CN103131640A - Endophytic fungi strain SS1 and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mutant SS1 of an endophytic fungi strain growing in wild rice and the use of the mutant SS1 in plant growth adjustment and/or plant pathopoiesis, belongs to the field of microorganisms and microorganism application, and particularly discloses an endophytic fungi strain SS1. The endophytic fungi strain SS1 is harpophora oryzae (R5-6-1-SS1), and the conservation number of the endophytic fungi strain SS1 is CCTCC No. M 2012314. The endophytic fungi strain SS1 is used for causing a disease to a plant, wherein the plant refers to rice or barley.

Description

Endogenetic fungal bacterial strain SS1 and uses thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the mutant SS1 of the fungal bacterial strain of giving birth in a kind of wild-rice, with and in plant growth regulating and/or make the purposes of plant on causing a disease, belong to microorganism and microbe application field.

Background technology

Endogenetic fungus (endophytic fungi) at least the part of the life history can infect and surely grow in the health plant tissue, the host is without obvious class fungi (Petrini, 1991 of illness; Wilson, 1995), from mycorrhizal fungi, only to be present in root system of plant different, and can there be (Faeth &amp in endogenetic fungus at any histoorgan of the underground and aboveground of plant; Fagan, 2002).Endogenetic fungus usually forms the reciprocal symbiosis relation with host plant, and endogenetic fungus obtains the required nutrient of growth from host plant on the one hand, and endogenetic fungus can Promoting plant growth on the other hand, the antibiont of enhancing host plant and the ability of abiotic stress.What research was more at present is root nodule symbiote and mycorrhizas homobium, and the symbiote of endogenetic fungus and plant is another manifestation of higher plant and microorganisms symbiosis relation.The mutual do research of endogenetic fungus and plant receives investigator's concern day by day, and becomes the international focus of endogenetic fungus research field.

Endogenetic fungus-plant symbiosis is the coadapted results of both sides, and both are in a kind of running balance.In endogenetic fungus one plant symbiosis is done mutually, the gene expression profile of endogenetic fungus and plant occurs significantly to change, and its express spectra depends on inoculated endogenetic fungus kind; The change of genetic expression shows to exist between endogenetic fungus and plant the interchange (Bailey et al., 2006) of information.

Active oxygen (reactive oxygen species, ROS) is a kind of very important signal transduction mechanism in plant and microbial interaction.Nadph oxidase (NADPH oxidase, Nox) to electron acceptor(EA), causes the formation of active oxygen by the transfer transport of NADPH.Discovery along with the Nox family member, the production process of recognizing active oxygen is the signal pathway of the various atomizations of ubiquitous control, comprising processes such as the breeding of cell, apoptosis, hormone response, programmed cell death, the growth of root hair, spore germinations.In the symbiotic relationship of the fragrant post bacterium (Epichlo festucae) of the ergot mushroom endogenetic fungus fescue grass of systemic seed vertical transmission and English ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Endophytic Fungal Hyphae is height limitation growth pattern, surely grow in the intercellular substance of host plant over-ground part, along the direction growth that is parallel to rachis, branch hardly.The fragrant post bacterium NoxA mutant of fescue grass and host plant form hostile interaction, and mutant biomass in plant materials significantly increases, and the mycelia form changes, and growth radially; The plant of inoculation mutant is lost apical dominance, the serious passivation of growing, precocious old and feeble, last dead.Another Nox gene-NoxB does not affect the foundation of determining to grow with symbiotic relationship of the fragrant post bacterium of fescue grass.When the active oxygen of Nox complex body (comprising NoxA, NoxR and RacA) generation is disorderly, the symbiosis interaction is disintegrated, and the relation of plant and endogenetic fungus will be become by reciprocal symbiosis hostile.Therefore, the variation of the active oxygen that endogenetic fungus NoxA the produces growth in plant materials and biomass to it has regulating effect, and maintaining of symbiotic relationship played to vital effect.（Tanaka?et?al.,?2006;?Eaton?et?al.,?2011）。

In addition, many microorganisms can utilize NRPS114 (Nonribosomal peptide synthetase, NRPS) composite structure complexity, miscellaneous biologically active peptides, be used as microbiotic, immunosuppressor, anticancer and antiviral agent, siderophore and bio-surfactant etc.Be cloned into the gene sidN of a coding NRPS in the rye grass endogenetic fungus, this gene participates in synthetic siderophore; The mutant of sidN causes normally synthesizing siderophore, the disappearance of endogenetic fungus secretion siderophore ability has changed the running balance of symbiote iron ion, cause intercellular substance free iron ion to increase, cause the increase of reactive oxygen species by Fenton's reaction (Fenton reaction), final symbiotic relationship is transformed to Antagonism by reciprocity, the pathology downright bad (Eaton et al., 2011) that causes plant.

Another important signal transduction pathway is the former activated protein kinase of mitogen (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, map kinase, MAPK) approach caused by environment-stress.The MAPK approach has important effect to the virulence of many pathomycetes.The fragrant post bacterium of fescue grass sakA genes encoding MAPK, and show requisite effect in plant-endogenetic fungus symbiotic relationship.The disappearance of sakA gene determines that the interaction between fungi and host plant is become pathogenic by symbiosis.The sakA deletion mutant is inoculated on plant, plant shows the great variety in the forfeiture of apical dominance, precocious aging and plant evolution, comprise the formation of the similar bulb structure of the base portion of tillering and the forfeiture of anthocyanidin (Eaton et al., 2008).

