CN103078164A - Compact single-row long-hole directional coupler - Google Patents
Compact single-row long-hole directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103078164A CN103078164A CN2013100380148A CN201310038014A CN103078164A CN 103078164 A CN103078164 A CN 103078164A CN 2013100380148 A CN2013100380148 A CN 2013100380148A CN 201310038014 A CN201310038014 A CN 201310038014A CN 103078164 A CN103078164 A CN 103078164A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact single-row long-hole directional coupler comprising a main transmission line, an auxiliary transmission line, and at least two coupling holes which are arranged in the common wall of the main and auxiliary transmission lines and are communicated with the main and auxiliary transmission lines. The length of at least one coupling hole along the axis direction of the main transmission line is 0.35 time more than the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency of the working frequency band of the compact single-row long-hole directional coupler. The compact single-row long-hole directional coupler has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, relative working bandwidth of up to 40 percent, good uniformity of coupling coefficient, good isolation and the like. The device can be divided into a base and a cover plate which are respectively processed at one time through an ordinary digital control milling machine, so that the processing precision of the device is well ensured. The device can be widely applied to radar, missile guidance, communication, microwave measurement and other military and civilian fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coupler, specifically, relate to a kind of compact braodband directional coupler.
Background technology
Directional coupler is widely used a kind of microwave device in the microwave system, and its Main Function is that microwave signal is carried out power division according to a certain percentage.Directional coupler is made of two transmission lines, and coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, strip line and microstrip line etc. all can consist of directional coupler; So of a great variety from the structure directional coupler, widely different, but mainly be divided into aperture coupling, crack coupling, parallel coupling, porous coupling etc. from their coupling mechanism.
In the 1950's, nearly all microwave equipment all adopts metal waveguide and waveguide circuit, and directional coupler at that time also mostly is the Waveguide Hole coupling directional coupler; Its theoretical foundation is the Bethe slot-coupling theory, and the people such as Cohn and Levy have also done a lot of contributions.
Development along with the aerospace technology, require microwave circuit and system to accomplish miniaturization, lightweight and dependable performance, so strip line and microstrip line have occurred, because the microwave integrated transmission-lines such as fin line, the line of rabbet joint, co-planar waveguide and coplanar stripline have appearred again in the needs of microwave circuit and system in succession, various transmission line directional couplers have so just appearred subsequently.
The tradition single-hole directional coupler has some advantage: as simple in structure, parameter is few, design is got up more convenient; But it also exists some shortcomings: poor such as narrow bandwidth, directivity.Only in the center better performances that designs frequency range.Drift out this frequency, the flatness of coupling, coupling coefficient, directivity etc. are all with variation.
Although the tradition multi-hole directional coupler can be accomplished very wide bandwidth, directivity also is greatly improved, but also exists some shortcomings, and is large such as volume, requirement on machining accuracy is high, insertion loss is high, particularly at the millimeter wave terahertz wave band, too high Insertion Loss makes this device lose use value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of amplitude coincidence good, bandwidth of operation can reach the compact braodband directional coupler more than 40%.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The single slotted hole directional coupler of compact, comprise main transmission line, secondary transmission line, coupling aperture at least two common walls that are positioned at main transmission line and secondary transmission line, coupling aperture is communicated with respectively main transmission line and secondary transmission line, the main transmission line two ends are respectively input and output, secondary transmission line two ends are respectively coupled end and isolation end, having a coupling aperture at least is P along the length of the axis direction of main transmission line, and P is more than or equal to 0.35 times of the corresponding free space wavelength of maximum operating frequency in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact.
In traditional multi-hole directional coupler, vertically the spacing between the adjacent coupled hole is set to about 1/4 of guide wavelength corresponding to the centre frequency of this coupler working band.The length of the coupling aperture among the present invention has broken through the one theory of traditional directional coupler.
In order to realize stronger coupling, along the axis direction of main transmission line, have at least minimum value distance between the edge in a pair of adjacent coupled hole to be less than or equal to 10% of highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact free space wavelength.
