CN103088145B - 一种紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物 - Google Patents

一种紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物 Download PDF

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CN103088145B
CN103088145B CN201310040829.XA CN201310040829A CN103088145B CN 103088145 B CN103088145 B CN 103088145B CN 201310040829 A CN201310040829 A CN 201310040829A CN 103088145 B CN103088145 B CN 103088145B
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psammobiidae
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CN103088145A (zh
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李琪
于贞贞
孔令锋
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Ocean University of China
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Abstract

本发明利用由通用引物扩增得到的72条紫云蛤科16S rRNA序列,用CLUSTALW软件比对分析,在确定的保守区域通过引物设计软件Primer Premier5设计多对引物,用230个紫云蛤科个体在10μl体系下反复进行PCR反应试验,最后经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,筛选出一种含有简并碱基的紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA基因高效扩增引物,其特征是:ZG16Sa 5’-TATCAAAAACATGGCCTCCTGA-3’、ZG16Sb 5’-AGCTCTGATCGCGTAARATTTYA-3’。本发明的紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA引物,可以有效扩增出紫云蛤科贝类不同物种的目的片段,扩增效率高达97%,能够准确鉴定某些难于鉴别的近缘物种,满足紫云蛤科遗传多样性研究的需要,对紫云蛤科的资源保护和利用、多样性评估、遗传育种等方面将起到重要作用。

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一种紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA[16S核糖体RNA(16small-subunitribosomal RNA)]基因的扩增引物。
背景技术
紫云蛤科(Corbiculacea)隶属于双壳纲(Bivalvia),异齿亚纲(Heterodonta),帘蛤目(Veneroida),全部海产,广泛分布于中国沿海,日本、菲律宾和印度洋,通常埋栖于潮间带至浅海细沙或泥沙质海底。紫云蛤科是一类经济价值较大的双壳贝类,很多种类肉质鲜美,富含蛋白质和维生素,可鲜食,也可制成干品,具有较高的食用价值和重要的经济价值。例如,中国紫蛤、双线紫蛤、紫彩血蛤和尖紫蛤等都是名贵的海珍品。该科贝类种类较多、多样性丰富,鉴定一般根据壳形、刻纹、铰合部和闭壳肌痕等形态特征,但实际上壳形的高度可塑性以及发育中存在的中间形态和中间生境,使得紫云蛤科的系统分类往往较困难,特别对于一些亲缘物种,单利用形态学数据很难区分开来。而且,近年来由于过度捕捞等原因,其种质资源已明显消退,紫云蛤种质资源合理利用和保护亟不可待。
关于紫云蛤科的增养殖和生物学特征等方面已有研究和报道,但是基于分子标记的遗传多样性的研究开展较少,这种现状极大的阻碍了紫云蛤科种质资源的开发利用和保护。近年来,利用DNA序列对物种进行分类鉴定和系统发育分析已成为一种高效的方法,其中线粒体DNA(Mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)因其单亲遗传、无重组、中性进化等特性,在分子遗传学研究中发挥着重要作用。其中,16S rRNA基因作为进化速率相对较快的区域,在无脊椎动物系统分类、种类鉴别、群体遗传多样性和分子进化方面得到广泛应用,已成为区分物种和研究物种进化关系的理想基因。因此,利用16S rRNA基因对紫云蛤科进行物种鉴定和系统发育分析是一种很好的方法。
尽管紫云蛤科物种16S rRNA序列比较保守,但种间变异度较高,使得16S rRNA非特异性扩增引物的扩增效率低下,有些物种根本无法扩出,以致阻碍了分子技术的使用。因此,开发研究紫云蛤科线粒体16S rRNA基因扩增特异性引物,对利用分子方法鉴定紫云蛤科物种和进行系统发育分析具有重要的意义,同时也能为利用16S rRNA基因保护紫云蛤科种质资源提供技术条件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种紫云蛤科线粒体16S rRNA基因适用性好的扩增引物,它能满足现有技术的上述需求。
本发明根据紫云蛤科物种16S rRNA序列变异度较高和非特异性扩增引物扩增效率低的特性,通过重复试验筛选出紫云蛤科16S rRNA基因的扩增引物。采用本发明的紫云蛤科线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物,可以有效的扩增出紫云蛤科不同物种的16SrRNA序列,对于利用16S rRNA序列研究紫云蛤科的物种分类、系统发育、系统地理学和保护紫云蛤科种质资源具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
本发明的紫云蛤科线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物的筛选方法采用三个步骤:a、利用16S rRNA通用扩增引物扩增出部分紫云蛤科物种的16S rRNA序列;b、从上述得到的部分紫云蛤科16S rRNA序列中,通过比对找出保守的序列片段,合成多套扩增引物序列;c、从合成的多套扩增引物序列中筛选出扩增紫云蛤科线粒体16S rRNA基因效果最好的一对引物。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
1.样品采集:于2002年~2012年,从中国南北沿海共采集紫云蛤科5个属12个种类的230个个体。
2.DNA提取:用苯酚-氯仿法对所采集样品进行DNA提取。
3.16S rRNA通用扩增引物扩增:利用Palumbi于1996年设计的16S rRNA通用扩增引物16S rRNAar(5’-CGCCTGTTTATCAAAAACAT-3’)、16S rRNAbr(5'-CCGGTCTGAACTCAGATCACGT-3’)对上述采集的紫云蛤科230个个体进行PCR扩增。不同物种的PCR热循环退火温度不同,退火温度范围为42~50℃。扩增产物经1.5倍的琼脂糖电泳检测后,送往测序公司进行双向测序。用Lasergene软件将测得的序列进行人工矫正。最终获得5个种类72个个体的16S rRNA序列,其长度约为500bp,其余个体均未扩增出。
4.序列比对:利用CLUSTALW软件将上述测得的72个个体的16S rRNA序列进行比对,找出比较保守、碱基变异度最小的序列片段。
5.引物合成:根据上述的比对结果,利用引物设计软件Primer Primer5在碱基变异度最小的序列片段设计出4对扩增引物。
6.引物扩增:将上述设计的4对扩增引物分别应用于PCR扩增所采集的紫云蛤科12个种类的230个个体。不同物种的PCR热循环退火温度不同,PCR热循环退火温度范围为46~50℃。扩增产物用1.5倍的琼脂糖电泳进行检测。
7.引物扩增结果:上述4对扩增引物均可扩增出上述紫云蛤科个体,1对引物能扩增出12个个体,1对引物只能扩增出77个个体,另1对引物能够扩增出224个个体,扩增效果非常好。
8.特异性扩增引物序列:经过大量的重复试验,最终筛选出上述扩增紫云蛤科16SrRNA基因效果最好的一对引物序列为:ZG16Sa(5’-TATCAAAACATGGCCTCCTGA-3’)、ZG16Sb(5’-AGCTCTGATCGCGTAARATTTYA-3’),该对引物的下游引物含有两个简并碱基。利用此对引物扩增出的DNA片段长度约为500bp。
9.特异性扩增引物扩增条件:上述ZG16Sa与ZG16Sb扩增引物的10μLPCR反应体系为:1μL10×buffer Mg2+,1μLDNTP(2mM),0.6μL MgCl2(25mM),1μL引物ZG16Sa(10μM),1μL ZG16Sb引物(10μM),0.08μL r-Taq(5u/μL),1μL DNA模板,4.32μL双蒸水。PCR热循环的退火温度为46~50℃。

Claims (1)

1.一种紫云蛤科贝类线粒体16S rRNA基因的扩增引物,其特征是ZG16Sa5’-TATCAAAAACATGGCCTCCTGA-3’、ZG16Sb5’-AGCTCTGATCGCGTAARATTTYA-3。
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