CN103063515A - Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials - Google Patents
Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103063515A CN103063515A CN2012105590025A CN201210559002A CN103063515A CN 103063515 A CN103063515 A CN 103063515A CN 2012105590025 A CN2012105590025 A CN 2012105590025A CN 201210559002 A CN201210559002 A CN 201210559002A CN 103063515 A CN103063515 A CN 103063515A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gate
- environmental cabinet
- type
- creeping
- based material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a tensile creep test device for cement-based materials. The tensile creep test device for the cement-based materials comprises a gate-type machine pillar, a gate-type loading host machine, an environmental box, a device for casting concrete samples and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) rectilinear sensor, wherein the gate-type machine pillar is connected with the gate-type loading host machine, the environmental box and the gate-type loading host machine are centered, a temperature and humidity control system is arranged inside the environmental box, the device for casting the concrete samples is drawn longitudinally by the gate-type loading host machine, and the LVDT rectilinear sensor is hanged on the device for casting the concrete samples.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of measurement and test, the cement-based material that the is specifically related to a kind of Temperature and Humidity Control proving installation of creeping that stretches.
Background technology
The humiture environment has very important impact to the intensity of cement-based material and modulus development, volume change etc.Creeping of research creep of concrete, particularly early-age concrete is necessary temperature, the humidity of Control experiment environment.But conventional Creep Apparatus is control load only.Thus, experimental enviroment is subject to indoor temperature and humidity.
Universal Material Testing Machine both domestic and external and some can be simulated high temperature with the Material Testing Machine of compact temperature environmental cabinet, such as US5015825 (Furnace for Tensile/ Fatigue), and low temperature, such as US5105626A (Apparatus for Measuring Tensile and Compressive Properties of Solid Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures).But this kind equipment can not be permanently effective controlled humidity satisfy the creep test that reaches several weeks.And large-scale environment room, fog room cost and the maintenance expense of placing creep test equipment is high.
Combining environmental case and loading equipemtn are in the difficulty of one: the controllable temperature wet environment casing that (1) can long-term work is long-pending larger, and loading equipemtn size Selection leeway is less; (2) this two system of match needs the Frame Design of system, to environmental cabinet punch, piece fixture, the local details such as web member are had relatively high expectations.The connection of multispecimen and centering (co-axially aligned) are had relatively high expectations for workholder.Some inventions in recent years, such as CN201149588Y (pavement concrete environmental simulation and performance testing device) and CN202083409U (a kind of protective housing of test bench in environmental test chamber) the stronger environmental cabinet of function is arranged, but all need loading equipemtn is placed in the environmental cabinet, take valuable interior case space, cause the volume of loading equipemtn larger when using it for the cement-based material creep test.
Loading about the stretching Creep Apparatus can be divided into static loading and dynamic load.Static loading equipment is often referred to by the carry counterweight then by lever amplification (as shown in Figure 1).The voltage stabilizing ability is incomparable, and cost is lower.But this equipment can't be realized small dynamic load unloading and displacement model and load that purposes is very limited.For mixed earth creep test, this means that this type of frame of creeping can't record the material property (such as tensile strength, elastic modulus etc.) of the necessity of creeping for simulation.Dynamic load equipment is by mobility aid, the servomechanism controller, and the data feedback system, and computer forms.Mobility aid has hydraulic piston that pneumatic piston form and motor-type are also arranged, and the movement of piston is regulated (as shown in Figure 2) by servo-valve.Computer (passing through control panel) is linked up with servo-valve, and sensor is collected dynamic data and feedback to the computer, forms the closed loop of a synchronous observing and controlling.Such loading equipemtn is applicable to multiple test.The ability of voltage stabilizing that let it be to the greatest extent, maintenance load loads not as static (counterweight), but along with the process technology progress, dynamic load equipment will be more universal.
