CN103060524B - 利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺 - Google Patents

利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺 Download PDF

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CN103060524B
CN103060524B CN201310020162.7A CN201310020162A CN103060524B CN 103060524 B CN103060524 B CN 103060524B CN 201310020162 A CN201310020162 A CN 201310020162A CN 103060524 B CN103060524 B CN 103060524B
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张春雨
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Hunan Zhongxin New Materials Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺,属于铁合金制备技术领域。本发明先将钒磁铁精矿与NaCO3混合投入电炉中,熔炼出铁水和含钒浮渣;铁水雾化为铁粉制得硫酸铁溶液;含钒浮渣通过水浸为钒溶液;将硫酸铁溶液按比例导入钒溶液中,加热,得到钒酸铁沉淀物;钒酸铁干燥后,再按比例配加铝粒和氧化钙,加入电弧炉中进行冶炼,生成FeV80钒铁。本发明在满足环保要求的前提下,利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼制得钒重量百分比在70%-80%的钒铁合金,而且通过在冶炼过程中大幅度地提高还原剂的利用率,降低了生产成本。

Description

利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及铁合金制备技术领域,特别是涉及利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺。
背景技术
钒铁主要用作炼钢的合金添加剂。钢中加入钒铁之后,可以显著提高钢的硬度、强度、耐磨度、延展性等物理特性,应用广泛。钒铁分为FeV40、FeV50、FeV80牌号,其中FeV80钒铁需求量逐年增大。冶炼钒铁方法一般都是由钒渣直接冶炼钒铁,不同的生产厂家根据不同的钒渣成分含量,具体做法也不尽相同。常见的是从钒磁铁矿或高钒铁炉渣中提取钒的工艺是将钒磁铁矿粉或高钒铁炉渣烧结、先冶炼含钒生铁再吹炼成钒渣,对钒渣进行提钒处理得到五氧化二钒,再将五氧化二钒和铝反应自身放热来完成钒铁生产。而提钒多采用的是酸性铵盐沉钒工艺,但是此工艺的沉钒废水中含有大量NH4 +、V5+、Cr6+等有害离子,导致废水氨氮、COD、重金属等多项指标不合格,不能达到国家排放标准,而且恶劣的生产环境严重损害着操作人员的身体健康。对沉钒废水的无公害处理,很大程度的增加了生产成本。
通常钒磁铁矿成分为(Fe2+、Fe3+、V2O3、含V2O5在5%以下。是含钒的磁铁矿亚种,性质与磁铁矿相似。
2008年1月16日,中国发明专利申请公开号CNl01104891A,提供了一种从钒的低含量溶液中制取钒铁的方法,该方法先将溶液的pH值调节至5-6,然后加入二价的铁离子,再调节溶液的pH为7-8.5,生成沉淀,调整沉淀中钒和铁的比例,在沉淀中加入铝粒和石灰,混合均匀,放入感应炉中升温反应生产不同的钒铁。在该方法中,因为在酸性溶液中部分Fe2+会氧化为Fe3+同时部分VO3-会还原为四价钒氧基离子VO2+,所以生成的沉淀物是组成不固定的混合物,其中有Fe(VO3)2、Fe(VO3)3、VO2·xH2O和Fe(OH)2等。由于该方法所得到的钒酸铁中钒和铁的高低价的氧化物共存,所以该方法难以稳定的进行生产。此外,由于该方法所得到的钒酸铁沉淀物中V/Fe摩尔比为1:1,所以这种钒酸铁沉淀物一般用来生产钒含量在50%以下的钒铁,且还原剂利用率低,生产成本高,缺乏经济性,从而难以实现大规模生产。
发明内容
为解决传统工艺中的环境污染和高成本等问题,本发明提供一种利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺,可以实现大规模生产钒重量百分比在70%-80%的钒铁合金。
本发明的一种利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺,包括以下步骤:
①将钒磁铁精矿与NaCO3混合投入电炉中,NaCO3的投入量按钒磁铁精矿中含钒重量的1.8倍计;加热至1500℃-1800℃,熔炼3小时后倒入铁水包内,当温度降到1250℃时向熔体中吹入富氧空气,撇出含钒浮渣;
②将铁水包内熔融的铁水倒入铁水中间包;由铁水中间包将熔融的铁水送入非氧化性气氛中的气雾化系统,在气雾化系统中,熔融的铁水进入喷嘴,雾化器对熔融的铁水喷粉,喷粉冷却,落入雾化室下侧的集料器,经送料管进出为铁粉;将铁粉加入过量的浓度为1M稀硫酸溶解,得到硫酸亚铁和稀硫酸混合液;向混合液中加双氧水,直到硫酸亚铁溶液由淡绿色变为黄色为止,得到硫酸铁溶液;
③把步骤①所撇出含钒浮渣经冷却、磨碎成粉,通过水浸将钒浮渣中可溶物溶解到水中获得钒酸钠溶液,历经2-4小时沉淀,取上清液为钒溶液;在搅拌条件下,将钒溶液加热至50-60℃,调节pH值至5-6;将硫酸铁溶液按比例导入钒溶液中,以形成钒元素和铁元素摩尔比为3:1的混合溶液;加热该混合溶液至沸腾,反应至少45min,得到钒酸铁沉淀物;
④将沉淀有钒酸铁的溶液静置30min,排出上清液;采用板框压滤机,来洗涤并过滤钒酸铁沉淀物,然后将钒酸铁在300℃干燥1h,使得干燥后的钒酸铁中H2O的含量小于1%; 
⑤取干燥后的钒酸铁,按比例配加铝粒和氧化钙,并将物料混合均匀形成冶炼炉料,其中,铝粒的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.42倍,氧化钙的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.09倍;将冶炼炉料加入电弧炉中进行冶炼,以生成FeV80钒铁。
综上所述,在满足环保要求的前提下,本发明利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼制得钒重量百分比在70%-80%的钒铁合金,而且通过在冶炼过程中大幅度地提高还原剂的利用率,降低了生产成本。
本发明与现有技术相比,创造性地把电炉冶炼方法除铁和水浸湿法冶炼提钒工艺结合在一起,并突破了两大技术关键,其一是利用冶炼浮渣技术可以将钒磁铁精矿的铁与含钒渣彻底分离,创新了提钒工艺;其二是利用雾化技术将铁水直接雾化为铁粉;高效率制得了硫酸铁溶液;其三是为达到生产合格钒铁产品,巧妙地控制硫酸铁溶液与钒溶液的比例;达到较好的控制效果;本发明工艺简单、投资少、回收率可达75-82%、冶炼产品符合国家标准GB/T 4139-2004 FeV80A.B牌号,合格率大于95%。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例对本发明进行描述。
一种利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺,包括以下步骤:
①将钒磁铁精矿与NaCO3混合投入电炉中,NaCO3的投入量按钒磁铁精矿中含钒重量的1.8倍计;加热至1500℃-1800℃,熔炼3小时后倒入铁水包内,当温度降到1250℃时向熔体中吹入富氧空气,撇出含钒浮渣;
②将铁水包内熔融的铁水倒入铁水中间包;由铁水中间包将熔融的铁水送入非氧化性气氛中的气雾化系统,在气雾化系统中,熔融的铁水进入喷嘴,雾化器对熔融的铁水喷粉,喷粉冷却,落入雾化室下侧的集料器,经送料管进出为铁粉;将铁粉加入过量的浓度为1M稀硫酸溶解,得到硫酸亚铁和稀硫酸混合液;向混合液中加双氧水,直到硫酸亚铁溶液由淡绿色变为黄色为止,得到硫酸铁溶液;
③把步骤①所撇出含钒浮渣经冷却、磨碎成粉,通过水浸将钒浮渣中可溶物溶解到水中获得钒酸钠溶液,历经2-4小时沉淀,取上清液为钒溶液;在搅拌条件下,将钒溶液加热至50-60℃,调节pH值至5-6;将硫酸铁溶液按比例导入钒溶液中,以形成钒元素和铁元素摩尔比为3:1的混合溶液;加热该混合溶液至沸腾,反应至少45min,得到钒酸铁沉淀物;
④将沉淀有钒酸铁的溶液静置30min,排出上清液;采用板框压滤机,来洗涤并过滤钒酸铁沉淀物,然后将钒酸铁在300℃干燥1h,使得干燥后的钒酸铁中H2O的含量小于1%;在此,钒酸铁中个元素的重量百分比为:钒40%,铁15%,硅≤0.1%,磷≤0.1%,硫≤0.1%,铬≤0.01%,钾和钠的和≤1%,余量为氧;
⑤取干燥后的钒酸铁,按比例配加铝粒和氧化钙,并将物料混合均匀形成冶炼炉料,其中,铝粒的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.42倍,氧化钙的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.09倍;将冶炼炉料加入电弧炉中进行冶炼,得到重量百分比如下的钒铁:钒70-80%,碳≤0.2%,硅≤0.1%,磷≤0,1%,硫≤0.1%,铝≤2.0%,锰≤0.5%,铬≤0.01%,钾≤0.05%,钠≤0.05%,余量为铁。

Claims (1)

1.一种利用钒磁铁精矿提钒冶炼FeV80钒铁的工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
①将钒磁铁精矿与Na2CO3混合投入电炉中,Na2CO3的投入量按钒磁铁精矿中含钒重量的1.8倍计;加热至1500℃-1800℃,熔炼3小时后倒入铁水包内,当温度降到1250℃时向熔体中吹入富氧空气,撇出含钒浮渣;
②将铁水包内熔融的铁水倒入铁水中间包;由铁水中间包将熔融的铁水送入非氧化性气氛中的气雾化系统,在气雾化系统中,熔融的铁水进入喷嘴,雾化器对熔融的铁水喷粉,喷粉冷却,落入雾化室下侧的集料器,经送料管送出为铁粉;将铁粉加入过量的浓度为1M稀硫酸溶解,得到硫酸亚铁和稀硫酸混合液;向混合液中加双氧水,直到硫酸亚铁溶液由淡绿色变为黄色为止,得到硫酸铁溶液;
③把步骤①所撇出含钒浮渣经冷却、磨碎成粉,通过水浸将钒浮渣中可溶物溶解到水中获得钒酸钠溶液,历经2-4小时沉淀,取上清液为钒溶液;在搅拌条件下,将钒溶液加热至50-60℃,调节pH值至5-6;将硫酸铁溶液按比例导入钒溶液中,以形成钒元素和铁元素摩尔比为3:1的混合溶液;加热该混合溶液至沸腾,反应至少45min,得到钒酸铁沉淀物;
④将沉淀有钒酸铁的溶液静置30min,排出上清液;采用板框压滤机,来洗涤并过滤钒酸铁沉淀物,然后将钒酸铁在300℃干燥1h,使得干燥后的钒酸铁中H2O的含量小于1%; 
⑤取干燥后的钒酸铁,按比例配加铝粒和氧化钙,并将物料混合均匀形成冶炼炉料,其中,铝粒的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.42倍,氧化钙的加入重量为钒酸铁重量的0.09倍;将冶炼炉料加入电弧炉中进行冶炼,以生成FeV80钒铁。
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