发明内容
因而，本发明旨在提供一种纤维金属层压板以及一种包括所述纤维金属层压板的机翼，其中提高了所述剪切刚度，同时拉伸刚度有优势地保持在对应于从现有技术得知的一个值处。
为此目的，根据本发明，提出了根据随附权利要求中的一个或多个所述的层压板和机翼。
本质上，提出了一种纤维金属层压板和一个机翼，所述机翼具有包括所述纤维金属层压板的上部翼蒙皮壁板和下部翼蒙皮壁板，其中所述纤维金属层压板具有多个金属层和位于所述金属层之间的多个纤维增强塑料层，其中所述金属层和所述纤维增强塑料层被接合在一起，其中所述层压板呈现第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维，其中所述第一类型的纤维在所述层压板的（以及所述翼的）纵向方向上被设置在所述层压板的一个或多个所述纤维增强塑料层中，以及其中所述第二类型的纤维被设置在所述层压板的对称平面处或附近的纤维增强塑料层中。与常规的纤维金属层压板相比，本发明的纤维金属层压板的拉伸刚度从而可大体保持在同一水平或更好水平，同时可改进剪切刚度。
在以下情况中实现了最好的结果：所述第二类型的纤维以第一纤维组被布置在所述层压板的对称平面处或附近的相邻的纤维增强塑料层中的第一层中以及以第二纤维组被布置在所述层压板的对称平面处或附近的相邻的纤维增强塑料层中的第二层中，由此第一组的纤维和第二组的纤维相对于所述层压板的纵向方向被定位为成一个预定角度，所述预定角度在正或者负10-40度的范围内选定。
还优选的是，第二类型的纤维具有比第一类型的纤维更高的强度和刚度。
根据第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维的刚度差，选择第一组中的第二类型的纤维和第二组中的第二类型的纤维之间的角度值，从而可以适当地调节本发明的层压板的规格。
在一个优选实施方案中，所述第二类型的纤维相对于在纵向方向上的所述第一类型的纤维的预定角度被选定为正或负10度的值。这不仅改进了层压板的剪切刚度和翼的扭转刚度，而且显著地提高了层压板的拉伸刚度和翼的弯曲刚度。
在另一优选实施方案中，所述第二类型的纤维相对于在纵向方向上的所述第一类型的纤维的预定角度被选定为正或负40度的值。这在层压板的剪切刚度和翼的扭转刚度方面做出了最大的改进，同时可将层压板的拉伸刚度和翼的弯曲刚度近似保持在现有技术的纤维金属层压板的值处。
优选的是，金属层是铝层，纤维增强塑料层中的第一类型的纤维选自包括玻璃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维的组，以及纤维增强塑料层中的第二类型的纤维选自包括聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维、碳纤维的组。
有利地，所述铝层包括5xxx系列的合金和/或2xxx系列的合金，优选地所述合金包含至少0.1重量百分比的锂，所述合金可根据本领域普通技术人员已知的铝业协会的规则来限定。
实施例
为了显示剪切刚度的改进同时保持或者甚至增大拉伸刚度，将根据本发明的若干纤维金属层压板与常规纤维金属层压板进行比较，所述常规纤维金属层压板包括五个铝层且其间具有四个纤维增强塑料层，所述纤维增强塑料层在纵向方向上包含玻璃纤维，所述常规纤维金属层压板在文献中称为Glare2-5/4-0.4。
与常规的纤维金属层压板进行比较的本发明的纤维金属层压板具有：处于所述层压板的纵向方向上第一类型的纤维，以及，相对于所述层压板的纵向方向以第一角度定向的第二类型的纤维，以及相对于所述层压板的纵向方向以第二角度定向的第二类型的纤维。所述角度分别被选定为正或负10度、25度或40度。下面的表格提供了所测量的结果。
附图说明
下文将参考本发明的层压板的一个示例实施方案和机翼的附图，来进一步阐明本发明。
在附图中：
-图1示出了本发明的纤维金属层压板；
-图2示出了机翼的一部分；
-图3示出了第二类型的纤维的定向，所述第二类型的纤维被布置在本发明的纤维金属层压板的对称平面中。
具体实施方式
首先参考图2，示出了机翼1的一部分，在使用时，机翼1经受由箭头2指示的、通过升举所生成的朝上的弯曲力。机翼1还经受由箭头3指示的扭转力。
图1示出了本发明的层压板4，其包括多个金属层5和位于所述金属层5之间、处于层压板4的对称平面中或附近的多个纤维增强塑料层6、7。此外，在位于金属层5之间的、处于层压板的对称平面中的所述纤维增强塑料层6、7的相对侧上，存在纤维增强塑料层6'、7'和6''、7''。金属层5和纤维增强塑料层6、7；6'、7'；6''、7''都被接合在一起。