Environmental simulation equipment and the external closed circuit loading equipemtn combination considered the advanced person are also arranged, but they not to design for the Analysis of Concrete Tensile creep test both at home and abroad.As one kind of the CN201589746U(that is suitable for metal material is used for the smog environmental device of experiment on fatigue properties), its environmental cabinet is a closed box that is fixed on the experiment on fatigue properties machine, loading equipemtn places outside the environmental cabinet.And for example be applicable to the US20090314107A1(environmental mechanical test apparatus of petroleum industry machinery component materials test), this installs the servo load control system of existing hydraulic closed circuit, and the environmental chamber of controllable temperature and pressure is arranged again.
In sum, existing Analysis of Concrete Tensile creep test equipment is also undesirable.So, be necessary to invent out a kind of concrete creep equipment that can satisfy following requirement: can control temperature, humidity, capable of dynamic, static loading unloading, thus realize environmental simulation, a tractor serves several purposes, a plurality of test specimen synchronism detections.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of simple in structure, and experimental enviroment is stable, and data are accurate, and automaticity is high, is used for the proving installation that cement-based material stretches and creeps.
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches, and this device comprises: gate-type machine pillar, gate-type load equipment and the LVDT rectilinear transducer of main frame, environmental cabinet, casting concrete test specimen; Described gate-type machine pillar loads main frame with gate-type and is connected, described environmental cabinet and gate-type load main machine centering, warm and humid control system is arranged in the described environmental cabinet, described gate-type loading main frame carries out longitudinal stretching for the equipment of casting concrete test specimen, and LVDT rectilinear transducer carry is on the equipment of casting concrete test specimen.In the described gate-type machine pillar leading screw and driver part are arranged, described gate-type loads PC, control mainboard, servomotor and the displacement transducer that image data and control system are arranged in the main frame.Perforate is all arranged at the top of described environmental cabinet and bottom, and sidewall has the line falling hole for the sensor cabling in the case.Temperature range is 0 in the described environmental cabinet
oC ~ 70
oC, the relative humidity scope is 40% ~ 90%.Described environmental cabinet places on the support, and pulley and track are arranged on the support, loads main frame so that environmental cabinet moves into or shift out gate-type.The inwall of described environmental cabinet has heat-insulation layer and humiture control system, and this system comprises compression motor, humidifier, heating tube, condenser pipe, fan, Temperature Humidity Sensor and air conditioner motor.Described environmental cabinet places between the upper grip and lower chuck in the framework, perforate all arranged up and down and the aliging with chuck of environmental cabinet, and chuck can apply axial tension to test specimen by this perforate.The equipment of described casting concrete test specimen is the cylindrical die of tandem stack up and down, between two moulds web member is arranged.In the equipment of above-mentioned casting concrete test specimen, the test specimen two ends have connecting link to reach outside the environmental cabinet from the perforate of environmental cabinet, and the chuck clamping that is loaded main frame by gate-type stretches.
Specifically, the stretch proving installation of creeping of the cement-based material of a kind of temperature controllable, humidity comprises environmental cabinet, sliding panel, test stand, charger, rectilinear transducer, servomotor, data acquistion and control system.Combine the closed circuit controlled loading of environmental cabinet and electro-hydraulic servo system.Environmental cabinet also is furnished with slideway and conveniently enters or withdraw the master trip machine.Temperature, humidity control apparatus are arranged in the environmental cabinet.Environmental cabinet places between the framework interior upper grip and lower chuck.Perforate all arranged up and down and the aliging with chuck of environmental cabinet.Chuck can apply axial tension to test specimen by this perforate.Being embedded with coupling arrangement in the test specimen is connected with chuck.In the whole process of the test, test specimen and LVDT(linear displacement transducer) be in the temperature that can independently control, humidity environment.Can put the long test specimen in parallel of 2 400 mm in the environmental cabinet.
