CN103063454A - Test device and test method of multi-roller threshing separation - Google Patents

Test device and test method of multi-roller threshing separation Download PDF

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CN103063454A
CN103063454A CN2012104095887A CN201210409588A CN103063454A CN 103063454 A CN103063454 A CN 103063454A CN 2012104095887 A CN2012104095887 A CN 2012104095887A CN 201210409588 A CN201210409588 A CN 201210409588A CN 103063454 A CN103063454 A CN 103063454A
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cylinder
tin roller
drive motor
top cover
threshing
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CN103063454B (en
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李耀明
徐立章
唐忠
赵湛
许太白
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method of multi-roller threshing separation. The test device of multi-roller threshing separation comprises a material conveying device, a threshing separation device, a straw crushing and throwing device, and a test and control device. The test device of multi-roller threshing separation can convey materials, separate threshing, and test for straw crushing. The material conveying device and the straw crushing and throwing device are both independently driven by a variable frequency drive motor. The threshing separation device is driven by three variable frequency drive motors and parameter is convenient to choose. Signals of a speed-torque sensor are recorded in a computer. Different feed rates can be obtained by changing thickness of material on a material conveying belt and speed of the material conveying belt. Current conditions of all kinds of harvest mechanical threshing separation can be simulated and threshing separation performance can be analyzed by adjusting parameter of the threshing separation device and changing compound modes of different threshing separation device. According to the test device and the test method of multi-roller threshing separation, defaults of the existing field experiment methods can be overcome, and more detailed and more scientific information and data can be obtained.

Description

Multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device and test method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device, mainly be applicable to the threshing detached job of the various crop such as paddy rice, rape, wheat, soybean, corn.
Background technology
Threshing performance, entrainment loss rate, seed damage rate and threshing power consumptions etc. during threshing separates are the key technical index that must control in the combine operation, directly affect operation quality and the production efficiency of united reaper.The Improvement of present each component capabilities of united reaper, mainly pass through field test, but the circumscribed impact of the parameter adjustable extent of harvest machinery field test climate, field situation and machine own, so that there are a lot of restrictions in this test method, also so that some index can't measure in real time.Be mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. the change of threshing cylinder rotating speed difficulty is difficult to obtain the threshing separating effect under the different rotating speeds.
2. the moment of torsion of threshing cylinder is difficult for measuring, and is difficult to obtain the power that sheller unit consumes.
3. the replacing of threshing cylinder and threshing element is cumbersome, the drum threshing Contrast on effect difficulty that therefore different threshing elements are arranged.
4. threshing performance, entrainment loss rate and threshing power consumption are difficult to accurate measurement.
5. can not Real Time Observation in field test, also be difficult to obtain crop is deviate from potpourri in threshing course distribution.
The purpose of field test is that multiple-roll united reaper overall performance and operation quality are carried out detecting and assessing.Be difficult to finish and will measure the characteristics of motion of seed in the threshing power consumption of different feed quantities, threshing cylinder rotating speed, concave clearance, threshing performance, entrainment loss rate, cylinder and the threshing course etc. by field test.Therefore the optimization of multiple-roll united reaper all parts is improved that only to rely on field test be inadequate, must be undertaken by a large amount of indoor bench tests.At present, about eliminating the field factor Patents that performance and the parts of multiple-roll united reaper detect is not also retrieved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that a kind of multiple-roll that provides for the above-mentioned shortcoming that overcomes existing field test existence breaks away from separation test device and test method, have parameter adjustment and make things convenient for, be convenient to measure, can reproduce the characteristics such as various operating modes, can eliminate the shortcoming that existing test method exists.
