CN103070103A - Artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae - Google Patents
Artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103070103A CN103070103A CN2012105372247A CN201210537224A CN103070103A CN 103070103 A CN103070103 A CN 103070103A CN 2012105372247 A CN2012105372247 A CN 2012105372247A CN 201210537224 A CN201210537224 A CN 201210537224A CN 103070103 A CN103070103 A CN 103070103A
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- Prior art keywords
- algae
- artificial fish
- spore
- convenient
- fish shelter
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000028804 PERCHING syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269800 Percidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae. The artificial fish reef comprises a rectangular substrate; a plurality of rows of threaded holes are uniformly formed in the upper end surface of the rectangular substrate; the internal part of each threaded hole is connected with a plastic bottle without bottom surface; the side of the bottom end of each plastic bottle is cut into a plurality of barrier strips; and the barrier strips are bent outwards to form skirt rims, and the skirt rims bent by the barrier strips are beneficial for the attaching of algae plant. The artificial fish reef provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of being simple in assembling, low in cost, high in space utilization, and beneficial for the attaching of algae, so that the environment of the marine life can be improved, and fish gathering quantity can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish shelter, relate in particular to a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to.
Background technology
In the ocean, throw in artificial fish shelter, can improve the ecotope in marine site, for marine organisms are built a good ecotope.Artificial fish shelter has hidden effect, and the middle-size and small-size animal in ocean as hidden place, is conducive to the raising of survival rate with artificial fish shelter; The islands and reefs fish as the recreating facility, play the effect of avoidance with artificial fish shelter to environmental change; Artificial fish shelter and the marine site is numerous has on every side given birth to multiple marine organisms can be used as the feeding ground of fish; The good ecotope that artificial fish shelter can also be laid eggs for some fish provide, hatch, grows seedlings and fatten.Because artificial fish shelter has many benefits, each state of the whole world is all making, is promoting and throwing in artificial fish shelter energetically now, common artificial fish shelter comprises concrete artificial reef, waste and old ship reworked artificial fish shelter, steel construction artificial fish shelter etc., yet above-mentioned various fish shelters, concrete artificial reef, steel construction artificial fish shelter manufacturing cost height, space availability ratio is very limited simultaneously, the apposition growth of algae in the concrete surface short time.
Chinese patent Granted publication number: CN102599081A, July 25 2012 Granted publication day, a kind of artificial fish shelter is disclosed, comprise the artificial fish shelter body, the artificial fish shelter body is down " Y " shape, the artificial fish shelter body that is down " Y " shape is the all-in-one-piece upper unit by steel bar concrete casting, lower left quarter unit and right lower quadrant unit form, upper unit is " arrow " shape vertically downward, it is by upper left batter post, upper center pillar and upper right batter post form, the lower left quarter unit is upwards and partially right-oblique " arrow " shape, it is by the left batter post in lower-left, the right batter post of lower-left center pillar and lower-left forms, the right lower quadrant unit is upwards and partially left-oblique " arrow " shape, and it is by the left batter post in bottom right, bottom right center pillar and inferior right batter post form.Making up fish by combination stacked lays eggs and the place of perching, can also greatly improve stability and the hydrodynamic force of artificial fish shelter in the situation of a plurality of combinations, what this kind artificial fish shelter can be used for depth of water 6-10 rice shallow water area is cay fish, shellfish and the algae proliferation of shallow water type.Its weak point is that this kind artificial fish shelter manufacturing cost is high, and artificial fish shelter inner space availability is low, is made by concrete and directly sinks to the seabed after dropping in the sea, and algae is difficult to adhere to and drinks growth in the concrete surface short time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is high in order to overcome artificial fish shelter manufacturing cost of the prior art, and the fish shelter surface is unfavorable for the deficiency that algae adheres to, and provides a kind of and has been made by discarded plastic bottle combination, and assembling is simple, space availability ratio is high and be convenient to the artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind ofly be convenient to the artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to, comprise a rectangular substrate, be evenly distributed with some row's screwed holes on the upper surface of described rectangular substrate, be connected with the plastic bottle without the bottom surface in each screwed hole, the some blend stops of formation are cut apart in the side, bottom of described plastic bottle, and described blend stop outward forms the shirt rim.Whole artificial fish shelter all is with discarded plastic bottle and utilizes himself being threaded on the rectangular substrate of bottle mouth position to combine, plastic bottle is not easy to be decomposed in natural environment, usually all be by burning, bury processing, after it is combined into artificial fish shelter, the artificial fish shelter cost has reduced significantly, the service life of the simultaneously difficult decomposition of plastic products so this kind artificial fish shelter is also very long, also to a certain degree solution the recovery of plastic bottle, the processing problem, achieve many things at one stroke, after this kind fish shelter drops in the sea, provide a comparatively safe living space for juvenile fish in the cavity of plastic bottle, when the blend stop bottom the branch process plastic bottle of various algae, can be stopped by blend stop and be attached on the shirt rim, spore on the algae fragment grows new algae in the shirt rim, for juvenile fish provides an environment of looking for food and perching, poly-fish effect is better, also the bottom opening of plastic bottle is had the effect of blocking simultaneously, disguise is better, and juvenile fish is hided safer in plastic bottle.
