Summary of the invention
Therefore, task of the present invention is for the problems referred to above, proposes a kind of Polycrystalline diamond reamer for processing discontinuous pores.The hole wall that described hole comprises hole central axis and limits around this hole central axis, this hole wall is formed with the discontinuous dead slot of hole wall (or through hole) part and entity part, and the discontinuous part of described hole wall limits the central angle of the discontinuous part of hole wall about this hole central axis.The corresponding polycrystalline diamond blade that this reamer comprises the rigidity cutter hub limiting reamer central axis, at least three the dentation base portions arranged from the parallel interval of this cutter hub elongation moulding and is separately fixed at each dentation base portion, every sheet polycrystalline diamond blade comprises the cutting edge being positioned at axial distal end and the wiper edges be connected with this cutting edge; The blade center angle equal with number of blades is limited respectively about this reamer central axis between the wiper edges of each adjacent blade, center angle can be non-decile, wherein said blade center angle is timesharing such as non-grade, and the difference of its maximum center angle and minimum center angle is more than or equal to the central angle of the discontinuous part of described hole wall.
So arranged by the present invention, effectively can make up the vibration that causes when losing power instantaneously when there being cutter tooth to enter the discontinuous part of hole wall in hole wall and cause the impact that other cutter tooth causes in wall.
According to a preferred embodiment, in the angle of described center, the absolute value of the difference of any two blade center's angles is greater than the central angle of the discontinuous part of described hole wall.
According to further preferred embodiment, the first feed part that all blades that entity part comprises reamer are formed when being all positioned at entity part and when the discontinuous part of described hole wall passed through by arbitrary blade, all the other blades being arranged in entity part are in multiple second feed parts of this entity part corresponding formation respectively; The center angle of described blade is so arranged thus the overlapping region between described multiple second feed part is minimized.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, reamer is configured under the central angle of the discontinuous part of given hole wall is A1 and given number of blades is n situation, and works as central angle and the satisfied (n of described number of blades of the discontinuous part of described hole wall
2-n+1) A1≤360 ° time, multiple second feed part is not overlapping each other.Preferably, described reamer is configured to the central angle and the satisfied (n of described number of blades that work as the discontinuous part of described hole wall
2-n+1) A1 > 360 ° time, the central angle sum that multiple second feed part is configured to its overlapping region approximates greatly (n
2-n+1) A1 deducts the difference of 360 °.
Preferably, it is distally convergent that described wiper edges is configured to relative to reamer central axis, and the tangent value at inclination angle is in the scope of 0.06/100-0.1/100, is preferably approximately 0.08/100.
More preferably, described cutting edge and described reamer central axis form the tool cutting edge angle of angle between 70 °-80 °, and have the radial dimension of the reaning allowance more than 2 times in hole.
According to a preferred embodiment, described blade have be positioned at rake face on front side of this wiper edges in the circumferential, immediately following the circumferential cylinder land after this wiper edges, immediately following the one or more rear bight after circumferential cylinder land, wherein said circumferential cylinder land has the width of 0.2mm-0.35mm.
More preferably, described rake face has the anterior angle between-1 °-3 °, and described rear bight comprises the first and second relief angles, and this second relief angle is in the scope of 12 °-18 °.
According to another preferred embodiment, described at least three dentation base portions are arranged to extend obliquely with this reamer central axis, and have the helix angle within the scope of 0 °-10 °.
Detailed description of the invention
Refer now to the following description and accompanying drawing, describe the exemplary scheme of reamer of the present invention (and prior art reamer in contrast) in detail.Although provide accompanying drawing to be that accompanying drawing need not be drawn by the size of specific embodiments in order to present embodiments more of the present invention, and some feature can be exaggerated, remove or partial sectional to illustrate and to explain disclosure of the present invention better.
Relate to special characteristic that " illustrating " or similar term mean to describe in conjunction with exemplary arrangement in description, structure and characteristics is included at least one figure, but the phrase occurred in the description " in the accompanying drawings " or similar term need not with reference to whole accompanying drawings.In the present invention, same or analogous parts refer to same or analogous Reference numeral so that unified and contrast.
Term " about " in the present invention or " approximately " will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art and change according to the context using this term within the specific limits.If the use of this term is unclear to those skilled in the art in given using in the context of this term, so " about " or " approximately " will refer to the plus-minus 5% of concrete numerical value or parameter value.Mean from about X to about Y from about X to Y, wherein X and Y is occurrence.
The implication of term " central angle " or " center angle " is known to those skilled in the art herein, to refer in perpendicular to the plane of central axis with central axis to be the angle that angular vertex is formed.
Term " discontinuous part " in the present invention refers to the recessed portion not processed when reaming formed in hole wall, the keyway such as formed in hole wall, groove or phase perforation; " entity part " then refers to the wall portion except above-mentioned discontinuous part, and entity part refers to when reaming substantially by the part of ream machining.
Fig. 1 shows according to polycrystalline diamond of the present invention (PCD) reamer front view, at least three dentation base portions that this reamer comprises rigidity cutter hub 1 (it is such as carbide alloy cutter hub) and arranges from the parallel interval of this cutter hub elongation moulding are 4 dentation base portions T1, T2, T3 and T4 in figure 3.This reamer also comprises the polycrystalline diamond PCD blade 2 be separately fixed on a corresponding dentation base portion.As is known to persons skilled in the art, rigidity cutter hub can comprise cutter neck and the handle of a knife for clamping, and described dentation base portion is arranged on cutter neck.As shown in the figure, D is cutter teeth diameter, and it corresponds to wants processed workpiece hole diameter, and D1 is cutter neck diameter, and D2 is shank diameter, and O-O ' is depicted as reamer central axis, also referred to as the work gyroaxis of this reamer.It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that this reamer central axis operationally overlaps in theory with central axis to be reamed.During work, blade is the rotation of work gyroaxis around reamer central axis O-O ', and does axial feed motion along left direction in FIG, and such as does counterclockwise rotary motion in figure 3, thus cuts with scissors out accurately machined wall surface of the hole by polycrystalline diamond blade 2.
Fig. 2 shows the zoomed-in view of region A in Fig. 1.Shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the wiper edges 4 that it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the cutting edge 3 that the blade of reamer comprises the axial distal end being positioned at cutter hub and be connected with this cutting edge.First cutting edge 3 for running into and excise allowance when axial feed in reaming procedure, and wiper edges 4 meets required precision for further smoothing wall surface of the hole to make it, and this is well known in the art, and is not described in detail in this.As shown in Figure 2, this cutting edge 3 is formed with angle with described reamer central axis, and be defined herein as the tool cutting edge angle κ of cutting edge, they are preferably between 70 °-80 °.By arranging above-mentioned larger tool cutting edge angle, radial load during ream machining can be reduced, by the asymmetric vibration that causes of radial cutting force and radial deflection during to reduce discontinuous cutting.In addition, described cutting edge 3 also limits its radial dimension e, and this radial dimension e is preferably greater than the reaning allowance (monolateral) in the hole equaling 2 times.The monolateral surplus that such setting prevents the processing of an operation to cause surplus inequality and causes is greater than the radial dimension e of cutting edge, causes vibration cutting and affects processing.
As shown in Figure 1, described dentation base portion is in tilted layout relative to this reamer central axis, but also can expect that dentation base portion and reamer centerline axis parallel extend.Preferably, dentation base portion is formed in the helix angle β within the scope of 0 °-10 ° relative to reamer central axis.Arrange the helix angle β being greater than 0, the rake face (Fig. 2) that can make cutter end tooth cutting edge has certain anterior angle, and the cutting force of cutter when axial feed cuts is reduced.β value is larger, and it is more obvious that cutting force reduces effect.But β value is excessive, make end tooth anterior angle excessive, thus easily make cutting edge 3 crumble.
Continue with reference to figure 1, described wiper edges is configured to be distally convergent relative to reamer central axis, namely these wiper edges (will understand from Fig. 4, and also comprise the circumferential cylinder land be positioned on rear side of wiper edges circumference) are distally defining back taper structure DZ.And preferably, the tangent value of the angle of described wiper edges and described reamer central axis, in the scope of about 0.06/100 to about 0.1/100, is more preferably about 0.08/100.In reamer, if back taper arranges too small, during fraising, can vibration be produced, produce chatter mark at hole wall; And if back taper is excessive, the aperture of cutting with scissors out may be caused to be greater than predetermined hole diameter, and on hole wall, to have revolution tool marks.
Refer now to Fig. 3, it is from the side view viewed from reamer axial distal end, and this side view is perpendicular to the axis of rotation O-O ' of reamer.Composition graphs 1 and 3, as shown in the figure, shows 4 and tilts and dentation base portion T1, T2, T3, T4 arranged parallel to each other, and limit chip area between described dentation base portion.The direction of chip area is identical with helix angle with angle.Under the prerequisite meeting chip removal, the degree of depth of chip area is the smaller the better, to increase the rigidity of cutter.Although show 4 dentation base portions in figures 1 and 3, also can be other numbers, such as, schematically show 3 dentation base portions in Fig. 5 b, can also be other more number.But according to dentation base portion T >=3 of the present invention.As shown in figs. 1 and 3, dentation base portion T1, T2, T3, T4 have groove, it for fixing (such as welding or gluing) polycrystalline diamond PCD blade 2, thus forms several all teeth of reamer.
As shown in Figure 3, four blade center angle W1, W2, W3, the W4s equal with number of blades are limited respectively about this reamer central axis between each adjacent blade (specifically wiper edges), it is conceivable that, if there is the blade of different number, also blade center's angle of this number will be had.In the present invention, blade center's angle preferably not decile, this will hereafter enter to describe in detail.
Following reference diagram 4, shows the partial enlarged drawing of a dentation base portion T1 and PCD blade section in the side view of Polycrystalline diamond reamer.As shown in Figure 4, blade have be positioned in the circumferential on front side of this wiper edges, as metal fillings flux surface rake face 5, immediately following the circumferential cylinder land b after this wiper edges, (be two in the drawings immediately following one or more rear bight after circumferential cylinder land, i.e. the first relief angle and the second relief angle), this is structure well known by persons skilled in the art.In an illustrated embodiment, wiper edges projects into a bit, and rake face and the angle crossed between cutter centre of gyration O and the line of wiper edges subpoint are smoothing anterior angle γ, about smoothing anterior angle γ=0 °, such as, in the scope of-1 ° to 3 °.Preferably, this circumferential cylinder land b has the circumferential width of about 0.2mm-0.35mm.As shown in the figure, the second relief angle α is in the scope of 12 °-18 °.
For circumferential cylinder land b, can more specifically so arrange, namely reamer diameter is larger, and circumferential cylinder land is wider; But circumferential cylinder land is narrow or wide, be all unfavorable for the roughness ensureing hole surface.The relation of the width of reamer diameter D and circumferential cylinder land b is schematically shown in hereafter table 1.
The relation of table 1---reamer diameter and circumferential cylinder land
For the first relief angle, its requirement is less than the second relief angle α, but ensures dodging mainly according to the second relief angle α after processing.Limit α=about 12 °-18 ° in the present invention.But more preferably, reamer diameter is larger, all tooth second relief angle α are less, prevent rear knife face or rub between cutter hub and workpiece to be machined surface and affect the roughness on workpiece to be machined surface.The relation of reamer diameter D and the second relief angle α is schematically shown in hereafter table 2.
Table 2---the relation of reamer diameter and the second relief angle
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3 and 5a-d, thought of the present invention is described.Existing reamer, when designing, in order to easy to process, adopts blade (or rather, wiper edges) the center angle of decile usually; And as described above, the present invention is directed to the processing with discontinuous hole, select the wiper edges center angle of not decile, and the angle of each center angle is set meticulously, to realize entering discontinuous part (gap when a certain cutter tooth, non-processing metallic member in other words) time (in the case, the cutting force of this tooth reduces to zero suddenly), alleviate reamer disequilibrium and occur vibrate degree, and all the other cutters tooth can be made can be made up afterwards the impact that hole wall causes in this process, thus effectively avoid occurring that hole tilts or hole variation ellipse.
Reamer as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 is mainly designed for the hole processing, the hole wall that this hole comprises hole central axis and limits around this hole central axis, this hole wall is formed with the discontinuous part of not processed hole wall and entity part, and the discontinuous part of described hole wall limits the central angle (such as seeing the central angle A1 of the discontinuous part of the hole wall of Fig. 5 a and c) of the discontinuous part of hole wall about this hole central axis.This some holes can be substantially rounded, but has part not need the shape of processing, and namely this hole has is the face of cylinder having given radius at least partly, but remainder is the hole wall discontinuous part more recessed compared to the face of cylinder of this given radius.Although be illustrating of carrying out for a discontinuous part of hole wall in Fig. 5 a-d, can expect that the present invention is also applicable to the discontinuous part of multiple hole wall.
Fig. 3 schematically shows according to a reamer of the present invention, comprises four dentation base portions T1, T2, T3, T4 it being correspondingly provided with a slice PCD blade and and then defines four blade center angle W1, W2, W3, W4.In setting according to the present invention, defining blade center's angle is the design of non-decile, and the difference of preferably maximum center angle and minimum center angle is greater than the central angle equaling the discontinuous part of hole wall, it is further preferred that the absolute value of the difference of any two blade center's angles is greater than the central angle of the discontinuous part of hole wall in these blade center's angles.By such setting, when there being cutter tooth to enter the discontinuous part of hole wall, all the other cutter tooth feed parts can be made up well.
Refer now to Fig. 5 a-d to contrast illustrate when the discontinuous part of the hole wall of hole wall and the reamer number of teeth given, when there being a slice blade to be arranged in the discontinuous part of hole wall, the feed part of all the other blades of prior art reamer and reamer of the present invention.In Fig. 5 a-d, have selected cutter tooth is 3, i.e. T1, T2, T3, and correspondingly defines three blade center angle W1, W2, W3, in the prior art reamer of Fig. 5 a, and W1=W2=W3=120 °.And in Fig. 5 a-d, the discontinuous part of regulation hole wall is relative to the central angle A1=15 ° of the discontinuous part of the hole wall of hole central axis.In this article, what formed when all blades of regulation reamer are all positioned at entity part is the first feed part.As shown in Figure 5 b, when blade center's angle as the decile of Fig. 5 a defined, when arbitrary cutter tooth is in the discontinuous part of hole wall, the position that all the other two cutters tooth are correspondingly identical on hole wall repeatedly forms the second feed part B1, B1 ', B2 " and C1, C1 ', C1 ", and higher and vibratility is lower the first feed part of machining accuracy does not overlap completely with the second feed part, therefore the not only easy disequilibrium of reamer and vibrating, and have cutter tooth pass through hole wall discontinuous part time also fail to be made up on the impact (the second feed part) that all the other cutters tooth cause, therefore easily occur that hole tilts or hole variation ellipse.And the present invention as shown in Figure 5 c, the present invention sets W1=100 °, W2=140 ° and dentation base portion (and blade) arrangement of W3=120 °, thus when first, second, and third dentation base portion T1 passes through the discontinuous part of (counterclockwise) hole wall successively, all the other two blades the second feed part of correspondingly passing by is B2, C2; B2 ', C2 '; B2 "; C2 ", as fig 5d, these the second feed parts all do not overlap each other, therefore, can afterwards by the first feed part of all the other cutters tooth continue again to process this part with make up have cutter tooth pass through hole wall discontinuous part time impact that all the other cutters tooth are caused.
In a word, so should arrange according to blade center of the present invention angle thus the circumferential overlapping region between described multiple second feed part is minimized.Realize circumferential overlapping region more specifically like this to minimize, when described reamer is configured under the central angle of the discontinuous part of given hole wall is A1 and given number of blades is n situation, then when the discontinuous part of described hole wall passed through by arbitrary blade, all the other blades correspondingly define the second feed portion centers angle that summation is (n-1) A1; So at each blade all through the discontinuous part of described hole wall, then the central angle summation of formed all second feed parts is n (n-1) A1.Thus, can understand as n (n-1) A1≤360 °-A1, i.e. (n
2-n+1) A1≤360 ° time, the central angle (in other words circumferential size) of the second feed part summation is less than the central angle (circumferential size) of the entity part in hole, thus the present invention can make the second feed part of every sheet blade not overlapping each other by reasonably arranging each different blade center angle.And work as (n
2-n+1) A1 > 360 ° time, then (n
2-n+1) difference of A1-360 °, namely be the minimum angles (circumferential overlapping region central angle) that the second feed part has to overlap, thus the present invention can make the central angle sum of its second overlapping region approximate greatly above-mentioned difference by reasonably arranging each different blade center angle.Note: at this indication overlapping region central angle, if any the overlap of two or more second feed part, the overlapping region central angle of its reality should refer to B
always=(m-1) B, (m refers to the second overlapping feed fractional numbers, and B refers to the central angle that this overlapping region records by geometric meaning).
By above-mentioned setting of the present invention, in processing for discontinuous hole wall, because tooth does not stress in the dead slot be interrupted, the easy disequilibrium of reamer is vibrated, and has carried out the optimal design of the central angle W of tooth; And the impact uneven on surplus after upper brill (expansion) operation, carry out the optimal design of other parameter, to reduce radial load, reamer is made to have certain centering capacity, and effectively can make up the impact processed wall portion caused when there being cutter tooth to enter the discontinuous part of hole wall, thus ensure that polycrystalline diamond (PCD) reamer is to the crudy of hole wall discontinuous pores.Decrease defective products, improve product quality, reduce production cost, and improve production efficiency.
Although it should be pointed out that and show the preferred embodiments of the present invention and many details by these examples describing reamer of the present invention, applicant does not intend limit of the present invention in these details.Those skilled in the art after reading disclosure of the present invention, by be readily understood that the present invention other advantage and change that these technical schemes are made.Therefore, those skilled in the art can make combination, replace or change when the thought of the present invention do not departed from required by applicant and scope.Description of the present invention comprises these combinations by being interpreted as, replace or all novelties of changing and non-obvious, based on the scheme of inventive concept, thus these schemes can be presented in the claim of the application.Thus, scope of the present invention is not determine with reference to above-mentioned explanation, and should be that all equivalency range had with reference to appending claims and these claims are determined.