未处于层压板4的对称平面中或附近的纤维增强塑料层6'、7'和6''、7''中的至少一个或一些呈现在层压板4的纵向方向上定向的第一类型的纤维。该纵向方向对应于装配好的翼的纵向方向。这些第一类型的纤维选自包括玻璃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维的组。
至少在层压板4的对称平面处或附近的相邻的纤维增强塑料层6、7的纤维是选自第二类型，并且选定为具有比应用在纤维增强塑料层6'、7'和6''、7''中的第一类型的纤维更高的强度和刚度。这些第二类型的纤维选自包括聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维、碳纤维的组。
此外，第二类型的纤维以第一组被布置在层压板4的对称平面处或附近的纤维增强塑料层6中，以及以第二组被布置在层压板4的对称平面处或附近的相邻的纤维增强塑料层7中，由此第一组中的第二类型的纤维和第二组中的第二类型的纤维相对于层压板4的纵向方向成一个预定角度，所述预定角度在正或负10-40度的范围中被选定。图3示出了在这种具体情形中，预定角度被选定在正和负40度的值。
通常来讲，根据第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维的刚度差，选择第一组中的第二类型的纤维和第二组中的第二类型的纤维之间的角度值。
如上文提及的，通常从层压板4的对称平面向外施加的第一类型的纤维具有与机翼的纵向长度相一致的定向。这些高刚度纤维保持为了承受作用在机翼上的荷载（根据图2中所示的箭头2）所需的拉伸刚度。在层压板的对称平面中的纤维增强塑料层7的第二类型的纤维以及相邻的纤维增强塑料层6的第二类型的纤维（两者被放置为相对于翼1的纵向长度成一预定角度），为层压板4和机翼1提供显著的剪切刚度和强度以承受根据图2中的箭头3所示的扭转荷载。同时，未损害翼展方向上的弯曲刚度。
还应注意，通过纤维的成角度的定向，在弯曲方向上补偿了纤维的潜在的低失效应变；纤维不仅在它们的主要方向上被伸展，而且它们还会剪切，如通过比较图3的右手侧与左手侧所示出的。这有效地增大了形成本发明的纤维金属层压板的一部分的板层的失效应变。

Claims (16)

1.用于机翼(1)的纤维金属层压板(4)，具有纵向方向，并且包括多个金属层(5)和位于所述金属层(5)之间的多个纤维增强塑料层(6,7；6',7'；6”,7”)；所述金属层(5)和所述纤维增强塑料层(6,7,6',7',6”,7”)被接合在一起；以及至少一些所述纤维增强塑料层(6,7,6',7',6”,7”)的纤维以第一组被布置在所述纤维增强塑料层中的第一纤维增强塑料层(6)中以及以第二组被布置在所述纤维增强塑料层中的第二纤维增强塑料层(7)中，由此所述第一组的纤维相对于所述第二组的纤维成一个角度；其特征在于：
所述层压板(4)呈现第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维，所述第一类型的纤维在所述层压板(4)的所述纵向方向上被布置在所述层压板(4)的一个或多个所述纤维增强塑料层(6',7'；6”,7”)中；
所述层压板(4)在其对称平面处或附近具有相邻的所述第一纤维增强塑料层和第二纤维增强塑料层(6,7)，所述相邻的所述第一纤维增强塑料层和第二纤维增强塑料层(6,7)设有所述第二类型的纤维，其中所述第二类型的纤维以所述第一组的纤维被布置在所述层压板(4)的对称平面处或附近的所述相邻的所述第一纤维增强塑料层和第二纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中的所述第一纤维增强塑料层(6)中，以及以所述第二组的纤维被布置在所述层压板(4)的对称平面处或附近的所述相邻的所述第一纤维增强塑料层和第二纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中的所述第二纤维增强塑料层(7)中，由此所述第一组的纤维和所述第二组的纤维相对于所述层压板(4)的纵向方向以一个预定角度定向，所述预定角度在正或负10-40度的范围内选定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述第二类型的纤维具有比所述第一类型的纤维更高的强度和刚度。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，根据所述第一类型的纤维和所述第二类型的纤维的刚度差，选择所述第一组的纤维和所述第二组的纤维之间的角度值。
4.根据权利要求2所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述预定角度被选定为正或负10度的值。
5.根据权利要求2所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述预定角度被选定为正或负40度的值。
6.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述金属层是铝层，所述纤维增强塑料层中的第一类型的纤维选自包括玻璃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维的组，所述纤维增强塑料层中的第二类型的纤维选自包括聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维、碳纤维的组。
7.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述金属层是铝层，所述铝层包括5xxx系列的合金和/或2xxx系列的合金。
8.根据权利要求7所述的纤维金属层压板(4)，其特征在于，所述合金包含至少0.1重量百分比的锂。
9.机翼(1)，具有上部翼蒙皮壁板和下部翼蒙皮壁板，其特征在于：至少所述下部翼蒙皮壁板包括一个纤维金属层压板(4)，所述纤维金属层压板(4)具有多个金属层(5)和位于所述金属层(5)之间的相邻的纤维增强塑料层(6,7)；所述金属层(5)和所述纤维增强塑料层被接合在一起；所述层压板(4)呈现第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维；所述第一类型的纤维在所述机翼(1)的纵向方向上被设置在所述层压板(4)的一个或多个另外的纤维增强塑料层(6',7',6”,7”)中，所述一个或多个另外的纤维增强塑料层(6',7',6”,7”)位于所述金属层(5)之间，以及所述第二类型的纤维被设置在所述层压板(4)的对称平面处或附近的所述相邻的纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中，其中所述第二类型的纤维以第一组的纤维被布置在所述层压板(4)的对称平面中的所述相邻的纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中的第一纤维增强塑料层(6)中，以及以第二组的纤维被布置在所述层压板(4)的对称平面中的所述相邻的纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中的第二纤维增强塑料层(7)中，由此所述第一组的纤维和所述第二组的纤维相对于所述机翼的纵向方向以一个预定角度定向，所述角度在正或负10-40度的范围内选定。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机翼，其特征在于，所述第二类型的纤维具有比所述第一类型的纤维更高的强度和刚度。
11.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的机翼，其特征在于，根据所述第一类型的纤维和所述第二类型的纤维的刚度差，选择所述第一组的纤维和所述第二组的纤维之间的角度值。
12.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的机翼(1)，其特征在于，所述预定角度被选定为正或负10度的值。
13.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的机翼(1)，其特征在于，所述预定角度被选定为正或负40度的值。
14.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的机翼(1)，其特征在于，所述金属层是铝层，所述纤维增强塑料层(6',7',6”,7”)中的所述第一类型的纤维选自包括玻璃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维的组，所述纤维增强塑料层(6,7)中的所述第二类型的纤维选自包括聚酰胺纤维、PBO纤维、碳纤维的组。
15.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的机翼(1)，其特征在于，所述金属层是铝层，所述铝层包括5xxx系列的合金和/或2xxx系列的合金。
16.根据权利要求15所述的机翼(1)，其特征在于，所述合金包含至少0.1重量百分比的锂。
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