CN103093400B - Adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction - Google Patents
Adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of engineering risk evaluation, and particularly relates to an adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction. The adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in the tunnel construction mainly comprises the following steps of step 1, building an evaluation index system, step 2, building a standard extensible cloud model of evaluation indexes, step 3, computing and obtaining a weight matrix of the evaluation indexes through a subjective and objective weighting method, step 4, computing a relevancy matrix of a to-be-evaluated object through cloud relevancy computing, and obtaining a safety evaluation grade of the to-be-evaluated object through a weighted average method and combination of an evaluation index weighted value and the relevancy matrix, and step 5, measuring the reliability of safety evaluation grade. The adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in the tunnel construction combines advantages of a cloud model and an extensible theory, and provides effective decision support advices for protection and control of an adjacent building of different safety grades.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Engineering Risk Assessment field, close to buildings security is quantitatively commented in specially a kind of constructing tunnel
Valency method.
Background technology
Constructing tunnel will necessarily produce certain disturbance to surrounding soil, so as to cause soil deformation and ground settlement, especially
It is that the security implication performance to close to buildings is more obvious.When strata deformation and earth's surface deform more than certain limit just
The accident such as land subsidence and surrounding building infringement can be caused, serious financial consequences and bad social influence is caused.It is especially right
In Urban underground Tunnel engineering, down town area is typically all passed through, because building is intensive, construction site is narrow and small, geological condition
Complicated, underground pipe network gathers, heavy traffic is restricted, with greater need for infringement of the strict control constructing tunnel to close to buildings.
Therefore, carry out constructing tunnel to the safety analysis of close to buildings and its evaluate for the protection control of close to buildings has
Highly important meaning.
Existing integrated evaluating method can generally be summarized as following three class：Based on the method for fuzzy mathematics theory, such as
Fuzzy AHP；Based on the method for probability statistics principle, such as Close-value Method, fault tree analysis process；Based on artificial intelligence
The evaluation method of energy algorithm, such as neutral net, SVMs, genetic algorithm and rough set method.Generally, these are commented
Valency method differs from one another, and the safety analysis to close to buildings in tunnel construction environment serves important reference with evaluating
Effect.But, by history imperfection, the limitation of expertise, experience judge and the uncertainty expressed of data are sumed up
Etc. factor affect, evaluation index classification divide have larger ambiguity and randomness, existing achievement in research fail mostly to
Go out its effective and reasonable expression, the confidence level of evaluation result is reduced to a certain extent.
Cloud model is probabilistic transformation model between a kind of qualitative knowledge description and quantitative value, it ambiguity and
Randomness combines, and realizes the uncertain conversion between qualitativing concept and its quantificational expression, being capable of effective expression
With regard to the ambiguity and randomness of qualitativing concept in human knowledge, in the representation of knowledge, data mining and field of intelligent control
Effective utilization is obtained.The knowledge representation of cloud model and the safety that uncertain inference is close to buildings in tunnel construction environment
A+E provides new thinking.At the same time, can open up it is theoretical by [0, the 1] Extending of fuzzy set to (- ∞ ,+
On real number axis ∞), it is objective to evaluate, and calculates easy, and can directly utilize initial data, eliminates the normalized of data
Process, it is to avoid the information being likely to occur is lost.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided close to buildings security is quantitatively commented in a kind of constructing tunnel
Valency method, it combines cloud model and can open up the advantage of theory, is that the protection control of the close to buildings of different safety class is carried
For effective decision support suggestion.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the scheme that the present invention is provided is：Close to buildings security in a kind of constructing tunnel
Method for quantitatively evaluating, comprises the steps.
Step one, builds assessment indicator system.Fusion constructing metro tunnel standard criterion, design and construction handbook and science and technology text
Priori and the engineering experience such as offer, summary and induction constructing tunnel is to surrounding environment（Especially close to buildings）Safety
Affecting laws, structure is included and represents tunnel relevant parameter, hydrogeological factor, four rule layers of building factor and management factors
System of Comprehensive Evaluation.
The parameters for tunnel includes edpth of tunnel, covers across when ground loss ratio；The hydrogeological factor includes friction
Angle, modulus of compressibility, cohesive strength and Poisson's ratio；The building factor includes building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of building
And proximity relations；The management factors includes difficulty of construction, managerial skills and monitoring measurement level.
Step 2, building the standard of evaluation index can open up cloud model.It is different from property according to the data source of evaluation index,
Grade classification is carried out using the theoretical initial data to each evaluation index can be opened up；Evaluation index is considered comprehensively in combination with cloud model
The randomness and ambiguity of gradational boundary, introduces entropyE nWith super entropyH eBuilding the standard of each index can open up cloud model.
Step 3, by objective and subjective synthetic approach the weight matrix of evaluation index is calculated.Integrated subjective step analysis
Method and objective entropy assessment, using formulaTry to achieve the comprehensive weight of evaluation index.Wherein,Expression passes through
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index,Expression obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index by entropy assessment.
Step 4, is passed through by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and combining assessment index weightses
Weighted mean method draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated.Using cloud degree of association formula, meter
Calculate the degree of association matrix of object to be evaluated, and the weighted value with reference to evaluation index draws the synthesis of object to be evaluated using weighted mean method
Safety evaluation grade K.Wherein,For the actual value of object to be evaluated,WithThe expectation of matching cloud model is represented respectively
Value and standard deviation areNormal random number,It is object value to be evaluatedBelong to the degree of association of the cloud model.
Step 5, weighs the reliability of safety evaluation grade.To eliminate stochastic uncertainty present in calculating process, lead to
Cross the multiple results of Safety Integrity Level that object to be evaluated is obtained after m repetitive operation（K 1, K 2, ..., K m）, calculating tries to achieve
The desired value of comprehensive safety opinion ratingE x(K) and entropyE n(K), propose to adopt the confidence in security factor
Weigh the reliability of evaluation result.
The invention has the advantages that.
（1）The present invention directly can carry out the evaluation of objective and fair using initial data, in eliminating classical secrecy assessment
Data normalization processing procedure, it is to avoid the information being likely to occur is lost and subjective factors interference, with calculate it is simple and direct it is practical,
As a result accurately and reliably the advantages of, for Construction of City Tunnel general safety evaluation has larger reference and promotion price
Value.
（2）The present invention is repeated several times calculating and eliminates stochastic uncertainty present in comprehensive assessment result by employing,
And the reliability of evaluation result is weighed in proposition with CF, the uncertain boundary condition of engineering practice is taken into full account,
Meet cognition custom of the people to level of security, with advanced and practicality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is method of the present invention step schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of assessment indicator system.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment provides close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel, and with Wuhan subway river is got over
As a example by the safety evaluation of tunnel close to buildings along the line, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprise the steps.
Step one, builds assessment indicator system.Fusion constructing metro tunnel standard criterion, design and construction handbook and science and technology text
Priori and the engineering experience such as offer, summary and induction constructing tunnel is to surrounding environment（Especially close to buildings）Safety
Affecting laws, as shown in figure 1, building and including tunnel relevant parameter, hydrogeological factor, building factor and management factors are represented
The System of Comprehensive Evaluation of four rule layers.
Theory analysis and a large amount of engineering experiences are it was verified that the parameters for tunnel includes edpth of tunnel, covers across when stratum
Loss late；The hydrogeological factor includes angle of friction, modulus of compressibility, cohesive strength and Poisson's ratio；The building factor includes
Building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of building and proximity relations；The management factors includes difficulty of construction, managerial skills
And monitoring measurement level.Aforementioned 14 evaluation indexes be respectively divided into 5 safe classes " 1,2,3,4,5 " and its it is corresponding it is double about
Beam interval [Cmin, Cmax].Level of security is higher, reflects that the safe condition of evaluation index is poorer, as shown in table 1.
The evaluation index safety status classification of table 1 and its value scope
Step 2, building the standard of evaluation index can open up cloud model.It is different from property according to the data source of evaluation index,
Grade classification is carried out using the theoretical initial data to each evaluation index can be opened up；Simultaneously using cloud model reduction evaluation index classification
The stochastic uncertainty that the interval boundary value of level restriction is present.Calculated by the conversion relational expression of interval number and normal cloud model
Go out the desired value of evaluation index cloud modelE x, entropyE n, super entropyH e.The standard normal cloud model computing formula of every evaluation index
Such as formula（1）It is shown.Formula（1）In, s is constant, can be adjusted according to probabilistic actual conditions of corresponding evaluation index, excellent
Select 0.002,C maxWithC minRespectively standard can open up the left boundary value and right boundary value of cloud model.Therefore must apply to tunnel
The standard normal cloud model of 14 safety evaluation indexs of work close to buildings, as a result as shown in table 2,
（1）.
The evaluation index standard normal cloud model of table 2
Step 3, by objective and subjective synthetic approach the weight matrix of evaluation index is calculated.Obtained by analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Every evaluation indexc i(i=1,2 ..., weighted value n) is, for reflecting the subjective judgement for evaluating expert.Meanwhile, lead to
Crossing the weighted value that entropy assessment obtains is, for reflecting the intrinsic information of each evaluation object.By formula（2）Both are merged becomes
One synthetic weights weight values.Whole weighted value result of calculations constitute the weight matrix of every evaluation indexW, such as formula（3）It is shown,
（2）,
W=[w 1, w 2,…,w n]T（3）.
Step 4, is passed through by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and combining assessment index weightses
Weighted mean method draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated.Object to be evaluated is usedPRepresent,p i (i=1,2 ... n) it is object to be evaluatedPWith regard toiItem evaluation indexc i Value, i.e., the actual value of each index of object to be evaluated, such as formula（4）It is shown.TheiItem index
Actual valuep i A water dust can be considered, it is located at the with the indexjThe normal state of level security grade can open up cloud model (E xij,E nij,H eij) between the degree of association useq ij（i=1,2,3 ..., n；j=1,2,3,4,5）Represent, computing formula such as formula（5）Institute
Show.Wherein,Be withE xijFor desired value, withH eijThe random number of Normal Distribution produced by standard deviation.QExpression is treated
The degree of association matrix of object is commented, such as formula（6）It is shown,
（4）,
（5）,
（6）.
With reference to the weight matrix of each index of security assessmentWAnd the degree of association matrix of object to be evaluatedQ, by formula（7）Can
Obtain the overall merit vector of object to be evaluatedB.Comprehensive safety opinion rating K of object to be evaluated is drawn using weighted mean method, its
Computing formula such as formula（8）It is shown.Wherein,f j(j=1,2,3,4,5) it is in safe class for object to be evaluatedjEvaluation score
Value, successively value is 1,2,3,4,5 to the corresponding fraction of safe class 1 ~ 5,
（7）,
（8）.
Step 5, weighs the reliability of safety evaluation grade.The degree of association matrix of object to be evaluatedQDeposit in calculating process
In certain randomness, the comprehensive safety opinion rating that object to be evaluated can be tried to achieve after m repetitive operation is presented multiple results
（K 1, K 2, ..., K m）.M values are general empirically to can use 1000.Formula is used respectively（9）With（10）Comprehensive safety is tried to achieve in calculating
The desired value of opinion ratingE x(K) and entropyE n(K).Wherein,E x(K) object comprehensive safety evaluation to be evaluated etc. can be represented
The average level of level,E n(K) it is to assessment result decentralization for the entropy of comprehensive safety opinion rating after m repetitive operation
Measurement, the bigger evaluation result of its value more disperses.Proposition adopts CFWeigh the reliability of evaluation result
Property.Wherein,For the CF of comprehensive safety evaluation result after m repetitive operation, for weighing the reliability of evaluation result
Property,Value is bigger, represents that the central tendency of evaluation result is more obvious, and confidence level is bigger, on the contrary the then confidence level of evaluation result
It is less,
（9）,
（10）,
（11）.
Investigated and analysed for Wuhan cross-river tunnel 10 adjacent piles buildings of line of project, according to building above
Comprehensive safety assessment indicator system, the evaluation index actual value of tunnel 10 close to buildings along the line is as shown in table 3.
The evaluation index actual value of the Wuhan cross-river tunnel of table 3 close to buildings along the line
According to abovementioned steps, the Integral safety evaluation grade and its confidence level of Wuhan cross-river tunnel 10 solitary building along the line because
The result of calculation of son is as shown in table 4.From the point of view of risk ranking, 9#, 10# building risk phase present in tunnel construction environment
Work as height, need the enough attention for causing construction party, and take corresponding reinforcement measure, formulate emergency preplan and monitoring and early warning measure.
Meanwhile, the CF θ of each solitary building overall merit level results is sufficiently close to 1, shows the confidence level of evaluation result
It is higher, further demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of safe evaluation method proposed by the invention.
The Wuhan cross-river tunnel of table 4 building Safety Integrity Level along the line and reliability assessment result
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, some improvement and modification can also be made, these are improved and modification
Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step one, builds assessment indicator system；
Step 2, building the standard of evaluation index can open up cloud model, and it is that utilization can be opened up and theoretical evaluation referred to that standard can open up cloud model
Mark carries out grade classification, and with reference to cloud model by desired valueE x, entropyE n, super entropyH eEvaluate to be defined after randomness and ambiguity and comment
Valency Index grading boundary；
Step 3, by objective and subjective synthetic approach the weight matrix of evaluation index is calculated；
Step 4, by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and combining assessment index weightses are by weighting
The method of average draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated；
Step 5, weighs the reliability of safety evaluation grade；
Especially, the formula of the cloud degree of association described in step 4 is, wherein,p i (i=1,2,…
N) it is object to be evaluatedPWith regard toiItem evaluation indexc i Value, i.e., the actual value of each index of object to be evaluated,iItem index
Actual valuep i It is considered a water dust, it is located at the with the indexjThe normal state of level security grade can open up cloud model (E xij,E nij,H eij) between the degree of association useq ijRepresent,E xijIt is the desired value of the cloud model,E nijIt is entropy,H eijIt is super entropy,
Be withE xijFor desired value, withH eijThe random number of Normal Distribution produced by standard deviation,q ij（i=1,2,3 ..., n；j =
1,2,3,4,5）It is object value to be evaluatedBelonging to standard can open up the degree of association of cloud model.
2. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Evaluation index described in step one includes parameters for tunnel, hydrogeological factor, building factor and management factors.
3. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 2, its feature exists
In：The parameters for tunnel includes edpth of tunnel, covers across when ground loss ratio；The hydrogeological factor includes angle of friction, pressure
Contracting modulus, cohesive strength and Poisson's ratio；The building factor includes building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of building and neighbour
Nearly relation；The management factors includes difficulty of construction, managerial skills and monitoring measurement level.
4. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Objective and subjective synthetic approach described in step 3 is integrated subjective analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and objective entropy assessment, using formulaObtain evaluation indexc i(i=1,2 ..., comprehensive weight n), wherein,Represent theiIndividual evaluation indexc iComprehensive weight,Represent and obtain the by analytic hierarchy process (AHP)iIndividual evaluation indexc iWeighted value,Represent and pass through entropy weight
Method obtainsiIndividual evaluation indexc iWeighted value.
5. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Step 5 is specifically by the multiple results of Safety Integrity Level that object to be evaluated is obtained after m repetitive operation（K 1, K 2,
..., K m）, it is calculated the desired value of comprehensive safety opinion ratingE x(K) and entropyE n(K), using confidence in security because
SonWeigh the reliability of evaluation result.
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