CN103076001A - Method and device for automatically monitoring subgrade settlement - Google Patents
Method and device for automatically monitoring subgrade settlement Download PDFInfo
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- CN103076001A CN103076001A CN2012105674764A CN201210567476A CN103076001A CN 103076001 A CN103076001 A CN 103076001A CN 2012105674764 A CN2012105674764 A CN 2012105674764A CN 201210567476 A CN201210567476 A CN 201210567476A CN 103076001 A CN103076001 A CN 103076001A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for automatically monitoring the subgrade settlement. The device for automatically monitoring the subgrade settlement is characterized by comprising a first measuring head P1 arranged on a first settlement monitoring point, a second measuring head P2 arranged on a second settlement monitoring point, ..., and an Nth measuring head PN arranged on an Nth settlement monitoring point, a pressure stabilizing device, a control terminal, a liquid filling port and an exhaust port; each measuring head comprises a pressure sensor and a data acquisition circuit and is packed in a mechanical structure, and the pressure sensor and the data acquisition circuit of each measuring head are electrically connected to be connected to the control terminal in a wired or wireless manner; and the measuring heads are connected through a pipeline, the liquid filling port and the exhaust port are installed on the pipeline, and the pipeline is closed and full of liquid. According to the method and the device for automatically monitoring the subgrade settlement, the closed liquid is used as a pressure transmission medium, so that the settlement monitoring is slightly influenced by the environment, the monitoring accuracy is high, the effect on site operation is small, capacity resistant to sudden disasters is strong, the reliability is high, and the fully-automatic continuous monitoring is realized. Therefore, the method and the device can be widely applied to automatic settlement monitoring in roadbed construction period and operating period of railways, highways and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Precision Instrument and Machinery field, relate to a kind of Monitoring method of the subsidence and device.
Background technology
For guaranteeing security and the ride comfort of high-speed railway and road travel, subgrade settlement is measured with monitoring has become a key technical problem of building with the runtime, construction period wishes accurately to grasp settling data and settlement law, runtime can uninterruptedly be monitored Deposition Situation, when sedimentation occurs in time reacting and take corresponding measure when unusual.
At present settlement measurement commonly used has the settlement measurement method based on total powerstation, electrolevel, exists the principle of level change to monitor the method for subgrade settlement based on the settlement measurement of the physical influence sensors such as magnet ring inductor with monitoring method with according to the different spot elevations of connection liquid.Though the settlement measurement method based on total powerstation, electrolevel has higher measuring accuracy, its cost is high, efficient is low, environmental suitability is poor, can not continuous and automatic the shortcoming of monitoring make it can not adapt to actual requirement of engineering.Although it is high to have cost performance based on the settlement measurement of the physical influence sensors such as magnet ring inductor and monitoring method, data acquisition is characteristics easily, and it also has the problem that pair construction infection is large, precision is lower.Utilize connecting pipe principle, according to be communicated with method that the different spot elevations of liquid exist the principle of level change to monitor subgrade settlement have can network, can the continuous and automatic monitoring, characteristics that precision is higher, but still there is large, the problem such as dynamic response is slow, site operation is difficult, maintenance cost is high, occupied ground is large affected by environment when adopting free fluid, be unfavorable for the application of rugged surroundings and the timely disposal of sedimentation emergency situations, the while also can affect greatly construction, the later maintenance workload also can be larger.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of less, dynamic response affected by environment fast, can the continuous and automatic monitoring, subgrade settlement automatic monitoring method and apparatus that precision is higher, a kind of efficient is high, cost performance is good settlement measurement and monitoring method and device not only are provided, and little on the site operation impact, later maintenance cost also can obtain decrease.
Roadbed settlement monitoring method of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
(1) be provided with the gauge head of some built-in pressure transducers in different roadbed settlement monitoring position, the closed container with elongate conduit couples together is full of enclosed liquid in the closed container, and gauge head is measured the static pressure of enclosed liquid.As shown in Figure 1.
(2) the each point static pressure that the earth Level Height is identical in the inactive liquid in the closed container under Action of Gravity Field equates, it shows as an isopressure surface, the different point of the earth Level Height is owing to there is the enclosed liquid differential static pressure in the reason of gravity, this differential static pressure is directly proportional with difference of elevation, calculate the enclosed liquid differential static pressure, can get the difference of elevation between each monitoring location, that is:
（1）
In the formula
h Ij Be
iGauge head P
i With
jGauge head P
j Difference of elevation/m;
p i , p i Be respectively gauge head P
i , P
j Static pressure/pa;
ρBe the density of liquid/kg m
-3 gBe acceleration of gravity/Nkg
-1N is the quantity of gauge head.
Therefore, the present invention can by measuring the differential static pressure between each gauge head, obtain the regularity of distribution of difference of elevation between gauge head.
(3) if when the static pressure of certain point occurs changing because of reasons such as temperature variation or pipeline distortion in the inactive liquid in the closed container, the static pressure of this point changes and can equivalently to be similar to the velocity of sound to all directions transmission, make all rapidly equivalent variations of generation of inactive liquid static pressure everywhere in the closed container.
That is to say, suppose that the elevation of each gauge head does not all have to change, when the static pressure of certain point in the inactive liquid in the closed container changed because of environment reason, the Integral static pressure power in the closed container in the inactive liquid changed, that is:
Therefore, the differential static pressure among the present invention between each gauge head can not change because of static pressure overall variation or fluctuation in the closed container, can eliminate environmental factor to the impact of the differential static pressure measurement result between gauge head.
(4) arbitrary gauge head changes because subgrade settlement produces elevation in the device, and then the differential static pressure between this gauge head and other gauge head will change, and the variation of this differential static pressure can reflect the variation of the difference of elevation between this gauge head and other each gauge heads.
That is to say, suppose gauge head P
i Sedimentation occurs, gauge head P
j Elevation remain unchanged, the Integral static pressure power in the closed container in the inactive liquid does not change or fluctuation, gauge head P
i With gauge head P
j The variable quantity of differential static pressure can reflect P
i Gauge head and P
j The changing value of the difference of elevation of gauge head, that is:
Change by monitoring enclosed liquid differential static pressure, monitor subgrade settlement variation between each gauge head, that is:
Gauge head P in the formula
i With gauge head P
j Differential static pressure/pa; Be gauge head P
i With gauge head P
j The changing value/pa of differential static pressure; Be gauge head P
i With gauge head P
j The changing value/m of difference of elevation.
Therefore, the present invention can by measuring the variable quantity of differential static pressure between each gauge head, obtain the changing value of difference of elevation between each gauge head.
(5) if a certain gauge head among the present invention is arranged on the earth elevation reference point, be called benchmark gauge head P
bThat the benchmark gauge head is taked is antifreeze, anti-settling and anti-mobile the processing.The earth elevation of benchmark gauge head
h b Be given value, can in conjunction with the differential static pressure measurement result of each gauge head and benchmark gauge head, obtain the earth height value of each gauge head, namely
Be the static pressure/pa of benchmark gauge head in the formula;
h b The earth elevation/m for the benchmark gauge head.
As arbitrary gauge head P
i Because of subgrade settlement, when differential static pressure between itself and the benchmark gauge head is changed, also can obtain the variable quantity of the earth Level Height of this gauge head according to the size of this differential static pressure variable quantity, the sedimentation value of this gauge head reality namely, that is:
Δ in the formula
p Ib Be gauge head P
i With benchmark gauge head P
bChanging value/the m of differential static pressure; Δ
h Ib Be gauge head P
i With benchmark gauge head P
bChanging value/the m of difference of elevation.
The concrete structure of subgrade settlement monitoring device of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1: subgrade settlement automatic monitoring device comprises the first gauge head P that is arranged on the first settlement monitoring point
1, the second settlement monitoring point the second gauge head P
2..., N settlement monitoring point N gauge head P
N, the composition such as feeding pressure stabilizing device, control terminal, liquid filling mouth, exhausr port.Each gauge head is comprised of pressure transducer and data acquisition circuit, and is encapsulated in the physical construction, and its pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition circuit, again via the wired or wireless control terminal that is connected to; Connect by pipeline between each gauge head, liquid filling mouth, exhausr port are installed on the pipeline, and pipeline sealing also is full of liquid.
The present invention can also arrange the pressurization stabilising arrangement in a certain gauge head or certain section pipeline, to keep the pressure stability in the whole device.
The pressure transducer of each gauge head detects the force value of this gauge head monitoring point, and convert force value to digital signal by its data acquisition circuit, the force value digital signal of each gauge head all inputs to control terminal via wired or wireless mode, carrying out the subgrade settlement data by control terminal processes, show, report to the police and record, realize continuous, automatic monitoring.
Control terminal is sent in real time subgrade settlement integrated management information center with monitoring result by modes such as 3G network or TCP/IP simultaneously and carries out centralized data processing.Also can simultaneously alerting signal be sent on designated mobile phone or the network with the GSM short message mode.
The wired connection of data acquisition circuit of the present invention and control terminal can for universal serial bus, fieldbus such as RS485 universal serial bus, RS422, also can be the Industrial Ethernet based on ICP/IP protocol.
The wireless connections of data acquisition circuit of the present invention and control terminal can be the WLAN based on bluetooth, ZigBee, Wifi etc.
The present invention can with one or more gauge head as the benchmark gauge head, also can not establish the benchmark gauge head.When the benchmark gauge head is two when above, adopt the modes such as medium filtering, least square method to average.
The present invention can also arrange the pressurization stabilising arrangement in certain (appointing) gauge head or certain (appointing) one section pipeline, to keep the pressure stability in the whole device.
Pressure transducer of the present invention can be ceramic pressure sensor, has the characteristics such as anti-corrosion anti-abrasion damage, good stability, high precision, also can diffusion silicon pressure sensor equal pressure sensor.
Pressurization stabilising arrangement of the present invention can adopt spring in conjunction with bellows structure, also can adopt the spring piston structure, selects the O-ring seal of low hermetic resistance to seal, effectively the effect of the pressure in the stabilize containment container and realization sealing.
Data acquisition circuit of the present invention can be integrated circuit board data acquisition circuit or integrated data Acquisition Circuit etc.
Liquid in the pipeline liquid injecting device of the present invention,, monitoring accuracy large in subsidence range requires can select the little liquid of distilled water isodensity when hanging down; Subsidence range is less, optional with the large liquid of mercury isodensity when monitoring accuracy is had relatively high expectations.Simultaneously, work for monitoring device is operated in the worse environment, enclosed liquid also can be selected anti freezing solution, during the liquid of or contaminated environment poisonous when liquid, safeguard procedures need to be arranged, and fluid collection device will be arranged.
The material of pipeline of the present invention can be the metal materials such as iron, copper, also can be the nonmetallic materials such as rubber, plastics.
Liquid filling mouth of the present invention can arrange one or more, is connected with gauge head or pipeline.
Exhausr port of the present invention can arrange one or more, is connected with gauge head or pipeline.
Gauge head of the present invention can be the transverse section gauge head, it also can be vertical gauge head, being embedded in roadbed, bridges and culverts, tunnel and transition section etc. needs the position of monitoring, the transverse section gauge head is arranged on the roadbed xsect, vertically gauge head is arranged on the roadbed longitudinally extending line, form a kind of linear array settlement measurement system, also can the transverse and longitudinal combination, face battle array settlement monitoring.
Each gauge head of the present invention all passes through accurate off-line calibration, also the on-site proving interface can be set, and adopts precision pressure gauge, piston gage equal pressure sensor calibration apparatus to carry out on-site proving.
The present invention has the following functions characteristics:
(1) the present invention adopts enclosed liquid to be communicated with the measuring point of respectively working, because the pressure of certain some variation in the inactive liquid in the closed container that the factors such as temperature, air pressure or external force cause, can be promptly with the speed of the approximate velocity of sound, equivalently to transmitting everywhere, can not produce interfere with or compromise to the settlement monitoring result.
(2) the present invention utilizes pressure characteristic to transmit near the velocity of sound in enclosed liquid, can make the reaction time of undergoing mutation property sedimentation foreshorten to second level or submicrosecond level (deciding on distance between the monitoring point), significantly improve the responding ability of monitoring device, urgent pre-alerting ability and anti-burst fire-disaster ability.When sedimentation occurs in certain settlement monitoring point, the sedimentation monitoring system of control terminal can in time monitor the generation of sedimentation, surpass when setting the sedimentation threshold value, not only sedimentation monitoring system can carry out the form warnings such as acousto-optic, can also dangerous information be sent on the relevant personnel's the handheld device according to arranging, with settlement prevention railway and road travel be caused catastrophic effect.
(3) the present invention adopts the layering treatment mechanism that distributed collection data, centralized calculation are processed.Each measuring point has all configured slave computer, is used for the electric signal of sensor is nursed one's health the normalization calculating of conversion, force value; Host computer adopts the control terminals such as single-chip microcomputer, industrial computer or business computer, be connected with each slave computer by modes such as universal serial bus or wireless transmission, synchronous each measuring point slave computer of triggering carries out pressure survey and measurement result is uploaded in timesharing, by calculating each measuring point target elevation, elevation changing value or settling amount constantly, target difference of elevation and difference of elevation changing value constantly between each gauge head, and show with forms such as data and figures, thereby realize robotization continuous monitoring and demonstration.Simultaneously, monitoring result is sent to subgrade settlement integrated management information center in real time by modes such as 3G networks, finishes system-wide section or whole roadbed network settlement monitoring.
(4) the present invention is for improving functional reliability, by the communication redundancy with reply the formula communication modes, in time detects the working condition of each measuring point, in time reacts when a certain measuring point abnormal situation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that data acquisition circuit of the present invention and control terminal adopt the principle schematic under the wired connection mode.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is the first gauge head P
1, 2 is exhausr port, and 3 are the pressurization stable-pressure device, and 4 is a pipeline, and 5 is the second gauge head P
2, 6 is the second gauge head pressure transducer, and 7 is the second gauge head data acquisition circuit, and 8 is signal wire, and 9 is No. two pipelines, 10 is the 3rd gauge head P
3, 11 is the 3rd gauge head pressure transducer, 12 is the liquid filling mouth, 13 is the 3rd gauge head data acquisition circuit, 14 is signal wire, and 15 is the 3rd gauge head sedimentation mounting points, and 16 is control terminal, 17 is serial data bus, 18 is signal wire, and 19 is the second gauge head sedimentation mounting points, and 20 is the first gauge head mounting points, 21 is the first gauge head data acquisition circuit, and 22 is the first gauge head pressure transducer.
Fig. 3 is sedimentation detecting pattern process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is vacant working model process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is gauge head workflow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 2 is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention.Only have three gauge heads among this embodiment, 1 is benchmark gauge head P
1, and take antifreeze, anti-settling and anti-mobile the processing.The Deposition Situation of two subgrade settlement working points of the second gauge head and the 3rd gauge head monitoring, benchmark gauge head, the second gauge head and the 3rd gauge head are by an airtight pipeline 4 and be interconnected for No. two 9.Pressure transducer 22,6 and 11 has been installed respectively in each gauge head, it is surveyed data acquisition circuit 13 with benchmark gauge head data acquisition circuit 21, the second gauge head data acquisition circuit 7 and the 3rd respectively and links to each other, Acquisition Circuit 21,7 and 13 with three gauge head inside is connected on the RS485 serial data bus 17 with parallel way by signal wire again, with one much more main from communication modes be connected to control terminal 16.
The benchmark gauge head is installed on the earth Level Height reference point 20, the second gauge head P
2With the 3rd gauge head P
3Be installed on respectively on on-the-spot settlement monitoring point 19 and 15.Benchmark gauge head P
1The top be provided with exhausr port 2, the three gauge head P with stop valve
3Be provided with the liquid filling mouth 12 with stop valve.The settlement monitoring device has also configured spring corrugated pipe pressurization stable-pressure device 3.
The below illustrates that for the embodiment of Fig. 2 gauge head of the present invention is installed, the liquid filling process.Liquid in the present embodiment in the closed container is selected anti freezing solution.With benchmark gauge head P
1Be installed on the earth Level Height reference point 20, its earth elevation is slightly high in three gauge heads, then respectively the second gauge head 5 and the 3rd gauge head 10 is installed on settlement monitoring point 19 and 15, three gauge heads is communicated with No. two pipelines 9 through a pipeline 4 again.Open the stop valve of liquid filling mouth 12, exhausr port 2, then from liquid filling mouth 12 filling hydraulic fluids, when exhausr port 2 has the liquid of not being with bubble to overflow continuously, close its stop valve, the stop valve of closing liquid filler 12 forms the closed container that is full of hydraulic fluid again.For pressure transducer is worked between linear zone, adjust spring corrugated pipe pressurization stable-pressure device 3 and make enclosed liquid add in advance certain pressure.After the setting, spring corrugated pipe pressurization stable-pressure device 3 can make pressure stability in the closed container in the course of the work in certain scope.
Fig. 3 is sedimentation detecting pattern process flow diagram of the present invention.When the settlement monitoring device enters detecting pattern, pass through first the detecting pattern initialization, confirm that more whether each gauge head has been ready to and has switched to controlled mode of operation, then triggers synchronously each gauge head and carries out pressure survey and timesharing upload command.After each gauge head receives order, the identical time of interval gathers a string force value data in the identical moment respectively, and carry out the median average filter, after removing the impulse disturbances that is caused by accidentalia and the random disturbance that may exist, send data that each gauge head collect to host computer with the method that addresses by the universal serial bus mode with the time-sharing multiplex bussing technique again, then pass through each gauge head this time and the force value of last time by host computer, calculate this elevation of each gauge head, elevation changing value or settling amount, this difference of elevation and difference of elevation changing value between each gauge head, monitoring result deposit in real time database file in and on screen the form by numerical value and figure show, when sedimentation value exceeds setting sedimentation threshold value, carry out sound and light alarm or send alarming short message according to arranging by gsm module.Twice detection time the interval can arrange, detect in the time that starts waiting for next time, the settlement monitoring device withdraws from detecting pattern and enters the vacant working pattern.
Fig. 4 is vacant working work pattern process flow diagram of the present invention.Under this pattern, if the settlement monitoring of setting arrives interval time, enter immediately the sedimentation detecting pattern, otherwise carry out the initialization of idle pulley, enter idle mode operation, this moment except the function of carrying out screen-refresh to keep figure shows, do not carry out other task, but keep serial ports to interrupt accepting state.Under idle pulley, each gauge head of working switches to autonomous mode by controlled mode of operation, all circulation constantly detects the force value of self, when force value is undergone mutation the scope of surpass setting, send the emergency treatment request by serial ports immediately, after upper computer detection has interrupt request to serial ports, start detection pattern immediately, detection draws the sedimentation value of each settlement monitoring point, rapidly emergency action is carried out in sudden change sedimentation or burst fire-disaster by mode requests such as sound and light alarm or GSM notes.
Fig. 5 is gauge head workflow diagram of the present invention.Gauge head at first enters controlled mode of operation, carry out first controlled mode of operation initialization, after the pressure survey and timesharing upload command that receive the host computer transmission, start the image data operation, and the serial data that collects sent to host computer by universal serial bus according to the order of appointment, after serial data transmits and finishes, gauge head just enters the utonomous working pattern, after finishing the initialization of utonomous working pattern, when the continuous force value that detects separately of circulation, when finding the mutation pressure value is arranged, send immediately the request of serial ports emergency treatment, and change controlled mode of operation over to, wait for that host computer carries out emergency treatment.
Claims (6)
1. subgrade settlement automatic monitoring method is characterized in that following these steps to:
(1) gauge head with built-in pressure transducer is installed in the subgrade settlement monitoring location, and by the pipeline that is full of enclosed liquid each gauge head is communicated with, and measures the interior enclosed liquid of connecting pipeline in the static pressure of different monitoring locations;
(2) calculate the enclosed liquid differential static pressure, obtain the difference of elevation between each monitoring location, that is:
In the formula
h Ij Be
iGauge head P
i With
jGauge head P
j Difference of elevation/m;
p i , p i Be respectively gauge head P
i , P
j Static pressure/pa;
ρBe the density of liquid/kg m
-3 gBe acceleration of gravity/Nkg
-1N is the quantity of gauge head;
(3) change by monitoring enclosed liquid differential static pressure, monitor subgrade settlement variation between each gauge head, that is:
In the formula
h Ij Be
iGauge head P
i With
jGauge head P
j Between difference of elevation variation/m;
p Ij Be gauge head P
i With P
j Between differential static pressure variation/pa.
2. the roadbed settlement monitoring method based on the enclosed liquid pressure differential according to claim 1 is characterized in that getting the earth height value of other each gauge head when establishing a certain gauge head and be the benchmark gauge head, is
In the formula
p i ,
p bBe respectively
iGauge head P
i With benchmark gauge head P
bFluid pressure/pa;
h i ,
h bFor being respectively
iGauge head P
i With benchmark gauge head P
bThe earth elevation/m.
3. a device of realizing the described subgrade settlement automatic monitoring of claim 1 method is characterized in that comprising that gauge head group, feeding pressure stabilizing device, control terminal and auxiliary element form, wherein: gauge head P
i (
i=1,2 ..., N) be arranged in
iSettlement monitoring point monitoring the
iSettlement monitoring point enclosed liquid force value also is transferred to control terminal; Connect by pipeline between each gauge head, auxiliary element is installed on the pipeline, and pipeline sealing also is full of liquid.
4. subgrade settlement automatic monitoring device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that gauge head is comprised of pressure transducer and data acquisition circuit, and be encapsulated in the physical construction, its pressure transducer is connected with data acquisition circuit, is connected to control terminal via wired or wireless mode again.
5. subgrade settlement automatic monitoring device according to claim 3, the stabilising arrangement that it is characterized in that pressurizeing is that spring is in conjunction with the pressurization stabilising arrangement of bellows structure or the pressurization stabilising arrangement of spring piston structure.
6. subgrade settlement automatic monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that the gauge head group is along subgrade cross section layout, vertical section layout, linear array layout or face battle array layout.
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| CN103884318A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-06-25 | 山东科技大学 | Surface subsidence monitoring method |
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