Environmental cabinet in this device is the curing box of controllable temperature, humidity, and temperature range is 0
oC ~ 70
oC, the relative humidity scope is in 40% ~ 90%(deviation 3%).Perforate is all arranged at the bottom of the top of case, and sidewall also has the line falling hole for the sensor cabling in the case.Gate-type loads main frame and adopts closed-loop control servo loading motor, and peak load 50kN can hold two weeks of lotus.Accessory has: the mould that the casting concrete test specimen is used, test specimen centering, web member.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the frame figure that typically creeps in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is typical closed-loop control servo loading equipment drawing in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is the sketch of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the work synoptic diagram that gate-type of the present invention loads machine host.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 3 is the sketch of apparatus of the present invention.Number in the figure is: 1, connecting link; 2, LVDT rectilinear transducer; 3, web member; 4, chuck; 5, environmental cabinet; 6, environmental cabinet track; 7, gate-type machine pillar (in leading screw and driver part are arranged); 8, gate-type loads main frame (including the control mainboard, servomotor); 9, support; 10, gate-type loads the underarm of main frame; 11, the warm and humid control system of environmental cabinet (including compression motor, heating tube, condenser pipe, fan, Temperature Humidity Sensor).LVDT(Linear Variable Differential Transformer wherein) is the abbreviation of linear variable difference transformer, belongs to linear displacement transducer.Principle of work briefly is the movable transformer of iron core.It is by a primary coil, two secondary coils, and iron core, coil rack, the parts such as shell form.In the LVDT course of work, motion unshakable in one's determination can not exceed the range of linearity of coil, otherwise will produce non-linear value, so all LVDT all have a range of linearity.
Fig. 4 is the work synoptic diagram that gate-type of the present invention loads machine host, and wherein the PC machine is communicated with the control mainboard that gate-type loads main frame; PC sends instruction (as loading, unloading keeps load), is translated into control signal after the control mainboard reception computer instruction and issues servomotor.Servomotor can accurately be controlled the driver part (Fig. 3, label 7) of leading screw, and leading screw drives gate-type and loads the underarm (Fig. 3, label 10) of main frame rectangular the moving up (being that in the vertical direction moves) of leading screw.The displacement transducer that gate-type loads in the main frame records the displacement of underarm and the stress of vertical direction, and information is fed back to the control mainboard.Then control mainboard processing and displacement enlargement and stress information feed back to PC.PC sends new instruction, adjusts stress and strain.The control of whole system and information feedback form a closed loop.Gate-type loads main frame can regulate control model, and displacement control mode and time course pattern load.
Environmental cabinet places on the support, loads main machine centering (Fig. 3) with the door examination.Pulley and track are arranged on the support, load main frame so that environmental cabinet can move in and out gate-type.The environment tank wall has heat-insulation layer; There are compression motor, humidifier, heating tube, condenser pipe, fan, Temperature Humidity Sensor and air conditioner motor in the regulating temperature and humidity system.The equipment of casting concrete test specimen is in the environmental cabinet, and cylindrical concrete sample and external environment separate, and the connecting link that only has the test specimen two ends leads to outside the environmental cabinet from the duck eye of environmental cabinet.Gate-type loads the chuck crawl connecting link of main frame, and test specimen is stretched.Cylindrical concrete sample is built with custom-designed mould.Be connected to a rosette (Fig. 3, label 3) between the test specimen, there are perforate and screw thread in the centre.Disk is coated epoxy resin, then is screwed between two test specimens of wanting bonding, makes it to combine as a whole.LVDT rectilinear transducer carry measures the strain of stress distribution homogeneous area at the middle part of test specimen.
Claims (9)
1. the cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches, it is characterized in that this device comprises: gate-type machine pillar, gate-type load equipment and the LVDT rectilinear transducer of main frame, environmental cabinet, casting concrete test specimen; Described gate-type machine pillar loads main frame with gate-type and is connected, described environmental cabinet and gate-type load main machine centering, warm and humid control system is arranged in the described environmental cabinet, described gate-type loading main frame carries out longitudinal stretching for the equipment of casting concrete test specimen, and LVDT rectilinear transducer carry is on the equipment of casting concrete test specimen.
2. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described gate-type machine pillar leading screw and driver part are arranged, described gate-type loads PC, control mainboard, servomotor and the displacement transducer that image data and control system are arranged in the main frame.
3. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1 is characterized in that perforate is all arranged at the top of described environmental cabinet and bottom, and sidewall has the line falling hole for the sensor cabling in the case.
4. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1 is characterized in that temperature range is 0 in the described environmental cabinet
oC ~ 70
oC, the relative humidity scope is 40% ~ 90%.
5. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1 is characterized in that described environmental cabinet places on the support, and pulley and track are arranged on the support, loads main frame so that environmental cabinet moves into or shift out gate-type.
6. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the inwall of described environmental cabinet has heat-insulation layer and humiture control system, and this system comprises compression motor, humidifier, heating tube, condenser pipe, fan, Temperature Humidity Sensor and air conditioner motor.
7. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described environmental cabinet places between the upper grip and lower chuck in the framework, perforate all arranged up and down and the aliging with chuck of environmental cabinet, and chuck can apply axial tension to test specimen by this perforate.
8. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the equipment of described casting concrete test specimen be about the cylindrical die of tandem stack, between two moulds web member is arranged.
9. the described cement-based material proving installation of creeping that stretches according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the equipment of described casting concrete test specimen, the test specimen two ends have connecting link to reach outside the environmental cabinet from the perforate of environmental cabinet, and the chuck clamping that is loaded main frame by gate-type stretches.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210559002.5A CN103063515B (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210559002.5A CN103063515B (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103063515A true CN103063515A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| CN103063515B CN103063515B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
Family
ID=48106229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210559002.5A Active CN103063515B (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103063515B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103712855A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-04-09 | 燕山大学 | Concrete creep test method |
| CN104266923A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Gas jet-type erosive-wear testing machine |
| CN105784491A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-20 | 清华大学 | Cement-based material compression creep testing device |
| CN106501497A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of experimental rig of axial Complete Bind stress and method |
| CN107748108A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-02 | 河海大学 | It is a kind of to determine experimental rig and the method for testing that Analysis of Concrete Tensile is crept |
| CN109060555A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-21 | 清华大学 | A kind of concrete creep test device and analysis method based on four-point bending load |
| CN111707541A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 扬州大学 | Concrete uniaxial tension holding load and testing device and using method thereof |
| CN112697575A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 山东三越仪器有限公司 | Support tension-compression creep multifunctional testing machine |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010049968A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-12-13 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Apparatus for and method of measuring thermal stress of concrete structure |
| US20080178683A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | James Heathman | Testing mechanical properties |
| CN101650283A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-17 | 北京工业大学 | Mould for forming axial tensile-strength test piece of cement-based material and test method |
| CN201464294U (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-05-12 | 北京工业大学 | Device for measuring axial tensile strength of cement-based materials |
| WO2010094925A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | In situ testing of mechanical properties of cementitious material |
| CN201852742U (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 江苏大学 | Positioning and loading material testing machine |
| CN102183412A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Tension-shear coupling characteristic tester of asphalt concrete material |
| CN102607966A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 王军 | Large contact surface characteristic direct shear apparatus with cycle loading function |
| CN202471524U (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-10-03 | 泰安市路达公路仪器制造有限公司 | Bending creep test device for asphalt mixture |
| CN202522479U (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-11-07 | 山东科技大学 | Novel rock shearing seepage coupling true triaxial test system |
| CN102798573A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Cryogenic environment material mechanical performance detection test device |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 CN CN201210559002.5A patent/CN103063515B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010049968A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-12-13 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Apparatus for and method of measuring thermal stress of concrete structure |
| US20080178683A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | James Heathman | Testing mechanical properties |
| WO2010094925A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | In situ testing of mechanical properties of cementitious material |
