CN103099670A - 手术钳 - Google Patents

手术钳 Download PDF

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CN103099670A
CN103099670A CN2012104457708A CN201210445770A CN103099670A CN 103099670 A CN103099670 A CN 103099670A CN 2012104457708 A CN2012104457708 A CN 2012104457708A CN 201210445770 A CN201210445770 A CN 201210445770A CN 103099670 A CN103099670 A CN 103099670A
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jaw member
cutter
tissue
sealing plate
pliers
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CN103099670B (zh
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J·M·罗伊
R·J·库尔森
S·E·安德森
R·M·夏普
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Covidien LP
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Covidien LP
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/08Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by means of electrically-heated probes
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    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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Abstract

钳子的端部执行器包括第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件,所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件能够在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间运动以抓持组织。每个钳口构件均包括能够有选择性地通电的组织密封板。组织密封板构造成在所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以密封组织。刀包括远侧表面和上表面。刀能够有选择性地在缩回位置和延伸位置之间平移,在延伸位置中刀在钳口构件之间延伸。远侧表面构造成用于当刀从缩回位置平移到延伸位置时动态切割组织。上表面构造成用于在刀处于延伸位置的情况下静态切割组织。刀能够有选择地通电并且构造成在刀和组织密封板中的一个或两个之间并且通过组织传导能量以电气切割组织。

Description

手术钳
技术领域
本公开涉及手术器械,并且更加具体地涉及用于抓持、密封和/或解剖组织的手术钳。
背景技术
钳子是镊子状器械,其依赖于钳口之间的机械作用来抓持、夹持以及收缩血管或组织。手术用电钳使用机械夹持作用和电能,从而通过加热组织和血管以凝结和/或烧灼组织来实现止血。某些手术需要的不只是简单地烧灼组织,还需要依赖夹持压力、精确的手术用电能控制和间隙距离(即,当围绕组织闭合时相对的钳口构件之间的距离)的独特组合来“密封”组织、血管和某些脉管束。
通常,一旦密封血管,医生就必须沿着新形成的组织密封部准确切断血管。因此,已经设计了多种血管密封器械,所述血管密封器械包括在形成组织密封部之后有效切断组织的刀或刀片构件。在特定示例中,需要解剖或切穿组织以到达下层血管(或多根血管),或为了达到其它目的。
发明内容
当在此使用时,术语“远侧”指的是描述为更加远离用户的部分,而术语“近侧”指的是描述为更加靠近用户的部分。当在此使用时,术语“刀”和“组织切割表面”不必指的是包括锋利的切割边缘以用于机械切割的部件或部分。更确切地说,当在此使用时,“刀”和“组织切割表面”通常指的是用于切割组织的部件或其部分,例如:用于电气切割组织的不锋利部件或表面、有助于电气切割组织的边缘或角、用于机械切割组织的锋利部件或表面、或者它们的组合。
就一致性而言,在此描述的任一方面均可以用于与在此描述的其它方面中的任意一个相结合。
根据本公开的一个方面,提供了一种钳子。所述钳子包括端部执行器组件,所述端部执行器组件具有第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件。钳口构件中的一个或两个能够相对于另一个在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间运动,以用于将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间。每个钳口构件均包括适于连接到能量源的导电组织密封板。组织密封板能够独立于彼此选择性地通电并且构造成在所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以密封组织。刀包括远侧组织切割表面和上组织切割表面。刀能够相对于钳口构件选择性地在缩回位置和延伸位置之间平移,在所述延伸位置中中刀在钳口构件之间延伸。远侧组织切割表面构造成用于在刀从缩回位置平移到延伸位置时动态切割组织。上组织切割表面构造成用于当刀布置在延伸位置中时静态切割组织。刀适于连接到能量源并且能够独立于组织密封板选择性地通电。刀构造成在刀和组织密封板中的一个或两个之间并且通过组织传导能量,以电气切割组织。
在一个方面中,设置手柄组件以用于使钳口构件在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间选择性地运动。
在另一个方面中,设置触发器组件以用于使刀在缩回位置和延伸位置之间有选择地平移。
在另一个方面中,设置第一激活开关以用于有选择地使第一钳口构件的组织密封板通电并且设置第二激活开关用于有选择地使第二钳口构件的组织密封板通电。
在又一个方面中,设置刀致动开关以用于有选择地使刀通电。
仍然在另一个方面中,刀以及第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以当刀在缩回位置和延伸位置之间平移时电气切割组织。
仍然在又一个方面中,刀和第二钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以当钳口构件布置在间隔开的位置中并且刀布置在延伸位置中时通过隆起电气切割组织。
在另一个方面中,刀和第一钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以通过剪割来电气切割组织。
在另一个方面中,一个或多个绝缘体布置在刀和组织密封板之间。绝缘体构造成阻止刀和组织密封板之间发生接触。
根据本公开还提供了一种手术方法。所述方法包括提供具有端部执行器组件的钳子,所述端部执行器组件包括第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件。每个钳口构件均包括适于连接到能量源的导电组织密封板。刀能够有选择地在第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件之间平移。所述方法还包括:使钳口构件相对于彼此运动到接近位置,以将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间;使第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件中的一个(或两个)的组织密封板通电,以密封抓持在钳口构件之间的组织;使钳口构件相对于彼此运动到间隔开的位置;将刀布置在钳口构件之间;横跨刀的上边缘覆盖组织密封部;以及使端部执行器组件相对于组织横向运动,以通过隆起切割组织。
在一个方面中,刀适于连接到能量源。在所述方面中,可以使刀通电,以通过隆起电气切割组织。钳子还可以包括刀致动开关,以用于有选择地使刀通电。
在另一个方面中,钳子包括触发器组件,以用于有选择地将刀布置在钳口构件之间,例如,用于使刀在缩回位置和延伸位置之间平移。
在又一个方面中,钳子包括手柄组件,以用于使钳口构件在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间运动。
还在另一个方面中,钳子包括:第一激活开关,以用于有选择地使第一钳口构件的组织密封板通电;和第二激活开关,以用于有选择地使第二钳口构件的组织密封板通电。
根据本公开的另一个方面提供的一种手术方法包括提供根据以上方面中的任何一个的钳子。所述方法还包括:使钳口构件相对于彼此运动到接近位置,以将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间;使第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件中的一个(或两个)的组织密封板通电,以密封抓持在钳口构件之间的组织;相对于彼此打开钳口构件;将刀布置在钳口构件之间;将组织密封部定位在钳口构件之间;并且使钳口构件从间隔开的位置运动到接近位置,以沿着组织密封部剪割组织。
在一个方面中,刀适于连接到能量源。在所述方面中,可以使刀通电,以电气剪割组织。钳子还可以包括用于有选择地使刀通电的刀致动开关。
附图说明
参照附图详细描述了本公开的各种方面,在所述附图中,相同的附图标记用于确定类似或相同的元件:
图1是构造成根据本公开使用的内窥镜手术钳的正视立体图;
图2是构造成根据本公开使用的开放手术钳的正视立体图;
图3是构造成与图1或图2的钳子一起使用的端部执行器组件的放大正视立体图;
图4是构造成与图1或图2的钳子一起使用的刀组件的立体图;
图5A是图3的端部执行器组件的纵向剖视图,其中,钳口构件示出为处于间隔开的位置中,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于缩回位置中;
图5B是图3的端部执行器组件的纵向剖视图,其中,钳口构件示出为处于接近位置中,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于缩回位置中;
图5C是图3的端部执行器组件的纵向剖视图,其中,钳口构件示出为处于接近位置中,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于延伸位置中;
图6A是图3的端部执行器组件的正视立体图,其中,钳口构件示出为处于间隔开的位置中,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于延伸位置中;
图6B是图3的端部执行器组件的正视立体图,其中,钳口构件处于间隔开的位置中,并且刀组件处于延伸位置中以解剖组织;
图7A是图3的端部执行器组件的侧视图,其中,钳口构件示出为处于间隔开的位置中,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于延伸位置中;以及
图7B是图3的端部执行器组件的侧视图,其中,钳口构件示出为朝向接近位置运动,并且其中,刀组件示出为处于延伸位置中。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1和图2,图1描绘了在相关的内窥镜手术中使用的钳子10,并且图2描绘了预期在相关的传统开放(open)手术中使用的开放钳子10′。为了此处的目的,可以根据本公开使用内窥镜器械(例如,钳子10)或使用开放器械(例如钳子10′)。显而易见的是,不同的电气和机械连接以及考虑因素应用于每个具体类型的器械中;但是,关于端部执行器组件和其操作特性的新颖性方面对于开放构造和内窥镜构造来说则基本保持一致。
现在转向图1,提供了内窥镜钳子10,所述内窥镜钳子10限定了纵向轴线“X-X”并且包括外壳20、手柄组件30、旋转组件70、触发器组件80、以及端部执行器组件100。钳子10还包括轴12,所述轴12具有:远端14,所述远端14构造成机械接合端部执行器组件100;和近端16,所述近端16机械接合外壳20。钳子10还包括手术用电缆610,所述电缆610将钳子10连接到发电机(未示出)或者其它适当的电源,尽管钳子10可以替代地构造成电池供电的器械。电缆610包括延伸贯穿其中的电线(未示出),所述电线的长度足以延伸通过轴12,以例如当激活激活开关90时,向端部执行器组件100的钳口构件110、120各自的密封板112、122中的至少一个提供电能。
继续参照图1,手柄组件30包括固定的手柄50和可移动的手柄40。固定的手柄50与外壳20关联成整体,并且可移动的手柄40相对于固定的手柄50能够运动。围绕纵向轴线“X-X”能够沿着两个方向旋转旋转组件70,以围绕纵向轴线“X-X”旋转端部执行器100。外壳20容纳钳子10的内部工作部件。
端部执行器组件100示出为附接在轴12的远端14处并且包括一对相对的钳口构件110、120。钳口构件110、120中的每一个分别包括导电组织密封板112、122。端部执行器组件100设计成单边组件,例如,钳口构件120相对于轴12是固定的并且钳口构件110相对于轴12和固定的钳口构件120能够运动(尽管相反的构造也是可以预期的)的情况。然而,端部执行器组件100可以替代地构造成为双边组件,即,钳口构件110和钳口构件120能够相对于彼此和相对于轴12运动的情况。刀组件180(图4-5C)布置在轴12内并且刀通道115、125(图5A-5C)限定在钳口构件110、120中的一个或两个中,以例如通过致动触发器组件80的触发器82允许刀184(图4-5C)贯穿所述刀通道115、125往复运动。将在下文中更加详细地描述端部执行器组件100和刀组件180(图4-5C)的具体特征。
继续参照图1,手柄组件30的可移动手柄40最终连接到驱动组件(未示出),所述驱动组件一起机械配合以使钳口构件110、120在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间运动,以抓持布置在钳口构件110、120各自的密封板112、122之间的组织。如图1所示,可移动的手柄40最初与固定手柄50间隔开,并且对应地,钳口构件110、120处于间隔开的位置中。可移动的手柄40能够从这个初始位置移动到压下位置,以使钳口构件110、120移动到接近位置,从而用于将组织抓持在所述钳口构件110、120之间(见图5B-5C)。
现在参照图2,开放钳子10′示出为包括两个细长的轴12a、12b,所述轴12a、12b均分别具有近端16a、16b和远端14a、14b。与钳子10(图1)类似,钳子10′构造成与端部执行器组件100一起使用。更加具体地,端部执行器组件100附接到轴12a、12b各自的远端14a、14b。如以上提及的那样,端部执行器组件100包括一对相对的钳口构件110、120,所述钳口构件110、120可枢转地相互联接。每根轴12a、12b均包括布置在其近端16a、16b处的手柄17a、17b。每个手柄17a、17b均限定了贯通其中的手指孔18a、18b,以用于接收用户的手指。如能够理解的那样,手指孔18a、18b便于轴12a、12b相对于彼此运动,这继而将钳口构件110、120从打开位置(其中,钳口构件110、120相对于彼此布置成间隔开的关系)枢转到闭合位置(其中,钳口构件110、120配合以将组织抓持在所述钳口构件110、120之间)。
可以包括棘爪30′以用于在枢转期间有选择地将钳口构件110、120相对于彼此锁定在多个位置中。棘爪30′可以包括刻度、或者使用户能轻易快速地确定和控制钳口构件110、120之间期望的闭合力的量的其它视觉标记。
继续参照图2,轴中的一个(例如轴12b)包括近侧轴连接件19,所述近侧轴连接件19设计成将钳子10′连接到电源,诸如手术用发电机(未示出)。近侧轴连接件19将手术用电缆610′固定到钳子10′,使得用户在需要时可以选择性地将手术用电能应用到钳口构件110和120各自的导电组织密封板112、122。
钳子10′还可以包括:刀组件180(图4-5C),所述刀组件180布置在轴12a、12b中的任意一个;和刀通道115、125(图5A-5C),所述刀通道115、125分别限定在钳口构件110、120中的一个或两个内,以允许刀184(图5-8C)贯穿所述钳口构件110、120往复运动。
现在转到图3,包括钳口构件110、120的端部执行器组件100构造成用于与上述钳子10或钳子10′或任何其它适当的手术器械一起使用,所述手术器械能够使钳口构件110、120相对于彼此在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间枢转以用于将组织夹持在所述钳口构件110、120之间。然而,为了简单性和一致性的目的,将仅仅参照钳子10在下文描述端部执行器组件100。
如图3所示,钳口构件110、120均包括外部的绝缘钳口外壳111、121和导电组织密封板112、122,所述导电组织密封板112、122相对于彼此以相对的关系布置在各自的钳口外壳111、121的顶部。组织密封板112、122适于独立于彼此连接到电源(例如,手术用电源),使得如将在下文中详细描述的那样,取决于具体目的,可以有选择地使组织密封板112、122中的任意一个或两个通电。激活开关90(图1)能够被有选择地致动,以控制供应到组织密封板112、122的能量供应。更加具体地,激活开关90(图1)可以包括第一和第二开关部件90a、90b(图1),以便于有选择性地激活组织密封板112、122中的任意一个或两个。
钳口构件110、120中的一个或两个包括纵向延伸的刀通道115、125(图5A-5C),如以上提及那样,所述刀通道115、125构造成允许刀184(图4-5C)贯穿其中往复运动。绝缘件124在刀通道115、125的每一个中做衬里,以使刀184(图4)与组织密封板112、122电绝缘。
现在转到图4,刀组件180大体包括刀184和刀杆186。刀184在刀184的近端185处联接到刀杆186并且从刀杆186向远侧延伸,以在所述刀184的远端187处限定切割组织部分188。刀184的切割组织部分188限定了远侧组织切割表面189a和上组织切割表面189b,所述远侧组织切割表面189a有助于当相对于组织纵向平移刀184时切割组织;所述上组织切割表面189b沿着切割组织部分188的长度延伸,以有助于当使刀184相对于组织横向平移时切割组织。切割组织表面189a、189b可以限定锋利刀刃构造、钝刃构造、不锋利构造、或者它们的组合(例如,远侧组织切割表面189a可以限定锋利刀刃,而上组织切割表面189b限定不锋利构造,尽管也可以预期相反的构造或其它构造)。而且,切割组织表面189a、189b可以限定多种不同的边缘或角构造,以集中电流并且有助于电气切割组织。
继续参照图4,刀184通过引线183联接到例如手术用电能的能量源。引线183从刀184向近侧延伸通过轴12(图1),最后联接到能量源,例如联接到布置在外壳20内的便携式发电机(未示出)(用于电池供电的器械),或者通过电缆610(图1)联接到外部发电机(未示出)。布置在外壳20(图1)上的刀激活开关92(图1)能够有选择地激活以使刀184通电,例如,以控制从引线183供应到刀184的能量供应。
现在转到图1、3和5A-7B,端部执行器组件100构造成以不同的模式进行操作并且构造成有效地在多种不同的操作模式之间转变。像这样,端部执行器组件100能够实施多种手术任务,而不需要使用额外的仪器、并且不需要撤回端部执行器组件100以将端部执行器组件100转变到不同的操作模式。具体地,端部执行器组件100构造成至少用于:将组织抓持在钳口构件110、120之间;密封抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织;机械切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织;电气/机电地切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织;利用布置在间隔开的位置中的钳口构件110、120机械切割组织;利用布置在间隔开的位置中的钳口构件110、120电气/机电地切割组织;机械地剪割组织;和电气/机电地剪割组织。以下详细描述每个操作模式。
参照图1、3和5A-5C,描述了端部执行器组件100的使用,所述端部执行器组件100用于抓持、密封、和/或切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织,例如机械、电气或者机电地切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。最初,在钳口构件110、120布置在间隔开的位置中的情况下(图5A),端部执行器组件100被操纵就位,以使得将待抓持、密封、和/或切割的组织布置在钳口构件110、120之间。接下来,相对于固定手柄50向近侧拉动可移动的手柄40,使得将钳口构件110相对于钳口构件120从间隔开的位置枢转到接近位置,以将组织抓持在钳口构件110、120各自的组织密封板112、122之间(图5B)。此后,可以例如通过激活激活开关90将能量供应到组织密封板112和/或组织密封板122并传导通过组织,以影响组织密封部。例如,可以例如通过激活第一开关部件90a使钳口构件110的组织密封板112通电到第一电势,而例如通过激活第二开关部件90b使钳口构件120的组织密封板122通电到不同于第一电势的第二电势(或,不通电),从而在组织密封板112、122之间产生电势差,使得能量在所述组织密封板112、122之间传导通过组织以影响组织密封部。即,在这个构造中,组织密封板112作为“有源”电极,而组织密封板122作为“返回”电极。还可以预期用于密封组织的其它构造,例如,其中,组织密封板122是“有源”电极,并且其中,组织密封板112是“返回”电极。
一旦完成组织密封(或者,仅仅期望抓持和切割的情况下),例如,通过激活触发器82可以将刀184从缩回位置(图5B)推进到延伸位置(图5C),使得刀184平移通过钳口构件110、120各自的刀通道115、125,以切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。当刀184向远侧平移通过钳口构件110、120各自的刀通道115、125时,刀184的远侧切割组织部分189a机械切割或解剖抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。
继续参照图1、3和5A-5C,当推进刀184通过钳口构件110、120时,可以使刀184通电以有助于切割组织。更加具体地,可以激活刀激活开关92,以通过引线183(图4)向刀184(“有源”电极)供应能量,从而用于电气/机电地切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。在这种模式中,没有使组织密封板112、122通电(或者通电到不同于刀184的电势),从而起到“返回”电极的作用。在使用中,当通电的刀184平移通过钳口构件110、120时,能量在远侧组织切割表面189a和组织密封板112、122之间传导并且通过位于其间的组织,以电气切割组织,而推进远侧组织切割表面189a通过组织则机械切割组织。为了电气切割而通过组织的能量传导还导致毗邻切割线的组织发生某些凝结。在钳口构件110、120各自的刀通道115、125中做衬里的绝缘件124在刀184平移通过所述组织密封板112、122时阻止刀184和组织密封板112、122之间发生接触,从而阻止电极短路。
用于密封和/或分开组织的端部执行器组件100的具体模式(例如,抓持、组织密封、机械切割组织、和/或电气切割组织)可以取决于组织的尺寸和/或构成,待实施的程序、其它解剖因素等。例如,对于特定的组织(例如,更无血管的组织)或者在需要进行快速解剖的情况下,可以将组织抓持在钳口构件110、120之间、使刀184通电,并且在钳口构件之间推进刀184以电气切割组织、同时毗邻切割线的凝结物充分止血,这样就足够了。对于其它组织(例如更有血管的组织)或在快速解剖并不重要的情况下,可以在推进刀184以沿着组织密封部切割组织之前抓持并且密封组织。在这种模式中,组织的尺寸和/或构成,或者其它因素可以决定是否需要进行机械切割或者需要进行电气/机电切割。
参照图1、3和6A-6B,描述了端部执行器组件100的使用,用于打开钳口组织切割,例如其中,钳口构件110、120布置在间隔开的位置中。如上所述,刀184包括沿着刀184的切割组织部分188的长度延伸的上组织切割表面189b。因此,在钳口构件110、120布置在间隔开的位置中并且刀184处于延伸位置中的情况下,暴露出上组织切割表面189b,使得可以横向推进端部执行器组装件100通过组织,以使用刀184的上组织切割表面189b切割组织。
在使用中,在钳口构件110、120布置在间隔开的位置中的情况下,使端部执行器组件100运动到定位成毗邻待切割的组织的位置中。在此时或之前,例如通过激活触发器组件80的触发器82将刀184推进到延伸位置。尽管触发器组件80还可以包括用于选择性地将刀184锁定在延伸位置中的锁定机构(没有明确示出),但是通过使触发器82维持在激活或压下位置中而将刀184保持在延伸位置中。如图6B所示,在机械切割模式中,在刀184处于延伸位置中的情况下,相对于组织横向推进端部执行器组件100,以使用刀184的上组织切割表面189b机械切割组织。
在电气/机电切割模式中,在打开钳口组织切割期间使刀184通电,以促进切割组织。更加具体地,可以激活刀激活开关92,以通过引线183(图4)向刀184(“有源”电极)供应能源,以用于电气/机电切割抓持在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。在这种构造中,组织密封板112没有通电。例如通过激活第二开关部件90b使得组织密封板122通电到不同于刀184的电势的电势,使得组织密封板122起到“返回”电极的作用。作为钳口构件120的刀通道125的衬里的绝缘件124阻止刀184和组织密封板122之间发生接触,从而阻止电极短路。
继续参照图1、3和6A-6B,当使刀184通电为“有源”电极并且使组织密封板122通电为“返回”电极的情况下,可以横向推进端部执行器组件100通过组织,以通过隆起(tenting)来电气/机电切割布置在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。如图6B所示,隆起涉及将端部执行器组装件100定位成使得待切割的组织位于刀184的上组织切割表面189b上,并且在刀184的任一侧上朝向钳口构件120延伸以接触钳口构件120的组织密封板122,从而形成隆起状构造。在这种构造中,组织在隆起的顶端处接触刀184的上组织切割表面189b并且在隆起的侧部接触组织密封板122,使得能量从刀184通过组织传导到组织密封板122上以电气切割组织,同时推进上组织切割表面189b通过组织以机械切割组织。在切割期间,端部执行器组件100相对于组织的横向平移(即,驱动刀184的上组织切割表面189b进入到组织)有助于在组织上保持充分的张力并且有助于确保组织在刀184的任一侧上与组织密封板122接触,从而当端部执行器组件100横向平移通过组织时便于切割组织。
已经发现的是,为了实现最优的隆起,适当的刀高度很重要。刀高度太小不能有效拉紧组织,从而难以切断组织并且不能充分限定通过组织的能量路径。另一方面,刀高度太大可导致过分的隆起(例如,组织没有接触或没有充分接触组织密封板122的情况),从而减小刀184和组织密封板122之间通过组织的有效电流路径。而且,刀184的侧部可以涂覆电介质(例如,硅酮、聚酰亚胺、或任何其它适当的电介质),以将能量集中在刀184的上组织切割表面189b处,从而在切割期间产生更为限定的通过组织到组织密封板122的电流路径。当在抓持和电气/机电组织模式(见图5A-5C)或电气/机电剪割组织(见图7A-7B)模式中使用端部执行器组件100时,这种电介质涂层也是有利的,例如,电介质涂层便于能量在刀184的切割组织表面(用于抓持和电气/机电组织模式时的远侧组织切割表面189a,或者用于电气/机电剪割组织模式时的上组织切割表面189b)处集中,从而产生了通过组织的更为限定的电流路径。
在需要进行快速或反复切割组织(不密封组织)以例如用于接近下层组织的情况下,端部执行器组件100的打开钳口组织切割模式(例如,机械打开钳口切割模式和电气/机电打开钳口切割模式)尤为有利。例如,打开钳口组织切割模式允许端部执行器组件100连续切割组织并且推进通过组织(例如,多层组织),以有效且便利地接近下层组织或者下层手术部位。可以使用机械切割来切割例如尺寸较小的特定组织,而其它组织(例如更为强壮或更大的组织)需要使用隆起和电气/机电切割。
参照图1、3和7A-7B,描述了使用端部执行器组件100来机械或机电剪割组织。如上所述,刀184包括沿着刀184的切割组织部分188的长度延伸的上组织切割表面189b。因此,在钳口构件110、120布置在间隔开的位置中并且刀184位于延伸位置中的情况下,暴露出上组织切割表面189b。因此,例如,通过反复握住和释放可移动的手柄40,钳口构件110、120可以以剪刀状的方式在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间反复运动,以机械切割布置在钳口构件110、120之间的组织。更加具体地,在使用中,组织定位在钳口构件110、120之间,使得当钳口构件110、120从间隔开的位置运动到接近位置时,刀184的上组织切割表面189b平移通过定位在所述钳口构件110、120之间的组织并且进入到钳口构件110的刀通道115中(图5A-5C)以切割组织,同时组织被保持在位于钳口构件110、120之间就位。
继续参照图1、3和7A-7B,端部执行器组件100还可以用于机电剪割组织。为了进行机电剪割,例如通过激活刀激活开关92使刀184通电,以具有“有源”电极的功能,而通过激活第一开关部件90a使组织密封板112通电到不同的电势,使得组织密封板112具有“返回”电极的功能。在这种构造中,组织密封板122没有通电。
在使用中,在电气/机电剪割模式中,组织定位在钳口构件110、120之间并且钳口构件110、120从间隔开的位置运动到接近位置。当钳口构件110、120朝向接近位置运动时,在驱动刀184的上组织切割组织表面189b进入定位在刀184和钳口构件110的刀通道115(图5A-5C)之间的组织中时,实现某些机械切割。当钳口构件110、120进一步朝向接近位置运动时,刀184和钳口构件110驱动组织与钳口构件120的组织密封板122相接触,以产生从刀184的上组织切割表面189b通过组织到组织密封板122的电流路径,从而允许在其间传导能量,以电气切割组织。
端部执行器组件100的剪割模式(例如机械和电气/机电剪割模式)对于切割更强壮和/或更大的组织尤为有利在于,当推进刀184通过组织时,钳口构件110、120将组织保持就位。具体程序、组织的尺寸/构成、或其它因素可以确定机械切割是否充分或者确定是否需要电气/机电切割。
参照图1-7B,如上详细所述,端部执行器组件100构造成根据钳口构件110、120(当由可移动的手柄40控制时)和/或刀184(当由触发器组件80控制时)的位置、和组织密封板112、122(当分别由第一和第二开关部件90a、90b控制时)和/或刀184(当由刀激活开关92控制时)的通电在多种操作模式中使用。通过控制可移动手柄40、触发器组件80、第一和第二开关部件90a、90b和/或刀激活开关92,端部执行器组件100能够在这些多种不同模式之间进行有效转换。因此,端部执行器组件100可以不仅用于实施多种不同的手术,而且也可以在单个手术期间在上述模式中的两个或多个之间进行转换。例如,端部执行器组件100可以用于在打开钳口切割模式或剪割模式中机械或电气/机电切割组织,以到达待密封和/或分离的下层组织。然后,端部执行器组件100可以用于(机械或电气/机电)抓持、密封和分离下层组织。可替代地,端部执行器组件100可以用于抓持并且密封组织,随后,通过使钳口构件110、120运动到接近位置来沿着组织密封部机械或电气/机电切割组织、在钳口构件110、120之间推进刀184并且沿着组织密封部通过隆起或剪割来(机械或电气/机电)切割组织。然而,端部执行器组件100并不局限于这些示例(或者模式的任何具体组合),而是端部执行器组件100也可以按照任何适当的顺序在上述模式中的任意之间转换,即,端部执行器组件100可以定制成实施期望的手术。
从前述并且参照多张附图,本领域的技术人员将理解的是,在不背离本公开的范围的前提下,可以对本公开做出某些修改。尽管已经在附图中示出了本公开的若干实施例,但是其并不旨在使本公开局限于此,而是旨在本公开的范围如本领域将允许的那样广泛,并且同样地阅读说明书。因此,以上描述不应当视为限制,而是仅仅是具体实施例的示例。本领域的技术人员将预想出在随附权利要求的范围和精神内的其它修改方案。

Claims (20)

1.一种钳子,所述钳子包括:
端部执行器组件,所述端部执行器组件包括:
第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件,所述钳口构件中的至少一个能够相对于另一个在间隔开的位置和接近位置之间运动,以用于将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间,所述钳口构件中的每一个均包括适于连接到能量源的导电组织密封板,所述组织密封板能够独立于彼此有选择地通电并且构造成在所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以密封组织;和
刀,所述刀包括远侧组织切割表面和上组织切割表面,所述刀能够相对于所述钳口构件有选择地在缩回位置和延伸位置之间平移,在所述延伸位置中所述刀在所述钳口构件之间延伸,所述远侧组织切割表面构造成用于当所述刀从所述缩回位置平移到所述延伸位置时动态切割组织,所述上组织切割表面构造成用于当所述刀布置在所述延伸位置中时静态切割组织,所述刀适于连接到所述能量源,所述刀能够独立于所述组织密封板有选择地通电并且构造成在所述刀和所述组织密封板中的至少一个之间并且通过组织传导能量,以电气切割组织。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,所述钳子还包括手柄组件,所述手柄组件用于使所述钳口构件在所述间隔开的位置和所述接近位置之间有选择地运动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,所述钳子还包括触发器组件,所述触发器组件用于使所述刀在所述缩回位置和所述延伸位置之间有选择地平移。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,所述钳子还包括:第一激活开关,所述第一激活开关用于有选择地使所述第一钳口构件的组织密封板通电;和第二激活开关,所述第二激活开关用于有选择地使所述第二钳口构件的组织密封板通电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,所述钳子还包括:刀致动开关,所述刀致动开关用于有选择地使所述刀通电。
6.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,其中,所述刀以及所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以当所述刀在所述缩回位置和所述延伸位置之间平移时电气切割组织。
7.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,其中,所述刀和所述第二钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以当所述钳口构件布置在所述间隔开的位置中时并且所述刀布置在所述延伸位置中时经由隆起电气切割组织。
8.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,其中,所述刀和所述第一钳口构件的组织密封板能够通电,以在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间并且通过组织传导能量,以通过剪割来电气切割组织。
9.根据权利要求1所述的钳子,所述钳子还包括布置在所述刀和所述组织密封板之间的至少一个绝缘件,所述绝缘件构造成阻止所述刀和所述组织密封板之间发生接触。