The problem that exists in order to solve field test, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: comprise that device for transporting objects is connected to installed threshing separator from the front portion by feeding mouth, crushed stalk tossed device and control desk are installed in the rear portion of installed threshing separator; The conveying belt of described device for transporting objects is driven by drive motor; Described installed threshing separator comprises cutting table auger, delivery chute, the first cylinder, second tin roller and the 3rd cylinder, described cutting table auger is connected to after the conveying belt of device for transporting objects, at the cutting table auger driving shaft a rotating speed-torque sensor B is installed, connect delivery chute behind the cutting table auger, delivery chute connects feeding mouth and the first cylinder, at the delivery chute power input shaft speed probe is installed, the first cylinder is connected to second tin roller, second tin roller is connected to the 3rd cylinder, and rotating speed-torque sensor A is installed respectively on the power input shaft of three cylinders; Described crushed stalk tossed device is arranged at after the 3rd cylinder, at crushed stalk tossed device driving shaft a rotating speed-torque sensor C is installed; The industrial computer that described speed probe, rotating speed-torque sensor A, rotating speed-torque sensor C, rotating speed-torque sensor B is connected respectively to measurement and control system detects and controls.
Above-mentioned multiple-roll breaks away from the separation test device, and it is characterized in that: cutting table auger is driven separately by a variable-frequency motor, can realize the stepless-adjustment of screw feeder rotating speed.Described multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device, it is characterized in that: described the first cylinder, second tin roller, the 3rd cylinder are driven separately by three variable-frequency motors respectively, and each cylinder all has top cover and notch board, both many threshing separation tests be can carry out, single drum threshing separation test or twin-roll threshing separation test also can be carried out.Described multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device is characterized in that: the header field of described installed threshing separator tempering clear glass, the periphery arranges high intensity illumination system, cooperates high-speed photography to record and observe.
The technical scheme that test method of the present invention adopts in turn includes the following steps:
A. start conveying belt drive motor, cutting table auger drive motor, the first drum drive motor, second tin roller drive motor, the 3rd drum drive motor, adjust the transporting velocity of conveying belt, the rotating speed of cutting table auger, the first cylinder, second tin roller, the 3rd cylinder and crushed stalk moving knife is closed conveying belt drive motor, cutting table auger drive motor, the first drum drive motor, second tin roller drive motor, the 3rd drum drive motor after adjusting;
B. the material uniform spreading is put on the belt;
C. order is opened the starting switch of crushed stalk moving knife, the 3rd cylinder, second tin roller, the first cylinder, cutting table auger, after each rotating speed of said apparatus reaches and is stabilized in previously selected parameter value, opens the conveying belt starting switch;
D. material enters the installed threshing separator feeding mouth under the drive of conveying belt, under the effect of cutting table auger, material enters delivery chute, carrier bar in the delivery chute is sent material into the first cylinder, the first cylinder High Rotation Speed, under the effect of the first cylinder top cover and the first cylinder notch board, a part of seed falls into the dolly that connects material by notch board; The material that does not purify enters second tin roller, the second tin roller High Rotation Speed, and under the effect of second tin roller top cover and second tin roller notch board, a part of seed falls into the dolly that connects material by the second tin roller notch board; The material that residue does not purify enters the 3rd cylinder, the 3rd cylinder High Rotation Speed, and under the effect of the 3rd cylinder top cover and the 3rd cylinder notch board, seed falls into the dolly that connects material by the 3rd cylinder notch board; Stalk enters the crushed stalk tossed device by the 3rd cylinder, and stalk is shed outside the machine by pulverizing under the effect of crushed stalk moving knife and stationary knife;
E. utilize measurement and control system collection, record and show the data that speed probe, rotating speed-torque sensor collect;
F. the manual material of discharging with the seed of processing the dolly that connects material, straw outlet of collecting calculates feed quantity, threshing performance, entrainment loss, seed damage rate and threshing power consumption index.
Function of the present invention is many, Real-Time Monitoring, operation adjustment convenient, can eliminate the defective that has the existence of field test method now.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention agent structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention agent structure schematic top plan view.
Fig. 3 is the panel front view of control stand 33.
Among the figure: 1 conveying belt, 2 conveying belt drive motor, 3 feeding mouths, 4 cutting table augers, 5 speed probes, 6 cutting table auger drive motor, 7 delivery chutes, 8 first cylinders, 9 first cylinder top covers, 10 first cylinder notch boards, 11 second tin rollers, 12 second tin roller top covers, 13 second tin roller notch boards, 14 the 3rd cylinders, 15 the 3rd cylinder top covers, 16 the 3rd cylinder notch boards, 17 crushed stalk tossed devices, 18 crushed stalk moving knife, 19 crushed stalk drive motor, 20 stationary knifes, 21 dollies that connect material, 22 the 3rd drum drive motors, 23 second tin roller drive motor, 24 first drum drive motors, 25 first cylinder drive shaft, 26 rotating speeds-torque sensor A, 27 second tin roller driving shafts, 28 the 3rd cylinder drive shaft, 29 crushed stalk tossed device driving shafts, 30 rotating speeds-torque sensor C, 31 cutting table auger driving shafts, 32 rotating speeds-torque sensor B, 33 control stands, 34 displays, 35 digital instruments, 36 speed governing knobs, 37 starting switches, 38 emergency stop switchs, 39 industrial computers.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device comprises that device for transporting objects is connected to the installed threshing separator front portion by feeding mouth 3, and crushed stalk tossed device 17 and control desk 35 are installed in the rear portion of installed threshing separator; The conveying belt 1 of described device for transporting objects is driven by conveying belt drive motor 2; Described installed threshing separator comprises cutting table auger 4, delivery chute 7, the first cylinder 8, second tin roller 11 and the 3rd cylinder 14, described cutting table auger 4 is connected to after the conveying belt 1 of device for transporting objects, at cutting table auger driving shaft 31 a rotating speed-torque sensor B32 is installed, cutting table auger 4 rear connection delivery chutes 7, delivery chute 7 connects feeding mouth 3 and the first cylinder 8, at the delivery chute power input shaft speed probe 5 is installed, the first cylinder 8 is connected to second tin roller 11, second tin roller 11 is connected to the 3rd cylinder 14, and rotating speed-torque sensor A26 is installed respectively on the power input shaft of three cylinders; Described crushed stalk tossed device 17 is arranged at after the 3rd cylinder 14, at crushed stalk tossed device driving shaft 29 a rotating speed-torque sensor C30 is installed.
Measurement and control system is connected respectively to industrial computer 39 with speed probe 5, rotating speed-torque sensor A26, rotating speed-torque sensor C30, rotating speed-torque sensor B32, detects and control described test unit by the monitoring software in the industrial computer 39 and the control stand 33 of measurement and control system.Cutting table auger drive motor 6 and crushed stalk drive motor 19 are variable-frequency motor, and the ratio of gear of crushed stalk tossed device is all adjusted by the belt pulley of changing different-diameter.
The first cylinder 8 is in the cavity of the first cylinder top cover 9 and the first cylinder notch board 10 compositions, the gap of the first cylinder 8 and the first cylinder top cover 9 is 40mm~60mm, the gap of the first cylinder 8 and the first cylinder notch board 10 is 30mm~50mm, and is driven by the first drum drive motor 24; Second tin roller 11 is in the cavity of second tin roller top cover 12 and second tin roller notch board 13 compositions, second tin roller 11 is 30mm~50mm with the gap of second tin roller top cover 12, second tin roller 11 is 20mm~40mm with the gap of second tin roller notch board 13, and is driven by second tin roller drive motor 23; The 3rd cylinder 14 is in the cavity of the 3rd cylinder top cover 15 and the 3rd cylinder notch board 16 compositions, the gap of the 3rd cylinder 14 and the 3rd cylinder top cover 15 is 20mm~40mm, the gap of the 3rd cylinder 14 and the 3rd cylinder notch board 16 is 10mm~30mm, and is driven by the 3rd drum drive motor 22.The first cylinder top cover 9, second tin roller top cover 12 and the 3rd cylinder top cover 15 are made with the tempering clear glass respectively, the thickness of tempered glass is 5mm~10mm, the shape of the first cylinder top cover 9, second tin roller top cover 12 and the 3rd cylinder top cover 15 is half drum-shaped, drum Inner directly is 350mm~500mm, is cast with at half drum-shaped top cover two ends highly to be the high side of 5mm~20mm.
A kind of multiple-roll threshing separation test method in turn includes the following steps:
A. start conveying belt drive motor 2, cutting table auger drive motor 6, the first drum drive motor 24, second tin roller drive motor 23, the 3rd drum drive motor 22, adjust the transporting velocity of conveying belt 1, the rotating speed of cutting table auger 4, the first cylinder 8, second tin roller 11, the 3rd cylinder 14 and crushed stalk moving knife 18 is closed conveying belt drive motor 2, cutting table auger drive motor 6, the first drum drive motor 24, second tin roller drive motor 23, the 3rd drum drive motor 22 after adjusting;
B. the material uniform spreading is put on the belt;
C. order is opened the starting switch of crushed stalk moving knife 18, the 3rd cylinder 14, second tin roller 11, the first cylinder 8, cutting table auger 4, after each rotating speed of said apparatus reaches and is stabilized in previously selected parameter value, opens conveying belt 1 starting switch;
D. material enters installed threshing separator feeding mouth 3 under the drive of conveying belt, under the effect of cutting table auger 4, material enters delivery chute 7, carrier bar in the delivery chute 7 is sent material into the first cylinder 8, the first cylinder 8 High Rotation Speeds, under the effect of the first cylinder top cover 9 and the first cylinder notch board 10, a part of seed falls into the dolly 21 that connects material by notch board 10; The material that does not purify enters second tin roller 11, second tin roller 11 High Rotation Speeds, and under the effect of second tin roller top cover 12 and second tin roller notch board 13, a part of seed falls into the dolly 21 that connects material by second tin roller notch board 13; The material that residue does not purify enters the 3rd cylinder 14, the three cylinders 14 High Rotation Speeds, and under the effect of the 3rd cylinder top cover 15 and the 3rd cylinder notch board 16, seed falls into the dolly 21 that connects material by the 3rd cylinder notch board 16; Stalk enters crushed stalk tossed device 17 by the 3rd cylinder 14, and stalk is shed outside the machine by pulverizing under the effect of crushed stalk moving knife 18 and stationary knife 20;
E. utilize measurement and control system collection, record and show the data that speed probe 5, rotating speed-torque sensor collect;
F. the manual material of discharging with the seed of processing the dolly 21 that connects material, straw outlet of collecting calculates feed quantity, threshing performance, entrainment loss, seed damage rate and threshing power consumption index.
Be described further below in conjunction with a kind of multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device specific implementation process of accompanying drawing to concrete model of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, comprise that mainly device for transporting objects, installed threshing separator, stalk shed reducing mechanism and Detection ﹠ Controling device.Conveying device comprises conveying belt drive motor 2, conveying belt 1 and stretching pulley.Can adjust according to needed feed quantity the rotating speed of conveying belt drive motor 2 during test.Installed threshing separator comprises draws together cutting table auger 4, at cutting table auger driving shaft 31 a rotating speed-torque sensor 32 is installed, and range is 0~± 400Nm, 0~1000rpm, the variation of measuring cutting table auger driving torque and rotating speed in the process of the test; Delivery chute 7 connects feeding mouth 3 and the first cylinder 8, at the delivery chute power input shaft speed probe 5 is installed, and range is 0~800rpm, measures the rotating speed of delivery chute; The first cylinder 8 is connected to second tin roller 11, second tin roller 11 is connected to the 3rd cylinder 14, three rotating speed-torque sensors 26 are installed respectively on the power input shaft of three cylinders, range is 0~± 500Nm, 0~1000rpm, the variation of measuring each drum drive moment of torsion and rotating speed in the process of the test.Crushed stalk tossed device 17 comprises crushed stalk moving knife 18, crushed stalk tossed device drive motor 19, stationary knife 20, at crushed stalk tossed device driving shaft 29 a rotating speed-torque sensor 30 is installed, range is 0~± 100Nm, 0~1000rpm, the variation of measuring crushed stalk tossed device driving torque and rotating speed in the process of the test.
Installed threshing separator both can carry out multiple-roll threshing separation test as shown in Figure 1, also can carry out single drum threshing separation test or twin-roll threshing separation test.When carrying out single drum threshing separation test, disassemble second tin roller 11 and the 3rd cylinder 14, use the first cylinder 8; When carrying out twin-roll threshing separation test, disassemble the 3rd cylinder 14, use the first cylinder 8 and second tin roller 11.
Speed probe 5, rotating speed-torque sensor 26, rotating speed-torque sensor 30, rotating speed-torque sensor 32 are connected respectively to industrial computer 39, detect and control with the control stand 33 that industrial computer 39 is installed by the monitoring software that is installed in the industrial computer 39.Starting switch 37 on the operator's console 33 is used for controlling the start and stop of each moving component, and speed governing knob 36 is used for controlling each moving component speed, uses scram button 38 to prevent accident when abnormal occurrence occurring.
During test, at first power-on checks and detects the control system circuit, guarantees in good condition; Then TT﹠C system is carried out the parameter setting, conveying belt speed is transferred to required size, and cutting table auger, three cylinders, crushed stalk moving knife rotating speeds are transferred to disable motor behind the required rotating speed.To test the material uniform spreading is placed on the conveying belt 1, order is opened crushed stalk and is shed drive motor 19, the 3rd drum drive motor 22, second tin roller drive motor 23, the first drum drive motor 24 and cutting table auger driving electricity 6, after device reaches and is stabilized in previously selected parameter, open drive motor 2.In the process of the test, the information such as conveying belt speed directly are recorded in the industrial computer 39; Utilize the collection of Detection ﹠ Controling device, record and show the data that speed probe 5, rotating speed-torque sensor 26, rotating speed-torque sensor 30, rotating speed-torque sensor 32 collect.For ease of observing material in the motion in threshing space, the separating part side plate of installed threshing separator is made with the tempering clear glass, and the periphery arranges high intensity illumination system, cooperates high-speed photography, process through image, can obtain the characteristics of motion of material in threshing blanking process.Close each control device switch during off-test, the Detection ﹠ Controling device records automatically preserves whole process of the test data, reaches test objective.

Claims (6)

1. multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device, it is characterized in that, comprise that device for transporting objects passes through feeding mouth (3) and is connected to the installed threshing separator front portion, crushed stalk tossed device (17) and control desk (35) are installed in the rear portion of installed threshing separator; The conveying belt of described device for transporting objects (1) is driven by conveying belt drive motor (2); Described installed threshing separator comprises cutting table auger (4), delivery chute (7), the first cylinder (8), second tin roller (11) and the 3rd cylinder (14), the conveying belt (1) that described cutting table auger (4) is connected to device for transporting objects afterwards, at cutting table auger driving shaft (31) a rotating speed-torque sensor B(32 is installed), connect delivery chute (7) behind the cutting table auger (4), delivery chute (7) connects feeding mouth (3) and the first cylinder (8), at the delivery chute power input shaft speed probe (5) is installed, the first cylinder (8) is connected to second tin roller (11), second tin roller (11) is connected to the 3rd cylinder (14), and rotating speed-torque sensor A(26 is installed respectively on the power input shaft of three cylinders); Described crushed stalk tossed device (17) is arranged at the 3rd cylinder (14) afterwards, at crushed stalk tossed device driving shaft (29) a rotating speed-torque sensor C(30 is installed).
2. multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise measurement and control system, described measurement and control system is with speed probe (5), rotating speed-torque sensor A(26), rotating speed-torque sensor C(30), rotating speed-torque sensor B(32) be connected respectively to industrial computer (39), detect and control described test unit by the monitoring software in the industrial computer (39) and the control stand (33) of measurement and control system.
3. multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutting table auger drive motor (6) and crushed stalk drive motor (19) are variable-frequency motor, and the ratio of gear of crushed stalk tossed device is adjusted by the belt pulley of changing different-diameter.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described multiple-roll Threshing Separation Devices, it is characterized in that: described the first cylinder (8) is in the cavity that the first cylinder top cover (9) and the first cylinder notch board (10) form, and the first cylinder (8) and first rolls
The gap of cylinder top cover (9) is 40mm~60mm, and the first cylinder (8) is 30mm~50mm with the gap of the first cylinder notch board (10), and the first cylinder (8) is driven by the first drum drive motor (24); Second tin roller (11) is in the cavity of second tin roller top cover (12) and second tin roller notch board (13) composition, second tin roller (11) is 30mm~50mm with the gap of second tin roller top cover (12), second tin roller (11) is 20mm~40mm with the gap of second tin roller notch board (13), and second tin roller (11) is driven by second tin roller drive motor (23); The 3rd cylinder (14) is in the cavity of the 3rd cylinder top cover (15) and the 3rd cylinder notch board (16) composition, the 3rd cylinder (14) is 20mm~40mm with the gap of the 3rd cylinder top cover (15), the 3rd cylinder (14) is 10mm~30mm with the gap of the 3rd cylinder notch board (16), and the 3rd cylinder (14) is driven by the 3rd drum drive motor (22).
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described multiple-roll Threshing Separation Devices, it is characterized in that: the first cylinder top cover (9), second tin roller top cover (12) and the 3rd cylinder top cover (15) are made with transparent toughened glass respectively, the thickness of tempered glass is 5mm~10mm, the shape of the first cylinder top cover (9), second tin roller top cover (12) and the 3rd cylinder top cover (15) is half drum-shaped, drum Inner directly is 350mm~500mm, is cast with at half drum-shaped top cover two ends highly to be the high side of 5mm~20mm.
6. implement the test method of a kind of multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in turn including the following steps:
A. start conveying belt drive motor (2), cutting table auger drive motor (6), the first drum drive motor (24), second tin roller drive motor (23), the 3rd drum drive motor (22), adjust the transporting velocity of conveying belt (1), cutting table auger (4), the first cylinder (8), second tin roller (11), the rotating speed of the 3rd cylinder (14) and crushed stalk moving knife (18) is closed conveying belt drive motor (2) after adjusting, cutting table auger drive motor (6), the first drum drive motor (24), second tin roller drive motor (23), the 3rd drum drive motor (22);
B. the material uniform spreading is put on the belt;
C. order is opened the starting switch of crushed stalk moving knife (18), the 3rd cylinder (14), second tin roller (11), the first cylinder (8), cutting table auger (4), after crushed stalk moving knife (18), the 3rd cylinder (14), second tin roller (11), the first cylinder (8), each rotating speed of cutting table auger (4) reach and be stabilized in previously selected parameter value, open conveying belt (1) starting switch;
D. material enters installed threshing separator feeding mouth (3) under the drive of conveying belt, under the effect of cutting table auger (4), material enters delivery chute (7), carrier bar in the delivery chute (7) is sent material into the first cylinder (8), under the effect of the first cylinder top cover (9) and the first cylinder notch board (10), a part of seed falls into the dolly that connects material (21) by notch board (10); The material that does not purify enters second tin roller (11), and under the effect of second tin roller top cover (12) and second tin roller notch board (13), a part of seed falls into the dolly that connects material (21) by second tin roller notch board (13); The material that another part does not purify enters the 3rd cylinder (14), and under the effect of the 3rd cylinder top cover (15) and the 3rd cylinder notch board (16), seed falls into the dolly that connects material (21) by the 3rd cylinder notch board (16); Stalk enters crushed stalk tossed device (17) by the 3rd cylinder (14), and stalk is shed outside the machine by pulverizing under the effect of crushed stalk moving knife (18) and stationary knife (20);
E. utilize measurement and control system collection, record and show the data that speed probe (5), rotating speed-torque sensor collect;
F. manual the collection and processing the connect material seed of dolly (21), the material that straw outlet is discharged calculates feed quantity, threshing performance, entrainment loss, seed damage rate and threshing power consumption index.
CN201210409588.7A 2012-10-24 2012-10-24 Multiple-roll Threshing Separation Device and test method Active CN103063454B (en)

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CN105841982A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-08-10 金华职业技术学院 Test device for combine harvester
CN107290141A (en) * 2017-06-28 2017-10-24 中南大学 A kind of revolving cylinder testing stand
CN113899409A (en) * 2021-12-13 2022-01-07 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Threshing part regulation and control test device and method

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