Further, in order to realize stronger coupling, along the axis direction of main transmission line, has distance between the geometric center point in a pair of adjacent coupled hole at least more than or equal to half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.
Take above measure, the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact coupling coefficient can at 0dB between-the 2.5dB, namely be exported from coupled end greater than 56% energy from the energy of input input.
In order to widen the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact, the sidewall of described main transmission line and secondary transmission line or bottom are fluted or protruding.
Main transmission line and secondary transmission line are the blank pipe structure, and the width on its horizontal plane is less than 0.7 times of the degree of depth of its vertical direction.Especially, the port of main transmission line and secondary transmission line is with the rectangle sky waveguide of the degree of depth greater than width.
For the ease of being connected with the standard transmission line, be provided with curved transmission line at least two ports of described main transmission line and secondary transmission line, the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line on the main transmission line is secondary transmission line dorsad, and the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line on the secondary transmission line is main transmission line dorsad.
For the ease of with standard transmission line coupling, at least one port of described main transmission line and secondary transmission line outside, be connected with matching section, the width of matching section on horizontal plane is along the Axial changes of himself, Changing Pattern broadens gradually from the regional outward direction of common wall.
For the ease of mating the size of dwindling simultaneously whole device with the standard transmission line, outside at least one port of described main transmission line and secondary transmission line, be connected with curved transition, the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transition on the main transmission line is secondary transmission line dorsad, the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transition on the secondary transmission line is main transmission line dorsad, and the width of curved transition horizontal direction gradually changes, and Changing Pattern broadens gradually from common wall zone outward direction.
For the ease of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively the disposable processing of Numerical-control Milling Machines, all structures of this coupler, the upper surface of described transmission line, secondary transmission line and all coupling aperture etc. flushes with the same level face.
The invention provides that a kind of amplitude coincidence is good, bandwidth of operation is wide, the directional coupler of compact conformation.Because this directional coupler can be divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, greatly simplified thus the course of processing, guaranteed better machining accuracy simultaneously.Compare with existing waveguide multi-hole directional coupler, owing to adopt the slotted hole different from multi-hole directional coupler in the past, the length of one of them coupling aperture, the theoretical pitch that can surpass two coupling apertures in the traditional devices, this device can realize in greater than 40% bandwidth greater than 3dB even near the close coupling of 0dB.Simultaneously, this device is when realizing specific indexes, and the number of needed coupling aperture reduces on the basis of traditional devices greatly.
The operation principle of multi-hole directional coupler can be described below:
Multi-hole directional coupler just utilizes along a series of coupling apertures of major-minor transmission line axis and forms an array.The longitudinal pitch at center, adjacent coupled hole be roughly transmission line guide wavelength 1/4.When having microwave to input from input in the main transmission line, the forward direction coupling energy in secondary transmission line is inevitable with superimposed in coupled end.The reverse coupled energy in adjacent coupled hole is cancelled out each other owing to there are 180 degree to differ.The directivity of actual orientation coupler is the stack of directivity and the single hole directivity of coupling aperture battle array.Select different coupling aperture shapes, adjust spacing and the size of different coupling apertures, just can obtain to have the directional coupler of reasonable directivity, degree of coupling consistency height and wider bandwidth.
Of the present inventionly gather the characteristics such as the single slotted hole directional coupler of type has simple and compact for structure, the relative bandwidth of operation up to 40%, the coupling coefficient flatness is good, isolation is good.This device can be divided into base and cover plate, adopts respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, and has guaranteed well the machining accuracy of device.This device can be widely used in military affairs and the civil areas such as radar, missile guidance, communication and microwave measurement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the present invention and embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is that A-A among Fig. 1 of embodiment 1 is to view.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is that A-A among Fig. 3 of embodiment 2 is to view.
Fig. 5 is the curve chart of the insertion loss of embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is return loss plot figure and the isolation curve chart of embodiment 2.
The corresponding title of attached number in the figure: 1-main transmission line, the secondary transmission line of 2-, 3-common wall, 4-input, 5-output, 6-coupled end, 7-isolation end, 8-coupling aperture, 9-matching section, the curved transmission line of 10-, the curved transition of 11-.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact comprises main transmission line 1, secondary transmission line 2, and be positioned at connection main transmission line 1 on the common wall 3 of main transmission line 1 and secondary transmission line 2 and 3 coupling apertures 8 of secondary transmission line 2.Main transmission line 1 two ends arrange respectively input 4 and output 5, and secondary transmission line 2 two ends arrange respectively coupled end 6 and isolation end 7.3 coupling apertures are P along the length of the axis direction of main transmission line 1, and P is more than or equal to 0.35 times of free space wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact.
The adjacent edge of 2 pairs of vertical adjacent coupling apertures 8 along between the minimum value of fore-and-aft distance be less than or equal to 10% of highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact free space wavelength.That is, along the axis direction of main transmission line 1, minimum value between the edge in 2 pairs of adjacent coupled holes 8 distance is less than or equal to 10% of highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact free space wavelength.
Fore-and-aft distance between the geometric center point of 2 pairs of vertical adjacent coupling apertures 8 is more than or equal to half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.That is, along the axis direction of main transmission line 1, has distance between the geometric center point in a pair of adjacent coupled hole 8 at least more than or equal to half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.
In order to express easily, above-mentioned vertical finger is along the axis direction along main transmission line 1.
In order to widen the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact, sidewall or the bottom of described main transmission line 1 and secondary transmission line 2 are fluted or protruding.
For the ease of being connected with the standard transmission line, be provided with curved transmission line 10 at least two ports of described main transmission line 1 and secondary transmission line 2, the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line 10 on the main transmission line 1 is secondary transmission line 2 dorsad, and the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line 10 on the secondary transmission line 2 is main transmission line 1 dorsad.
For the ease of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively the disposable processing of Numerical-control Milling Machines, all structures of this coupler comprise that the upper surface of main transmission line 1, secondary transmission line 2 and all coupling aperture 8 etc. flushes with the same level face.
Above-mentioned only for for example, provided one of better implementation of the present invention.In the actual production, coupling cavity 1 can be the cavity of various shapes, and inside can also arrange various metal boss or groove.
Shown in Fig. 2-6, the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact comprises main transmission line 1, secondary transmission line 2, and be positioned at connection main transmission line 1 on the common wall 3 of main transmission line 1 and secondary transmission line 2 and 3 coupling apertures 8 of secondary transmission line 2.Main transmission line 1 two ends arrange respectively input 4 and output 5, and secondary transmission line 2 two ends arrange respectively coupled end 6 and isolation end 7.3 coupling apertures 8 are P along the length of the axis direction of main transmission line 1, and P is greater than 0.35 times of free space wavelength corresponding to maximum operating frequency in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact.For example: free space wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is M, and then P is 0.4 times of M or 1 times of M or 1.5 times of M.Above-mentioned main transmission line 1 and secondary transmission line 2 are Rectangular Waveguide Structure.
The adjacent edge of 2 pairs of vertical adjacent coupling apertures 8 along between the minimum value of fore-and-aft distance be less than or equal to 10% of free space wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact.That is, along the axis direction of main transmission line 1, minimum value between the edge in 2 pairs of adjacent coupled holes 8 distance is less than or equal to 10% of highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact free space wavelength.For example: the free space wavelength that highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is M, and the minimum value distance between the adjacent coupled hole 8 is R, and then R is 0.05M or 0.06M or 0.7M.
Fore-and-aft distance between the geometric center point of 2 pairs of vertical adjacent coupling apertures is greater than half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.That is, along the axis direction of main transmission line 1, has distance between the geometric center point in a pair of adjacent coupled hole 8 at least more than or equal to half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.For example: the free space wavelength that highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is M, and the distance between the central point in adjacent coupled hole 8 is F, and then F is 0.6M or 0.7M or 1M.
In order to express easily, above-mentioned vertically referring to along the axis direction along main transmission line 1.
For the ease of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact is divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively the disposable processing of Numerical-control Milling Machines, all structures of this coupler comprise that the upper surface of main transmission line 1, secondary transmission line 2 and all coupling aperture 8 etc. flushes with the same level face.