As preferably, the axis of described each plastic bottle is vertical with fixing base, and is tangent with the shirt rim of two adjacent plastic bottle bottoms of row.The tangent a slice that connects into of the skirtboard of plastic bottle bottom, the algae branch is easier to be blocked and to be adsorbed on the shirt rim, more is conducive to adhering to of algae, thereby improves the ecotope around the artificial fish shelter, improves poly-fish effect.
As preferably, the sidewall of described plastic bottle is provided with several limberss.The limbers is used for guaranteeing the circulation of plastic bottle maritime interior waters, for fish provide an environment that more is fit to growth.
As preferably, the gap that is arranged in two plastic bottles at diagonal angle on the described rectangular substrate is provided with algae spore cultivating container.Some marine site algae relatively lacks, after this kind artificial fish shelter drops into, adhere to even be conducive to algae, yet algae is rare, also seldom the growth of algae has been arranged on the artificial fish shelter, therefore in order to increase poly-fish effect, for juvenile fish provides a more environment of suitable growth, in rectangular substrate algae spore cultivating container is set, algae spore cultivating container can be thrown in the algae spore automatically, the algae spore can effectively improve artificial fish shelter environment on every side after growing up to algae, strengthens poly-fish effect.
As preferably, described algae spore cultivating container comprises the cultivation bottle of a bottom opening, to cross direction profiles between the bottom some layers of iron plate are arranged from the head in the described cultivation bottle, described iron plate becomes the spatial separation of cultivating in the bottle spore of several sealings to cultivate the chamber, and described spore is cultivated in the chamber and is provided with the algae spore.Cultivate the outermost iron plate in bottle bottom at first with contact with sea water, seawater is larger to the corrosivity of iron, after the iron plate corrosion, the algae spore that first spore of close bottom stores in the chamber can be longer from cultivate bottle, thereby part algae spore also can drift out to be attached on the shirt rim of plastic bottle bottom from cultivate bottle, then grow up to various algae, thereby improve the artificial fish shelter ecotope in marine site on every side, more be fit to Fish Survival and look for food, after the outermost algae spore of algae spore seeder grows up to algae and is eaten by fish, second layer iron plate again with contact with sea water, second layer iron plate has been corroded again after a while, and the algae spore that second spore stores in the chamber can grow out again, and the marine site after the several years around the artificial fish shelter all can cover with various algae, improve the ecotope in seabed, strengthened poly-fish amount.
As preferably, described spore is cultivated in the chamber and also is provided with cotton-wool, and described algae spore is placed on spore after with the cotton-wool parcel and cultivates in the chamber.Cotton-wool plays a protective effect to the algae spore, prevents from being eaten up by juvenile fish, also provides an attachment for the growth of algae spore simultaneously.
As preferably, a described opening part of cultivating the bottle bottom is provided with the plastic grid baffle plate.After iron plate was corroded, the plastic grid baffle plate can stop that fish enter spore and cultivate in the chamber and eat up the algae spore.
As preferably, the thickness of described iron plate is between 0.35mm-0.7mm.Seawater 1 year for the etching extent of iron generally between 0.35mm-0.7mm, therefore basically can erode one deck iron plate every the year seawater, thereby open an algae spore and cultivate the chamber, the algae spore grows up to algae, algae self also can produce spore and breed, after the several years artificial fish shelter around all covered with algae and just do not needed to throw in the algae spore.
As preferably, the upper surface of described rectangular substrate, lower surface and side all are provided with cashmere-planted layer.After the iron plate corrosion, part algae spore can drift about out from the upper end of cultivating bottle and fall on the rectangular substrate, is attached on the cashmere-planted layer, thereby can grows into algae in rectangular substrate, and the environment of looking for food and perching is provided for fish.