Endogenetic fungus is also by inducing host plant to produce induction of resistance, thus the ability that raising Genes For Plant Tolerance biological (pathogenic bacteria, herbivore etc.) and abiotic (salt, arid, high temperature etc.) is coerced.The non-expressor 1(Nonexpressor of pathogenesis related gene of pathogenesis-related genes 1, NPR1) be systemic acquired resistance (systemic acquired resistance, SAR) key controlling gene in approach, between Whitfield's ointment (salicylic acid, the SA) accumulation and SAR genetic expression subsequently of its functional localization in the SAR signal transduction.The NPR1 gene is cloned and is obtained the earliest from the model plant Arabidopis thaliana.Itself does not have bacteriostatic activity NPR1, but the multiple defense response in its energy inducing plant body, and pathogenic bacteria is not had to strict kind specificity.India's pyriform spore (Piriformospora indica) induces the system resistance of Arabidopis thaliana to need jasmonate acid signal transmission and the NPR1 in tenuigenin.

Plant-endogenetic fungus symbiote is the higher plant found after leguminous plants-root nodule symbiote, mycorrhizas homobium and another manifestation of microorganisms symbiosis relation.But from the depth & wideth of research, with leguminous plants-root nodule symbiote, mycorrhizas homobium, compare, the research of plant-endogenetic fungus symbiote is just just in the basis exploratory stage.The mutual do research of plant-endogenetic fungus at present receives investigator's concern day by day, and becomes the international focus of endogenetic fungus research field.

Endogenetic fungus-host plant symbiosis is the coadapted results of both sides, and both are in a kind of running balance.In India's pyriform spore and Arabidopis thaliana syntaxial system, the beta-glucosidase (PYK10) existed in Arabidopis thaliana root cell endoplasmic reticulum can limit the intrusion of endogenetic fungus India pyriform spore and surely grow, thereby suppressed strong defensive raction, be conducive to both reciprocal symbiosis (Sherameti et al., 2008b); In India's pyriform spore and barley syntaxial system, endogenetic fungus infects after root system the expression that can weaken the HvBI-1 gene, and the crossing to express of HvBI-1 gene can be limited the infection strength of mycelia on the contrary.The HvBI-1 gene is very conservative in eukaryote, can suppress programmed cell death, this shows that the Growth and reproduction of Endophytic Fungal Hyphae in pin main body needs plant tissue cell's death (Deshmukh et al., 2006) to a certain degree, and finally both reach equilibrium state.At plant-pathogenic fungi, do mutually in research in addition, the programmed death (programmed cell death) or the autophagy (autophagy) that have been found that the pathogenic fungi mycelia are essential (Veneault-Fourrey et al. for its successful infected tissue, 2006), but, in endogenetic fungus-plant does mutually, whether also exist similar reaction mechanism in endogenetic fungus and up to the present also do not relate to.

Plant root nodule bacterium (RN) and mycorrhizal fungi (AM) syntaxial system are ubiquity and the most outstanding mode systems in plant-endophyte syntaxial system, and the molecular mechanism of doing mutually for research plant-dark septate endophyte provides basic model.Found the gene that a large amount of symbiosis are necessary in the white arteries and veins root of leguminous plants and clover symbiote.At present from various symbiosis mutant the clone obtain 26 genes, these genes participate in root nodule bacterium identification, early stage symbiosis signal cascade reaction, root infects with surely grow, formation and the fixed nitrogen of root nodule regulates.These are found to be molecular mechanism and the evolution of understanding better plant-dark septate endophyte symbiosis important clue (Johnson et al., 2008) are provided.CSP (the public symbiosis approach of common symbiosis pathway) is prevalent in cogeneration system.Ca ion signal approach is to set up the important channel of endosymbiosis system.CSP participates in the encoding and decoding of Ca ion signal, thereby affects the foundation of AM syntaxial system.At present, there are 7 gene SYMRK, CASTOR, POLLUX, NUP133, NUP85, CCaMK and CYCLOPS to be reported as the CSP gene.Confirmed that at present paddy rice has three CSP ortholog genes: OsCASTOR, OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK.Wherein, OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK are the requisite regulatory factors of paddy rice AM symbiote.In AM and RN cogeneration system, OsCASTOR and OsCCaMK are the molecular basises that maintains the CSP function.SYMRK and be rich in the common proteins encoded kinases (Johnson et al., 2008) of leucic repeat region (LRR).In addition, SYMRK can also participate in forming of Ca ion signal by the protein kinase activated by phosphorylation, regulates the signal conduction in cogeneration system.OsCASTOR and OsPOLLUX are transmembrane channel albumen (Deshmukh et al., 2006), in symbiote, signal transduction are also played a role.At the signal pathway initial stage, the much albumen be positioned on nucleus, such as nucleoporin NUP85, NUP133, participate in transportation and the location of Ca ion signal inducible factor.

CCaMK (protein kinase that calcium/calmodulin relies on) may be the demoder of Ca ion signal, affects infecting of mycorrhizal fungi.CYCLOPS/IPD3 is also the downstream modulin of Ca ion signal approach, with CCaMK, acts synergistically.When CCaMK causes phosphorylation, CYCLOPS activates Ca ion signal approach downstream gene, thereby makes mycorrhizal fungi and root nodule bacterium successfully infect the host.Studies have shown that, paddy rice has all CSP ortholog genes.Wherein, rice Os CASTOR, OsCCaMK, OsCYCLOPS, OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK also play vital regulating and controlling effect in paddy rice AM symbiote.Make mutually the factor with the screening of SYMRK/DMI2 kinases, result obtains HMGR1 from clover, from white arteries and veins root, obtains SIP.HMGR1 coding mevalonate synthetic enzyme, and this enzyme participates in the synthetic of isoprenoid.Therefore, HMGR1 is considered to participate in the formation with root nodule of infecting of root nodule bacterium.SIP is the DBP with ARID (AT-rich domain) that a class is new, the special promotor in conjunction with NIN.In the GRAS zone, translation factor NSP1 and NSP2 in leguminous plants RN symbiote, be must and specialization.Except NSP1 and NSP2, translation factor NIN, infect the vital role that is formed with of epiblem and root cortex root nodule to root nodule bacterium.OsNSP1, OsNSP2 with NSP1, NSP2 homology have also been found in paddy rice.In the mutant of white arteries and veins root (pattern leguminous plants) the NSP1-2 disappearance of losing in the symbiosis phenotype, rice Os NSP1, OsNSP2 can repair the disappearance of RN symbiosis phenotype fully.CASTOR, POLLUX, CCaMK and CYCLOPS still can find homologue in paddy rice, quite conservative and have an effect can not be substituted in symbiotic relationship on evolving.The gene of many coding GRAS albumen raises in the AM symbiote.At the initial stage nineties, the discovery of root nodule bacterium symbiosis signaling molecule (NFs, Nod facters) has important breakthrough, for setting forth better subsequently the Nod gene function, provides basis.The NF acceptor has identical structure, and this structure consists of jointly single passage cross-film district and the intracellular kinase zone of the outer Methionin induction region (LysM) of born of the same parents.

LysM participates in the binding of peptidoglycan or similar structures molecule, for example chitin oligose.In the mutant of LysM afunction, plant does not produce any reaction (Hiroshi et al., 2010) to the intrusion of root nodule bacterium and NFs.In white arteries and veins root, NFR1 and NFR5 form the acceptor complex body, and the NFs that root nodule bacterium are secreted has specialization identity.Because NFR5 intracellular region territory lacks kinase activity, so NFR1 plays vital effect in intracellular signal being conducted to the process in signal pathway downstream.And the kinase activity of NFR1 is in activating downstream symbiosis signal pathway essential (T. Nakagawa, unpublished result).Complete genome sequencing shows: LysM-RK(LysM receptor-like kinases) gene family can be connected and present diversification with partial replication by gene.So just increase the possibility of being regulated induction and the intracellular signal conduction of NF by the complex body of a plurality of LysM-RK genomic constitutions, and not only be confined to NFR1 and NFR5 complex body.So the definite mechanism of host plant identification NFs remains further to be studied.At present, 6 LysM-RK genes have been found in rice genome.The chitin acceptor CERK1 existed in Arabidopis thaliana, can cause plant congenital immunity power antagonism fungal pathogens.CERK1 also belongs to LysM-RK, and especially, aspect the intracellular kinase zone, CERK1 and NFR1 have high similarity.Based on structural similarity, NFR1 also has the effect (T.Nakagawa, unpublished results) of of short duration activation resistance related gene.Induction from the symbiosis signaling molecules of root nodule bacterium in white arteries and veins root is regulated by two LysM kinases NFR1 and NFR5.These two kinases root nodule bacterium infect the forming process with root nodule in essential.In the fragrant post bacterium of interior living fescue grass and host plant English ryegrass symbiote, mycelia is height limitation growth pattern, surely grows in the intercellular substance of host plant over-ground part, along the direction growth that is parallel to rachis, branch hardly.There is the signal conduction between the phenomenon explanation host of this strict control endophyte growth and symbiote.

In symbiote, endogenetic fungus is in the process of the growth that promotes plant and biomass raising, and hormonal substance plays very important effect.Wherein, the novel endogenous plant hormone that a class is secreted by plant root-solely the angle gold is sprouted plain lactone (Strigolactones), can promote the sprouting of metabolism, branch and the spore of fungi, changes physiological function and the mitochondria activity of fungi.Similarly, fungi is the releasor molecule also, causes the symbiosis specific reaction of plant root.The β-glucuronidase reporter gene of plant root is activated when hypha,hyphae approaches.Microorganism (such as endogenetic fungus, endogenetic bacteria, root nodule bacterium etc.), by generation or the interference plant hormone route of synthesis of inducing plant hormone, promotes the growth of plant and the increase of biomass.Especially thereby bacterium ACC decarboxylase is interfered the physiological function of host plant by the ethylene levels in the regulating plant body.TAKAKAZU(2010) etc. from the cultivated rice stem portion from obtaining endogenetic bacteria, azospirillum Azospirillum sp..By this bacterium the genomic sequence is analyzed, 2 hormone genes involveds have been found.The acdS gene, coding ACC decarboxylase.The acdR gene, regulate the expression of acdS.Azospirillum produces the ACC decarboxylase, reduces the ethylene content in plant materials, promotes the growth of plant, weakens the signal of environment-stress.In the former research of acdS, never reported.

By the function of research endogenetic fungus mutant, thereby find relevant key gene, the syntaxial system of studying endogenetic fungus and plant is significant.Paddy rice is the most important grain plant of China, the syntaxial system of endogenetic fungus and paddy rice, the research of endogenetic fungus mutant to the virulence of paddy rice, can develop and there is corresponding disease resistance defense mechanism biotechnological formulation, to improving the rice-cultivating growth, increase biomass, the research and the utilization that improve aspect its viability in adverse circumstance have great importance.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide mutants which had SS1 of a kind of endogenetic fungus and uses thereof.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of endogenetic fungal bacterial strain, be rice chain Saksenaea vasiformis (Harpophora oryzae) R5-6-1-SS1, its preserving number is: CCTCC NO:M 2012314.

The present invention also provides the purposes of above-mentioned endogenetic fungal bacterial strain simultaneously: for infecting plant, plant is caused a disease.

Improvement as the purposes of endogenetic fungal bacterial strain of the present invention: plant is paddy rice or barley.

Endogenetic fungal bacterial strain of the present invention, Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1, depositary institution: Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, preservation address: Wuhan, China Wuhan University, deposit number: CCTCC NO:M 2012314, the preservation time: on August 27th, 2012.

Bacterial strain Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 derives from the mutant of the endogenetic fungus rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis of paddy rice, belongs to mycota, Ascomycota, excrement shell guiding principle, the huge seat of mitosporic fungi shell section, Saksenaea.This bacterial strain has pathogenic effects on plant.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1: bacterial strain (rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had) Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 is 25 ℃ of dark colonial morphologies of cultivating after 5d on the CM substratum; With wild-type, R5-6-1 compares, and the R5-6-1-SS1 aerial hyphae is more dense, the bacterium colony Dark grey, and colony edge is irregular and extend radially, and melanin deposition also obviously increases.

Fig. 2: the lethal effect of bacterial strain Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 to paddy rice: control group 1 is blank, the rice seedlings that there is no inoculation, control group 2 is the rice seedlings of inoculation R5-6-1, and treatment group is the rice seedlings of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1.The treatment group plant overground part of inoculation R5-6-1-SS1 is organized withered death, and the plant of control group 1 and 2 grows fine;

Fig. 3: fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root;

A represents the root-hair zone shows fluorescent microscopy images,

B represents root-hair zone opticmicroscope figure,

C represents the square section, root-hair zone;

Fig. 4: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 infects the pathogenic experiment of barley;

Fig. 5: the barley leaves of micro-Microscopic observation inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 infect the situation of surely growing;

Fig. 6: the cross section situation of surely growing that infects of barley leaves of micro-Microscopic observation inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1;

Fig. 7: bacterial strain Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-S22 is 25 ℃ of dark colonial morphologies of cultivating after 5d on the CM substratum; With wild type strain, R5-6-1 compares, and aerial hyphae is more rare, bacteria colony white, and colony edge is neat also to be extended radially, and melanin deposition also obviously reduces, and does not almost have;

Fig. 8: the growth-promoting functions of rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-S22 to paddy rice: control group 1 is blank, the rice seedlings that there is no inoculation, control group 2 is the rice seedlings of inoculation R5-6-1, treatment group is the rice seedlings of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-S22, display process group plant overground part tissue growth is vigorous as a result, width of blade increases, and chlorophyll content increases, better than the plant growing way of control group 1 and 2.

Fig. 9: fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-S22 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root;

A represents the root-hair zone shows fluorescent microscopy images,

B represents root-hair zone opticmicroscope figure,

C represents the square section, root-hair zone;

Figure 10: the colonial morphology of bacterial strain Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 on the CM substratum.

Figure 11: the lethal effect of rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 to paddy rice: control group 1 is blank, the rice seedlings that there is no inoculation, control group 2 is the rice seedlings of inoculation R5-6-1, and treatment group is the rice seedlings of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19.

Figure 12: fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root;

A represents the root-hair zone shows fluorescent microscopy images,

B represents root-hair zone opticmicroscope figure,

C represents the square section, root-hair zone;

Figure 13: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 infects the pathogenic experiment of barley;

Figure 14: micro-Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 infects the situation of surely growing;

A represents the cross section shows fluorescent microscopy images of barley leaves,

The shows fluorescent microscopy images after barley leaves is infected in the B representative;

Figure 15; The colonial morphology of bacterial strain Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 on the CM substratum;

Figure 16: the lethal effect of rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 to paddy rice: control group 1 is blank, the rice seedlings that there is no inoculation, control group 2 is the rice seedlings of inoculation R5-6-1, and treatment group is the rice seedlings of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21.

Figure 17: fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root;

Figure 18: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 infects the pathogenic experiment of barley;

Figure 19: micro-Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 infects the situation of surely growing.

A represents the cross section shows fluorescent microscopy images of barley leaves,

The shows fluorescent microscopy images after barley leaves is infected in the B representative.

Embodiment

With reference to above-mentioned accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.

Remarks explanation: the sterilising treatment (121 ℃, 0.24 MPa, 20 minutes) that all needs to carry out in a conventional manner High Temperature High Pressure before following all substratum are used.

The acquisition of embodiment 1, endogenetic fungus mutants which had:

Wild-type rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis strain number is R5-6-1, separates from wild-rice root system in 2007.The R5-6-1 bacterial strain is kept at Dutch international fungi preservation center (numbering: CBS125863) with Chinese common micro-organisms preservation center (numbering: CGMCC 2737).

The conventional things such as Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) strains A GL1 and plasmid pCAMBIA1300 are this laboratory and preserve.Agrobacterium is generally 28 ℃ of dark culturing, and the minimum medium of growth is the LB liquid nutrient medium, in 4% glycerine, under-70 ℃, preserves.

CM(Complete Medium) substratum: 20 * Nitrate salts 50ml, 1000 * Trace Elements 1ml, D-glucose (glucose) 10g, Peptone (peptone) 2g, Yeast extract (yeast extract) 1g, Casamino acid (casamino acids) 1g, 1000 * Vitamin solution 1ml, with 1mol/L NaOH adjust pH to 6.5, adding distil water is to 1L.

The CM solid medium is above-mentioned CM(Complete Medium) add agar powder 12g on the basis of substratum.

20 * Nitrate salts(1000ml) configuration: NaNO ₃120g, KCl 10.4g, MgSO ₄. 7H2O 10.4g, KH ₂pO ₄30.4g water is settled to 1L.

1000 * Trace Elements(100ml) configuration: ZnSO ₄. 7H ₂o 2.2g, H ₃bO ₃1.1g, MnCl ₂. 4H ₂o 0.5g, FeSO ₄. 7H ₂o 0.5g, CoCl ₂. 6H ₂o 0.17g, CuSO ₄. 5H ₂o 0.16g, Na ₂moO ₄. 5H ₂o 0.15g, Na ₄eDTA 5g, water is settled to 100ml.

1000 * Vitamin solution(100ml) configuration: Biotin 0.01g, Pyridoxin 0.01g, Thiamine 0.01g, Riboflavin 0.01g, PABA (p-aminobenzonic acid) 0.01g, Nicotinic acid 0.01g, water is settled to 100ml.

Water agar: distilled water adds 1.5% agar powder (mass ratio that is agar powder and distilled water is 1.5:98.5), and autoclaving, separate for monospore.

DCM(Defined Complex Medium) substratum: for transformant SUR resistance screening, Yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (Difco) 1.7g, Asparagines 2g, NH ₄nO ₃1g, Glucose 10g, be settled to 1L, uses Na ₂hPO ₄adjust pH to 6.0.

LB liquid nutrient medium (Luria-Bertani): Tryptone (Tryptones) 10g, Yeast extract (yeast extract) 5g, NaCl (sodium-chlor) 10g, add deionized water to 1000ml, is adjusted to pH7.5 with NaOH solution, autoclaving.

LB solid medium: Tryptone (Tryptones) 10g, Yeast extract (yeast extract) 5g, NaCl (sodium-chlor) 10g, agar powder 12g, add deionized water to 1000ml, is adjusted to pH7.5 with NaOH solution, autoclaving.

Agrobacterium inducing culture AIM formula: 0.8 ml 1.25 K-Phosphate-buffer pH 4.8 (use KH ₂pO ₄and K ₂hPO ₄preparation), 20 ml MN-buffer (30 g/l MgSO ₄7H ₂o, 15 g/l NaCl, 1L H ₂o ₂), 1 ml 1% CaCl ₂2H ₂o (w/v), 10 ml 0.01 % FeSO ₄(w/v), 5 ml spore elements (100 mg/l ZnSO ₄7H ₂o, 100 mg/l CuSO ₄5H ₂o, 100 mg/l H ₃bO ₃, 100 mg/l Na ₂moO ₄2H ₂o, 1L H ₂o ₂) (filtration sterilization), 2.5 ml 20% NH ₄nO ₃(w/v), 10 ml 50% glycerol (v/v), 40 ml 1 M MES pH 5.5 (with NaOH solution adjust pH), 20% glucose (w/v): add 10 ml in liquid nutrient medium, solid medium adds 5 ml, add water to 1L, solid medium adds 1.5% agar powder, (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) DMSO preparation for 200 mM AS-).

Above-mentioned all substratum all need to carry out the sterilising treatment (121 ℃, 0.24 MPa, 20 minutes) of High Temperature High Pressure.

Under laboratory condition, can obtain endogenetic fungus mutants which had of the present invention according to the freeze-thaw method method for transformation of Agrobacterium AGL1, i.e. rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had.Specific as follows:

At first, Agrobacterium competence preparation: by fluorescent fusion protein expression vector pKD6-GFP and the pKD5-RED(Li et al. 2012 built) by freeze-thaw method, be transformed into agrobacterium strains AGL1.

Agrobacterium strains is activated on the LB flat board, then forward 28 ℃ of shaken overnight in 5mL LB liquid nutrient medium to and cultivate; This nutrient solution of transferase 12 mL is to 28 ℃ of shaking culture in the triangular flask that 50mL LB liquid nutrient medium is housed to OD600 0.5～1.0; Place and stop growing on ice, 4 ℃ of centrifugal 5min of 3000g; 20 mM CaCl of 1mL precooling for precipitation ₂solution suspends, and divides and installs in pre-cooled Eppendorf centrifuge tube, every pipe 0.1mL;

Add carrier (fluorescent fusion protein expression vector pKD6-GFP or the pKD5-RED) plasmid DNA of 1 μ g in above-mentioned centrifuge tube, freezing in liquid nitrogen; 37 ℃ of water-bath 5min thaw; Add the 1mLLB liquid nutrient medium, 28 ℃ of jogs are cultivated 2-4h; Cultured bacterium liquid is applied on the LB flat board that contains kantlex (containing 50 μ g/ml), the positive 30min that places, after bacterium liquid is absorbed by substratum fully, be inverted culture dish, cultivates 2-4d for 28 ℃.

Secondly, the T-DNA of rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis transforms: from the LB of above-mentioned cultivation dull and stereotyped (containing 50 μ g/ml kantlex), select the single colony inoculation of Agrobacterium in 5ml LB liquid nutrient medium (containing 50 μ g/ml kantlex), 200rpm/min, 28 ℃ of incubated overnight; Second day is transferred to 5ml by 200-400 μ l nutrient solution and is contained inducing in liquid nutrient medium (AIM) of 50 μ g/ml kantlex, and OD value approximately 0.15,28 ℃ of cultivation makes OD600 reach 0.5 ~ 0.6 in 5 ~ 6 hours; Wash lower rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis wild-type conidium with the 10ml sterile purified water from the CM flat board of cultivating about 10 days, count with blood counting chamber after three layers of lens wiping paper filter, and be 10 with sterilized water dilution spore concentration ⁶individual/ml; Get the cultured Agrobacterium AGL-1(of 100 μ l containing carrier) bacterium liquid and the 100 μ l rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis conidial suspension mixing of having diluted, mixed solution (200 μ l) evenly is applied to the nitrocellulose filter surface on the AIM flat board, AIM is dull and stereotyped containing 200 μ M Syringylethanone (AS, acetosyringone) or contain AS not in contrast, cultivate altogether 48 hours for 22 ℃; Then nitrocellulose filter is transferred to containing chlorimuronethyl and antibiotic DCM and selected on flat board, containing 300 μ g/ml chlorimuronethyls (SUR), 400 μ g/ml cephamycins (cefotaxime), 60 μ g/ml Streptomycin sulphates (streptomycin), plate is placed under 28 ℃ and cultivates the transformant appearance in selective medium.

The present invention obtains altogether 87 of transformants, and wherein 4 (from wild-type rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis strain number, being that R5-6-1 is obviously different) carry out preservation, specific as follows:

Strain number is Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1, depositary institution: Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, preservation address: Wuhan, China Wuhan University, deposit number: CCTCC NO:M 2012314, August 27 2012 preservation time.

Strain number is Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-S22, depositary institution: Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, preservation address: Wuhan, China Wuhan University, deposit number: CCTCC NO:M 2012315, August 27 2012 preservation time.

Strain number is Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19, depositary institution: Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, preservation address: Wuhan, China Wuhan University, deposit number: CCTCC NO:M 2012312, August 27 2012 preservation time.

Strain number is Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21, depositary institution: Chinese Typical Representative culture collection center, preservation address: Wuhan, China Wuhan University, deposit number: CCTCC NO:M 2012313, August 27 2012 preservation time.

Embodiment 2, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1(CCTCC NO:M 2012314) morphologic observation:

Observe colonial morphology, color, growth velocity, sporulation quantity and the melanin deposition of this mutants which had on the CM substratum.

Observations (Fig. 1) shows: mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 on the CM substratum 25 ℃ dark cultivate 5d after, colony diameter is respectively 5.8cm, 5.5cm.With wild type strain, compare, aerial hyphae is more dense, the bacterium colony Dark grey, and colony edge is irregular and extend radially, and the sporulation quantity utmost point significantly improves, and is 3.92 * 10 ⁹/ ware, melanin deposition also obviously increases.

Embodiment 3, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1(CCTCC NO:M 2012314) to the lethal effect of paddy rice:

MS substratum (1L): saltpetre 1900mg/L, ammonium nitrate 1650 mg/L, sal epsom 370 mg/L, potassium primary phosphate 170 mg/L, calcium chloride 440 mg/L, manganous sulfate 22.3 mg/L, zinc sulfate 8.6 mg/L, boric acid 6.2 mg/L, potassiumiodide 0.83 mg/L, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.25 mg/L, copper sulfate 0.025 mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.025 mg/L, ferrous sulfate 27.8 mg/L, Na2EDTA37.3 mg/L, glycine 2.0 mg/L, vitamin 0.1 mg/L, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5 mg/L, inositol 100 mg/L, 30g sucrose, agar powder 8g, H ₂o is settled to 1L, pH value 5.8.

Rice paddy seed (CO39) shells, and with 75% alcohol immersion 5 min, subsequently seed is placed on to the NaClO solution surface sterilization 8-10 min(with 1% in triangular flask and fully shakes up), finally repeatedly rear standby by sterile water wash.Above-mentioned seed evenly is laid on pre-prepd MS flat board, after seal plate with the Parafilm sealed membrane, cultivate (16h illumination/8h dark) at 25 ℃ of constant incubators.After 5 days, by allometry, consistent axenic germination seed moves into 1/2 MS(Murashige and Skoog minimum medium) in the flat board of substratum (13cm * 13cm), 5 seedlings of every plate access 3 R5-6-1-SS1 bacterium cake (diameters: 0.5cm) of cultivating in advance simultaneously.Control group 1 is that control group 2 is the CM agar block containing the R5-6-1 bacterial strain not containing the CM agar block of bacterial strain.If 5 repetitions.After cultivating altogether 30 days, observe the growing way of rice seedlings.

The growing way of visual inspection rice seedlings (Fig. 2), find: the treatment group plant overground part of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 is organized withered death, and the plant of control group 1 and 2 grows fine.

Fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-SS1 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root: observations (Fig. 3) is found: the mutant mycelia is concentrated and is distributed in root-hair zone, especially root wool base, mycelia is intensive, hypha biomass is many, and mycelia enters endodermis by cortex, finally infect and surely grow the pillar cell and vascular tissue in root system.Simultaneously, the root Root hair curling of surely being grown is out of shape, and grows limitedly, and length shortens, and dun scab occurs.Only surely grow and surely grow pattern in epidermis with the space constraint of cortex and compare with wild type strain, the pathotype bacterial strain can infect the vascular tissue of surely growing root, is nonrestrictive surge type growth.

Embodiment 4, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-SS1(CCTCC NO:M 2012314) pathogenic to infecting of barley leaves:

Barley (ZJ-8) light/6d that secretly grows seedlings, the first leaf of clip surface nondestructive, for inoculation test.25 ℃, dark rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis wild-type R5-6-1 and the mutants which had R5-6-1-SS1 of cultivating on the CM solid medium, within 10 days, beat and get the bacterium cake with the punch tool of 0.8cm bore afterwards, by pure culture biscuits involvng inoculation in vitro barley leaves, 3 bacterium cakes of every leaf, 3 repetitions, 25 ℃, 12/12h light/dark moisturizing is cultivated, and observes and record incidence after 4d, and test repeats 3 times.

Result (Fig. 4) is found: R5-6-1-SS1 causes serious harm to barley leaves, have very strong pathogenic, inoculation place produces the larger diffustivity black scab of area, and scab can diffuse to healthy area on every side along vein fast, the scab middle section rots gradually, and exists a large amount of mycelia; By contrast, wild type strain does not form scab, pathogenic without infecting.

The barley leaves of inoculating by microscopic examination, the situation of surely growing that infects of observing bacterial strain.Found that: R5-6-1-SS1 can form a large amount of auburn appressoriums (Fig. 5) at blade surface, appressorium forms then infects epidermis and the subcutaneous cell that mycelia is directly infected the host, finally surely grow in the vascular tissue of vein, diffuse to peripheral position by vein, the blade cell of surely being grown and vascular bundle necrocytosis (Fig. 6).

Embodiment 5, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22(CCTCC NO:M 2012315) morphologic observation:

Observe colonial morphology, color, growth velocity, sporulation quantity and the melanin deposition of mutants which had on the CM substratum.Observations (Fig. 7) shows: mutants which had on the CM substratum 25 ℃ dark cultivate 5d after, colony diameter is respectively 2.8cm, 2.5cm.With wild type strain, compare, aerial hyphae is more rare, bacteria colony white, and colony edge is neat also to be extended radially, and the sporulation quantity utmost point significantly improves, and is 3.34 * 10 ⁹/ ware, melanin deposition also obviously reduces, and does not almost have.

Embodiment 6, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22(CCTCC NO:M 2012315) to the growth-promoting functions of paddy rice:

Method is with reference to embodiment 3.

After 5 days, by allometry, consistent axenic germination seed moves into 1/2 MS(Murashige and Skoog minimum medium) in the flat board of substratum (13cm * 13cm), 5 seedlings of every plate, access 3 R5-6-1-S22 bacterium cake (diameters: 0.5cm) of cultivating in advance simultaneously, control group 1 is that control group 2 is the CM agar block containing wild-type R5-6-1 bacterial strain not containing the CM agar block of bacterial strain.If 5 repetitions.After cultivating altogether 30 days, observe the growing way of rice seedlings.

The growing way of visual inspection rice seedlings (Fig. 8), find: the treatment group plant overground part tissue growth of inoculation Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22 is vigorous, with respect to control group 1, width of blade has increased by 39.7%, chlorophyll content has increased by 88.2%, than control group 2, width of blade has increased by 10.5%, and chlorophyll content has increased by 28%.Illustrate: Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22 is more more remarkable than the growth-promoting functions of wild type strain.

Fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root: observations (Fig. 9) is found: mycelia mainly distributes and surely grows on the root system surface equably, root-hair zone is slightly many, promote the growth of root hair, no pathogenicity.The mycelia of the overwhelming majority is gathered near rhizosphere, only surely grows in epidermal area and exodermis, does not infect endodermis and the middle pillar cell.Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-S22 is only limited to around rhizosphere and determines to grow pattern with epidermis and appearance cortex, and the characteristic that promotes host's growth, it more is similar to mycorrhizal fungi and fabaceous fixed nitrogen class fungi in soil, be centered around rhizosphere and promote the dietetic alimentation of root system on every side, increase absorption area, thereby be beneficial to the growth of plant.

Embodiment 7, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19(CCTCC NO:M 2012312) morphologic observation:

Observe colonial morphology, color, growth velocity, sporulation quantity and the melanin deposition of mutants which had on the CM substratum.

Observations (Figure 10) shows: mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 on the CM substratum 25 ℃ dark cultivate 5d after, colony diameter is respectively 4.5cm, 4.3cm.With wild type strain, compare, aerial hyphae is more dense, the bacterium colony Dark grey, and colony edge is irregular and extend radially, and the sporulation quantity utmost point significantly improves, and is 3.94 * 10 ⁹/ ware, melanin deposition also obviously increases.

Embodiment 8, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-RR19(CCTCC NO:M 2012312) to the lethal effect of paddy rice:

Method is with reference to embodiment 3.

After 5 days, by allometry, consistent axenic germination seed moves into 1/2 MS(Murashige and Skoog minimum medium) in the flat board of substratum (13cm * 13cm), 5 seedlings of every plate, access 3 R5-6-1-RR19 bacterium cake (diameters: 0.5cm) of cultivating in advance simultaneously, control group 1 is that control group 2 is the CM agar block containing the R5-6-1 bacterial strain not containing the CM agar block of bacterial strain.If 5 repetitions.After cultivating altogether 30 days, observe the growing way of rice seedlings.

The growing way of visual inspection rice seedlings (Figure 11), find: the treatment group plant overground part of inoculation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 is organized withered death, and the plant of control group 1 and 2 grows fine.

Fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root: observations (Figure 12) is found: the mutant mycelia is concentrated and is distributed in root-hair zone, especially root wool base, mycelia is intensive, hypha biomass is many, and mycelia enters endodermis by cortex, finally infect and surely grow the pillar cell and vascular tissue in root system.Simultaneously, the root Root hair curling of surely being grown is out of shape, and grows limitedly, and length shortens, and dun scab occurs.Only surely grow and surely grow pattern in epidermis with the space constraint of cortex and compare with wild type strain, the pathotype bacterial strain can infect the vascular tissue of surely growing root, is nonrestrictive surge type growth.