| CN201464294U (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-05-12 | 北京工业大学 | Device for measuring axial tensile strength of cement-based materials |
| CN101650283A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-17 | 北京工业大学 | Mould for forming axial tensile-strength test piece of cement-based material and test method |
| CN201852742U (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 江苏大学 | Positioning and loading material testing machine |
| CN102183412A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Tension-shear coupling characteristic tester of asphalt concrete material |
| CN202471524U (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-10-03 | 泰安市路达公路仪器制造有限公司 | Bending creep test device for asphalt mixture |
| CN202522479U (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-11-07 | 山东科技大学 | Novel rock shearing seepage coupling true triaxial test system |
| CN102607966A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 王军 | Large contact surface characteristic direct shear apparatus with cycle loading function |
| CN102798573A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Cryogenic environment material mechanical performance detection test device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| M. PIGEON ET AL.: "Equipment for the analysis of the behaviour of concrete under restrained shrinkage at early ages", 《MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH》, vol. 52, no. 4, 31 August 2000 (2000-08-31), pages 297 - 302 * |
| 臣玉文 等: "混凝土早龄拉伸徐变的试验与理论研究", 《工程力学》, vol. 26, no. 9, 30 September 2009 (2009-09-30), pages 43 - 48 * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103712855A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-04-09 | 燕山大学 | Concrete creep test method |
| CN103712855B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2016-08-17 | 燕山大学 | A kind of method of testing of concrete creep |
| CN104266923A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Gas jet-type erosive-wear testing machine |
| CN105784491A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-20 | 清华大学 | Cement-based material compression creep testing device |
| CN106501497A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of experimental rig of axial Complete Bind stress and method |
| CN107748108A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-02 | 河海大学 | It is a kind of to determine experimental rig and the method for testing that Analysis of Concrete Tensile is crept |
| CN109060555A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-21 | 清华大学 | A kind of concrete creep test device and analysis method based on four-point bending load |
| CN109060555B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-07-21 | 清华大学 | Concrete creep testing device and analysis method based on four-point bending loading |
| CN111707541A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 扬州大学 | Concrete uniaxial tension holding load and testing device and using method thereof |
| CN112697575A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 山东三越仪器有限公司 | Support tension-compression creep multifunctional testing machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103063515B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103063515B (en) | Tensile creep test device for cement-based materials | |
| CN102853978B (en) | Testing device and method for three-dimensional static stiffness loading of machine tool | |
| AU2020101815A4 (en) | An experimental instrument for rock mass tension and compression synergy | |
| CN104697872B (en) | The micro-nano mark test method of continuous regulating temperature type high vacuum low temperature and device | |
| CN100535632C (en) | Follow-up type air-floating magneto-motive friction-free suspension device | |
| CN101441154B (en) | High precision microscopic fatigue tester | |
| CN101169356A (en) | Triaxial independent loading pressure chamber structure true triaxial apparatus | |
| CN103940599B (en) | Pneumatic muscles/cylinder integrated test system | |
| CN103698493B (en) | The multiple dimensioned grand mesoscale experiments machine of a kind of rock-soil material multi-scenarios method | |
| CN108344645A (en) | A kind of hot bend test deflection measuring apparatus and measurement method | |
| CN105259413B (en) | The miniature resistance automatic test machine of mobile phone | |
| CN105784491A (en) | Cement-based material compression creep testing device | |
| CN105158057B (en) | Apparatus and method for testing in-situ triaxial tension fatigue under multi-field coupling | |
| CN103888017B (en) | magnetostrictive actuator and magnetostrictive actuator test platform | |
| CN102967506A (en) | Middle-sized rock servo control true triaxial test device | |
| CN102175712B (en) | Measuring system and method for interface heating power coupling heat transfer coefficients | |
| CN105571947A (en) | Tensile creep testing device capable of testing multiple groups of samples synchronously under temperature and humidity control condition | |
| CN204389102U (en) | Dual force source superposing type multi-dimension force sensor calibrating installation | |
| CN206378363U (en) | Tension compression bidirectional test fixture and queen post dynamometer check system | |
| CN109556944A (en) | A kind of high throughput mechanical testing equipment | |
| CN111948077A (en) | High-temperature high-pressure composite fretting wear test device | |
| CN205656082U (en) | Geotechnique triaxial shear test equipment based on servo testing machine of MTS electricity liquid | |
| CN205404143U (en) | Hydraulic system components and parts reliability test device containing environment field | |
| CN104344987B (en) | Pulling, bending and twisting material loading testing machine | |
| CN206362625U (en) | One kind is portable to be included in test system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |