CN103088750B - Especial-big span suspension bridge of uniparted hyperboloid space rope net main cable and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Especial-big span suspension bridge of uniparted hyperboloid space rope net main cable and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种单叶双曲面空间索网主缆的特大跨径悬索桥，利用单叶双曲面的直纹特性，改革传统悬索桥的竖向平行缆索体系，将粗重的集中缆索，改为分散的空间钢丝缆索，多股钢丝缆索空间交叉布置，固定空间索网主缆交叉节点，形成单叶双曲面形式的空间缆索体系，设置椭圆形钢结构加强环圈梁，安装吊杆和加劲梁，设置门式刚性中央扣，建造一种单叶双曲面空间缆索体系的特大跨径悬索桥。本发明的新型空间缆索体系悬索桥，具有跨越能力强、空间结构刚度大、扭弯频率比值高和抗风稳定性好等优点。新型空间主缆体系悬索桥可从根本上解决大跨径悬索桥抗风稳定性问题，可用于跨海连岛的工程，建造3000～5000米的特大跨径海峡悬索桥。
The invention provides a super-large-span suspension bridge with a single-leaf hyperboloid space cable net main cable, which utilizes the straight grain characteristics of the single-leaf hyperboloid to reform the vertical parallel cable system of the traditional suspension bridge, and replace the thick and heavy concentrated cables with scattered ones. Space steel wire cables, multi-strand steel wire cables space cross arrangement, fixed space cable network main cable cross nodes, form a space cable system in the form of a single leaf hyperboloid, set oval steel structure to strengthen ring beams, install suspenders and stiffening beams, set The portal-type rigid central buckle is used to construct a super-long-span suspension bridge with a single-leaf hyperboloid space cable system. The novel space cable system suspension bridge of the present invention has the advantages of strong spanning capacity, high space structure rigidity, high torsional bending frequency ratio, good wind resistance stability and the like. The new space main cable system suspension bridge can fundamentally solve the problem of wind resistance stability of long-span suspension bridges, and can be used in cross-sea and island-connecting projects to build 3,000-5,000-meter super-long-span suspension bridges across the strait.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of civil engineering, relate to a kind of building technology of large-span suspension bridge, relate in particular to a kind of large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable.
Background technology
Suspension bridge is the strongest bridge type of span ability in the world, and 1000 meters of bridges with upper span are all suspension bridges substantially.1998, Japan built up the alum straits suspension bridge across 1991 meters, footpath, world rankings first.2009, China built up the Zhoushan western watchtower in ancient times door suspension bridge across 1650 meters, footpath, world rankings second.2010,11,700,000,000 dollars of Italian government plan costs, building main span footpath is the Messina straits suspension bridge of 3300 meters, to connect Italian continent and Sicanian traffic.Building Qiongzhou Strait bridge is Chinese's dreams for many years, 2012, and Chinese Government's plan cost 1,400 hundred million RMB, building main span footpath is the combined large-span suspension bridge in Qiongzhou Strait of 3500 left and right rice, to connect the traffic on China's Mainland and island, Hainan.At present, start in the world one construction upsurge that connects island bridge over strait, in order to meet the steamer navigation requirement of 2 50 tons, for fear of building the huge deep-sea deep water foundation of cost, need to build 3000～5000m across the strait Bridge in footpath.
The modal cable arrangement form of suspension bridge is parallel cable system, has two vertical parallel rope face systems that formed with suspension rod by main push-towing rope.Traditional vertical parallel cable system suspension bridge has the advantages that vertical bearing capacity is strong, can undertake superstructure weight and vehicular load across footpath 3000～5000m suspension bridge, but, because vertical parallel cable system lateral rigidity is poor, torsional rigidity is poor, can not meet 3000～5000m greatly across the wind resisting stability requirement of straits, footpath suspension bridge.
Along with improving constantly of suspension bridge bridge design and construction level, constantly the refreshing across footpath record of modern suspension, suspension bridge structure is increasingly softly changed.The suspended span subject matter of bringing that increases substantially is the sharply decline of suspension bridge structure space rigidity, vertical parallel cable system suspension bridge is very responsive to the effect of wind load, anti-wind problems becomes increasingly conspicuous, this makes wind-induced vibration more important on the impact of large-span suspension bridge safety, and affect the large-span suspension bridge wind the most key factor of performance of shaking, it is exactly wind resisting stability, it is the flutter stability of suspension bridge, improving wind resisting stability can be an important topic in large-span suspension bridge design, structure flutter stability under wind effect has become affects the key factor that large-span suspension bridge is built.
Improve large-span suspension bridge wind resisting stability and can should take raising suspension bridge structural system integral rigidity as main, take and control suspension bridge vibration characteristics and improve the means such as section pneumatic performance as auxiliary.The rigidity of structure of large-span suspension bridge mainly comes from main push-towing rope, and the starting point that improves suspension bridge structural entity rigidity should be placed on and increase on main push-towing rope space stiffness.Therefore,, at bridge engineering circle, in order to build the large span island suspension bridge that connects over strait of 3000～5000m, need the large span suspension bridge form of structure of the new spatial cable system that a kind of wind resisting stability is strong badly.
The hyperboloid of one sheet and hyperbolic paraboloid are typical Quadric rvler surfaces, its curved surface can form by You Liang family straight line, Quadric rvler surface has a significant application value architectural, usually with it, form the skeleton of building, the building that application ruled surface is built, has good mechanical property, and construction technology is simple, more for convenience, its facade is beautiful and firm in structure for the straight-line prestressed steel wire of stretch-draw.Many bulk storage plants, concert hall, the roofing profile of sports palace building adopts hyperbolic paraboloid saddle-shaped exactly, by straight line stretch-draw prestressing force steel wire, reaches the requirement of large span roof structural bearing capacity.Utilize the straight burr of the hyperboloid of one sheet, the crosspoint of Jiang Liang family straight line firmly links together, will obtain a very lightly and very firm building, the conventional profile of huge cooling tower of power plant is exactly the hyperboloid of one sheet, the rattan gaily decorated basket is also usually applied hyperboloid of one sheet profile, and the Guangzhou TV transmission tower of 600 meters high " little rough waist " is exactly to utilize the straight burr principle of the hyperboloid of one sheet to build.
Use for reference the Structural Tectonics of Tibet, China Motuo Teng bridge, according to " stretching integral " large-span structure design concept, utilize the straight burr characteristic of the hyperboloid of one sheet, build Spatial Cable net, form the Spatial cable systems of hyperboloid of one sheet form, the crossover node of fixed space rope net main push-towing rope, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is set, improve the space stiffness of cable system, adopt gate-type steel work rigidity central authorities button, strengthen closing property of the lotus root effect of cable of space cable and stiff girder, suspension rod and stiff girder bridge deck are finally installed, build a kind of large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the large span suspension bridge that the invention provides the hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable that a kind of structure space rigidity is large, span ability is strong, wind resisting stability is good.Straight burr characteristic according to the hyperboloid of one sheet, the vertical parallel cable system of reform traditional suspension bridge, big and heavy concentrated cable is changed into the space steel wire cable of dispersion, the space crossed layout of steel wire strand cable, to build the large span straits suspension bridge of 3000～5000m.
Technical scheme: the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention, comprise a mesh space main push-towing rope, bridge tower, steel ring tower head, suspension rod, put more energy into girder steel and anchorage, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is connected with steel ring tower head as the main push-towing rope of suspension bridge, steel ring tower head is arranged on bridge tower top, the girder steel of putting more energy into is suspended in a below for mesh space main push-towing rope by suspension rod, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope forms by several steel wire cables are space crossed, its steric configuration is the sealing bobbin shape rope net of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable vertical formation off the net, the steel wire cable of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is through the reserving hole on steel ring tower head, the two ends of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope are anchored among anchorage.Along suspension bridge, the oval steel perimeter beam of multiple tracks is longitudinally set in cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope, the steel wire cable of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is also fixedly connected with it through oval steel perimeter beam, the upper end of suspension rod is fixed on oval steel perimeter beam, and suspension rod lower end is connected with the girder steel of putting more energy into.At suspension bridge zone line, be provided with several gate-type rigidity central authorities button, gate-type rigidity central authorities detain end and are connected with the girder steel of putting more energy into, and these gate-type rigidity central authorities buckle end and are connected with oval steel perimeter beam.
The construction method of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The first step: excavation pit, construction bridges basis, bridge tower, steel ring tower head and the anchorage of construction suspension bridge;
Second step: setting up drag cable and building behind temporary construction cat road, according to hyperboloid of one sheet equation, measure accurately and setting-out, the space crossed layout of multiply cable, the steel wire cable of pull cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is through the reserving hole of steel ring tower head, and employing ground tackle is anchored in cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope among anchorage, sets up a mesh space main push-towing rope, carry out, after the tight cable work and linear adjustment of cable of space cable, adopting the crosspoint of U-shaped fixture stationary magazine creel mesh space main push-towing rope;
The 3rd step: the oval steel perimeter beam transportation of ectonexine form of structure is put in place, oval steel perimeter beam is installed, adopt fixture that cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is firmly connected with oval steel perimeter beam, inside at oval steel perimeter beam arranges type steel support, form lateral stiffness section, strengthen the space stiffness of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope;
The 4th step: the upper end of suspension rod is firmly arranged on the hanger of oval steel perimeter beam, lifts the girder steel of putting more energy into and put in place, the girder steel of putting more energy into is fixedly connected on to the lower end of suspension rod;
The 5th step: at suspension bridge bridge zone line, gate-type rigidity central authorities button is installed, the lower end of gate-type rigidity central authorities button is connected with the girder steel of putting more energy into, upper end is connected with oval steel perimeter beam, the collaborative work ability of strengthening cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope and the girder steel of putting more energy into, improves wind resisting stability, and railing and deck paving are finally installed, form the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, build the large span straits suspension bridge of 3000～5000m.
Along with the continuous increase of suspended span, corner frequency and the torsional frequency of parallel cable system large-span suspension bridge are near each other, and large-span suspension bridge structure critical wind speed of flutter reduces.The critical wind speed of flutter of large-span suspension bridge is relevant with twist and warping frequency ratio to the torsional frequency of suspension cable bridge, and adopting Spatial cable systems suspension bridge is to improve the large the most effective method of flutter stability across suspension bridge.The structural entity rigidity of large-span suspension bridge is mainly derived from cable system stiffness, parallel cable system suspension bridge is changed into hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, can increase substantially lateral resisting rigidity and the torsional rigidity of large-span suspension bridge, can increase torsional frequency and the torsional frequency ratio of large-span suspension bridge structure, improve large-span suspension bridge flutter stability.Adopt gate-type steel work rigidity central authorities button, cable of space cable and stiff girder are linked together, the twisting vibration of the twisting vibration of stiff girder and Spatial cable systems can be coupled together to a certain extent, the twisting vibration of cable of space cable and stiff girder can be coupled together to a certain extent with side direction horizontal vibration, reach the object that improves large-span suspension bridge structure torsional rigidity and torsional frequency, strengthen the wind resisting stability energy of large-span suspension bridge.
The hyperboloid of one sheet is a kind of typical ruled surface, its curved surface can You Liang family straight line form, ruled surface has a significant application value architectural, usually with it, forms the skeleton of building.Hyperboloid of one sheet straight burr grid system exists many crossover nodes, is connected and fixed these crosspoints, can improve the globality of hyperboloid of one sheet spatial cable structure system.Adopt hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable as large-span suspension bridge weight cable, can improve the space structures rigidity of large-span suspension bridge, increase lateral resisting rigidity, torsional rigidity and the torsional frequency of suspension bridge structure, improve large-span suspension bridge flutter stability.
In order to strengthen space stiffness and the globality of Spatial cable systems, in hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, configure oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam adopts ectonexine assembling type steel structure ring beam to form, ectonexine steel ring beam adopts clamp, outer shroud collar tie beam hangs upper strata cable net, and interior ring beam hangs lower net cable net.Oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam structure arranges hanger, can facilitate the installation of three-dimensional suspension rod, guarantees the common stressed work of stiff girder bridge deck and Spatial cable systems.
The large Spatial cable systems profile across footpath hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge as smart as a new pin, face shaping is as little rough waist, hyperboloid of one sheet horizontal section is one group of ellipse, the hyperboloid of one sheet can be regarded as and consists of series of parallel ellipse, middle waist location ellipse is the most tiny, and it is large that two ends oval cross section becomes gradually.The equation of the side direction section of the hyperboloid of one sheet is hyperbola, hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems side is the curved surface rope net of symmetrical indent, just as wind cable, to hauling, catch hold of oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam mutually tightly, the Spatial cable systems of hyperboloid of one sheet shape can provide cable horizontal component, the huge wind action of opposing straits environment, guarantees large-span suspension bridge structure lateral stability, improves large-span suspension bridge wind loading rating.
In order to improve large-span suspension bridge wind resisting stability, span centre region at large-span suspension bridge, several steel work gate-type rigidity button is set, the structural element such as cable of space cable, oval steel work ring beam and steel stiff girder are connected in one, can increase large-span suspension bridge structural integrity, the twisting vibration of the twisting vibration of stiff girder and Spatial cable systems can be coupled together to a certain extent, further improve the space torsional rigidity of suspension bridge structure.
The present invention is according to " stretching integral " large-span structure design concept, straight burr characteristic according to the hyperboloid of one sheet, according to the stressed needs of wind resisting stability of large span straits suspension bridge, the vertical parallel cable system of reform traditional suspension bridge, by big and heavy concentrated cable, change the space steel wire cable of dispersion into, the space crossed layout of steel wire strand cable, form the netted suspended-cable structure system of cable of space cable of hyperboloid of one sheet form, fixed space cable crossover node, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is set, portal frame rigidity central authorities are set to be linked and connects cable of space cable and stiff girder, increase large-span suspension bridge structural integrity, improve torsional rigidity and the lateral resisting rigidity of Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, suspension rod and stiff girder bridge deck are installed, build a kind of large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable, fundamentally solve large-span suspension bridge wind resisting stability problem, meet the technical requirements of the large span straits suspension bridge of building 3000～5000m.
Beneficial effect: the present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
Along with the development that connects island engineering construction upsurge over strait, constantly the increasing across footpath of straits suspension bridge, suspension bridge structure is increasingly softly changed, and structures under wind stability has become the key factor that affects large-span suspension bridge construction.
The present invention is according to " stretching integral " large-span structure design concept, utilize the straight burr characteristic of the hyperboloid of one sheet, the vertical parallel cable system of reform traditional suspension bridge, adopt hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable net main-cable system, by big and heavy concentrated cable, change the space steel wire cable of dispersion into, the space crossed layout of steel wire strand cable, fixed space cable crossover node, form the netted suspended-cable structure system of cable of space cable of hyperboloid of one sheet form, build a kind of large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable.
Compare with traditional vertical parallel cable system suspension bridge, the netted suspended-cable structure system of hyperboloid of one sheet cable of space cable has increased the space stiffness of large-span suspension bridge, torsional rigidity and the lateral resisting rigidity of large-span suspension bridge have been improved, improved the torsional frequency of suspension bridge, increased the twist and warping frequency ratio of suspension bridge, the critical wind speed of flutter of large-span suspension bridge improves greatly, can fundamentally solve large-span suspension bridge wind resistance flutter stability problem.
In hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, every 30～40 meters of left and right, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is together set, has strengthened space stiffness and the globality of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, guarantee the collaborative work of each strand of steel wire cable of Spatial cable systems.Oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam adopts ectonexine steel ring beam loop type, ectonexine steel ring beam clamp, and cycle beam hangs upper strata cable net, and interior collar tie beam hangs lower net cable net.Oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is set, can strengthens the torsional rigidity of Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, improve the critical wind speed of flutter of large-span suspension bridge, improve Spatial cable systems suspension bridge wind resisting stability energy.
Flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam is set, be conducive to hanger erection construction, at the span centre place of suspension bridge, flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam breadth of section is 3/4～4/5 bridge deck width, intilted suspension rod can be set and hold stiff girder, be conducive to improve large-span suspension bridge flutter stability; In bridge tower position, flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam breadth of section is the bridge deck width of 2～3 times, outward-dipping suspension rod can be set and hold stiff girder, is conducive to improve the anti-quiet wind performance of large-span suspension bridge.
The face shaping of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable net main-cable system suspension bridge is as little rough kidney-shaped shape, Spatial cable systems side is the curved surface rope net of symmetrical indent, the Spatial Cable net of hyperboloid of one sheet shape is just as wind cable, to hauling, catch hold of oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam mutually tightly, hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems has larger lateral resisting rigidity, Spatial Cable host's cable can provide cable horizontal component, therefore, large-span suspension bridge has the quiet wind load ability of very large anti-side direction, can resist the huge wind action in area, straits, can guarantee large-span suspension bridge structure lateral stability.
At the zone line of large-span suspension bridge, several gate-type steel work rigidity central authorities button is set, strengthen closing property of the lotus root effect of cable of space cable and stiff girder, strengthen the collaborative work ability of cable of space cable and stiff girder, increase large-span suspension bridge structural integrity.Gate-type rigidity central authorities button is set, the twisting vibration of the twisting vibration of stiff girder and Spatial cable systems can be coupled together to a certain extent, the twisting vibration of cable of space cable and stiff girder is coupled together to a certain extent with side direction horizontal vibration, improve large-span suspension bridge structure torsional rigidity, torsional frequency and twist and warping frequency ratio, increase the damping of large-span suspension bridge structure, change large-span suspension bridge vibration characteristics, improve critical wind speed of flutter, improve large-span suspension bridge wind resisting stability.
Hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge of the present invention has the advantages such as span ability is strong, structure space rigidity is large, wind resisting stability is good, can fundamentally solve large span suspension bridge wind resistance flutter stability problem, to build the large span straits suspension bridge of 3000～5000m.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the full-bridge schematic three dimensional views of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the bridge tower place schematic three dimensional views of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the Anchor Foundation schematic diagram of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the span centre generalized section of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is 1/4 generalized section of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the configuration schematic diagram of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable net.
In figure, have: cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1; Bridge tower 2; Steel ring tower head 3; Oval steel perimeter beam 4; Suspension rod 5; The girder steel 6 of putting more energy into; Gate-type rigidity central authorities button 7, anchorage 8.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is done further and illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
The large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention, comprise a mesh space main push-towing rope 1, bridge tower 2, steel ring tower head 3, oval steel perimeter beam 4, suspension rod 5, the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into, gate-type rigidity central authorities button 7 and anchorage 8, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 is to form by several steel wire cables are space crossed, its steric configuration is the sealing bobbin shape rope net of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable vertical formation off the net, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 main push-towing rope as Ultra-Long Spans suspension bridge, steel ring tower head 3 is the top of bridge tower 2 fixedly, the steel wire cable of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 is through the reserving hole on steel ring tower head 3, be anchored among anchorage 8, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 longitudinally arranges the oval steel perimeter beam 4 of multiple tracks along suspension bridge, the upper end of suspension rod 5 is fixed on oval steel perimeter beam 4, the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into is suspended in a below for mesh space main push-towing rope 1 by suspension rod 5 and oval steel perimeter beam 4, at suspension bridge zone line, several gate-type rigidity central authorities button 7 is set, the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into is fixed in gate-type rigidity central authorities button 7 lower ends, upper end is connected with oval steel perimeter beam 4, strengthen the structural integrity of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 and the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into.
Embodiment 2:
The construction method of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The first step: base area quality shape, geomorphologic conditions and navigation requirement, carry out the bridge site selection of large span straits suspension bridge, excavation pit, construction bridges basis, builds bridge tower 2, steel ring tower head 3 and the anchorage 8 of large span straits suspension bridge;
Second step: setting up drag cable and building behind temporary construction cat road, according to hyperboloid of one sheet equation, measure accurately and setting-out, the space crossed layout of multiply cable, traction steel wire cable, through steel ring tower head 3 reserving holes, is anchored in anchorage 8 bases, sets up a mesh space main push-towing rope 1, carry out after the tight cable work and linear adjustment of cable of space cable the crosspoint of stationary magazine creel mesh space main push-towing rope 1;
The 3rd step: the oval steel perimeter beam 4 of transportation ectonexine form of structure puts in place, oval steel perimeter beam 4 is installed, adopt fixture that cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 is firmly connected with oval steel perimeter beam 4, inside at oval steel perimeter beam 4 arranges type steel support, form multiple tracks lateral stiffness section, strengthen the space stiffness of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1;
The 4th step: the upper end of suspension rod 5 is firmly arranged on the hanger of oval steel perimeter beam 4, lifts the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into and put in place, the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into is fixedly connected on to the lower end of suspension rod 5;
The 5th step: at large-span suspension bridge zone line, gate-type rigidity central authorities button 7 is installed, strengthen the collaborative work ability of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope 1 and the girder steel 6 of putting more energy into, improve wind resisting stability, railing and deck paving are finally installed, form the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, build the large span straits suspension bridge of 3000～5000m.
Embodiment 3:
Certain strait Bridge is a combined large span suspension bridge, main span footpath is 3600m, bridge floor overall with 60m, dividing of suspension bridge is 1200m+3600m+1200m across footpath, bridge floor both sides are unidirectional 3 tracks of highway part, bridge floor mid portion is twin track railway, in order to meet wind resisting stability requirement, adopts the bridge type of the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable.Bridge tower is door pillar formula bridge tower, and bridge tower is high is 420 meters, and bridge tower is reinforced concrete composite structure, and king-post is 18 * 15 meters of square-sections, and 5 road rigid beams are set in king-post, and pylon foundation is 2 circular continuous underground wall structures.Anchorage adopts Reinforced Concrete structure, and prism bodily form anchorage can make anchorage embed the soil body.Bridge tower structural top arranges oval steel ring tower head, and steel ring tower head major axis dimension is 120 meters, and minor axis dimension is 60 meters.Main rope of suspension bridge adopts hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, the space crossed layout of steel wire cable, the steel wire cable of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is through the reserving hole on steel ring tower head, be anchored among anchorage, this bridge cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope is comprised of 32 cables, adopts Prefabricated parallel cable strand method (PPWS method) technique, adopts the φ 5.2mm high tensile steel wire of 1800MPa, cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope steel wire consumption is 32 * 61 strand * 127 thread, and every cables diameter is 45.8cm.Oval steel perimeter beam is to consist of a series of oval steel ring beams not of uniform size, in the middle of bridge, waist location ellipse is the most tiny, and two ends oval cross section becomes greatly gradually, and in the middle of bridge, the oval steel ring beam major axis dimension of waist location is 40 meters, minor axis dimension is, 20 meters.This bridge bridge floor arranges the two groups of compressor wire suspension rods in left and right, and suspension rod spacing is 30 meters, amounts to 2 * 120 suspension rods.Stiff girder adopts steel truss type stiff girder, and steel truss is high is 12 meters.The zone line of suspension bridge arranges 5 road rigidity central authorities and detains, and adopts the buckle-shaped formula of steel work gate-type rigidity, further strengthens the globality of cylinder mesh space main push-towing rope and the girder steel of putting more energy into.
The large span suspension bridge construction technological process of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable of the present invention is: large-span suspension bridge addressing---bridge tower construction---anchorage construction---Spatial cable systems construction---oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is installed---suspension rod is installed---lifting stiff girder---rigidity central authorities are installed to be buckled---deck paving etc.In the large span suspension bridge construction operation of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, must be noted that promptly to grab thin each link, Specific construction technology point is as follows:
(1) large-span suspension bridge addressing
Suspension bridge is Large Span Bridges, should carry out contrast of multiple-schemes analysis, carries out technical and economical analysis and research.Large-span suspension bridge bridge site selection should consider the aspect requirements such as the hydrology, landform, atural object, landforms and engineering geology, and the long-term planning requirement of navigation aspect should be considered in navigation section.Bridge position shadow may be located at that river course is straight as far as possible, main flow is stable, riverbed can be passed through compared with on the section of central flow, and suspension bridge bridge location should be chosen in compare Zhai location, river course.Suspension bridge belongs to Large Span Bridges, and bridge tower and anchorage position need good geological conditions, and it is single that suspension bridge bridge should be located at geological structure, Rock Mass Stability, and basement rock buries more shallow, and soil layer is solid, the location that geology is good.Suspension bridge should not be located at the defective sectors such as tomography, landslide, solution cavity, salinized soil and mire, should avoid fault belt, particularly has in the recent period movable earthquake fault band.
Across straits, footpath suspension bridge, should make full use of marine island greatly, can segmentation bridge construction.Gorge over strait suspension bridge should adopt the large suspension bridge across footpath as far as possible, meets navigation channel demand for development, also avoids building in deep water bridge pier simultaneously as far as possible.The gorge over strait suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems should select bridge two sides to have solid Rock Site, so that employing Compound Tunnel Anchorage, utilizes Prestressed Rock Anchor, the anchored force of performance deep layer rock, reduce construction costs, guarantee that cable anchoring is safe and reliable.
(2) bridge tower construction
The height of large-span suspension bridge bridge tower is conventionally more than 100 meters, belong to tall and slender structure category, bridge tower is the important primary structure member of large-span suspension bridge, bearing the vertical loads such as main push-towing rope weight, bridge deck weight and vehicular load, king-post must have powerful resistance to compression supporting capacity, and king-post basis must be solid and reliable.Meanwhile, tall and big Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge is being born huge wind load and geological process power, therefore, should guarantee that Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge has powerful side direction supporting capacity.
The common transversary form of Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge is firm structure formula, truss-like and the form such as hybrid, and just structure formula profile is lucid and lively succinct, easy construction, and just structure formula bridge tower has been applicable to 1500 meters across the suspension bridge bridge below footpath; Truss-like bridge tower has the flat weight bearing power of larger water resistant, but cross support brace constructional difficulties, truss-like bridge tower is applicable to 2000 meters across suspension bridge bridge more than footpath.Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge vertical structure form common are I font, A font and the form such as chevron shaped, and I font bridge tower form is simple, and easy construction is applicable to across the following single-span suspension bridge bridge in 2000 meters, footpath; A font and chevron shaped bridge tower longitudinal rigidity are large, and still, its constructional difficulties, is applicable to the middle tower of multispan multi-span suspension bridges or the more than 3000 meters single-span suspension bridge bridge tower across footpath.
Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge constructional materials classification has concrete structure, steel work and combining structure form, and it is large that concrete towers rod structure has Compressive Bearing Capacity, easy construction, the advantage such as cost is low and maintenance cost is low, but the construction period is long.In recent years, adopted the construction method of slip form concreting, the construction of concrete tower post becomes very convenient.Steel structure tower rod structure has that speed of application is fast, batch production is made in advance and the feature such as cross support construction is simple, but cost is higher.
The suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, the large span straits suspension bridge that is applicable to 3000～5000m, tower height more than bridge floor calculates across footpath according to 1/9～1/11, should be 280～500 meters, add 80～90 meters of the following headways of bridge floor, bridge tower height overall is about 360～580 meters.Therefore, the straits Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge engineering quantity of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems is huge, bridge tower structure stress is huge, the transversary form of suggestion adopts truss-like bridge tower, vertical structure form adopts A font or chevron shaped bridge tower, position, middle and lower part tower body adopts concrete-shaped steel combination structure building, and top bridge tower adopts steel work to build.
Large span straits suspension bridge adopts the netted cable system of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable, can strengthen the wind resisting stability of large-span suspension bridge, hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems cross section presents oval cross section form, therefore, bridge tower top arranges huge flat oval steel ring beam, supports hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems.Because hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems is greater than the width of bridge deck at the oval cross section width of bridge tower position, the large top across straits, footpath Construction of Pylon of Long Span Suspension Bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems can arrange one with the huge flat oval steel ring beam form of structure of outer cantilevered fashion, bridge tower top profile is just as being with electric power pylon, huge flat oval steel ring beam and the bridge tower king-post firm welding of the form of encorbelmenting.In huge flat oval steel ring beam, type steel support structure is set, guarantees the safety of flat oval steel ring beam structure stress, and pre-buried type is set turns to hollow steel pipe, substitute traditional saddle, to realize cable, at bridge tower place, turn to.The bridge tower of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems large-span suspension bridge should adopt four-column type A font bridge tower, adopts huge crossbeam to be connected with bearing diagonal between four posts.
(3) anchorage construction
Anchorage is the important composition member of suspension bridge, plays a part anchoring main push-towing rope, and it passes to ground by the pulling force in main push-towing rope, and the common form of Analysis of Suspension Bridges ' Anchorage is gravity anchor and tunnel-type anchorage.The vertical force component that gravity anchor relies on deadweight to resist main push-towing rope, the horizontal component of cable is resisted by the frictional resistance between anchorage and ground or build-in force.Early stage suspension bridge gravity anchor adopts steel frame anchor system more, and whole steel frame is cast in anchor block concrete, and main cable strand is corresponding with shaped steel pull bar, and this system steel using amount is large, and construction is complicated.Steel frame anchor system is progressively substituted by prestress anchoraging system, prestress anchoraging system consists of presstressed reinforcing steel and cable thigh connector, and main cable strand is connected power is given to anchor block with presstressed reinforcing steel by connector, and this system steel using amount is few, flexible arrangement, easy construction.
When there is firm basement rock suspension bridge two sides, can adopt tunnel-type anchorage, in basement rock, dig oblique tunnel, at tunnel bottom, anchor ingot plate is set, clog one section of wedge shape concrete circular cone as anchor block, can greatly save engineering quantity, reduce construction costs.
Hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge is generally used for large span straits suspension bridge, and cable tension is huge, needs huge anchorage anchor-hold, need to carry out science improvement to anchorage system.Suggestion adopts tunnel recombination formula anchorage system, makes full use of anchorage rear end country rock, utilizes Prestressed Rock Anchor to transfer the anchored force of deep layer rock, acting in conjunction together with the anchor block structure of Prestressed Rock Anchor and tunnel type cone shape.Compare with tunnel-type anchorage with traditional gravity anchor, anchorage structure has been given full play to the axial rigidity of Prestressed Rock Anchor, Prestressed Rock Anchor anchoring deep layer rock has greatly increased anchored force, can guarantee the anchoring requirement of new-type hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems galvanized wire for suspension bridge.
(4) Spatial cable systems construction
Main push-towing rope is the lifeline of suspension bridge, main push-towing rope is be suspended on king-tower and be anchored in the flexible supporting member in the anchorage at two ends by tower top cable saddle, by cable folder and suspension rod and stiff girder to link, main push-towing rope bears stiff girder dead load, vehicle mobile load, temperature load and beam wind load, and suffered load is delivered to tower top.
---the work such as---main push-towing rope sets up---cable that sets up cat road folder and hanger erection that the main working procedure that main rope of suspension bridge sets up is: set up dragline and drag cable.
Suspension bridge dragline set up that common employing seabed pulls method, float sets up the methods such as method, free suspension method and helicopter handling, then, utilize dragline to adopt the system that pulls of circulation reciprocating type to set up drag cable, set up cat road track cable.
The compositions such as structural system Shi Youmao road, suspension bridge cat road track cable, cat road surface layer, railing, horizontal overline bridge He Mao road wind cable.Suspension bridge cat road is important aerial corridor and job platform, for main push-towing rope steel wire strand pulling carrier, establishes, measures, adjusts rope, the tight cable of main push-towing rope, cord clip and hoist cable, main push-towing rope are installed are twined silk and protected working.During the construction of suspension bridge, be generally provided with Liang Gemao road.Each cat road each supply a side main cable construction required, and cat road width is generally about 4 meters of left and right.For strengthening the integral rigidity in cat road, and meet current needs, the horizontal overline bridge in cat road is in position set, cat road, both sides is communicated with.For improving the wind resisting stability in cat road and adjusting cat road surface layer shape, cat road wind resistance cable is set, wind resistance cable He Mao road, cat road track cable is connected by drag-line.
Suspension bridge sets up main push-towing rope method aerial spin processes (AS method) and Prefabricated parallel cable strand method (PPWS method), and it is comparatively advanced that wherein Prefabricated parallel cable strand main push-towing rope sets up method, and its effect, quality, precision are all high.Prefabricated parallel cable strand method is the strand of the parallel high tensile steel wire composition that is prefabricated in the factory to be transported to the mounting method in building site, 61,91,127, the steel wire of the every Shu Hanyou diameter of prefabricated strand 5.2mm, and two ends build-in hot-cast anchor head, its profile is regular hexagon.Utilize drag cable the upper tower of the traction of strand one by one, put into saddle and be connected with anchor pole.
Main cable strand traction method is divided into gantry type and pulls two kinds of device traction method and small rail car traction methods.Prefabricated main cable strand is connected with the device that pulls being installed on drag cable, by drive unit folding and unfolding, drag cable is driven pull device reciprocating through cat road door frame guide wheel group, tower top portal guide wheel group, anchorage door frame guide wheel group, steel wire strand is drawn and is taped against on cat road along cat road cylinder by root.In strand traction erection process, the at the uniform velocity traction of should trying one's best.
Main cable strand sets up its master operation: 1. thread traction is set up: utilization pulls facility and prefabricated thread pulled and set up by cat road, anchor head anchoring temporarily; 2. strand promotes traversing and enters saddle: after traction finishes, strand is mentioned from roller, and traversing to saddle top, after shaping, enter saddle; 3. the adjustment of strand sag: carried out the adjustment of strand sag when evening, temperature was stablized, the span centre relative elevation of the span centre absolute altitude of datum wire strand and non-datum wire strand is controlled to adjustment, 4. strand stretching force is adjusted, the formal anchoring of anchor head.
When the whole Strand Erections of main push-towing rope complete in place after, ensuing work is tight cable, its objective is in order to make main push-towing rope be compacted into circle, reaches the void content of designing requirement, to meet, cord clip requirement is installed.Tight cable work progress has just tight cable and formal tight two stages of cable.At the night of temperature stabilization, carry out the operation of pretension cable, utilize the instruments such as jack to carry out preliminary full circle to main push-towing rope, every spacing 5m ties up with interim steel band.After the operation of pretension cable completes, by lower (by span centre to the tower top) direction that hoists, utilize tight cable machine to carry out formal tight cable operation.After the tight cable of main push-towing rope, the work such as the installation, stiff girder that just can carry out cord clip, hoist cable installed, main push-towing rope twines silk and main push-towing rope is anticorrosion.
What hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge adopted is Spatial cable systems, and its cable construction precision requires higher.Can on traditional galvanized wire for suspension bridge erecting process basis, suitably reform, realize hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems erection construction.First, in the centre-height position of bridge tower place hyperboloid of one sheet cable of space cable, along one cat road of Large Span Bridges Y setting, as temporary construction shipping platform.Draw one by one on wire rope Dao Mao road, adopt lifting means, boom hoist cable, to the huge flat oval steel ring beam position of bridge tower, adopts ground tackle anchoring steel wire rope on bridge tower, the planar parallel steel wire rope group of formation cylindroid.Then, tilted direction moves wire rope position and ground tackle is anchored on bridge tower, forms the Steel Space wire rope net of hyperboloid of one sheet shape, and the crosspoint of connecting steel wire ropes space networks forms hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable net temporary construction transportation cat road.When building transportation cat road, bridge tower is the splay interim cable of configurable multiple tracks behind, so that bridge tower structure stress balance.Utilize the temporary construction transportation cat road of hyperboloid of one sheet Steel Space wire rope net, draw main cable strand one by one, the hollow steel pipe that turns to going out through bridge tower, the space crossed layout of steel wire strand cable, form hyperboloid of one sheet cable of space cable net, after all steel wire Strand Erection puts in place, by the tight cable of each main cable strand, it is circular cross-section, adopt U-shaped clip to be connected and fixed the crosspoint of main push-towing rope space networks, form hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is installed, cord clip is installed, suspension rod, lifting stiff girder, form the large span suspension bridge of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial Cable host cable.
The ruled surface Spatial cable systems profile of the hyperboloid of one sheet as smart as a new pin, face shaping is as little rough waist, hyperboloid of one sheet horizontal section is one group of ellipse, the hyperboloid of one sheet can be regarded as and consists of series of parallel ellipse, middle waist location ellipse is the most tiny, two ends oval cross section becomes greatly gradually, and the variable cross-section of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems arranges that cable form is to be very beneficial for large-span suspension bridge structures under wind stability.The equation of the side direction section of the hyperboloid of one sheet is hyperbola, hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems side is the curved surface rope net of symmetrical indent, just as wind cable, to hauling, catch hold of oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam mutually tightly, the Spatial cable systems of hyperboloid of one sheet shape can provide cable horizontal component, the huge wind action of opposing straits environment, guarantees large-span suspension bridge structure lateral stability, improves large-span suspension bridge wind loading rating.
(5) oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam is installed
In order to strengthen space stiffness and the globality of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, in order to ensure the collaborative work of each strand of steel wire cable of Spatial cable systems, in hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, every 30～40 meters of left and right, oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam should be set one, steel ring beam ring sectional dimension should adapt with hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems section, and suspension rod one end is fixed on steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam, to hang stiff girder.Oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam should adopt ectonexine steel ring beam loop type, ectonexine steel ring beam clamp, cycle beam hangs upper strata cable net, interior collar tie beam hangs lower net cable net, oval steel work reinforcing ring circle beam setting direction should be vertical with space networks cable cross section, guarantees to transmit suspension rod power to cable of space cable net.Inner at oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam, steel structure support rod member is set, to strengthen the rigidity of oval steel ring beam, reduce the stress of steel ring beam.
At the span centre place of suspension bridge, flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam breadth of section is preferably 3/4～4/5 bridge deck width, and in bridge tower position, flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam breadth of section is preferably the bridge deck width of 2～3 times, and each oval cross section depth-width ratio is preferably 1/2 left and right.Hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems net is in the minimum point of span centre position, and the height that leaves stiff girder bridge deck should be greater than 15 meters, to meet the driving headroom requirement on bridge.At suspension bridge zone line, intilted suspension rod is set and holds stiff girder, be conducive to improve large-span suspension bridge flutter stability; Bridge tower vicinity, arranges outward-dipping suspension rod and holds stiff girder, is conducive to improve the anti-quiet wind performance of large-span suspension bridge.Flat-shaped oval steel collar tie beam is set, is conducive to hanger erection, can strengthen the globality of Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, improve the space stiffness of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, improve Spatial cable systems suspension bridge wind resisting stability energy.
(6) suspension rod is installed
The suspension rod of suspension bridge is by stiff girder dead load and act on the member that mobile load on stiff girder passes to main push-towing rope, and its upper end is connected with cord clip, and lower end is connected with stiff girder.Suspension rod, according to its facade arrangement form, can be divided into traditional vertical suspension rod and oblique suspension rod, and tiltedly suspension rod has truss role effect, the longitudinal integral rigidity that has increased suspension bridge, can reduce amount of deflection, improves the natural frequency of flexural vibrations, reduce bridge up-down vibration and jolt, improve driving comfort level.Tiltedly suspension rod has relaxation effect, has increased the damping of structure, favourable to suspension bridge wind resistance antidetonation.But due to the truss effect of oblique suspension rod, the suspension rod STRESS VARIATION amplitude that mobile load causes is larger, alternate stress can cause the fatigue of gusset material, suspension rod is occurred damaged at root anchor cup place, and rainwater is invaded and caused the corrosion of suspension rod wire rope.
Hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge is a kind of suspension bridge for large span strait Bridge, due to himself feature, the oblique suspension rod of suitable employing three dimensions is arranged, the suitable oblique layout of the longitudinal facade of bridge and cross section middle hanger, to strengthen its space stiffness, improve the torsion natural frequency of suspension bridge, improve wind resisting stability.The bridge floor of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems large-span suspension bridge is wider, should be at one suspension rod of bridge floor intermediate arrangement, and intermediate isolating band is set.
(7) lifting stiff girder
Greatly across the stiff girder pattern of suspension bridge, mainly contain two kinds of flat closed steel case beam pattern and steel truss patterns, the normal flat closed case beam pattern adopting of European countries' suspension bridge, the conventional truss pattern of suspension bridge of the U.S., Japan and other countries.The ventilative performance of truss-like stiff girder is good, and the rigidity of structure is large, and stiff girder can reach higher torsional rigidity, so its critical wind speed of flutter is higher.The advantage of case beam pattern stiff girder is that cost is saved and better aesthetic effect, the wind loading rating of case beam type stiff girder is subject to factors restriction, the flutter stability of case beam pattern suspension bridge, not as truss pattern stiff girder suspension bridge, should be noted the ratio of the pneumatic external form in stiff girder cross section and width and span etc. during design.
The box stiff girder suspension bridge of steel, span has good compliance at 1000～2000m, when span is larger, its wind resisting stability be should give cautiously.Truss-like stiff girder suspension bridge, its accommodation is the widest, and span has good compliance at 1500～5000m.
The Flutter Performance that improves the suspension bridge that adopts Stochastic FEM pattern stiff girder, need to improve the profile at two ends, stiff girder cross section, takes to add the measures such as tuyere, and the fluidised form of streaming to improve air-flow reduces whirlpool and takes off, and makes cross section trend streamlined.The center grooved of the box stiff girder of steel to be to increase ventilative property, and the pressure differential of the back bottom surface that reduces to put more energy into, adopts the critical wind speed of flutter of the separation type box girder of center grooved to obtain certain raising, certainly can increase the cost of bridge tower and substructure like this.At stiff girder section, arrange the measures such as deflector, suppression plate or spoiler, central steadying plate and also can improve the flutter stability of bridge so that fluidised form is streamed in change.
Hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge is applicable to the large span straits suspension bridge of 3000～5000m, its stiff girder should adopt ventilative truss-like stiff girder, and should ventilation strip be set at cross section middle part, the pressure differential of the back bottom surface that reduces to put more energy into, improves its critical wind speed of flutter.In order further to strengthen the wind resisting stability of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, suggestion arranges the reverse cable of carbon fiber and catches hold of truss-like stiff girder and hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems, the reverse cable of carbon fiber is fastening truss stiff girder and oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam firmly, and the reverse cable of carbon fiber is anchored in bridge tower concrete.The mechanical type draw off gear that computer is controlled is set, disturb the wind-induced vibration form of suspension bridge, when running into typhoon, at the reverse cable of windward side tension carbon fiber, leeward side loosens the reverse cable of carbon fiber, to improve the wind resisting stability of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems suspension bridge.
(8) rigidity central authorities button and deck paving are installed
In order to strengthen the collaborative work ability of hyperboloid of one sheet Spatial cable systems and stiff girder, in span centre region, portal frame type rigidity central authorities should be set to be buckled, rigidity button links together stiff girder and oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beam, the twisting vibration of the twisting vibration of stiff girder and Spatial cable systems can be coupled together to a certain extent, the twisting vibration of cable of space cable and stiff girder can be coupled together to a certain extent with side direction horizontal vibration, to improve the space stiffness of Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, strengthen the wind resisting stability of large-span suspension bridge.
At span centre place, can be about mutual rigidly connected 2 oval steel work reinforcing ring collar tie beams of 3～4 meters by setting space, so that the rigidity central authorities of double portal frame type are set at span centre place to be buckled, at suspension bridge zone line, 100～120 meters, interval, arranges several portal frame type rigidity and buckles, in spanning 1/4 region, 120～150 meters of flexible cable claim-reductions of several spacing are set, further strengthen the space stiffness of Spatial cable systems suspension bridge, improve the wind resisting stability of large span straits suspension bridge.
Finally, bridge railing is installed, is carried out Asphalt Concrete Deck Pavement, improve deck drainage system, carry out bridge paint, coating decoration, organizing construction checks and accepts, and is open to traffic.
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| CN111236039B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 东南大学 | Large-span spatial cable net system suspension bridge |
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