Therefore, the present invention has that assembling is simple, and cost is low, and space availability ratio is high, adheres to and improves the ocean life at environment thereby be conducive to algae, increases the beneficial effect of poly-fish amount.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is algae spore cultivating container structural representation among the present invention.
Among the figure: 4 limberss, rectangular substrate 1 plastic bottle 2 blend stops, 3 shirt rims, 5 algae spore cultivating containers 6 are cultivated bottle 7 iron plates 8 spores and are cultivated chamber 9 plastic grid baffle plates 10
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 a kind of is convenient to the artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to, comprise a rectangular substrate 1, be evenly distributed with some row's screwed holes on the upper surface of rectangular substrate 1, be connected with the plastic bottle 2 without the bottom surface in each screwed hole, the axis of each plastic bottle 2 is vertical with fixing base 1, the some blend stops 3 of formation are cut apart in the side, bottom of plastic bottle 2, blend stop 3 outwards form shirt rim 4, tangent with the shirt rim 4, two plastic bottle 2 bottoms that row is adjacent, the sidewall of plastic bottle 2 is provided with several limberss 5, it is a relatively independent place that supplies juvenile fish to perch and take refuge in each plastic bottle, space between plastic bottle and the plastic bottle consists of another place, also can supply perching and taking refuge of some fish, therefore the space availability ratio of whole artificial fish shelter is very high, and be (can adopt Coke bottle by discarded plastic bottle, mineral water bottle etc.) connect to form, draw materials, processing, assemble all very convenient, cost is very low, use suits large area to popularize, the recovery of the plastic refuse that also solves, process a difficult problem, achieve many things at one stroke, the shirt rim that is formed by the blend stop bending of plastic bottle bottom is conducive to adhering to of algae simultaneously, growth is for juvenile fish provides a good environment of perching and looking for food; The gap that is arranged in two plastic bottles 2 at diagonal angle on the rectangular substrate 1 is provided with algae spore cultivating container 6, as shown in Figure 3, algae spore cultivating container 6 comprises the cultivation bottle 7 of a bottom opening, the head of cultivating bottle is fixed on the rectangular substrate, the upper surface of rectangular substrate, lower surface and side all are provided with cashmere-planted layer, cashmere-planted layer is conducive to adhering to of algae and grows, after the iron plate corrosion, part algae spore can out be fallen on the rectangular substrate from the upper end of cultivating bottle is elegant, be attached on the cashmere-planted layer, thereby can grow into algae in rectangular substrate, the environment of looking for food and perching is provided for fish.Cultivate in the bottle 7 and to cross direction profiles between the bottom some layers of iron plate 8 are arranged from the head; iron plate 8 becomes the spatial separation of cultivating in the bottle spore of several sealings to cultivate chamber 9; spore is cultivated in the chamber 9 and is provided with cotton-wool; being placed on spore after the algae spore wraps up with cotton-wool cultivates in the chamber; between the thickness 0.35mm-0.7mm of iron plate 8; put after the algae spore wraps up with cotton-wool and cultivate in the bottle; then cover iron plate; seal by glass cement around the iron plate and between the inwall of cultivation bottle; and then pack into cotton-wool and algae spore; cover again iron plate and seal with glass cement; the opening part of cultivating bottle 7 bottoms is provided with plastic grid baffle plate 10; cotton-wool is to provide an attachment for the growth to the algae spore; the plastic grid baffle plate is to eat up the algae spore in order to stop that fish enters in the spore cultivation chamber; thereby spore is played a protective effect; so just produced an easy algae spore cultivating container; iron plate can adopt Ni3CrRe cast iron; its thickness adopts 0.35mm; when iron plate also can adopt CuCr spheroidal graphite cast-iron; thickness adopts 0.70mm; iron plate adopts the HT200 gray iron in the present embodiment; thickness adopts 0.45mm; the seawater year is 0.45mm to the corrosion depth of HT200 gray iron; therefore can erode one deck iron plate every the year seawater; like this spore store in the chamber the algae spore can and wood chip descend slowly and lightly together near fish shelter; then growing into algae perches and looks for food for fish; after several years artificial fish shelter around all can be covered with algae, thereby improve the seabed ecotope.Therefore, the present invention has that assembling is simple, and cost is low, and space availability ratio is high, adheres to and improves the ocean life at environment thereby be conducive to algae, increases the beneficial effect of poly-fish amount.
Claims (9)
1. be convenient to the artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise a rectangular substrate (1), be evenly distributed with some row's screwed holes on the upper surface of described rectangular substrate (1), be connected with the plastic bottle (2) without the bottom surface in each screwed hole, formation some blend stops (3) are cut apart in the side, bottom of described plastic bottle (2), and described blend stop (3) outward forms shirt rim (4).
2. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 1 is characterized in that the axis of described each plastic bottle (2) is vertical with fixing base (1), and is tangent with two plastic bottles (2) shirt rims, bottom (4) that row is adjacent.
3. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the sidewall of described plastic bottle (2) is provided with several limberss (5).
4. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the gap that is arranged in two plastic bottles (2) at diagonal angle on the described rectangular substrate (1) is provided with algae spore cultivating container (6).
5. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described algae spore cultivating container (6) comprises the cultivation bottle (7) of a bottom opening, to cross direction profiles between the bottom some layers of iron plate (8) are arranged from the head in the described cultivation bottle (7), described iron plate (8) becomes the spatial separation of cultivating in the bottle spore of several sealings to cultivate chamber (9), and described spore is cultivated in the chamber (9) and is provided with the algae spore.
6. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described spore is cultivated in the chamber (9) and also is provided with cotton-wool, is placed on spore after described algae spore wraps up with cotton-wool and cultivates in the chamber.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described a kind of artificial fish shelters that algae adheres to of being convenient to, it is characterized in that a described opening part of cultivating bottle (7) bottom is provided with plastic grid baffle plate (10).
8. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 5 is characterized in that the thickness of described iron plate (8) is between 0.35mm-0.7mm.
9. a kind of artificial fish shelter that algae adheres to of being convenient to according to claim 1 is characterized in that upper surface, lower surface and the side of described rectangular substrate (1) all are provided with cashmere-planted layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210537224.7A CN103070103B (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210537224.7A CN103070103B (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103070103A true CN103070103A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
| CN103070103B CN103070103B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210537224.7A Active CN103070103B (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Artificial fish reef convenient for attaching algae |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN103070103B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106719221A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of junked tire fish shelter |
| CN110558267A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 广东航天宏图信息技术有限公司 | Straight-through type wave-flow-resistant artificial fish reef |
| CN115067255A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州珊瑚环境科技有限公司 | Multifunctional shallow water type artificial fish reef unit |
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| JPH10114929A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-05-06 | Nippon Solid Co Ltd | Assembling block body |
| KR100376784B1 (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 2003-07-10 | 한상관 | Artificial fishing bottle |
| UA73485C2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2005-08-15 | Azov Branch Of South Res Inst | Artificial reef for habitation of aquatic organisms |
| CN201451037U (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2010-05-12 | 上海海洋大学 | Precious sea product proliferation and culture type artificial reef |
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| CN102388829A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-03-28 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grouting substrate artificial fish reef |
| RU2446682C2 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2012-04-10 | Сергей Александрович Самарин | Artificial bank reef for breeding aquatic organisms |
| CN203058092U (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江海洋学院 | Artificial fish reef enabling algae to be adherent conveniently |
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2012
- 2012-12-13 CN CN201210537224.7A patent/CN103070103B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03180130A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1991-08-06 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Artificial protective reef for young fry |
| JPH08154526A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-18 | Sakai Ovex Co Ltd | Spawning reef of sepioteuthis lessoniana and method for promoting spawning of sepioteuthis lessoniana |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106719221A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of junked tire fish shelter |
| CN110558267A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 广东航天宏图信息技术有限公司 | Straight-through type wave-flow-resistant artificial fish reef |
| CN115067255A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州珊瑚环境科技有限公司 | Multifunctional shallow water type artificial fish reef unit |
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| CN103070103B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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Address after: 316000 No. 18 Sea Road, Dinghai, Dinghai, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China Patentee after: Zhejiang Ocean University Address before: 316000 No. 18 Sea Road, Dinghai, Dinghai, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China Patentee before: ZHEJIANG OCEAN University |
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Application publication date: 20130501 Assignee: ZHEJIANG HAIFU MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Zhejiang Ocean University Contract record no.: X2023980045972 Denomination of invention: An artificial fish reef that facilitates algae attachment Granted publication date: 20140611 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |