CN103117552A - Hybrid energy storage system based on ordered energy control - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含多种储能载体的混合储能系统，该系统主要基于能量有序控制策略，通过脉宽调制的闭环控制原理及监控系统选择性控制原理，实现对各储能载体有选择性限流或限功率放电，同时结合各储能载体优缺点，优势互补、扬长避短，按放电优先级第三储能子系统→第二储能子系统→第一储能子系统的顺序，最终达到不同储能载体能量有序利用的目的。实现本混合储能系统为因风、光发电系统或大功率负载等接入电网而造成的电网功率波动，实现平滑补偿，从而提高电能质量，保证电网稳定运行。
The invention relates to a hybrid energy storage system containing multiple energy storage carriers. The system is mainly based on an energy orderly control strategy, and realizes effective control of each energy storage carrier through the closed-loop control principle of pulse width modulation and the selective control principle of the monitoring system. Selective current-limiting or power-limiting discharge, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of each energy storage carrier, complement each other, maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, according to the order of discharge priority: the third energy storage subsystem → the second energy storage subsystem → the first energy storage subsystem, Finally, the purpose of orderly energy utilization of different energy storage carriers is achieved. The realization of this hybrid energy storage system is to realize smooth compensation for grid power fluctuations caused by wind, photovoltaic power generation systems or high-power loads connected to the grid, thereby improving power quality and ensuring stable operation of the grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电力系统储能系统及方法，尤其涉及一种基于能量有序控制的混合储能系统。The invention relates to a power system energy storage system and method, in particular to a hybrid energy storage system based on energy orderly control.
背景技术Background technique
随着国家对智能电网、微网、再生新能源以及电动汽车发展等不断推动，作为其关键技术支撑的储能技术也取得了快速发展。目前常见储能形式可分为四类：电化学储能、物理储能、电磁储能和相变储能。其中，物理储能、电磁储能及相变储能等储能方式因受技术水平、地理环境、运行条件、前期投资费用等方面的限制暂无法实现大规模开发应用。然而，随着电化学技术不断突破，拥有着高效能量储存能力、良好耐环境运行能力、优异运行维护便捷性及前期投资成本相对较低的电化学储能，得到了突飞猛进的发展及广泛的示范应用。As the country continues to promote the development of smart grids, micro-grids, renewable energy and electric vehicles, energy storage technology, which is its key technical support, has also achieved rapid development. At present, the common forms of energy storage can be divided into four categories: electrochemical energy storage, physical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage and phase change energy storage. Among them, energy storage methods such as physical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, and phase change energy storage cannot be developed and applied on a large scale due to limitations in technical level, geographical environment, operating conditions, and initial investment costs. However, with the continuous breakthrough of electrochemical technology, electrochemical energy storage with high-efficiency energy storage capacity, good environmental resistance, excellent operation and maintenance convenience, and relatively low initial investment cost has been developed by leaps and bounds and widely demonstrated. application.
在现有的电化学储能示范应用中，通常以铅酸电池储能系统、锂离子电池储能系统及超级电容电池储能系统等最为广泛。其中，以铅酸电池作为储能载体的储能系统，具有技术成熟、储能容量高、耐环境好、低成本、回收再利用率高等优点，但其重量能量比、体积能量比较低，循环次数较少，并且在大量制造或回收再利用过程中易造成一定污染。以锂离子电池作为储能载体的储能系统，具有高效率、高比能量、放电电压稳定、自放电效率低、无记忆效应及无污染等优点，但由于锂离子电池原材料成本较高，制作工艺复杂，致使其价格昂贵，另外，锂离子电池对充放电控制及运行环境等方面要求严格，尚不能实现大规模应用。以超级电容电池作为储能载体的储能系统，具有可达上万次超长循环寿命、大电流充放电能力强、能量转换效率高、超低温运行特性好等特点，在电力系统中多用于短时间、大功率的负载平滑和电能质量分支功率场合，但其放电时间较短、比能量较低，无法满足对电网进行持续供电的要求。Among the existing demonstration applications of electrochemical energy storage, lead-acid battery energy storage systems, lithium-ion battery energy storage systems and supercapacitor battery energy storage systems are the most widely used. Among them, the energy storage system using lead-acid batteries as the energy storage carrier has the advantages of mature technology, high energy storage capacity, good environmental resistance, low cost, and high recycling rate, but its weight-to-energy ratio and volumetric energy ratio are low. The frequency is less, and it is easy to cause certain pollution in the process of mass production or recycling. The energy storage system using lithium-ion batteries as energy storage carriers has the advantages of high efficiency, high specific energy, stable discharge voltage, low self-discharge efficiency, no memory effect, and no pollution. However, due to the high cost of raw materials for lithium-ion batteries, manufacturing The process is complicated, which makes it expensive. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have strict requirements on charge and discharge control and operating environment, and large-scale applications cannot yet be realized. The energy storage system using supercapacitor batteries as the energy storage carrier has the characteristics of ultra-long cycle life of up to tens of thousands of times, strong charging and discharging capacity at large currents, high energy conversion efficiency, and good ultra-low temperature operating characteristics. It is mostly used in power systems for short-term Time, high-power load smoothing and power quality branch power occasions, but its discharge time is short and the specific energy is low, which cannot meet the requirements for continuous power supply to the grid.
随着能源的枯竭及低碳生活的提出，可再生新能源得到了快速发展及大规模应用，因光伏、风力等发电系统具有较强的随机性、波动性，从而较大程度上影响了电网电能质量；另外，为了满足国民经济的快速稳定发展，高功率、大容量的负荷也到了大量应用，在一定程度上对电网电能质量也造成了一定影响，这就需要配置储能系统提供高脉充功率以平滑光伏发电、风力发电输出功率及高功率负载应用所造成的电网波动尖峰，有效调节新能源发电及高功率设备用电引起的电网电压、频率计相位变化，同样也需要储能系统具有高容量电能存储与释放能力，从而能够持续为电网供电以保证关键负荷的正常运行。然而，从目前现有储能技术实际应用来看，铅酸电池、锂离子电池或超级电容作为单一的储能系统应用，如图1所示。铅酸电池储能系统质量能量比、体积能量比较低且循环次数较少，并且在大量制造或回收再利用过程中易造成一定污染；锂离子电池储能系统因采用原材料成本较高，制作工艺复杂，致使其价格昂贵，另外，锂离子电池对充放电控制及运行环境等方面要求严格，并且在过充、过放或过温情况下已发生爆炸，存在安全隐患；超级电容电池储能系统其放电时间较短、比能量较低，无法满足对电网进行持续供电的要求。因此，若要更好满足电网对储能系统高容量、长寿命、高能量存储于释放、脉充峰值平滑及较低前期投资成本等的要求，需要储能系统既具备高比功率、高循环寿命等特点，同时又能够有效降低储能系统投资成本、占地面积、自身重量等，而应用单一储能载体的储能系统均不能满足上述要求。With the depletion of energy and the proposal of low-carbon life, renewable new energy has been developed rapidly and applied on a large scale. Due to the strong randomness and volatility of photovoltaic, wind power and other power generation systems, it has greatly affected the power grid. Power quality; in addition, in order to meet the rapid and stable development of the national economy, high-power and large-capacity loads have also been used in large numbers, which has also had a certain impact on the power quality of the grid to a certain extent, which requires the configuration of energy storage systems to provide high-pulse The charging power is used to smooth the grid fluctuation peaks caused by photovoltaic power generation, wind power output power and high-power load applications, and to effectively adjust the grid voltage and frequency meter phase changes caused by new energy power generation and high-power equipment power consumption. Energy storage systems are also required With high-capacity electric energy storage and release capabilities, it can continuously supply power to the grid to ensure the normal operation of key loads. However, judging from the actual application of current energy storage technologies, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors are used as a single energy storage system, as shown in Figure 1. Lead-acid battery energy storage system has low mass-to-energy ratio and volumetric energy ratio and fewer cycles, and it is easy to cause certain pollution in the process of mass production or recycling; lithium-ion battery energy storage system has high raw material cost and production process Complexity makes it expensive. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have strict requirements on charge and discharge control and operating environment, and have exploded in the case of overcharge, overdischarge or overtemperature, posing safety hazards; supercapacitor battery energy storage systems Its discharge time is short and its specific energy is low, which cannot meet the requirements of continuous power supply to the grid. Therefore, in order to better meet the grid's requirements for energy storage systems with high capacity, long life, high energy storage and release, smooth pulse charging peaks, and low initial investment costs, it is necessary for the energy storage system to have high specific power and high cycle time. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the investment cost, floor area, and self-weight of the energy storage system, while the energy storage system using a single energy storage carrier cannot meet the above requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为解决上述问题，提供一种基于能量有序控制的混合储能系统，它通过综合利用铅酸电池耐环境好、成本低及可回收利用等，锂离子电池高效率、高比能量、放电电压稳定、循环使用寿命较高等以及超级电容高比功率、高循环寿命等优点实现优势互补，扬长避短。通过后台监控系统采用选择性控制法，实现当电网出现尖峰功率偏差值或其他异常情况时，结合不同储能载体使用寿命超级电容电池组＞锂离子电池组＞铅酸电池组的特性，按超级电容电池组→锂离子电池组→铅酸电池组能量有序控制利用，从而有效地减少可再生能源对电力系统的充击，实现对电网削峰填谷调节，减少电网峰值，提高电网质量，充分保证整个电网系统运行的安全性、稳定性及可靠性。The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a hybrid energy storage system based on energy orderly control, which has good environmental resistance, low cost and recyclability through the comprehensive utilization of lead-acid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries have high efficiency and high The advantages of specific energy, stable discharge voltage, and high cycle life, as well as the high specific power and high cycle life of supercapacitors, realize complementary advantages and maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses. The background monitoring system adopts the selective control method to realize when the power grid has a peak power deviation value or other abnormal conditions, combined with the characteristics of different energy storage carriers, supercapacitor battery packs > lithium-ion battery packs > lead-acid battery packs, according to the super Capacitor battery group→lithium-ion battery group→lead-acid battery group energy is controlled and utilized in an orderly manner, so as to effectively reduce the impact of renewable energy on the power system, realize peak-shaving and valley-filling regulation of the power grid, reduce power grid peaks, and improve power grid quality. Fully guarantee the safety, stability and reliability of the entire grid system operation.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于能量有序控制的混合储能系统，它包括三个储能子系统：A hybrid energy storage system based on energy orderly control, which includes three energy storage subsystems:
第一储能子系统包括铅酸电池组、第一从控模块BMU、第一主控模块BMS及第一双向变流控制器ACDC，铅酸电池组分别与第一双向变流控制器ACDC和第一从控模块BMU连接，第一从控模块BMU与第一主控模块BMS连接，第一主控模块BMS与后台监控系统连接；The first energy storage subsystem includes a lead-acid battery pack, a first slave control module BMU, a first main control module BMS, and a first bidirectional converter controller ACDC. The lead-acid battery pack is connected to the first bidirectional converter controller ACDC and The first slave control module BMU is connected, the first slave control module BMU is connected with the first master control module BMS, and the first master control module BMS is connected with the background monitoring system;
第二储能子系统包括锂电池组、第二从控模块BMU、第二主控模块BMS及第二双向变流控制器ACDC，锂电池组分别与第二双向变流控制器ACDC和第二从控模块BMU连接，第二从控模块BMU与第二主控模块BMS连接，第二主控模块BMS与后台监控系统连接；The second energy storage subsystem includes a lithium battery pack, a second slave control module BMU, a second main control module BMS, and a second bidirectional converter controller ACDC. The slave control module BMU is connected, the second slave control module BMU is connected with the second master control module BMS, and the second master control module BMS is connected with the background monitoring system;
第三储能子系统包括超级电容电池组、第三从控模块CMU、第三主控模块CMS及第三双向变流控制器ACDC，超级电容电池组分别与第三双向变流控制器ACDC和第三从控模块CMU连接，第三从控模块CMU与第三主控模块CMS连接，第三主控模块CMS与后台监控系统连接；The third energy storage subsystem includes a supercapacitor battery pack, a third slave control module CMU, a third main control module CMS, and a third bidirectional converter controller ACDC. The supercapacitor battery pack is connected to the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC and The third slave control module CMU is connected, the third slave control module CMU is connected with the third main control module CMS, and the third main control module CMS is connected with the background monitoring system;
各从控模块分别负责铅酸电池组、锂离子电池组、超级电容电池组的电压、电流、温度监控及报警保护、电量均衡，同时将所检测信息分别通过CAN总线上报各自的主控模块；各主控模块接受上报的电压、温度、电流信息，并记录充放电次数，同时估算铅酸电池组、锂电池组及超级电容电池组剩余电量SOC，评估其各自健康状况SOH；另外与后台监控系统通信，完成上传铅酸电池组、锂电池组及超级电容电池组异常告警、常量数据及时间日志数据，并将后台监控系统下发的操作指令分别下传到各主控模块；各主控模块分别与各自的双向变流控制器ACDC通信，完成上传铅酸电池组、锂电池组及超级电容电池组异常告警，当铅酸电池组或锂离子电池组或超级电容电池组发生过压、欠压、过流及过温情况时，请求相应的双向变流控制器ACDC实现充放电功率控制，并且分别将各双向变流控制器ACDC下发的操作指令下传到相应主控模块。Each slave control module is responsible for the voltage, current, temperature monitoring, alarm protection, and power balance of lead-acid battery packs, lithium-ion battery packs, and supercapacitor battery packs, and reports the detected information to their respective master control modules through the CAN bus; Each main control module receives the reported voltage, temperature, and current information, and records the number of charges and discharges, and at the same time estimates the SOC of the remaining power of the lead-acid battery pack, lithium battery pack, and supercapacitor battery pack, and evaluates their respective health status SOH; System communication, complete the upload of abnormal alarms, constant data and time log data of lead-acid battery packs, lithium battery packs and supercapacitor battery packs, and download the operation instructions issued by the background monitoring system to each main control module; The modules communicate with their respective two-way converter controllers ACDC to complete the upload of abnormal alarms for lead-acid battery packs, lithium battery packs, and super capacitor battery packs. When the lead-acid battery pack, lithium-ion battery pack, or In the case of undervoltage, overcurrent and overtemperature, the corresponding bidirectional converter controller ACDC is requested to realize charge and discharge power control, and the operation instructions issued by each bidirectional converter controller ACDC are respectively transmitted to the corresponding main control module.
在并网运行且电网运行正常时，各主控模块和从控模块通过对各电池组电压、温度、电流的检测，评估三个储能子系统剩余电量SOC，并将数据上传到双向变流控制器部分，双向变流控制器通过判断，如需充电，则对各电池组进行充电；如不需充电，责按浮充电压充电；When grid-connected operation and grid operation are normal, each main control module and slave control module evaluate the remaining power SOC of the three energy storage subsystems by detecting the voltage, temperature and current of each battery pack, and upload the data to the bidirectional converter In the controller part, the two-way converter controller judges that if charging is required, it will charge each battery pack; if charging is not required, it will charge according to the floating charge voltage;
当电网因可再生新能源发电或负荷用电初始t0时刻出现瞬时功率超出目标功率范围时，通过对不同储能子系统SOC检测评估及控制，判断并按超级电容电池组→锂离子电池组→铅酸电池组能量有序控制利用原则，决定对电网是否进行放电，以有效平滑电网出现超出目标功率范围值，实现“削峰填谷”。When the instantaneous power of the power grid exceeds the target power range at the initial time t 0 due to renewable new energy generation or load power consumption, through the detection, evaluation and control of the SOC of different energy storage subsystems, it is judged and determined according to the supercapacitor battery pack→lithium-ion battery pack →The principle of orderly control and utilization of lead-acid battery energy determines whether to discharge the power grid, so as to effectively smooth the value of the power grid that exceeds the target power range, and realize "peak shaving and valley filling".
在离网运行时，首先通过各主控模块和从控模块检测不同电池组剩余电量SOC并上报各双向变流控制器及后台监控系统，由后台监控系统控制各双向变流控制器，根据不同电池组荷电状态SOC，判断并按按超级电容电池组→锂离子电池组→铅酸电池组能量有序控制利用原则实现对电网负荷是否进行供电；同时，当超级电容电池组在放电且已被第三主控模块CMS、第三双向变流控制器ACDC保护后，依次由第二储能子系统、第一储能子系统给第三子系统充电，此时，第三双向变流控制器ACDC控制第三子系统输出功率，其后主要依次由第二储能子系统、第一储能子系统给电网负荷供电。When running off-grid, first detect the SOC of the remaining power of different battery packs through each main control module and slave control module, and report to each bidirectional converter controller and background monitoring system, and the background monitoring system controls each bidirectional converter controller. The state of charge of the battery pack, SOC, judges and follows the principle of energy orderly control and utilization of the supercapacitor battery pack→lithium-ion battery pack→lead-acid battery pack to realize whether to supply power to the grid load; at the same time, when the super capacitor battery pack is discharging and has After being protected by the third main control module CMS and the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC, the third subsystem is charged by the second energy storage subsystem and the first energy storage subsystem in turn. At this time, the third bidirectional converter controller The ACDC controls the output power of the third subsystem, and then the second energy storage subsystem and the first energy storage subsystem supply power to the grid load in turn.
出现瞬时功率超出目标功率范围时，具体的充放电过程为：先判断各电池组SOC是否达到设定值，如未达到，则各双向变流控制其对各电池组进行保护，并禁止放电；如果达到，则在t0时刻，第二双向变流控制器ACDC、第一双向变流控制器ACDC分别对锂电池组、铅酸电池组限功率，由第三双向变流控制器ACDC控制超级电容电池组放电；随后判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则第三储能子系统停止放电；如未恢复，则超级电容电池组继续放电，在ti时刻超级电容电池组放电至其告警电压Uc告警时，第二双向变流控制器释放锂电池组输出功率限制，由锂电池组放电；再判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则锂电池组停止放电；如未恢复，则继续放电到ti+1时刻，此时超级电容电池组放电到其保护电压值Uc保护停止放电，锂离子电池继续放电；到ti+2时刻锂电池组放电到告警电压UL告警，第一双向变流控制器ACDC释放铅酸电池组输出功率限制，由铅酸电池组开始放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则第一储能子系统停止放电；如未恢复，则在ti+3时刻，锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保 护停止放电，铅酸电池组继续放电；到ti+4时刻锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保护停止放电，整个混合储能系统放电结束。When the instantaneous power exceeds the target power range, the specific charging and discharging process is as follows: first judge whether the SOC of each battery pack reaches the set value, if not, then each bidirectional inverter controls it to protect each battery pack and prohibits discharge; If it is reached, then at time t0 , the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC and the first bidirectional converter controller ACDC respectively limit the power of the lithium battery pack and the lead-acid battery pack, and the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC controls the super Discharge the capacitor battery pack; then judge whether the abnormal power is recovered, if recovered, the third energy storage subsystem stops discharging; if not recovered, the super capacitor battery pack continues to discharge, and the super capacitor battery pack discharges to its alarm voltage at time t i When U c alarms , the second bidirectional converter controller releases the output power limit of the lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack discharges; then judges whether the abnormal power recovers, and if it recovers, the lithium battery pack stops discharging; if it does not recover, the lithium battery pack continues to discharge At time t i+1 , the supercapacitor battery pack discharges to its protection voltage value U c to protect and stop discharging, and the lithium-ion battery continues to discharge; at time t i+2, the lithium battery pack discharges to the alarm voltage U L to give an alarm , and the first The two-way converter controller ACDC releases the output power limit of the lead-acid battery pack, and the lead-acid battery pack starts to discharge; judge again whether the abnormal power has recovered, and if it recovers, the first energy storage subsystem stops discharging; At time i+3 , the lithium battery pack is discharged to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the lead-acid battery pack continues to discharge; at time t i+4, the lithium battery pack is discharged to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the entire hybrid storage The energy system is discharged.
在离网时，初始T0时刻计算各电池组SOC值，如果未达到设定值则各双向变流控制器对相应的电池组进行保护并禁止放电；如果达到设定值，则第二、第三储能子系统对锂电池组、铅酸电池组进行输出功率限制，由第三双向变流控制器ACDC控制超级电容电池组进行放电；判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未恢复，则继续放电，在Ti时刻，超级电容电池组放电到告警电压UC告警，第二双向变流控制器ACDC释放锂电池组输出功率限制，由锂电池组放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未恢复，在Ti+1时刻超级电容电池放电到保护电压值Uc保护停止放电，锂电池组继续放电；在Ti+2时刻锂电池组放电到告警电压UL告警，第一双向变流控制器释放铅酸电池组输出功率限制，由铅酸电池组放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未回复，则在Ti+3时刻锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保护停止放电，铅酸电池继续放电；在Ti+4时刻铅酸电池放电至下限保护电压Uq 保护，停止放电，整个混合储能系统放电结束。When off-grid, calculate the SOC value of each battery pack at the initial T 0 time, if it does not reach the set value, each bidirectional converter controller will protect the corresponding battery pack and prohibit discharge; if it reaches the set value, the second, The third energy storage subsystem limits the output power of the lithium battery pack and the lead-acid battery pack, and the third two-way converter controller ACDC controls the supercapacitor battery pack to discharge; judge whether the abnormal power is restored, and if so, stop discharging; If it does not recover, continue to discharge. At T i time, the supercapacitor battery pack is discharged to the alarm voltage U C to alarm, and the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC releases the output power limit of the lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack is discharged; judge abnormality again Whether the power is restored, if restored, stop discharging; if not restored, the supercapacitor battery discharges to the protection voltage value U c at T i+1 to protect and stop discharging, and the lithium battery pack continues to discharge; at T i+2 time the lithium battery pack Discharge to the alarm voltage U L alarm , the first two-way converter controller releases the output power limit of the lead-acid battery pack, and the lead-acid battery pack is discharged; judge whether the abnormal power is restored again, if it is restored, stop discharging; if not, then At T i+3 , the lithium battery pack discharges to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the lead-acid battery continues to discharge; at T i+4 , the lead-acid battery discharges to the lower limit protection voltage U q protection , stops discharging, and the entire mixed storage The energy system is discharged.
基于能量有序控制的混合储能系统本身，包括其整体拓扑及电气结构、功能、控制策略等。同时，也基于该混合储能系统采用选择性控制法，通过后台监控系统调度控制，实现三种不同储能载体按超级电容1→锂离子电池2→铅酸电池3能量有序控制利用的原则，并充分结合不同储能载体优缺点，优势互补、扬长避短，提供了一种较好解决的单一储能载体的储能系统低寿命、高成本、低比能量、低比功率及安全性差等方面问题方法。The hybrid energy storage system itself based on energy orderly control, including its overall topology and electrical structure, function, control strategy, etc. At the same time, based on the selective control method adopted by the hybrid energy storage system, through the scheduling control of the background monitoring system, the principle of orderly control and utilization of the energy of three different energy storage carriers according to supercapacitor 1→lithium-ion battery 2→lead-acid battery 3 is realized. , and fully combine the advantages and disadvantages of different energy storage carriers, complement each other's advantages, maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, and provide a better solution to the low life, high cost, low specific energy, low specific power and poor safety of the energy storage system of a single energy storage carrier question method.
本发明的有益效果是：通过充分运用并发挥铅酸电池、锂离子电池及超级电容电池各自优点，扬长避短，采用选择性控制法按按超级电容1→锂离子电池2→铅酸电池3能量有序控制利用的原则，较好地满足了电网对储能系统在性能方面高容量、长寿命、高比能量、高比功率等要求，以及在应用方面投资成本低、占地面积小、自身重量轻等要求。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by fully utilizing and bringing into play the respective advantages of lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitor batteries, making use of their strengths and circumventing weaknesses, adopting a selective control method according to the energy of supercapacitor 1→lithium ion battery 2→lead-acid battery 3 The principle of sequence control utilization satisfies the requirements of the power grid for energy storage systems in terms of performance, such as high capacity, long life, high specific energy, and high specific power, as well as low investment cost, small footprint, and low weight in terms of application. Wait for the request.
本混合储能系统的不同储能子系统，在内部管理方面，不同储能载体分别由各自不同电池管理系统进行负责管理，充分保证整体系统数据采集、上传或下传及告警保护等的实时性、准确性，避免系统数据传输相互干扰而造成数据上传或下传、故障告警保护等错误或延时；在系统并网方面，不同储能载体分别连接一套双向变流控制器，同时采用双向变流控制器交流侧并联方法，通过监控系统统一调度控制，从而既实现不同储能子系统可独立运行，又实现了整套混合储能系统在能量有序控制下整体运行，最终提高本混合储能系统运行灵活性与可控性，保证整体系统安全、稳定、可靠运行。Different energy storage subsystems of this hybrid energy storage system, in terms of internal management, different energy storage carriers are managed by their respective battery management systems, fully ensuring the real-time performance of overall system data collection, uploading or downloading, and alarm protection , accuracy, to avoid system data transmission mutual interference caused by errors or delays in data upload or download, fault alarm protection, etc.; The parallel connection method of the AC side of the converter controller, through the unified scheduling control of the monitoring system, not only realizes the independent operation of different energy storage subsystems, but also realizes the overall operation of the entire hybrid energy storage system under energy orderly control, and finally improves the hybrid energy storage system. It can ensure the flexibility and controllability of the system operation and ensure the safe, stable and reliable operation of the overall system.
当电网的运行，通常会因风、光发电系统或大功率负载等接入而产生功率波动。但电网出现短时脉冲功率波动时，可通过监控调度系统优先启动第三储能子系统，同时第二双向变流控制器、第一双向变流控制器利用脉冲调制分别对第二储能子系统、第一储能子系统进行输出功率限制，充分结合第三储能子系统超级电容电池组较高脉冲功率吞吐及快速响应能力，以及充放电次数高等性能优势，更好地实现了第三子系统对电网短时脉冲功率波动的补偿。通过该控制方法，既达到了平滑电网短时脉冲峰值功率的目的，又减少了系统对第二储能子系统、第一储能子系统频繁启动，从而在保证电网稳定运行的基础上，较好提高了混合储能系统使用寿命。When the power grid is running, power fluctuations usually occur due to the access of wind, photovoltaic power generation systems or high-power loads. However, when there are short-term pulse power fluctuations in the power grid, the third energy storage subsystem can be preferentially activated through the monitoring and dispatching system. At the same time, the second bidirectional converter controller and the first bidirectional converter controller use pulse modulation to respectively system and the first energy storage subsystem to limit the output power, and fully combine the performance advantages of the third energy storage subsystem supercapacitor battery pack’s high pulse power throughput and fast response capability, as well as high charge and discharge times, to better realize the third The subsystem compensates for short-term pulse power fluctuations in the grid. This control method not only achieves the purpose of smoothing the short-term pulse peak power of the power grid, but also reduces the system's frequent start-up of the second energy storage subsystem and the first energy storage subsystem, so as to ensure the stable operation of the power grid. This improves the service life of the hybrid energy storage system.
当电网出现持续的功率波动或用电高峰等异常时，第三储能子系统所提供短时的高功率输出远远满足不了改善电网运行异常的要求，还需要具备高能量存储系统为电网持续功率波动或用电高峰时段提供更多能量。为了满足电网对混合储能系统持续能量供给的需要，当第三储能子系统放电至保护值时，通过监控系统启动第二储能子系统，由第二储能子系统锂离子电池组为电网供电，结合锂离子电池组高比能量、较铅酸电池组高寿命等优点，既弥补了超级电容电池组低存储能量的不足，同时也减少了较低使用寿命的铅酸电池组的使用次数，一定程度上改进了常规铅酸电池储能系统体积能量比、重量能量比较低的缺点，较好满足了安装场地对储能系统高体积能量比、高重量能量比的要求。最终既保证电网对储能系统较高能量输出的需求，也一定程度上提高了混合储能系统的整体使用寿命，并且较好满足了安装现场对储能系统安装体积、重量等的严格要求，充分节约和减少储能系统安装空间及安装所需承载重量，提高了储能系统工程实施质量。When there are abnormalities such as continuous power fluctuations or power consumption peaks in the grid, the short-term high power output provided by the third energy storage subsystem is far from meeting the requirements for improving the abnormal operation of the grid. Provides more energy during power fluctuations or peak hours of electricity usage. In order to meet the needs of the power grid for continuous energy supply of the hybrid energy storage system, when the third energy storage subsystem discharges to the protection value, the second energy storage subsystem is activated through the monitoring system, and the lithium-ion battery pack of the second energy storage subsystem Grid power supply, combined with the advantages of high specific energy of lithium-ion battery packs and longer life than lead-acid battery packs, not only makes up for the lack of low storage energy of supercapacitor battery packs, but also reduces the use of lead-acid battery packs with lower service life The number of times, to a certain extent, improves the shortcomings of the conventional lead-acid battery energy storage system's relatively low volume-to-energy ratio and weight-to-energy ratio, and better meets the requirements of the installation site for high volume-to-energy ratio and high weight-to-energy ratio of the energy storage system. In the end, it not only ensures the higher energy output demand of the energy storage system by the grid, but also improves the overall service life of the hybrid energy storage system to a certain extent, and better meets the strict requirements of the installation site for the installation volume and weight of the energy storage system. Fully save and reduce the installation space of the energy storage system and the load-bearing weight required for installation, and improve the implementation quality of the energy storage system project.
当电网需更多持续能量给予功率平滑且第二储能子系统所存储能量无法满足要求时，启动第一储能子系统，结合铅酸电池组高存储能量、低成本、可回收利用率高等优点，既能够较好满足混合储能系统高能量需求，又能较好弥补超级电容电池组、锂离子电池组高成本，回收利用率低等缺点，更好地改进了常规储能系统高成本、低容量、可回收利用率低等不足。When the power grid needs more continuous energy to smooth the power and the energy stored in the second energy storage subsystem cannot meet the requirements, start the first energy storage subsystem, combined with high energy storage, low cost, and high recyclability of lead-acid battery packs Advantages, not only can better meet the high energy demand of the hybrid energy storage system, but also can better make up for the high cost of supercapacitor battery packs, lithium-ion battery packs, and low recycling rates, and better improve the high cost of conventional energy storage systems. , low capacity, and low recyclability.
通过对混合储能系统中不同储能子系统有序控制，更好的改进了常规混合储能系统及常规单一储能载体的储能系统单一控制、灵活性及结构合理性差等缺点，较好地满足了电网对储能系统在性能方面高容量、长寿命、高比能量、高比功率等要求，以及在应用方面投资成本低、占地面积小、自身重量轻等要求。有效地解决了可再生新能源及高容量负荷对电力系统的充击，更好地实现了对电网削峰填谷调节，最终保证整个电网系统运行的安全性、稳定性及可靠性。Through the orderly control of different energy storage subsystems in the hybrid energy storage system, the shortcomings of conventional hybrid energy storage systems and conventional single energy storage carriers such as single control, poor flexibility and poor structural rationality are better improved. It satisfies the requirements of the power grid for energy storage systems such as high capacity, long life, high specific energy, and high specific power in terms of performance, as well as the requirements of low investment cost, small footprint, and light weight in terms of application. It effectively solves the impact of renewable new energy and high-capacity loads on the power system, better realizes the regulation of peak-shaving and valley-filling of the power grid, and ultimately ensures the safety, stability and reliability of the entire power grid system operation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统结构图；Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的控制策略图。Fig. 2 is a control strategy diagram of the present invention.
其中，1.铅酸电池组，2.锂电池组，3.超级电容电池组，4.第一主控模块BMS，5.第二主控模块BMS，6.第三主控模块CMS，7.第一从控模块BMU，8.第二从控模块BMU，9.第三从控模块CMU，10.第一双向变流控制器ACDC，11.第二双向变流控制器ACDC，12.第三双向变流控制器ACDC，13.后台监控系统，14.负荷。Among them, 1. Lead-acid battery pack, 2. Lithium battery pack, 3. Supercapacitor battery pack, 4. The first main control module BMS, 5. The second main control module BMS, 6. The third main control module CMS, 7 .The first slave control module BMU, 8. The second slave control module BMU, 9. The third slave control module CMU, 10. The first two-way converter controller ACDC, 11. The second two-way converter controller ACDC, 12. The third two-way converter controller ACDC, 13. background monitoring system, 14. load.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1中，储能载体部分：铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2及超级电容电池组3；其中，铅酸电池组1和锂电池组2作为能量型蓄电池，充分结合铅酸电池与锂离子电池优缺点，扬长避短，使其两种蓄电池能够在前期投资成本、容量存储、占地面积、使用寿命及回收再利用等方面达到优势互补。作为功率型超级电容电池组3具备可持续10s以上高脉充倍率放电优势，与能量型铅酸电池组1和锂电池组2在能量和倍率方面形成优势互补。In Fig. 1, the energy storage carrier part: lead-acid battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2 and supercapacitor battery pack 3; among them, lead-acid battery pack 1 and lithium battery pack 2 are used as energy storage batteries, fully combining lead-acid battery pack and lithium battery pack The advantages and disadvantages of ion batteries, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two batteries can complement each other in terms of initial investment cost, capacity storage, floor area, service life and recycling. As a power-type supercapacitor battery pack 3, it has the advantage of continuous high-pulse charge rate discharge of more than 10s, and forms complementary advantages with energy-type lead-acid battery pack 1 and lithium battery pack 2 in terms of energy and rate.
双向变流控制部分：采用单极设计方案，主要由第一双向变流控制器ACDC10、第二双向变流控制器ACDC11、第三双向变流控制器ACDC12等组合而成，各双向变流控制器ACDC模块均可可实现逆变（即DC→AC转换）和整流（即AC→DC转换）。其特点具备超宽MPPT电压范围，在第一双向变流控制器ACDC10、第二双向变流控制器ACDC11、第三双向变流控制器ACDC12分别与第一主控模块BMS4、第二主控模块BMS5、第三主控模块CMS6配合时，可以根据输出功率要求及不同储能载体电池组SOC自动均衡出力，保证统一储能载体内所有串电池的总运行时间趋于一致；具备“削峰填谷”、“有功、无功控制”、“低电压穿越”、“孤岛运行”及“故障记录”等功能，其中第一双向变流控制器ACDC10、第二双向变流控制器ACDC11还具备分别对铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2限流、限功率功能。具备显示相应电池管理系统上传不同储能载体的模拟量数据给后台监控系统13，以及接受并下达后台监控系统13指令。Two-way conversion control part: adopts unipolar design scheme, mainly composed of the first two-way conversion controller ACDC10, the second two-way conversion controller ACDC11, the third two-way conversion controller ACDC12, etc., each two-way conversion control All inverter ACDC modules can realize inverter (that is, DC→AC conversion) and rectification (that is, AC→DC conversion). It features an ultra-wide MPPT voltage range. The first bidirectional converter controller ACDC10, the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC11, and the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC12 are respectively connected with the first main control module BMS4 and the second main control module. When BMS5 and the third main control module CMS6 cooperate, they can automatically balance the output according to the output power requirements and the SOC of different energy storage carrier battery packs, so as to ensure that the total running time of all string batteries in the unified energy storage carrier tends to be consistent; valley”, “active and reactive power control”, “low voltage ride through”, “island operation” and “fault record”, among which the first two-way converter controller ACDC10 and the second two-way converter controller ACDC11 also have respective Current limiting and power limiting functions for lead-acid battery pack 1 and lithium battery pack 2. It is capable of displaying that the corresponding battery management system uploads the analog quantity data of different energy storage carriers to the background monitoring system 13, and accepts and issues instructions to the background monitoring system 13.
电池管理系统部分：主要由第一从控模块BMU7、第二从控模块BMU8、第三从控模块CMU9以及第一主控模块BMS4、第二主控模块BMS5、第三主控模块BMS6等组成。其中，各从控模块分别负责铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2、超级电容电池组3电压、电流、温度等监控及报警保护、电量均衡等功能，同时将所检测信息分别通过CAN总线上报各主控模块。各主控模块接受各从控模卡上报电压、温度、电流等信息，并记录充放电次数，同时估算铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2、超级电容电池组3剩余电量(SOC)，评估其各自健康状况(SOH)；另外与后台监控系统13通信，完成上传铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2、超级电容电池组3异常告警，常量数据及时间日志数据等，并将后台监控系统13下发的操作指令分别下传到各主控模块；其次与各双向变流控制器通信，完成上传铅酸电池组1、锂电池组2、超级电容电池组3异常告警，当铅酸电池组1或锂电池组2或超级电容电池组3发生过压、欠压、过流及过温等情况时，请求相应的双向变流控制器实现充放电功率控制，并且分别将第一双向变流控制器ACDC10、第二双向变流控制器ACDC11、第三双向变流控制器ACDC12下发的操作指令下传到相应主控模块。Battery management system part: mainly composed of the first slave control module BMU7, the second slave control module BMU8, the third slave control module CMU9, the first master control module BMS4, the second master control module BMS5, the third master control module BMS6, etc. . Among them, each slave control module is responsible for the monitoring of lead-acid battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2, and supercapacitor battery pack 3, such as voltage, current, temperature, alarm protection, and power balance. At the same time, the detected information is reported through the CAN bus. Each main control module. Each main control module receives information such as voltage, temperature, and current reported by each slave control module card, and records the number of charges and discharges, and at the same time estimates the remaining power (SOC) of lead-acid battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2, and supercapacitor battery pack 3, and evaluates Their respective state of health (SOH); communicate with background monitoring system 13 in addition, finish uploading lead-acid battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2, supercapacitor battery pack 3 abnormal alarm, constant data and time log data, etc., and background monitoring system The operation instructions issued by 13 are respectively downloaded to each main control module; secondly, it communicates with each bidirectional converter controller to complete the upload of abnormal alarms for lead-acid battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2, and supercapacitor battery pack 3. When the lead-acid battery pack When overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature occur in battery pack 1, lithium battery pack 2, or supercapacitor battery pack 3, the corresponding bidirectional converter controller is requested to realize charge and discharge power control, and the first bidirectional converter The operation instructions issued by the current controller ACDC10, the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC11, and the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC12 are transmitted to the corresponding main control modules.
后台监控部分：后台监控系统13通讯方式采用光纤以太网，具有遥测、遥控、遥信功能，对储能载体、电池管理系统、双向变流控制部分及其他配套设备等进行全面完善的监控，实时检测并可查看有关设备运行状态及工作参数等；并且通过后台监控系统13远程下达控制指令至电池管理系统及双向变流控制部分等。Background monitoring part: The background monitoring system 13 uses optical fiber Ethernet as the communication method, which has the functions of telemetry, remote control, and remote signaling. Detect and check the operating status and working parameters of relevant equipment; and remotely issue control commands to the battery management system and the bidirectional inverter control part through the background monitoring system 13 .
上述混合储能系统由三个储能子系统构成，第一储能子系统由铅酸电池组1、第一从控模块BMU7、第一主控模块BMS4及第一双向变流控制器ACDC10等组成；第二储能子系统由锂电池组2、第二从控模块BMU8、第二主控模块BMS5及第二双向变流控制器ACDC11等组成；第三储能子系统由超级电容电池组3、第三主控模块BMU9、第三从控模块BMS6及第三双向交流控制器ACDC12等组成。三个储能子系统分别通过第一双向交流控制器ACDC10、第二双向交流控制器ACDC11、第三双向交流控制器ACDC12在其交流侧并联，并通过后台监控系统13进行调度实现三个储能子系统既能独立运行，又可相互配合共同运行。The above-mentioned hybrid energy storage system is composed of three energy storage subsystems. The first energy storage subsystem consists of a lead-acid battery pack 1, a first slave control module BMU7, a first master control module BMS4, and a first two-way converter controller ACDC10, etc. The second energy storage subsystem is composed of a lithium battery pack 2, the second slave control module BMU8, the second main control module BMS5, and the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC11; the third energy storage subsystem is composed of a supercapacitor battery pack 3. It is composed of the third master control module BMU9, the third slave control module BMS6, and the third bidirectional AC controller ACDC12. The three energy storage subsystems are connected in parallel on the AC side through the first two-way AC controller ACDC10, the second two-way AC controller ACDC11, and the third two-way AC controller ACDC12, and are dispatched through the background monitoring system 13 to realize the three energy storage systems. Subsystems can operate independently or cooperate with each other.
上述混合储能系统通过后台监控系统13调度控制，通过对电网监测及评估计算，该混合储能系统控制运行策略如图2所示。The above-mentioned hybrid energy storage system is dispatched and controlled by the background monitoring system 13, and the control and operation strategy of the hybrid energy storage system is shown in FIG. 2 through the monitoring, evaluation and calculation of the power grid.
出现瞬时功率超出目标功率范围时，具体的充放电过程为：先判断各电池组SOC是否达到设定值，如未达到，则各双向变流控制其对各电池组进行保护，并禁止放电；如果达到，则在t0时刻，第二双向变流控制器ACDC11、第一双向变流控制器ACDC10分别对锂电池组、铅酸电池组限功率，由第三双向变流控制器ACDC12控制超级电容电池组放电；随后判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则第三储能子系统停止放电；如未恢复，则超级电容电池组继续放电，在ti时刻超级电容电池组放电至其告警电压Uc告警时，第二双向变流控制器释放锂电池组输出功率限制，由锂电池组放电；再判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则锂电池组停止放电；如未恢复，则继续放电到ti+1时刻，此时超级电容电池组放电到其保护电压值Uc保护停止放电，锂离子电池继续放电；到ti+2时刻锂电池组放电到告警电压UL告警，第一双向变流控制器ACDC10释放铅酸电池组输出功率限制，由铅酸电池组开始放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则第一储能子系统停止放电；如未恢复，则在ti+3时刻，锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保护停止放电，铅酸电池组继续放电；到ti+4时刻锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保护停止放电，整个混合储能系统放电结束。When the instantaneous power exceeds the target power range, the specific charging and discharging process is as follows: first judge whether the SOC of each battery pack reaches the set value, if not, then each bidirectional inverter controls it to protect each battery pack and prohibits discharge; If it is reached, then at time t0 , the second two-way converter controller ACDC11 and the first two-way converter controller ACDC10 limit the power of the lithium battery pack and the lead-acid battery pack respectively, and the third two-way converter controller ACDC12 controls the super Discharge the capacitor battery pack; then judge whether the abnormal power is recovered, if recovered, the third energy storage subsystem stops discharging; if not recovered, the super capacitor battery pack continues to discharge, and the super capacitor battery pack discharges to its alarm voltage at time t i When U c alarms , the second bidirectional converter controller releases the output power limit of the lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack discharges; then judges whether the abnormal power recovers, and if it recovers, the lithium battery pack stops discharging; if it does not recover, the lithium battery pack continues to discharge At time t i+1 , the supercapacitor battery pack discharges to its protection voltage value U c to protect and stop discharging, and the lithium-ion battery continues to discharge; at time t i+2, the lithium battery pack discharges to the alarm voltage U L to give an alarm , the first The two-way converter controller ACDC10 releases the output power limit of the lead-acid battery pack, and the lead-acid battery pack starts to discharge; judge again whether the abnormal power is recovered, if recovered, the first energy storage subsystem stops discharging; At time i+3 , the lithium battery pack is discharged to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the lead-acid battery pack continues to discharge; at time t i+4, the lithium battery pack is discharged to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the entire hybrid energy storage System discharge ends.
在离网时，初始T0时刻计算各电池组SOC值，如果未达到设定值则各双向变流控制器对相应的电池组进行保护并禁止放电；如果达到设定值，则第二、第三储能子系统对锂电池组、铅酸电池组进行输出功率限制，由第三双向变流控制器ACDC12控制超级电容电池组进行放电；判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未恢复，则继续放电，在Ti时刻，超级电容电池组放电到告警电压UC告警，第二双向变流控制器ACDC11释放锂电池组输出功率限制，由锂电池组放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未恢复，在Ti+1时刻超级电容电池放电到保护电压值Uc保护停止放电，锂电池组继续放电；在Ti+2时刻锂电池组放电到告警电压UL告警，第一双向变流控制器释放铅酸电池组输出功率限制，由铅酸电池组放电；再次判断异常功率是否恢复，如恢复，则停止放电；如未回复，则在Ti+3时刻锂电池组放电至保护电压值UL保护停止放电，铅酸电池继续放电；在Ti+4时刻铅酸电池放电至下限保护电压Uq 保护，停止放电，整个混合储能系统放电结束。When off-grid, calculate the SOC value of each battery pack at the initial T 0 time, if it does not reach the set value, each bidirectional converter controller will protect the corresponding battery pack and prohibit discharge; if it reaches the set value, the second, The third energy storage subsystem limits the output power of the lithium battery pack and the lead-acid battery pack, and the third bidirectional converter controller ACDC12 controls the supercapacitor battery pack to discharge; judges whether the abnormal power is restored, and if so, stops discharging; If it does not recover, continue to discharge. At T i time, the supercapacitor battery pack discharges to the alarm voltage U C to alarm , and the second bidirectional converter controller ACDC11 releases the output power limit of the lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack is discharged; judge abnormality again Whether the power is restored, if restored, stop discharging; if not restored, the supercapacitor battery discharges to the protection voltage value U c at T i+1 to protect and stop discharging, and the lithium battery pack continues to discharge; at T i+2 time the lithium battery pack Discharge to the alarm voltage U L alarm , the first two-way converter controller releases the output power limit of the lead-acid battery pack, and the lead-acid battery pack is discharged; judge whether the abnormal power is restored again, if it is restored, stop discharging; if not, then At T i+3 , the lithium battery pack discharges to the protection voltage value U L to protect and stop discharging, and the lead-acid battery continues to discharge; at T i+4 , the lead-acid battery discharges to the lower limit protection voltage U q protection , stops discharging, and the entire mixed storage The energy system is discharged.
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