CN103094699A - Lens antenna based on metamaterial - Google Patents
Lens antenna based on metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN103094699A CN103094699A CN2011103377612A CN201110337761A CN103094699A CN 103094699 A CN103094699 A CN 103094699A CN 2011103377612 A CN2011103377612 A CN 2011103377612A CN 201110337761 A CN201110337761 A CN 201110337761A CN 103094699 A CN103094699 A CN 103094699A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication and provides a lens antenna based on metamaterial. The lens antenna based on the metamaterial specifically comprises a coaxial cable, a patch antenna feed source, a metamaterial modulation module and an outer shell. The coaxial cable is connected with the patch antenna feed source through feed lines, and the patch antenna feed source irradiates an electromagnetic wave signal which is modulated through the metamaterial modulation module and the electromagnetic wave which enters the metamaterial modulation module is modulated into equal phase position radiation. The lens antenna based on the metamaterial utilizes the metamaterial modulation module, enables refractive index in the metamaterial to enable the electromagnetic wave in the metamaterial to exit in a parallel mode by adjusting the distribution rule of a dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity in the inner portion of the metamaterial, finally enables the lens antenna to be good in directivity and big in gain, enables the focus of the lens antenna to be close to the position of the feed source, enables the design of the antenna to be simple and enables the antenna to be miniaturized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, relate in particular to the lens antenna based on super material.
Background technology
Utilization at the dielectric lens antenna of millimere-wave band is very extensive, and the shape of lens antenna is to design according to the Fermat's principle in geometric optics and Si Naier refraction theorem, because the single face lens antenna is easy to processing, so be used at most.
As shown in Figure 1, according to Fermat's principle, the light path of process any point P equals the light path along axis to the single face lens antenna.The refractive index of supposing the medium of lens antenna is n, and the F point is the feed position, can obtain: FP+n (PP
1)=FP+n (OQ
1), FP=FO+n (OQ).If the employing polar coordinates, the origin of coordinates is on the focus of lens, and the coordinate that P is ordered is
make FO=f, the lens profile curvilinear equation that the condition of application equivalent optical path can obtain under polar coordinates is:
If the employing rectangular coordinate system, take O as initial point, the coordinate of P is that the lens profile curvilinear equation that (x, y) can obtain under rectangular coordinate system is:
(n
2-1)x
2+2(n-1)fx-y
2＝0。
Usually the feed of lens antenna is not point source, horn feed when some, the time paster antenna feed (patch antenna array) also had, and paster antenna is in the situation that without any lens or super material, the front-to-back ratio of antenna is more undesirable, and the gain of antenna is sometimes also beaten less than actual demand.
In traditional lens antenna, because the focal length of lens antenna is distant, when the bore of actual needs lens antenna is fixing, with regard to the feed that is difficult to reach lens antenna, be positioned on the focus of lens like this, thereby the size that makes lens antenna has no idea to dwindle, make lens antenna be applied to the inside, zonule and brought very large difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome lens antenna in prior art cannot make the feed of lens antenna be positioned at the defect on focus in zonule because its focal length is distant, a kind of lens antenna based on super material is provided, this antenna adopt super material technology can so that feed from lens apart from close to very.
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical scheme that the present invention adopts:
Lens antenna based on super material, described lens antenna specifically comprises: coaxial cable, the paster antenna feed, super material modulation module and shell, described coaxial cable is connected with described paster antenna feed by feeder line, and described paster antenna feed radiated electromagnetic wave signal, described electromagnetic wave signal is modulated by described super material modulation module, the electromagnetic wave signal that enters super material modulation module is modulated to the equiphase radiation, a plurality of graded beddings that described super material modulation module comprises a plurality of core layers and is symmetrically distributed in described core layer both sides, each core layer and each graded bedding include the substrate of sheet and are arranged on a plurality of artificial micro-structural on described substrate, the refraction index profile of described each core layer is all identical, each core layer comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, in described border circular areas and described annular region refractive index along with the increase of radius from n
pbe reduced to continuously n
0and the refractive index at same radius place is identical, each graded bedding that is distributed in described core layer the same side includes a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, and described border circular areas corresponding to each graded bedding is identical with variations in refractive index scope in described annular region and along with the increase of radius is reduced to n continuously from its largest refractive index
0, the refractive index at same radius place is identical, and the largest refractive index of two adjacent graded beddings is expressed as n
iand n
i+1, n wherein
0<n
i<n
i+1<n
p, i is positive integer, n
icorresponding to the described core layer of distance graded bedding far away.
Further, described paster antenna feed is single card chip antenna feed, described single card chip antenna feed comprises metal patch, medium substrate, feedback point, feeder line and metal ground plate, described metal patch and metal ground plate lay respectively at the both sides of described medium substrate, and described metal patch is put and is connected by feedback with feeder line.
Further, the material of described metal patch and metal ground plate includes aluminium, copper and silver.
Further, the four paster array antenna feeds that described paster antenna feed is the homophase feed.
Further, described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each core layer have identical geometry, and the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region.
Further, described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each graded bedding have identical geometry, the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region, and in the same area corresponding to two adjacent described core layers of graded bedding middle distance graded bedding far away, the size of the artificial micro-structural at same radius place is less.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure be comprised of at least one one metal wire.
Further, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
Further, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is " work " font, " ten " font or " H " shape.
The present invention, with respect to prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) a kind of lens antenna based on super material of the present invention adopts paster antenna to do feed, makes antenna directivity better.
(2) a kind of lens antenna based on super material of the present invention adopts super material modulation module, dielectric constant by regulating super material internal and the regularity of distribution of magnetic permeability, making refractive index in super material reach to make can parallel outgoing by the electromagnetic wave signal in it, finally make the lens antenna directivity better, gain larger.
(3) a kind of lens antenna based on super material of the present invention utilizes ultra-thin super material modulation module to make the focal length feed location comparison of lens antenna near, makes Antenna Design be more prone to, and antenna is miniaturization more.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of lens antenna in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on the lens antenna of super material;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of single card chip antenna feed of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the anatomical structure schematic diagram of single card chip antenna feed of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is four paster array antenna feed structure schematic diagrames of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the feeding classification schematic diagram of four paster array antenna feeds of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of super material modulation module of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the internal structure schematic diagram of core layer of the present invention or graded bedding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 2, structural representation for the lens antenna based on super material, described lens antenna specifically comprises: coaxial cable 1, paster antenna feed 2, super material modulation module 3 and shell 4, described shell 4 is connected with super material modulation module 3 sealings respectively at paster antenna 2, for the protection of described paster antenna 2 and super material modulation module 3, described coaxial cable 1 is connected with described paster antenna feed 2 by feeder line, coaxial cable 1 is by paster antenna feed 2 radiated electromagnetic wave signals, electromagnetic wave signal enters described super material modulation module 3 and carries out the electromagnetic wave beam modulation, making the super material modulation module 3 of electromagnetic wave outgoing rear is the equiphase radiation, be about to the sphere electromagnetic wave and be converted to plane electromagnetic wave, make the directivity of this lens antenna better, and it is also better to gain.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, described paster antenna feed 2 adopts single card chip antenna feed, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, described single card chip antenna feed specifically comprises: metal patch 22, medium substrate 21, feedback point 24, feeder line 25 and metal ground plate 23, described metal patch 22 and metal ground plate 23 lay respectively at the both sides of described medium substrate 21, and described metal patch 22 is put 24 with feeder line 25 by feedback and is connected.
The material of described metal patch 22 and metal ground plate 23 can be selected identical material, also can be different, and the material that they are selected usually can be aluminium or copper or silver, because the cost performance of copper is higher, preferably copper.
As common practise, we are known, electromagnetic refractive index with
proportional, when a branch of electromagnetic wave propagates into another medium by a kind of medium, electromagnetic wave can reflect, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will be larger to refractive index ratio the position deviation, by designing the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in super material, just can be adjusted the refraction index profile of super material, and then be reached the purpose that changes the electromagnetic wave propagation path.The electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form that can make by the refraction index profile that designs super material modulation module 3 to send from paster antenna feed 2 according to above-mentioned principle is dispersed is transformed into the electromagnetic wave of the plane wave form that is suitable for long-distance transmissions.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the super material modulation module 3 shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of graded beddings that super material modulation module 3 comprises a plurality of core layers and is symmetrically distributed in the core layer both sides, each core layer and each graded bedding include the substrate of sheet and are arranged on a plurality of artificial micro-structural on substrate.Each artificial micro-structural with and the accompanying shared part of substrate be a super material cell.Super material modulation module 3 is by stacking formation of a plurality of super sheet of material, between this each super sheet of material, equidistantly arranges the ground assembling, or in twos between lamella direct forward and backward surface link into an integrated entity bondingly.During concrete enforcement, the number of super sheet of material can be designed according to demand.As shown in Figure 8, each super sheet of material is formed by a plurality of super material cell arrays.By the topological pattern to artificial micro-structural, physical dimension with and the design that distributes on substrate, the refraction index profile of the core layer in the middle of making meets following rule: the refraction index profile of every one deck is all identical, each core layer comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, in described border circular areas and described annular region refractive index along with the increase of radius from n
pbe reduced to continuously n
0and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.
As shown in Figure 7, only show 7 layers, wherein middle three layers is core layer 33, and the two-layer of core layer both sides is graded bedding 31,32, and the graded bedding of both sides is symmetrical, and the graded bedding characteristic apart from core layer same distance place is identical.Core layer in Fig. 7 and the quantity of graded bedding are only example, can be arranged according to needs.Wherein, graded bedding is mainly in order to realize the cushioning effect of refractive index, and while avoiding electromagnetic wave incident, the larger variation of refractive index, reduce electromagnetic reflection, and play the effect of impedance matching and phase compensation.
With three layers of core layer, each two-layer graded bedding of core layer both sides is example, three layers of core layer for centre, the refraction index profile of every one deck is all identical, each core layer comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, in described border circular areas and described annular region refractive index along with the increase of radius from n
pbe reduced to continuously n
0and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.
With the distributional class of core layer seemingly, the difference of graded bedding only is the largest refractive index difference that each is regional, the largest refractive index of core layer is n
p, the largest refractive index of graded bedding is n
i, and different graded bedding n
idifferent.Each graded bedding that is distributed in core layer the same side includes a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, and two corresponding border circular areas and interior largest refractive indexs of annular region of adjacent graded bedding are expressed as n
iand n
i+1, n wherein
0<n
i<n
i+1<n
p, i is positive integer, n
icorresponding to the described core layer of distance graded bedding far away; Refractive index in the described border circular areas that each graded bedding is corresponding and described annular region is along with the increase of radius is reduced to n continuously from its largest refractive index
0and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.That is to say, for Fig. 7, the two-layer graded bedding in core layer left side, wherein leftmost graded bedding largest refractive index is n
1, another graded bedding largest refractive index is n
2, and n
0<n
1<n
2<n
p.In like manner, because the graded bedding of core layer both sides is symmetrical, therefore, it is identical that rightmost graded bedding and leftmost graded bedding refractive index are arranged, and the graded bedding on inferior the right is arranged identical with the graded bedding refractive index on time left side.
In order to be met the super material modulation module 3 of above-mentioned variations in refractive index relation, lens antenna based on super material of the present invention surpasses the artificial micro-structural of material internal by design, obtain DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ in super material, and then the refraction index profile design of super material modulation module 3 is realized to electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form is dispersed changes the electromagnetic wave of plane form into.
Experimental results show that, the artificial micro-structural of identical patterns, its physical dimension becomes the ε direct ratio with dielectric constant, therefore in the situation that incident electromagnetic wave is definite, artificial micro-structural the arranging on super sheet of material of topological pattern and different size by the artificial micro-structural of appropriate design, just can adjust the refraction index profile of super material modulation module, and then realize that electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form is dispersed changes the electromagnetic wave of plane form into.
Described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each core layer have identical geometry, and the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region; Described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each graded bedding have identical geometry, the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region, and in the same area corresponding to two adjacent described core layers of graded bedding middle distance graded bedding far away, the size of the artificial micro-structural at same radius place is less.
But the artificial micro-structural that realizes above-mentioned refractive index and refractive index variable quantity distribution relation has a variety of implementations, for the artificial micro-structural of planar structure, its geometry can be that axial symmetry also can non-axial symmetry; For three-dimensional structure, it can be the rotational symmetric Arbitrary 3 D figure of non-90 degree.
Artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure be comprised of at least one one metal wire.Wire is copper wire or filamentary silver, can be attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
As shown in Figure 5, be the structural representation of four paster array antenna feeds of the present invention, four paster battle arrays 26 are matrix distribution, single card chip antenna feed in alternate embodiment 1.Fig. 5 is the feeding classification of four paster array antenna feeds, adopts the mode of homophase feed, and the electromagnetic wave signal that makes four paster antennas send is homophase.Other execution mode and embodiment 1 are identical, repeat no more.
The present invention is converted to plane wave by the variations in refractive index designed on super material panel core layer and graded bedding between reaching separately by the electromagnetic wave of radiation source emission, thereby improved the performance that converges of lens antenna, greatly reduced reflection loss, also just avoided the minimizing of electromagnetic energy, strengthen transmission range, improved the performance of lens antenna.
Above-described embodiment is preferably execution mode of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not run counter to change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the lens antenna based on super material, it is characterized in that, described lens antenna specifically comprises: coaxial cable, the paster antenna feed, super material modulation module and shell, described coaxial cable is connected with described paster antenna feed by feeder line, and described paster antenna feed radiated electromagnetic wave signal, described electromagnetic wave signal is modulated by described super material modulation module, the electromagnetic wave signal that enters super material modulation module is modulated to the equiphase radiation, a plurality of graded beddings that described super material modulation module comprises a plurality of core layers and is symmetrically distributed in described core layer both sides, each core layer and each graded bedding include the substrate of sheet and are arranged on a plurality of artificial micro-structural on described substrate, the refraction index profile of described each core layer is all identical, each core layer comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, in described border circular areas and described annular region refractive index along with the increase of radius from n
pbe reduced to continuously n
0and the refractive index at same radius place is identical, each graded bedding that is distributed in described core layer the same side includes a border circular areas and a plurality of annular regions concentric with described border circular areas, and described border circular areas corresponding to each graded bedding is identical with variations in refractive index scope in described annular region and along with the increase of radius is reduced to n continuously from its largest refractive index
0, the refractive index at same radius place is identical, and the largest refractive index of two adjacent graded beddings is expressed as n
iand n
i+1, n wherein
0<n
i<n
i+1<n
p, i is positive integer, n
icorresponding to the described core layer of distance graded bedding far away.
2. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described paster antenna feed is single card chip antenna feed, described single card chip antenna feed comprises metal patch, medium substrate, feedback point, feeder line and metal ground plate, described metal patch and metal ground plate lay respectively at the both sides of described medium substrate, and described metal patch is put and is connected by feedback with feeder line.
3. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the material of described metal patch and metal ground plate includes aluminium, copper and silver.
4. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the four paster array antenna feeds that described paster antenna feed is the homophase feed.
5. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each core layer have identical geometry, and the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region.
6. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described a plurality of artificial micro-structurals of each graded bedding have identical geometry, the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in described border circular areas and described annular region, and in the same area corresponding to two adjacent described core layers of graded bedding middle distance graded bedding far away, the size of the artificial micro-structural at same radius place is less.
7. according to claim 1 or the 6 described lens antennas based on super material, it is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure be comprised of at least one one metal wire.
8. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
9. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
10. the lens antenna based on super material according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is " work " font, " ten " font or " H " shape.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110337761.2A CN103094699B (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2011-10-31 | Based on the lens antenna of Meta Materials |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110337761.2A CN103094699B (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2011-10-31 | Based on the lens antenna of Meta Materials |
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| CN103094699A true CN103094699A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| CN103094699B CN103094699B (en) | 2015-12-16 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104425875A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-18 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial antenna reinforcing device, antenna and antenna array |
| WO2018201940A1 (en) * | 2017-05-01 | 2018-11-08 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Liquid-crystal reconfigurable multi-beam phased array related applications |
| CN108808257A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-13 | 上海交通大学 | The controllable super surface of refractive index |
| CN109586044A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江大学 | The active super surface thin lens antenna of two-dimensional scanning varactor |
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| US5883602A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1999-03-16 | Apti, Inc. | Wideband flat short foci lens antenna |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
| CN102544717B (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-06-04 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Lens antenna based on metamaterial |
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| US5883602A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1999-03-16 | Apti, Inc. | Wideband flat short foci lens antenna |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104425875A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-18 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial antenna reinforcing device, antenna and antenna array |
| WO2018201940A1 (en) * | 2017-05-01 | 2018-11-08 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Liquid-crystal reconfigurable multi-beam phased array related applications |
| US10211532B2 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2019-02-19 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Liquid-crystal reconfigurable multi-beam phased array |
| CN108808257A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-13 | 上海交通大学 | The controllable super surface of refractive index |
| CN108808257B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-09-15 | 上海交通大学 | Refractive index controllable super surface |
| CN109586044A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江大学 | The active super surface thin lens antenna of two-dimensional scanning varactor |
| CN109586044B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江大学 | Two-dimensional scanning varactor active super-surface thin lens antenna |
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