CN103058136A - Microwave plasma online hydrogen production system of vehicle fuel - Google Patents
Microwave plasma online hydrogen production system of vehicle fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103058136A CN103058136A CN2012104959899A CN201210495989A CN103058136A CN 103058136 A CN103058136 A CN 103058136A CN 2012104959899 A CN2012104959899 A CN 2012104959899A CN 201210495989 A CN201210495989 A CN 201210495989A CN 103058136 A CN103058136 A CN 103058136A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave plasma online hydrogen production system of a vehicle fuel. The system comprises a pipeline part, a microwave part and a control part, wherein a magnetron of the microwave part is connected with a circulator through a magnetron seat, and a power supply regulation device of the magnetron is used for regulating the voltage of a power supply of the magnetron, so that the output power of the magnetron is continuous and adjustable; a resonant cavity comprises an igniting chamber and a reaction chamber which are connected, the igniting chamber and the reaction chamber are connected at two ends of the circulator respectively, the circulator is respectively connected with the igniting chamber and the reaction chamber through two waveguide bends, and an electrically tuned reflector is arranged on the waveguide bend between the circulator and the igniting chamber; and the control part mainly consists of an industrial personal computer (IPC), a temperature pressure sensor and a flowmeter, and controls the whole system to work in a prescribed process by controlling and analyzing signal collection information. The microwave plasma online hydrogen production system of the vehicle fuel realizes the volume miniaturization, the weight lighting and the control intelligence; and meanwhile, the microwave output power is continuous and adjustable, and the device is operated under the low-temperature and lower-voltage environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hydrogen transmodulator of the microwave plasma on-line conversion hydrogen producing technology of fuel, vehicle-mounted plasma transmodulator control field, particularly microwave plasma reaction chamber and vehicle control syetem thereof, control strategy.
Background technology
Hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas are a kind of good ignition dopes, can significantly improve the burner characteristic of motor car engine hydrocarbon fuel.The ignition and combustion process that the rich hydrogen technology in part is applied to engine can significantly reduce the discharging of fuel consumption and dusty gas.For the development prospect of vehicle, make the hydrocarbon fuels such as vehicle-mounted gasoline, diesel oil, ethanol generate hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas is a gordian technique.
The major technique that the hydrocarbon fuel molecule is restructured as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas has the method for pyrolysis and electrolysis.In method for pyrolysis, for example the natural gas process for making hydrogen needs at high temperature that (800 ℃～1100 ℃) carry out, and opens C-H and C-O key, forms hydrogen-rich gas.In electrolytic process, hydrocarbon fuel is in strong electric field region, and hydrocarbon fuel is breakdown, and C-H and C-O bond rupture form plasmoid, then are reformatted into hydrogen-rich gas.Compare with restructuring raw materials such as Sweet natural gas, gasoline, methyl alcohol, the ethanol reformation hydrogen production has environmental friendliness and hydrogen yield high, ethanol can be produced hydrogen-rich gas [Li Jigang by three kinds of modes, Sun Jie, Chen Liquan, Li Hong, Cheng Yulong, Zhang Ligong, Dong Zhongchao. in the commercialization ethanol low temperature reformation hydrogen production catalysis technique [J] in eve. agricultural engineering technology (New Energy Industry), 2009].For example, the reforming reaction equation of second alcohol and water is CH
3CH
2OH+H
2O → 2CO+4H
2In this reaction, every mole of ethanol needs the energy of 255.43KJ in theory.Document [Hu Youping, Li Gesheng, Gao Xiaohong is solemn and just. the critical path of ethanol cracking simulation [J] in the hydrogen manufacturing of water-ethanol reforming plasma. the journal .2009 of Nanjing Aero-Space University] critical path of ethanol cracking in the aqueous ethanol plasma hydrogen preparing is simulated.
Because plasma body has higher temperature and energy density, can produce activeconstituents, thereby cause physical change and the chemical reaction that in the conventional chemical reaction, can not or be difficult to realize.Therefore this patent design one cover is by the plasma reforming device system of microwave-driven, have efficient, easily start, the advantage such as easy to control.The microwave energy that is used for driving microwave plasma reformer can produce by microwave sources such as magnetron, transit time tube, semiconductor microactuator wave producers.The microwave frequency that native system adopts is 2.45GHz, and microwave transmission line is rectangular waveguide, has the advantages such as simple in structure, that physical strength is large, can also avoid external interference and radiation loss.
Some investigators have studied microwave plasma with different methods.The mode of activated plasma has plug ignition, laser ignition, corona discharge pulse igniting, dielectric barrier discharge etc.By also can activated plasma [August 11,1998 for United States Patent, No.5793013] to the particular design of resonator cavity, [B1, March 27,2001 for United States Patent, No.6205769].Document [S.P.Kuo, " A microwave-augmented plasma torch module as anigniter/fuel injector of a scramjet engine ", Department of Electrical ﹠amp; Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201] in introduced a kind of miniaturization, low flow velocity, the integrated plasma generating device of injection igniting, utilize special waveguide shapes, the concentration of energy of generation can effectively realize igniting.Document [Hidetoshi Sekiguchi and Yoshihiro Mori, " Steam plasma reforming usingmicrowave discharge ", Thin Solid Films, Vol.453, pp.44-48,2003] done the research that microwave discharge generates the pure steam plasma body in the atmosphere, and with the research of reforming plasma hydrocarbon polymer hydrogen manufacturing, and used a rectangular cavity that does not have hot regeneration, microwave power and current control.
Summary of the invention
The method of producing hydrogen-rich gas has chemical reforming process and reforming plasma method, and their difference is that they excite the chemical substance of chemical reaction different.The activated material of chemistry reforming process is catalyzer, and the active substance of reforming plasma method is living radical.The chemistry reforming process often needs high temperature, continuous heating, and reaction starts slower.And the reforming plasma method does not need catalyzer, and reaction environment also obtains easily, so native system using plasma reforming process is produced hydrogen-rich gas.
Several sparking mode of introducing previously have certain limitation, the plug ignition mode needs periodic replacement, environment is had higher requirements, the sparking mode such as laser, pulse needs high-voltage, high alternating voltage, document [S.P.Kuo, " Amicrowave-augmented plasma torch module as an igniter/fuel injector of a scramjet engine ", Department of Electrical ﹠amp; Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201] what produce is low flow velocity plasma body, what be unfavorable for reacting carries out fast.Document [HidetoshiSekiguchi and Yoshihiro Mori, " Steam plasma reforming using microwave discharge ", Thin SolidFilms, Vol.453, pp.44-48,2003] in simple in structure, the chamber of rectangular cavity electromagnetic field analysis also than being easier to the electromagnetic field field intensity less that still obtains, the distance of reactant gases in the chamber is short, and transformation efficiency is lower.Therefore the present invention has designed two special cavitys---igniting chamber 1010 and annulus reaction chamber 1011; Igniting chamber 1010 is used for lighting plasma body, and geometrical shape is taper, microwave 1032 by the time can form the high-density microwave energy, have very high field intensity, when field intensity reaches the breaking down field strength of gas, will produce the microwave sparking, mixed gas is lighted.Reaction chamber 1011 is designed to the cylinder body shape of annular, and ring cross-section is identical with the rectangular waveguide cross section, is conducive to the propagation of microwave 1032 in reaction chamber, and produces higher field intensity, and is continual for reaction provides energy, keeps reaction to be in plasmoid.By transferring the control of reverberator 1023 to make whole system possess self-starting function to electricity.
The objective of the invention is for solving above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of novel, efficient, the onboard fuel that starts fast, compact construction is provided.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention provides following technical scheme to realize that accompanying drawings is as follows.
The online hydrogen generating system of a kind of microwave plasma of onboard fuel, comprise pipe section, microwave part and control section, described microwave part is mainly by the magnetron power source regulation device, magnetron 1019, magnetic control base 1020, circulator 1021, electricity transfers reverberator 1023 resonant cavity to form, described magnetron 1019 is connected with circulator 1021 by magnetic control base 1020, described magnetron power source regulation device is used for regulating magnetron 1019 voltage of supply, make magnetron 1019 output ratings adjustable continuously, described resonator cavity comprises igniting chamber 1010 and reaction chamber 1011, igniting chamber 1010 is connected with reaction chamber 1011, and be connected to two output terminals of circulator 1021, circulator 1021 is connected with reaction chamber with igniting chamber 1010 respectively by 2 waveguide elbows 1025 and is connected, at circulator 1021 and waveguide elbow 1025 between the igniting chamber 1010 an electric accent reverberator 1023 is housed; Described control section mainly is comprised of industrial computer 1044, temperature and pressure transmitter and under meter, and by to the collection of each signals collecting dot information and analyze, the control whole system is worked in the process of regulation.
Described pipe section is mainly by 2 peristaltic pumps 1003, pneumatic pump 1004, vaporizer 1007, premix chamber 1009, vacuum pump 1015, condenser 1012, magnetron 1019, moisture eliminator 1014 and under meter 1006 form, described 2 peristaltic pumps 1003 are controlled respectively water and ethanol liquid flow, pneumatic pump 1004 control air flow quantitys, vaporizer 1007 is designed to three and advances three disc structures that go out, be used for reaction raw materials being vaporized and being heated to uniform temp, gas after the gasification enters premix chamber 1009 fully to be mixed, vacuum pump 1015 is contained on the pipeline of reaction chamber 1011 back, be used for providing the subnormal ambient of system, reduce boiling point and the breaking down field strength of reactant, make that reaction is easier to be carried out, on the pipeline between vaporizer 1007 and 2 peristaltic pumps 1003 and the pneumatic pump 1004, vacuum solenoid 1005 is housed respectively, be used for 1015 pairs of systems of collaborative vacuum pump and extract negative pressure, and in case of emergency cut off the reaction that supply of raw material stops whole system, condenser 1012 and moisture eliminator 1014 are contained in respectively on the pipeline between reaction chamber 1011 and the vacuum pump 1015 successively, condenser 1012 adopts cooling water circulation mode, and be cascaded with the cooling water circulation pipeline of magnetron 1019, finish cooling by a water pump pipeline circulation, be used for high-temperature product is cooled off, isolate unreacted water and ethanol, improve the utilization ratio of raw material, moisture eliminator 1014 is used for product gas is carried out drying treatment, under meter 1006 is contained in respectively between pneumatic pump 1004 and the vaporizer 1007 and between moisture eliminator 1014 and the vacuum pump 1015, is used for measuring the flow of air and through the dried product gas flow of condensation.
Described magnetron 1019 is used for electric energy conversion is become microwave 1032 outputs, and adopt water-cooling pattern to cool off, microwave 1032 changes transmission direction by magnetic control base 1020 and enters circulator 1021, described circulator 1021 has unidirectional transmission property, incoming signal can pass through smoothly, reflected signal is owing to can not be passed through by resistance absorption, microwave 1032 energy distribution that described electricity transfers reverberator 1023 to be used for regulating igniting chamber 1010 and reaction chamber 1011 transfer reverberator 1023 to make microwave 1032 all enter reaction chamber 1011 by electricity after finishing igniting in the igniting chamber 1010.
Described igniting chamber 1010 is used for lighting plasma body, igniting chamber 1010 geometrical shapies are taper, reaction chamber 1011 is the cylinder body shape of annular, ring cross-section is identical with the rectangular waveguide cross section, be conducive to the propagation of microwave 1032 in reaction chamber 1011, continually provide energy for reaction, keep reaction to be in plasmoid, mixed gas enters igniting chamber 1010 and reaction chamber 1011 by silica tube 1027, be beneficial to insulation and observation, two diameters circular hole 1057 peripheries identical with the silica tube diameter that vertically pass 1010 generations of igniting chamber at silica tube 1027 add several coupling apertures 1028, stop microwave 1032 to pass through circular hole 1057 to external irradiation, reduce microwave 1032 and overflow, add pin in igniting chamber 1010 and the reaction chamber 1011, regulate impedance matching by regulating the pin depth of penetration.
Described igniting chamber 1010 is a cone-shaped cavity that diminishes gradually, sectional area is rectangle, at the cone-shaped cavity place, between the upper and lower apart from diminishing gradually, seamlessly transitted by a camber line, its effect is to form herein large field intensity, and when reaching certain breaking down field strength, the igniting of reactant gases process will be struck sparks during chamber 1010.
Described reaction chamber 1011 is the annular cylinder, and silica tube 1027 central shaft around circular cylindrical cavity in reaction chamber 1011 becomes the fence form to arrange a circle, to increase the distance of reactant gases in reaction chamber 1011, improves reactivity.
Described premix chamber 1009 with the mode of connection that is connected in igniting chamber 1010 is:
When initially exciting microwave plasma, be used for lighting microwave low temperature plasma, transfer the reflection ratio of reverberator 1023 to regulate microwave power in the igniting chamber 1010 by regulating electricity, finish igniting until automatically start.
The online hydrogen generating system of described microwave plasma working point is low temperature, low pressure environment, the molecular conecentration of gas is low under this environment, intermolecular mean collisional frequency is low, thereby Breakdown field also can reduce the success ratio of raising microwave igniting and the speed of reaction.
Described industrial computer 1044 is by gathering water flow signal 1050, ethanol flow signal 1048 and the air flow rate signal 1046 of peristaltic pump 1003 and under meter 1006, and the rotating speed of regulating peristaltic pump 1003 and pneumatic pump 1004 is regulated the flow of alcohol vapour, water vapor and air;
When experiment starts, industrial computer 1044 sends an electromagnetic valve switch control signal 1051 for vacuum solenoid 1005, in the time of in system pressure is stabilized in predetermined range of negative pressure, open vacuum solenoid 1005 switches, with the pressure in the whole loop of vacuum pump 1015 Collaborative Control, and also need to regulate by closing vacuum solenoid 1005 when running into emergency situation;
According to the degree of carrying out of reaction, industrial computer 1044 sends to the magnetron power source regulation device and regulates magnetron 1019 power supply suppling signals, changes the output rating of magnetron 1019;
When starting working, make microwave 1032 all enter igniting chamber 1010, observe igniting chamber 1010 by pinhole camera or photosensor, after lighting a fire successfully, send to electricity by industrial computer 1044 and transfer 1023 baffle plate depth adjustment signals of reverberator, make microwave 1032 all/be reflected in the middle of the reaction chamber 1011.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect:
(1) volume miniaturization, weight lighting, intelligent control.
(2) microwave output power is adjustable continuously, by the adjusting to magnetron power source, obtains continuously adjustable power stage.
(3) move under low temperature, the low pressure environment.
(4) automatic ignition.Transfer reverberator to regulate the power in igniting chamber by electricity, make the igniting chamber reach enough energy and finish igniting.
(5) properly distributed of microwave power in realization igniting chamber and the reaction chamber.
(6) can carry out the reforming plasma of continous-stable.
Description of drawings
The pipe section schematic diagram of the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of Fig. 1 onboard fuel
The microwave part front view of the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of Fig. 2 onboard fuel
The microwave part side-view of the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of Fig. 3 onboard fuel
Fig. 4 chamber front view of lighting a fire
Fig. 5 chamber vertical view of lighting a fire
Microwave propagation synoptic diagram in Fig. 6 reactor
Fig. 7 premix chamber is connected design (scheme one) front view with the igniting chamber
Fig. 8 premix chamber is connected design (scheme one) side-view with the igniting chamber
Fig. 9 premix chamber is connected design (scheme two) front view with the igniting chamber
Figure 10 Controlling System synoptic diagram
Among the figure:
1001: water material box 1002: ethanol raw material case 1003: peristaltic pump 1004: pneumatic pump
1005: vacuum solenoid 1006: under meter 1007: vaporizer 1008: temperature, pressure transmitter
1009: premix chamber 1010: igniting chamber 1011: reaction chamber 1012: condenser
1013: cold flow container 1014: moisture eliminator 1015: vacuum pump 1016: T-valve
1017: light 1018: gas-holder 1019: magnetron 1020: the magnetic control base
1021: circulator
1022: port 2 1023: electricity is transferred reverberator
1024: ring flange 1025: waveguide elbow 1026: port 3 1027: silica tube
1028: coupling aperture 1029: inwall 1030: outer wall 1031: center line
1032: 1033: three road gas 1034 of microwave: ventilating pit 1035: bolt
1036: tube seat 1037: alcohol vapour 1038: water vapour
1039: air 1040: premix chamber wall 1041: igniting chamber sidewall 1042: quartzy tube seat
1043: support 1044: industrial computer 1045: the air flow control signal
1046: air flow rate signal 1047: ethanol flow control signal 1048: the ethanol flow signal
1049: discharge control signal 1050: water flow signal 1051: the electromagnetic valve switch control signal
1052: vaporizer output rating conditioning signal 1053: temperature, pressure signal
1054: microwave power reflection conditioning signal 1055: dry condensation after product flow signal
1056: system vacuum degree conditioning signal 1057: silica tube is by the circular hole in igniting chamber
Embodiment
(1) pipe section of microwave plasma reforming system and experimental program thereof design
The pipe section invention of the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of onboard fuel as shown in Figure 1.This patent adopts steam reforming or two kinds of forms of self-heating recapitalization of ethanol to produce hydrogen-rich gas.Adopt the vapor reforming hydrogen production mode, the content of hydrogen is higher in the product, and combustion-supporting ability is strong, and it is a thermo-negative reaction, needs microwave to offer reaction heat.Adopt the self-heating recapitalization mode, hydrogen content is lower in the product, combustion-supporting ability slightly a little less than, and increase an air loop, increased the complicacy of system, but it is a neither also not thermopositive reaction of heat absorption, does not need microwave that reaction heat is provided.Dual mode respectively has relative merits, according to the actual requirements, and Rational choice.The flow of ethanol, water and air is determined according to their ratio of chemical reaction equivalent.
Chemical equation is:
A：CH
3CH
2OH + H
2O → 4H
2 + 2CO
Quality 46g 18g 8g 56g
Energy or formation condition
-234.6kJ -241.83kJ 0kJ -221.08kJ
This reaction is thermo-negative reaction, and the ethanol of every reaction 46g and 18g water need to suck the energy of 254.82kJ and finish reaction.
B：CH
3CH
2OH+1.5O
2→3H
2+2CO
2
This reaction is thermopositive reaction, and every mole ethanol synthesis is emitted the energy of 554KJ.
The design of one case two Room is taked in the design of water material box 1001 and ethanol raw material case 1002, and a ventilating pit is respectively opened at top, two Room, is used for the inside and outside pressure of balance, and two indoorly respectively add a microfilter, guarantee that the unimpeded of liquid starting material flows.
Water and ethanol liquid flow are by peristaltic pump 1003 control, and air flow quantity is controlled by pneumatic pump 1004, for the requirement of pump be that volume is little, precision is high, output flow is adjustable etc. continuously.
Liquid fuel and gas by peristaltic pump 1003 and pneumatic pump 1004 pass through vacuum solenoid 1005, vacuum solenoid 1005 is contained in respectively between peristaltic pump 1003 (pneumatic pump 1004) and the vaporizer 1007, be used for 1015 pairs of systems of collaborative vacuum pump and extract negative pressure, and in case of emergency cut off the reaction that supply of raw material stops whole system.Close 1005 when system starts working, extract negative pressure with 1015, avoid the raw material in 1007 is extracted in the middle of the pipeline.1005 choose factors such as noting working temperature, fluid temperature (F.T.), volume.
Directly enter vaporizer 1007 by vacuum solenoid 1005 rear fuel, vaporizer 1007 is used for water and ethanol liquid vaporization, and simultaneously water vapor, alcohol vapour and air is heated, and makes three road gases 1033 have identical temperature.The design of vaporizer 1007 adopts three to advance three designs that go out (nonstandard), can reduce like this volume and quality that cost also can reduce vaporizer 1007.Vaporizer 1007 is by adding a temperature collect module, and the collecting temperature signal by the analytical calculation of industrial computer 1044, is regulated the output rating of vaporizer 1007, save energy.
After vaporizer 1007 vaporizations, fuel gas enters premix chamber 1009, by the design to premix chamber 1009, gas is entered along chamber wall tangential direction, and gas is fully mixed.
Fuel gas successively enters igniting chamber 1010 and reaction chamber 1011 behind premix, and generation reforming plasma, reformed gas directly enters condenser 1012 after out from reaction chamber 1011, condenser 1012 is contained on the pipeline between reaction chamber 1011 and the vacuum pump 1015, be used for high-temperature product is cooled off, isolate unreacted water and ethanol, improve the utilization ratio of raw material.Condenser 1012 adopts cooling water circulation mode, and is cascaded with the cooling water circulation pipeline of magnetron 1019, finishes cooling by a water pump pipeline circulation, has reduced the complicacy of system.
Reformed gas enters moisture eliminator 1014 after condensation, moisture eliminator 1014 is contained between condenser 1012 and the under meter 1006, is used for product gas is carried out drying treatment, corrosion chromatographic column when avoiding with gas chromatograph analytical gas composition.
Under meter 1006 is contained in respectively between pneumatic pump 1004 and the vaporizer 1007 and between moisture eliminator 1014 and the vacuum pump 1015, is used for measuring the flow of air and through the dried product gas flow of condensation.
Enter vacuum pump 1015 after the reformed gas process condensation drying, vacuum pump 1015 is contained on the pipeline of reaction chamber 1011 back, be used for providing the subnormal ambient of system, select the reason of subnormal ambient to be: 1. to reduce the boiling point of water and ethanol, make the easier vaporization of liquid starting material.2. reduce the density of gas molecule in the system, thereby reduce the Breakdown field of unstripped gas.
Temperature and pressure transmitter 1008 is contained in respectively between vaporizer 1007 and the premix chamber 1009 and between moisture eliminator 1014 and the vacuum pump 1015, is used for temperature, pressure, the flow of measuring system each point.
At last reformed gas is processed, be stored in the gas-holder or directly burning by Y-tube, will prevent tempering when carrying out burn processing.
(2) the microwave part of microwave plasma reforming system and experimental program thereof design
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are the microwave part synoptic diagram of the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of onboard fuel, comprise several parts such as magnetron power source regulation device, magnetron 1019, magnetic control base 1020, circulator 1021, electricity accent reverberator 1023, igniting chamber 1010, reaction chamber 1011.Magnetron 1019 is used for electric energy conversion is become microwave 1032 outputs of 2.45GHz frequency, and adopts the water-cooling pattern cooling.The magnetron power source regulation device is used for regulating magnetron 1019 voltage of supply, makes magnetron 1019 output ratings adjustable continuously.Microwave 1032 directly enters magnetic control base 1020 by magnetron 1019, and magnetic control base 1020 has changed the transmission direction of microwave 1032, and makes microwave 1032 enter circulator 1021.Circulator 1021 has unidirectional transmission property, and incoming signal enters circulator 1021 from the input terminus 1 of circulator, enters igniting chamber 1010 from output terminal 2 and enters reaction chamber 1011 from output terminal 3 at last, and reflected signal is owing to can not be passed through by resistance absorption.Igniting chamber 1010 is connected with reaction chamber 1011, the fuel of being lighted by igniting chamber 1010 directly enters reaction chamber 1011, avoid too much heat to disappear by the thermal radiation mode, also avoid simultaneously silica tube 1027 to pass igniting chamber 1010 and enter reaction chamber 1011 and stayed circular hole 1057, and brought unnecessary microwave radiation.Igniting chamber 1010 and reaction chamber 1011 are connected on respectively two output terminals of circulator 1021, circulator 1021 links to each other by a U-shaped waveguide elbow 1025 with reaction chamber, U-shaped waveguide elbow 1025 is 2 (seeing Fig. 3), connection circulator 1021 and reaction chamber 1011, another root connects circulator 1021 and igniting chamber 1010, between circulator 1021 and igniting chamber 1010, exist an electricity to transfer reverberator 1023, be used for to regulate microwave 1032 energy distribution in igniting chamber 1010 and the reaction chamber 1011, after finishing igniting in the igniting chamber 1010, transfer reverberator 1023 to make microwave 1032 all enter reaction chamber 1011 by electricity, such mode of connection can well realize igniting, heat integrated design, and reduced the volume of experimental installation.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the design diagram in igniting chamber 1010, and a cone-shaped cavity that diminishes is gradually made in igniting chamber 1010, and sectional area is rectangle.At the cone-shaped cavity place, apart from diminishing gradually, seamlessly transitted by a camber line, thereby field intensity herein is very large between the upper and lower, when reaching certain breaking down field strength, the igniting of reactant gases process will be struck sparks during chamber 1010.Silica tube 1027 vertically passes igniting chamber 1010, can produce the circular hole 1057 that diameter is identical with silica tube 1027 diameters with reaction chamber 1011 connections, because silica tube 1027 can not stop microwave 1032, microwave 1032 can be by circular hole 1057 to external irradiation, thereby need to add several coupling apertures 1028 at the circular hole periphery, reduce microwave 1032 and overflow.
Fig. 6 is the design diagram of reaction chamber 1011, the design of reaction chamber 1011 is wanted so that microwave 1032 energy in the cavity are as far as possible high, so reaction chamber 1011 is made the capable cylinder of annulus, like this at cavity center meeting forming energy strong point, can reduce the volume of reaction chamber 1011 simultaneously.Reforming plasma occurs in the silica tube 1027 in igniting chamber 1010 and the reaction chamber 1011, therefore take silica tube 1027 short transverse along cavity in reaction chamber 1011 crooked up and down, increase the distance of reactant gases in reaction chamber 1011 as far as possible, improve reactivity.
Fig. 7-9 is premix chamber 1009 and the schema of two schemes that are connected design in igniting chamber 1010, premix chamber 1009 mainly is in the silica tube 1027 of considering how the reactant gases in the premix chamber 1009 to be sent in the igniting chamber 1010 with the design that is connected in igniting chamber 1010, and reduce overflowing of microwave energy 1032 as far as possible, and two cavitys are installed firmly.Scheme one: shown in Fig. 7,8, silica tube 1027 is inserted in the tube seat 1036 of igniting 1010 inside, chamber, premix chamber 1009 is fixed together by the bolt 1035 on igniting chamber 1010 outer walls, the gas behind the premix by ventilating pit 1034 in premix chamber 1009 enters silica tube 1027 the igniting chamber 1010.Scheme two: as shown in Figure 9, silica tube 1027 passes igniting chamber 1010 and sticks on the inwall in premix chamber 1009, and the gas behind the premix enters silica tube 1027 by the disk with ventilating pit 1034 that support 1043 is fixed on silica tube 1027 inside.Two kinds of different connection designs of the present invention design have realized that all gas enters the silica tube 1027 the igniting chamber 1010 from premix chamber 1009 and the microwave 1032 that as far as possible reduced in the igniting chamber 1010 leaks, and connect simply, are convenient to processing.
(3) Controlling System
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of Controlling System, Controlling System has vital effect for whole system, by to the collection of each signals collecting dot information and analyze, the control whole system is worked in the process of regulation, such as the flow of vapour-liquid body in the pressure of Controlling System, the pipeline etc.
When experiment starts, industrial computer 1044 sends an electromagnetic valve switch control signal 1051 for vacuum solenoid 1005, in the time of in system pressure is stabilized in predetermined range of negative pressure, open vacuum solenoid 1005 switches, with the pressure in the whole loop of vacuum pump 1015 Collaborative Control.And also need to regulate by closing vacuum solenoid 1005 when running into emergency situation.
According to the degree of carrying out of reaction, industrial computer 1044 sends to the magnetron power source regulation device and regulates magnetron 1019 power supply suppling signals, changes the output rating of magnetron 1019.
During the work beginning, make microwave 1032 all enter igniting chamber 1010, observe igniting chamber 1010 by pinhole camera or photosensor, after lighting a fire successfully, send to electricity by industrial computer 1044 and transfer 1023 baffle plate depth adjustment signals of reverberator, make microwave 1032 all/be reflected in the middle of the reaction chamber 1011.
Claims (10)
1. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of an onboard fuel, comprise the microwave part, control section and pipe section, it is characterized in that, described microwave part is mainly by the magnetron power source regulation device, magnetron (1019), circulator (1021), electricity transfers reverberator (1023) resonant cavity to form, described magnetron (1019) is connected with circulator (1021) by magnetic control base (1020), described magnetron power source regulation device is used for regulating magnetron (1019) voltage of supply, make magnetron (1019) output rating adjustable continuously, described resonator cavity comprises igniting chamber (1010) and reaction chamber (1011), igniting chamber (1010) is connected with reaction chamber (1011), described circulator (1021) is connected 1011 with igniting chamber (1010) with reaction chamber respectively by 2 waveguide elbows (1025)) be connected, the waveguide elbow (1025) between circulator (1021) and igniting chamber (1010) is equipped with an electricity transfers reverberator (1023); Described control section mainly is comprised of industrial computer (1044), temperature and pressure transmitter and under meter, and by collection, the analysis to each signals collecting dot information, the control whole system is worked in the process of regulation.
2. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pipe section is mainly by 2 peristaltic pumps (1003), pneumatic pump (1004), vaporizer (1007), premix chamber (1009), vacuum pump (1015), condenser (1012), magnetron (1019), moisture eliminator (1014) and under meter (1006) form, described 2 peristaltic pumps (1003) are controlled respectively water and ethanol liquid flow, pneumatic pump (1004) control air flow quantity, vaporizer (1007) is designed to three and advances three disc structures that go out, be used for reaction raw materials being vaporized and being heated to uniform temp, gas after the gasification enters premix chamber (1009) fully to be mixed, vacuum pump (1015) is contained on the pipeline of reaction chamber (1011) back, be used for providing the subnormal ambient of system, reduce boiling point and the breaking down field strength of reactant, make that reaction is easier to be carried out, on the pipeline between vaporizer (1007) and 2 peristaltic pumps (1003) and the pneumatic pump (1004), vacuum solenoid (1005) is housed respectively, be used for collaborative vacuum pump (1015) system is extracted negative pressure, and in case of emergency cut off the reaction that supply of raw material stops whole system, condenser (1012) and moisture eliminator (1014) are contained in respectively on the pipeline between reaction chamber (1011) and the vacuum pump (1015) successively, condenser (1012) adopts cooling water circulation mode, and be cascaded with the cooling water circulation pipeline of magnetron (1019), finish cooling by a water pump pipeline circulation, be used for high-temperature product is cooled off, isolate unreacted water and ethanol, improve the utilization ratio of raw material, moisture eliminator (1014) is used for product gas is carried out drying treatment, under meter (1006) is contained in respectively between pneumatic pump (1004) and the vaporizer (1007) and between moisture eliminator (1014) and the vacuum pump (1015), is used for measuring the flow of air and through the dried product gas flow of condensation.
3. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described magnetron (1019) is used for electric energy conversion is become microwave (1032) output, and adopt water-cooling pattern to cool off, microwave (1032) changes transmission direction by magnetic control base (1020) and enters circulator (1021), described circulator (1021) has unidirectional transmission property, incoming signal can pass through smoothly, reflected signal is owing to can not be passed through by resistance absorption, microwave (1032) energy distribution that described electricity transfers reverberator (1023) to be used for regulating igniting chamber (1010) and reaction chamber (1011) transfers reverberator (1023) to make microwave (1032) all enter reaction chamber (1011) by electricity after finishing igniting in the igniting chamber (1010).
4. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described igniting chamber (1010) is used for lighting plasma body, igniting chamber (1010) geometrical shape is taper, reaction chamber (1011) is the cylinder body shape of annular, ring cross-section is identical with the rectangular waveguide cross section, be conducive to the propagation of microwave (1032) in reaction chamber (1011), continually provide energy for reaction, keep reaction to be in plasmoid, mixed gas enters igniting chamber (1010) and reaction chamber (1011) by silica tube (1027), be beneficial to insulation and observation, two diameters circular hole (1057) periphery identical with the silica tube diameter that vertically passes igniting chamber (1010) generation at silica tube (1027) adds several coupling apertures (1028), stop microwave (1032) to pass through circular hole (1057) to external irradiation, reducing microwave (1032) overflows, add pin in igniting chamber (1010) and the reaction chamber (1011), regulate impedance matching by regulating the pin depth of penetration.
5. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described igniting chamber (1010) is a cone-shaped cavity that diminishes gradually, sectional area is rectangle, at the cone-shaped cavity place, between the upper and lower apart from diminishing gradually, seamlessly transitted by a camber line, its effect is to form herein large field intensity, when reaching certain breaking down field strength, will strike sparks during reactant gases process igniting chamber (1010).
6. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described reaction chamber (1011) is the annular cylinder, silica tube (1027) central shaft around circular cylindrical cavity in reaction chamber (1011) becomes the fence form to arrange a circle, to increase the distance of reactant gases in reaction chamber (1011), improve reactivity.
7. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described premix chamber (1009) with the mode of connection that is connected in igniting chamber (1010) is:
Silica tube (1027) is inserted in the inner tube seat (1036) in igniting chamber (1010), premix chamber (1009) is fixed together by the bolt (1035) on igniting chamber (1010) outer wall, the gas behind the premix by the ventilating pit (1034) that arranges on the sidewall of igniting chamber (1010) in premix chamber (1009) enter silica tube (1027) the chamber (1010) of lighting a fire;
Silica tube (1027) passes igniting chamber (1010) and sticks on the inwall of premix chamber (1009), and the gas behind the premix enters silica tube (1027) by the disk that support (1043) is fixed on the inner band ventilating pit (1034) of silica tube (1027).
8. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when initially exciting microwave plasma, be used for lighting microwave low temperature plasma, transfer the reflection ratio of reverberator (1023) to regulate microwave power in the igniting chamber (1010) by regulating electricity, finish igniting until automatically start.
9. the online hydrogen generating system of the microwave plasma of a kind of onboard fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the online hydrogen generating system of described microwave plasma working point is low temperature, low pressure environment, the molecular conecentration of gas is low under this environment, intermolecular mean collisional frequency is low, thereby Breakdown field also can reduce the success ratio of raising microwave igniting and the speed of reaction.
10. the online hydrogen generating system of microwave plasma of each described a kind of onboard fuel in 9 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described industrial computer (1044) is by gathering water flow signal (1050), ethanol flow signal (1048) and the air flow rate signal (1046) of peristaltic pump (1003) and under meter (1006), and the rotating speed of regulating peristaltic pump (1003) and pneumatic pump (1004) is regulated the flow of alcohol vapour, water vapor and air;
Industrial computer (1044) is by gathering the temperature, pressure signal (1053) in the pipeline, vaporizer (1007) is sent a vaporizer (1007) output rating conditioning signal (1052), water and ethanol are vaporized fully, avoid energy dissipation;
When experiment starts, industrial computer (1044) sends an electromagnetic valve switch control signal (1051) for vacuum solenoid (1005), in the time of in system pressure is stabilized in predetermined range of negative pressure, open vacuum solenoid (1005) switch, with the pressure in vacuum pump (1015) the whole loop of Collaborative Control, and also need to regulate by closing vacuum solenoid (1005) when running into emergency situation;
Industrial computer (1044) gathers temperature, pressure signal (1053) in the pipeline, regulates the rotating speed of vacuum pump (1015) by analyzing pressure, and system pressure is stabilized in the predetermined range of negative pressure;
According to the degree of carrying out of reaction, industrial computer (1044) sends to the magnetron power source regulation device and regulates magnetron (1019) power supply suppling signal, changes the output rating of magnetron (1019);
When starting working, make microwave (1032) all enter igniting chamber (1010), observe igniting chamber (1010) by pinhole camera or photosensor, after lighting a fire successfully, send to electricity by industrial computer (1044) and transfer (1023) baffle plate depth adjustment signals of reverberator, make microwave (1032) all/be reflected in the middle of the reaction chamber (1011).
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