CN103119294B - 用于能量转换的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于能量转换的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103119294B CN103119294B CN201180044911.9A CN201180044911A CN103119294B CN 103119294 B CN103119294 B CN 103119294B CN 201180044911 A CN201180044911 A CN 201180044911A CN 103119294 B CN103119294 B CN 103119294B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- pressure
- substance
- mechanical energy
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/002—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using the energy of vibration of fluid columns
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
- B01D51/06—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour
- B01D51/08—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour by sound or ultrasonics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
- F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
- F02G2243/50—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes
- F02G2243/52—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes acoustic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
- F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
- F02G2243/50—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes
- F02G2243/54—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes thermo-acoustic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1413—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by performance, geometry or theory
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710164679.1A CN106884765B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36539010P | 2010-07-19 | 2010-07-19 | |
| US61/365,390 | 2010-07-19 | ||
| PCT/IL2011/000569 WO2012011096A2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | System and method for energy conversion |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710164679.1A Division CN106884765B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103119294A CN103119294A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
| CN103119294B true CN103119294B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
Family
ID=44645763
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180044911.9A Active CN103119294B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
| CN201710164679.1A Active CN106884765B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710164679.1A Active CN106884765B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9562522B2 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN103119294B (enExample) |
| IL (3) | IL224287A (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN2013MN00158A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2012011096A2 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110778471A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-11 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种热声驱动的基于热释电效应的发电系统及方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103119294B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2017-04-12 | 工业研究与发展基金会有限公司 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
| JP6373696B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-08-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 熱・音波変換部品および熱・音波変換ユニット |
| JP6495098B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-21 | 2019-04-03 | 中央精機株式会社 | 熱音響発電システム |
| US10116258B2 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-10-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Temperature-staged thermal energy storage enabling low thermal exergy loss reflux boiling in full spectrum solar energy systems |
| CN106549604B (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-10-30 | 陈曦 | 基于热声效应和驻极体声电换能器的废热发电装置及方法 |
| US10573291B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2020-02-25 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Acoustic metamaterial |
| RU2692615C1 (ru) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-06-25 | Сергей Геннадьевич Баякин | Термоэлектротрансформатор |
| US12365601B2 (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2025-07-22 | Khalifa University of Science and Technology | Integrated thermoacoustic freeze desalination systems and processes |
| CN114003977B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-03 | 河北工业大学 | 一种人工湿地-微生物燃料电池系统电极构型优化方法 |
| US20230151759A1 (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-05-18 | Earth Observant Inc. | Satellite having actively cooled electric thruster |
| CN116639746B (zh) * | 2022-02-16 | 2025-09-16 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 基于湿式热声效应的低温蒸馏水制备装置 |
| US20250382947A1 (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2025-12-18 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited | A thermoacoustic engine driven by irradiation of an absorbing media or oscillating heating |
| WO2024081374A1 (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-18 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Inverted barocaloric effects |
| WO2025014870A2 (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-16 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Manipulation of gaseous ion beams with acoustic fields |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4489553A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1984-12-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Intrinsically irreversible heat engine |
| CN85104889A (zh) * | 1985-06-21 | 1986-09-03 | 施国梁 | 两相可控交变热工装置 |
| CN1055982A (zh) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-11-06 | 蒂莫西·S·鲁卡斯 | 驻波压缩机 |
| US6804967B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-10-19 | University Of Utah | High frequency thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| US20040231341A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-11-25 | Barton L. Smith, Ph. D. To Utha State University | Thermoacoustic cooling device |
Family Cites Families (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2836033A (en) * | 1953-07-15 | 1958-05-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Heat-controlled acoustic wave system |
| US2952153A (en) * | 1955-12-12 | 1960-09-13 | Cons Electrodynamics Corp | Acoustical apparatus for gas detection |
| US3169508A (en) * | 1963-01-16 | 1965-02-16 | Northern Ind Inc | Elastic wave generator |
| US4114380A (en) * | 1977-03-03 | 1978-09-19 | Peter Hutson Ceperley | Traveling wave heat engine |
| US4280823A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-07-28 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for sonic separation and analysis of components of a fluid mixture |
| US4355517A (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1982-10-26 | Ceperley Peter H | Resonant travelling wave heat engine |
| US4398398A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-08-16 | Wheatley John C | Acoustical heat pumping engine |
| US4475921A (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 1984-10-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Acoustic agglomeration methods and apparatus |
| US4523682A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1985-06-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Acoustic particle separation |
| US4722201A (en) | 1986-02-13 | 1988-02-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Acoustic cooling engine |
| US4759775A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1988-07-26 | Utah Bioresearch, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for moving and separating materials exhibiting different physical properties |
| US5020977A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1991-06-04 | Lucas Timothy S | Standing wave compressor |
| US5263341A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1993-11-23 | Sonic Compressor Systems, Inc. | Compression-evaporation method using standing acoustic wave |
| US5085783A (en) * | 1990-08-16 | 1992-02-04 | Case Western Reserve University | Acoustically driven particle separation method and apparatus |
| GB9115140D0 (en) * | 1991-07-13 | 1991-08-28 | Boc Group Plc | Improvements in refrigerators |
| US5303555A (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1994-04-19 | International Business Machines Corp. | Electronics package with improved thermal management by thermoacoustic heat pumping |
| AU684284B2 (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1997-12-11 | Sonosep Biotech, Inc. | Multilayered piezoelectric resonator for the separation of suspended particles |
| US5626767A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1997-05-06 | Sonosep Biotech Inc. | Acoustic filter for separating and recycling suspended particles |
| US5647216A (en) | 1995-07-31 | 1997-07-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | High-power thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| US6221258B1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2001-04-24 | Case Western Reserve University | Method and apparatus for acoustically driven media filtration |
| US5673561A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| JP3649307B2 (ja) | 1996-10-09 | 2005-05-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 多気筒内燃機関の排気マニホールド |
| US5953921A (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1999-09-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Torsionally resonant toroidal thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| NL1007316C1 (nl) | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-21 | Aster Thermo Akoestische Syste | Thermo-akoestisch systeem. |
| US5857340A (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-01-12 | Garrett; Steven L. | Passive frequency stabilization in an acoustic resonator |
| US6164073A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2000-12-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for adapting steady flow with cyclic thermodynamics |
| GB2339703B (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2002-05-01 | Univ Cardiff | Particle manipulation device |
| US6032464A (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-03-07 | Regents Of The University Of California | Traveling-wave device with mass flux suppression |
| US6688112B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2004-02-10 | University Of Mississippi | Thermoacoustic refrigeration device and method |
| US6733569B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-05-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for separating mixtures of gases using an acoustic wave |
| JP2005345023A (ja) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 熱音響エンジン |
| JP4652822B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-07 | 2011-03-16 | 学校法人同志社 | 熱音響装置 |
| AU2007240126B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2012-03-01 | Noel Geoffrey Barton | A heat engine/heat pump |
| US8443599B2 (en) * | 2006-09-02 | 2013-05-21 | The Doshisha | Thermoacoustic apparatus |
| US8075786B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2011-12-13 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Acoustic/pressure wave-driven separation device |
| US20080223042A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Wiesner Stephen J | Device and method for a fiber evaporation engine |
| US8199938B2 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2012-06-12 | Beijing Funate Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. | Method of causing the thermoacoustic effect |
| US8231707B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2012-07-31 | Los Alamos National Security, Llc | Gas separation using ultrasound and light absorption |
| US8325947B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2012-12-04 | Bejing FUNATE Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. | Thermoacoustic device |
| US8227928B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2012-07-24 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Thermo-electro-acoustic engine and method of using same |
| JP5548513B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱音響機関 |
| CN103119294B (zh) | 2010-07-19 | 2017-04-12 | 工业研究与发展基金会有限公司 | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-07-19 CN CN201180044911.9A patent/CN103119294B/zh active Active
- 2011-07-19 US US13/810,469 patent/US9562522B2/en active Active
- 2011-07-19 WO PCT/IL2011/000569 patent/WO2012011096A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-19 IN IN158MUN2013 patent/IN2013MN00158A/en unknown
- 2011-07-19 CN CN201710164679.1A patent/CN106884765B/zh active Active
-
2013
- 2013-01-17 IL IL224287A patent/IL224287A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-09-04 IL IL247608A patent/IL247608A0/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-01-25 US US15/414,789 patent/US10683852B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-16 IL IL263732A patent/IL263732A/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4489553A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1984-12-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Intrinsically irreversible heat engine |
| CN85104889A (zh) * | 1985-06-21 | 1986-09-03 | 施国梁 | 两相可控交变热工装置 |
| CN1055982A (zh) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-11-06 | 蒂莫西·S·鲁卡斯 | 驻波压缩机 |
| US6804967B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-10-19 | University Of Utah | High frequency thermoacoustic refrigerator |
| US20040231341A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-11-25 | Barton L. Smith, Ph. D. To Utha State University | Thermoacoustic cooling device |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110778471A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-11 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种热声驱动的基于热释电效应的发电系统及方法 |
| CN110778471B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种热声驱动的基于热释电效应的发电系统及方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL247608A0 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| US20170130702A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| IN2013MN00158A (enExample) | 2015-05-29 |
| US20130111894A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
| US9562522B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
| WO2012011096A3 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| CN106884765B (zh) | 2019-09-06 |
| CN106884765A (zh) | 2017-06-23 |
| US10683852B2 (en) | 2020-06-16 |
| IL224287A (en) | 2016-09-29 |
| CN103119294A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
| WO2012011096A2 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| IL263732A (en) | 2019-01-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103119294B (zh) | 用于能量转换的系统和方法 | |
| Tatlıer et al. | A novel approach to enhance heat and mass transfer in adsorption heat pumps using the zeolite–water pair | |
| Ettouney | Design and analysis of humidification dehumidification desalination process | |
| Vasiliev et al. | Resorption heat pump | |
| Ülkü | Adsorption heat pumps | |
| CN101203719A (zh) | 热泵 | |
| JP2006529022A (ja) | 熱吸収用熱力学的装置および方法 | |
| CN112169537A (zh) | 一种快速变温吸附转轮式直接空气二氧化碳捕集系统及方法 | |
| US9855595B2 (en) | Solid sorption refrigeration | |
| Al-Ansari et al. | Water–zeolite adsorption heat pump combined with single effect evaporation desalination process | |
| Ülkü et al. | Adsorption in energy storage | |
| JP6574745B2 (ja) | エネルギー変換装置 | |
| CN105992920A (zh) | 能量存储装置 | |
| Anupam et al. | Experimental study on activated carbon–nitrogen pair in a prototype pressure swing adsorption refrigeration system | |
| Raheem et al. | Theoretical and numerical studies on effect of silica gel bed thickness for atmospheric water harvesting application | |
| US20230142896A1 (en) | Boiling assisted channel templating for adsorbent coating fabrication | |
| Vardi-Chouchana et al. | Acoustically Driven Sorption Heat Pump | |
| Ülkü | Solar adsorption heat pumps | |
| El-Sharkawy et al. | Characterization of adsorbent/refrigerant pairs for developing high performance adsorption cooling systems | |
| Sharma et al. | Zeolite-Water Adsorption Refrigeration System | |
| Szelągowski et al. | Performance comparison of a silica gel-water and activated carbon-methanol two beds adsorption chillers | |
| Kumar et al. | A Review and Development of Solar Thermal Adsorption Refrigeration Technology | |
| Biswas | Numerical Modeling And Performance Analysis of A Solar Energy Based Single Bed Adsorption Refrigeration System | |
| JP2025089293A (ja) | 熱音響装置 | |
| Khan et al. | Enhancing Atmospheric Water Harvesting: A Comparative Study of Water Vapor Adsorption on Material Institute Lavoisier-101 (Cr), Metal-Organic Framework-801 and Regular Density-Silica Gel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |