CN103059527B - Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material which is mainly prepared by the following steps: catalyzing high polymer starch polylactic acid by a catalyst at high speed and high temperature to change the molecular weight, thereby obtaining a plastic four-way-tensile polylactic acid master batch; grinding agricultural waste or residual waste after agricultural processing at high speed by utilizing the physical principle of cooling to obtain powder with required particle size, sterilizing at high temperature, and carrying out emulsification polymerization with starch to obtain a plant fiber filler; and finally, mixing the polylactic acid master batch, plant fiber filler and modifier according to required proportion, polymerizing at high temperature (190-210 DEG C) to obtain the biodegradable composite raw material applicable to various natural, non-toxic, green and environment-friendly products.

Description

Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material

Technical field

The invention relates to a kind of compound material of poly(lactic acid) vegetable fibre, espespecially one can replace the decomposable asymmetric choice net raw material that the environmental protection goods such as traditional petrochemicals and wood-based planet are used.

Background technology

Petrochemical industry plastics are used in Different Industries widely, no matter therefore industrialness product, consumption character product or daily necessities etc. are all found everywhere, although it is in industry or in lifely bring many accessibility, but because plastic prod easily discharges toxic substance when the high temperature, and itself is not easily decomposed, more can discharge toxic gas during burning disposal and polluted air, great harm is caused to the mankind and ecotope.Therefore along with the increase of traditional petroleum chemicals, instant stage has been arrived in environmental pollution, although Plastic Bottle reclaims and makes other stopping composition or raw material use by existing relevant dealer in recent years, but only lid plastic prod is become another kind of form from a kind of form, but cannot reach the real purpose that really can be decomposed into environmental protection.

Moreover, the lifting of recent global environmental consciousness, the world organization such as United Nations, European Union have passed the environmental protection agreement of part already, also list clear and definite limiting the use of the time limit for high pollution, harmful waste sci-tech product; Therefore face the future the trend of environmental protection, and one can save natural resource, avoid objectionable impurities to produce, and can replace traditional petrochemicals, and real nuisanceless reproducible green material technology has become the primary goal of related industries development.

In view of this, inventor, for the demand, grinds with great concentration through for a long time and thinks have the present invention derivative eventually.

Summary of the invention

Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material, not only has natural, nontoxic, environmental protection, the forever good characteristic such as continuous, and can be decomposed completely and return in physical environment.

Another object of the present invention is providing a kind of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material, its obtained product have can tension, can crashproof, waterproof, can anti-wet goods characteristic, therefore general petrochemical industry plastics can be replaced, to reduce the dependence to petroleum resources, decrease the pollution to ecotope simultaneously.

An object again of the present invention is providing a kind of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material, and its desirable substitute wood materials application, in fields such as building, decoration and furniture, reduces the felling to trees, to safeguard and to treasure the natural eubiosis.

For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved in that a kind of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material, mainly complying with required ratio through being polymerized by poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent, it is characterized in that comprising following step:

A. by polymer starch via catalyzer catalysis in high-speed and high-temperature, make its molecular weight change over plasticity-, there is the poly(lactic acid) masterbatch that can stretch on four sides;

B. the waste (as rice husk, Tapioca Starch) of agricultural wastes (as corn stem, cotton branch stalk, millet stalk) or agricultural machining residue is utilized, physical principle through cooling wears at a high speed the vegetable fibre powder of required size of particles order number, then carries out High Temperature Sterilization and starch carries out emulsion polymerization to make vegetable fibre stopping composition;

C. poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent are puddled mixing according to required ratio allotment;

D. with 190 DEG C ~ 210 DEG C high temperature by mixing raw material catalyzed polymerization in addition.

Described poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent comply with required ratio through being polymerized, wherein adopting with the polymer starch of 35% ~ 45% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis is poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition of 35% ~ 55% ratio again, and it is mixed with the modification agent of 10% ~ 15% ratio, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, makes the raw material of film or packing bag.

Described poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent are polymerized according to required ratio, wherein adopting with the polymer starch of 25% ~ 35% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis is poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition of 45% ~ 55% ratio again, and the modification agent mixed with 15% ~ 20%, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, makes the raw material of injection moulding calendering slab products.