10.一种手术方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有端部执行器组件的钳子,所述端部执行器组件包括:
第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件,每个钳口构件均包括适于连接到能量源的导电组织密封板;以及
刀,所述刀能够有选择地在所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件之间平移;
使所述钳口构件相对于彼此运动到接近位置,以将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间;
使所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件中的至少一个的组织密封板通电,以密封抓持在所述钳口构件之间的组织;
使所述钳口构件相对于彼此运动到间隔开的位置;
将所述刀布置在所述钳口构件之间;
横跨所述刀的上边缘覆盖组织密封部;
使端部执行器组件相对于组织横向运动,以通过隆起切割组织。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述刀适于连接到能量源,并且其中,使所述端部执行器组件相对于组织横向运动以通过隆起切割组织的步骤包括使所述刀通电,以通过隆起电气切割组织。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述钳子还包括用于有选择地使所述刀通电的刀致动开关。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括用于有选择地将所述刀布置在所述钳口构件之间的触发器组件。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括用于使所述钳口构件在所述间隔开的位置和所述接近位置之间运动的手柄组件。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括:第一激活开关,以用于有选择地使所述第一钳口构件的组织密封板通电;和第二激活开关,以用于有选择地使所述第二钳口构件的组织密封板通电。
16.一种手术方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有端部执行器组件的钳子,所述端部执行器组件包括:
第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件,每个钳口构件均包括适于连接到能量源的导电组织密封板;和
刀,所述刀能够有选择地在所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件之间平移;
使所述钳口构件相对于彼此运动到接近位置,以将组织抓持在所述钳口构件之间;
使所述第一钳口构件和所述第二钳口构件中的至少一个的组织密封板通电,以密封抓持在所述钳口构件之间的组织;
相对于彼此打开所述钳口构件;
将所述刀布置在所述钳口构件之间;
将所述组织密封部定位在所述钳口构件之间;以及
使所述钳口构件从所述间隔开的位置运动到所述接近位置,以沿着所述组织密封部剪割组织。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述刀适于连接到所述能量源,并且其中,使所述钳口构件从所述间隔开的位置运动到所述接近位置以剪割组织的步骤包括使所述刀通电,以电气剪割组织。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括用于有选择地使所述刀通电的刀致动开关。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括用于有选择地将所述刀布置在所述钳口构件之间的触发器组件。
20.根据权利要求16的方法,其中,所述钳子还包括:第一激活开关,以用于有选择地使所述第一钳口构件的组织密封板通电;和第二激活开关,以用于有选择地使所述第二钳口构件的组织密封板通电。
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US20130123837A1 (en) 2013-05-16
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US9168088B2 (en) 2015-10-27
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EP2591744B1 (en) 2017-01-04
US20150157393A1 (en) 2015-06-11
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US8968309B2 (en) 2015-03-03
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US9375245B2 (en) 2016-06-28
AU2012244379B2 (en) 2014-01-30

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