Shown in Fig. 5-6, be the calculated curve of the single slotted hole directional coupler of the compact of embodiment 2.As can be seen from the figure, from 6.57GHz to 10GHz greater than in 40% the relative bandwidth scope, coupling coefficient be 3.1+/-0.4dB, the reflection coefficient of each port is lower than-20dB, isolation is higher than 19.5dB.Adopt three coupling aperture 8(coupling aperture total lengths to be less than or equal to 100 millimeters) realize These parameters, the corresponding length of the Multi-Aperture Waveguide Directional Coupler that its Length Ratio is traditional obviously reduces, sufficient proof the superiority of this directional coupler.
More than two example well explains implementation of the present invention.Wherein embodiment 2 is better implementations.It is pointed out that embodiments of the present invention are diversified.Such as, the shape of coupling aperture can be set to del, inverted trapezoidal, semicircle etc.
Claims (10)
1. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact, it is characterized in that, comprise main transmission line (1), secondary transmission line (2), coupling aperture (8) at least two common walls (3) that are positioned at main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2), coupling aperture (8) is communicated with respectively main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2), main transmission line (1) two ends are respectively input (4) and output (5), secondary transmission line (2) two ends are respectively coupled end (6) and isolation end (7), having a coupling aperture (8) at least is P along the length of the axis direction of main transmission line (1), and P is more than or equal to 0.35 times of the corresponding free space wavelength of maximum operating frequency in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact.
2. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, along the axis direction of main transmission line (1), have at least minimum value distance between the edge in a pair of adjacent coupled hole (8) to be less than or equal to 10% of highest frequency is corresponding in the working frequency range of the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact free space wavelength.
3. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, along the axis direction of main transmission line (1), has distance between the geometric center point in a pair of adjacent coupled hole (8) at least more than or equal to half of free space wavelength corresponding to highest frequency in the working frequency range.
4. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the single slotted hole directional coupler of this compact coupling coefficient is 0dB to-2.5dB, namely exports from coupled end (6) greater than 56% energy from the energy of input (4) input.
5. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sidewall or the bottom of described main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2) are fluted or protruding.
6. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1 is characterized in that, main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2) are the blank pipe structure, and the width on its horizontal plane is less than or equal to 0.7 times of the degree of depth of its vertical direction.
7. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with curved transmission line (10) at least two ports of described main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2), the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line (10) on the main transmission line (1) is secondary transmission line (2) dorsad, and the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transmission line (10) on the secondary transmission line (2) is main transmission line (1) dorsad.
8. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one port at described main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2) is externally connected with matching section (9), the width of matching section (9) on horizontal plane is along the Axial changes of himself, and Changing Pattern broadens gradually from common wall zone outward direction.
9. the single slotted hole directional coupler of compact according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, outside at least one port of described main transmission line (1) and secondary transmission line (2), be connected with curved transition (11), the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transition (11) on the main transmission line (1) is secondary transmission line (2) dorsad, the bending direction that is positioned at the curved transition (11) on the secondary transmission line (2) is main transmission line (1) dorsad, and the width of curved transition (11) horizontal direction gradually changes, and Changing Pattern broadens gradually from common wall zone outward direction.
10. the single slotted hole directional coupler of the described compact of any one is characterized in that according to claim 1-9, and the upper surface of described main transmission line (1), secondary transmission line (2) and all coupling aperture (8) flushes with the same level face.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104638336A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Main line segment height change directional coupler |
| CN104681910A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-06-03 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Directional coupler with variable secondary line width |
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| CN202678497U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Multi-hole directional coupler with main and auxiliary ridge waveguides different in size |
| CN203071211U (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-07-17 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Single-row long-hole directional coupler |
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| US2701340A (en) * | 1951-03-17 | 1955-02-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency directional coupler |
| US2766431A (en) * | 1952-02-08 | 1956-10-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Waveguide junction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104638336A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Main line segment height change directional coupler |
| CN104681910A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-06-03 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Directional coupler with variable secondary line width |
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| CN103078164B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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