Also include step e. via extruder grain working method, to make the feed particles of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material.

The concrete composition of described modification agent and proportioning are as follows in mass ratio:

Amylose starch 40 ~ 55%

Calcium carbonate, mica powder or kaolin 40 ~ 55%

Glycerine 0.75 ~ 3%

Ethylene glycol 0.75 ~ 3%

Epoxy soybean oil 2 ~ 8%

Sorbic Acid 1 ~ 4%

Urea 0.25 ~ 1%

Coupling agent 0.01 ~ 0.015%

Crust ferment 0.01%

Withered grass bacterium 0.01%.

Other features of the present invention and specific embodiment in the detailed description of following cooperation accompanying drawing, can be understood further.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The present invention is further illustrated in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is manufacturing process schematic diagram of the present invention.

Main element nomenclature:

10 poly(lactic acid) masterbatch

11 polymer starch

12 catalyzer

20 vegetable fibre stopping composition

21 vegetable fibre powder

22 starch

30 modification agents.

Embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1, is the manufacturing process schematic diagram of a kind of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material of the present invention, and mainly comply with required ratio through being polymerized by poly(lactic acid) masterbatch 10, vegetable fibre stopping composition 20 and modification agent 30, its manufacture method is as follows:

A. by polymer starch 11 via catalyzer 12 catalysis in high-speed and high-temperature, make its molecular weight change over plasticity-, there is the poly(lactic acid) masterbatch 10 that can stretch on four sides;

B. the waste (as rice husk, Tapioca Starch) of agricultural wastes (as corn stem, cotton branch stalk, millet stalk) or agricultural machining residue is utilized, physical principle through cooling wears at a high speed the vegetable fibre powder 21 of required size of particles order number, then carries out High Temperature Sterilization and starch 22 carries out emulsion polymerization to make vegetable fibre stopping composition 20;

C. poly(lactic acid) masterbatch 10, vegetable fibre stopping composition 20 and modification agent are complied with ratio allotment needed for 30 and puddle mixing;

D. with 190 DEG C ~ 210 DEG C high temperature by mixing raw material catalyzed polymerization in addition;

E. finally by by extruder grain working method, to make the feed particles of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material.Whereby, then various environmental protection goods can be obtained for each industry.

Concrete composition and the proportioning of described modification agent 30 are as follows in mass ratio:

Amylose starch 40 ~ 55%

Calcium carbonate, mica powder or kaolin 40 ~ 55%

Glycerine 0.75 ~ 3%

Ethylene glycol 0.75 ~ 3%

Epoxy soybean oil 2 ~ 8%

Sorbic Acid 1 ~ 4%

Urea 0.25 ~ 1%

Coupling agent 0.01 ~ 0.015%

Crust ferment 0.01%

Withered grass bacterium 0.01%.

And above-mentioned Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material is in time implementing, according to each raw material adopt mix in varing proportions time, different extension characteristics can be obtained, such as when becoming farm land coating film for making, it can be adopted with the polymer starch 11 of 35% ~ 45% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis is poly(lactic acid) masterbatch 10, mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition 20 of 35% ~ 55% ratio again, and it is mixed with the modification agent 30 of 10% ~ 15% ratio, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, and the product that obtained feed particles then can be applicable to make film or packing bag class uses; As film based articles such as farm land covering film, packing of product film, laminating film, preservative film, paper films.Particularly when being used in farm land mulch film, because of its have waterproof, grease proofing and sunlight the characteristic such as can to cover.

The Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material of the present invention is when being made for a kind of farm land coating film, and it is derivative has following characteristic and effect:

1. have and can suppress weed growth;

2. soil can be made to have moisture-keeping function, contribute to the growth of agricultural crops;

3. when needing again whole after farm crop have been gathered, this farm land mulch film can be stirred together with soil puddles in soil, and this mulch film because can being resolved into carbonic acid gas and water in soil for biology, not only there is no the problems such as environmental pollution, also can be soil brings nutrient to help the growth of farm crop simultaneously, therefore can be overall farming environment and forms good ecological circulation effect.

Another embodiment of the present invention again, according to each originally adopted mix in varing proportions time, different extension characteristics can be obtained, such as when becoming injection moulding calendering panel material for making, it can be adopted with the polymer starch 11 of 25% ~ 35% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis is poly(lactic acid) masterbatch 10, mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition 20 of 45% ~ 55% ratio again, and the modification agent 30 mixed with 15% ~ 20%, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, its obtained feed particles then can pass through various forming process machining, so as to the environmental protection goods of obtained various injection moulding calendering plate class; And injection moulding calendering slab products have can tension, can crashproof, waterproof, can anti-wet goods characteristic, therefore can replace traditional petrochemicals, as being applied to tableware, container, consumption electronic products, agricultural plant products such as planting nursery material, various product packing timber, daily necessities, textile fibres.

Moreover the decomposable asymmetric choice net material feedstock particle of the present invention also can roll compacting according to user demand and is made the larger compressed sheet of thickness, and be applied in the fields such as building, decoration and furniture, replace wooden materials whereby to reduce the felling to trees.Particularly be applicable to the single use sheet material series products of special purpose, as coffin.The waste to forest tree resource can be reduced, and in time burning, also can not produce toxic substance and cause environmental pollution.

As from the foregoing, set by the present invention, decomposable asymmetric choice net material has following practicality a little:

1. to be all taken from natural crops made for the main raw material of the present invention, and its vegetable fibre stopping composition utilize agricultural wastes or agricultural machining especially after the castoff regenerative of giving birth to use, not only have outside environmental protection effect of resource reclaim recycling, have more and obtain convenience, cheap industrial advantage;

2. the Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material of the present invention, because the physical properties of its goods has more excellent characteristic than traditional petrochemicals, and be no longer raw material with oil, therefore the dependence of the limited resources to oil can be reduced, there is the feature of Sustainable Development, also indirectly reduce the pollution substance produced in the processing procedures such as crude oil refinery simultaneously.

3. the product that the present invention is obtained, not only meets the requirement of environmental protection, cuts ecotope very friendly all energy natural decomposition.

In sum, the present invention really can reach desired object, can take from nature completely, and decomposition returns in nature, reaches effect of resources circulation, more can meet the idea of environmental protection Sustainable Development completely, in fact there is the value that industry utilizes, then propose patent application in accordance with the law.

Only as described above, be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when can not limit the scope of the invention process with this; Therefore all simple equivalences done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims and description of the invention content change and modify, and all should be still covered by the present invention within the scope of the patent.

Claims (2)

1. a Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material, mainly complying with required ratio through being polymerized by poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent, it is characterized in that comprising following step:

A. by polymer starch via catalyzer catalysis in high-speed and high-temperature, make its molecular weight change over plasticity-, there is the poly(lactic acid) masterbatch that can stretch on four sides;

The waste of the agricultural wastes b. utilized or agricultural machining residue, the physical principle through cooling wears at a high speed the vegetable fibre powder of required size of particles order number, then carries out High Temperature Sterilization and starch carries out emulsion polymerization to make vegetable fibre stopping composition; Described agricultural wastes adopt corn stem, cotton branch stalk or millet stalk; The waste of agricultural machining residue adopts rice husk, Tapioca Starch;

C. poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, vegetable fibre stopping composition and modification agent are puddled mixing according to required ratio allotment; Wherein to adopt with the polymer starch of 35% ~ 45% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis as poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition of 35% ~ 55% ratio again, and mixed with the modification agent of 10% ~ 15% ratio, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, makes the raw material of film or packing bag; Or, wherein to adopt with the polymer starch of 25% ~ 35% ratio through high-speed and high-temperature catalysis for poly(lactic acid) masterbatch, more mixed with the vegetable fibre stopping composition of 45% ~ 55% ratio, and mixed with 15% ~ 20% modification agent, entirety is allocated puddles mixing, makes the raw material of injection moulding calendering slab products;

Wherein, the concrete composition of described modification agent and proportioning as follows in mass ratio:

D. with 190 DEG C ~ 210 DEG C high temperature by mixing raw material catalyzed polymerization in addition.

2. Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also include step e. via extruder grain working method, to make the feed particles of Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material.