Embodiment 9, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19(CCTCC NO:M 2012312) pathogenic to infecting of barley leaves:

Barley (ZJ-8) light/6d that secretly grows seedlings, the first leaf of clip surface abrasion, for inoculation test.25 ℃, dark rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis wild-type R5-6-1 and the mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 of cultivating on the CM solid medium, within 10 days, beat and get the bacterium cake with the punch tool of 0.8cm bore afterwards, by pure culture biscuits involvng inoculation in vitro barley leaves, 3 bacterium cakes of every leaf, 3 repetitions, 25 ℃, 12/12h light/dark moisturizing is cultivated, and observes and record incidence after 4d, and test repeats 3 times.

Result (Figure 13) is found: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 causes serious harm to barley leaves, have very strong pathogenic, inoculation place produces the larger diffustivity black scab of area, and scab can diffuse to healthy area on every side along vein fast, the scab middle section rots gradually, and exists a large amount of mycelia; By contrast, wild type strain does not form scab, pathogenic without infecting.

The barley leaves of inoculating by microscopic examination, the situation of surely growing that infects of observing bacterial strain.Found that: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR19 mycelia is directly infected epidermis and subcutaneous cell from the blade wound, finally surely grow in the vascular tissue of vein, diffuse to peripheral position by vein, the blade cell of surely being grown and vascular bundle necrocytosis (Figure 14).

Embodiment 10, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21(CCTCC NO:M 2012313) morphologic observation:

Observe colonial morphology, color, growth velocity, sporulation quantity and the melanin deposition of mutants which had on the CM substratum.

Observations (Figure 15) shows: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 mutants which had on the CM substratum 25 ℃ dark cultivate 5d after, colony diameter is respectively 5.4cm, 5.4cm.With wild type strain, compare, aerial hyphae is slightly dense, the bacterium colony canescence, and the neat shape of also crawling radially of colony edge extends, and sporulation quantity is 3.25 * 10 ⁹/ ware, melanin deposition also obviously reduces.

Embodiment 11, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21(CCTCC NO:M 2012313) to the lethal effect of paddy rice:

Method is with reference to embodiment 3.

After 5 days, by allometry, consistent axenic germination seed moves into 1/2 MS(Murashige and Skoog minimum medium) in the flat board of substratum (13cm * 13cm), 5 seedlings of every plate, access 3 R5-6-1-RR21 bacterium cake (diameters: 0.5cm) of cultivating in advance simultaneously, control group 1 is that control group 2 is the CM agar block containing the R5-6-1 bacterial strain not containing the CM agar block of bacterial strain.If 5 repetitions.After cultivating altogether 30 days, observe the growing way of rice seedlings.

The growing way of visual inspection rice seedlings (Figure 16), find: the treatment group plant overground part of inoculation Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-RR21 is organized withered death, and the plant of control group 1 and 2 grows fine.

Fluorescence microscopy Microscopic observation Harpophora oryzaeR5-6-1-RR21 reaches the impact on root growth and development in the situation of growing of determining of root: observations (Figure 17) is found: the mutant mycelia enters endodermis by cortex, finally infects and surely grows the pillar cell and vascular tissue in root system.Only surely grow and surely grow pattern in epidermis with the space constraint of cortex and compare with wild type strain, the pathotype bacterial strain can infect the vascular tissue of surely growing root, is nonrestrictive surge type growth.

Embodiment 12, rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis mutants which had Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21(CCTCC NO:M 2012313) pathogenic to infecting of barley leaves:

Barley (ZJ-8) light/6d that secretly grows seedlings, the first leaf of clip surface abrasion, for inoculation test.25 ℃, dark rice falciform Saksenaea vasiformis wild-type R5-6-1 and the mutants which had R5-6-1-RR21 of cultivating on the CM solid medium, within 10 days, beat and get the bacterium cake with the punch tool of 0.8cm bore afterwards, by pure culture biscuits involvng inoculation in vitro barley leaves, 3 bacterium cakes of every leaf, 3 repetitions, 25 ℃, 12/12h light/dark moisturizing is cultivated, and observes and record incidence after 4d, and test repeats 3 times.

Result (Figure 18) is found: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 causes comparatively serious harm to barley leaves, have stronger pathogenic, inoculation place produces the larger diffustivity black scab of area, and scab can diffuse to healthy area on every side along vein fast, the scab middle section rots gradually, and exists a large amount of mycelia; By contrast, wild type strain does not form scab, pathogenic without infecting.

The barley leaves of inoculating by microscopic examination, the situation of surely growing that infects of observing bacterial strain.Found that: Harpophora oryzae R5-6-1-RR21 mycelia is directly infected host's epidermis and subcutaneous cell, finally surely grow in the vascular tissue of vein, diffuse to peripheral position by vein, the blade cell of surely being grown and vascular bundle necrocytosis (Figure 19).

Finally, it is also to be noted that, what more than enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention, all should think protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. endogenetic fungal bacterial strain SS1, it is characterized in that: be rice chain Saksenaea vasiformis (Harpophora oryzae) R5-6-1-SS1, its preserving number is: CCTCC NO:M 2012314.

2. the purposes of endogenetic fungal bacterial strain SS1 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: plant is caused a disease.

3. the purposes of endogenetic fungal bacterial strain SS1 according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described plant is paddy rice or barley.

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